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{{short description|Linux Foundation project}}
{{Infobox organization
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| parent_organization = [[The Linux Foundation]]
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}}The '''Cloud Native Computing Foundation''' ('''CNCF''') is a subsidiary of the [[Linux Foundation]] (LF) founded in 2015 to support [[cloud-native computing]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cncf.io/announcement/2015/06/21/new-cloud-native-computing-foundation-to-drive-alignment-among-container-technologies/ |title=New Cloud Native Computing Foundation to Drive Alignment Among Container Technologies |date=2015-06-21 |website=Cloud Native Computing Foundation |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
== History ==
It was announced alongside [[Kubernetes]] 1.0, an open source container cluster manager, which was contributed to the Linux Foundation by [[Google]] as a seed technology. Founding members include [[Google]], [[CoreOS]], Mesosphere, [[Red Hat]], [[Twitter]], [[Huawei]], [[Intel]], RX-M, [[Cisco]], [[IBM]], [[Docker (software)|Docker]], [[Univa]], and [[VMware]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-native-computing-foundation-seeks-to-bring-more-cloud-and-container-unity/ |title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation seeks to forge cloud and container unity |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |website=ZDNet |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2015/07/21/new-foundation-to-drive-docker-container-interoperability |title=Cloud Giants Form Foundation to Drive Container Interoperability |date=2015-07-21 |website=Data Center Knowledge |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> Today, CNCF is supported by over 450 members.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3114747/cloud-native-ambassadors-and-docker-captains-navigate-users-through-the-container-ecosystem.html |title=Cloud Native Ambassadors and Docker Captains navigate users through the container ecosystem |last=Calcote |first=Lee |date=2016-09-06 |website=InfoWorld |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
In August 2018 Google announced that it was handing over operational control of Kubernetes to the community.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google takes a step back from running the Kubernetes development infrastructure |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/29/google-steps-back-from-running-the-kubernetes-infrastructure/ |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=TechCrunch |date=29 August 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124032013/https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/29/google-steps-back-from-running-the-kubernetes-infrastructure/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Projects ==
* Argo: [https://argoproj.github.io/ Argo] is a collection of tools for getting work done with Kubernetes. Among its main features are Workflows and Events. It was accepted to CNCF on March 26, 2020 at the Incubating maturity level and then moved to the Graduated maturity level on December 6, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cncf.io/projects/argo/ |title=Argo joins CNCF |language=en-US |access-date=2025-04-09}}</ref>
* Cilium: [[Cilium (computing)|Cilium]] provides networking, security, and observability for Kubernetes deployments using [[eBPF]] technology. It joined the CNCF at incubation level in October 2021<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cncf.io/blog/2021/10/13/cilium-joins-cncf-as-an-incubating-project/ |title=Cilium joins CNCF as an incubating project |date=2021-10-13 |website=CNCF Blog |language=en-US |access-date=2023-11-13}}</ref> and the CNCF announced its graduation in October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/12/cilium_graduated/ |title=Cilium leaves incubator, gets the nod from Cloud Native Computing Foundation |date=2023-10-12 |website=The Register |language=en-US | access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref>
* containerd: containerd is an industry-standard core container runtime. It is currently available as a daemon for Linux and Windows, which can manage the complete container lifecycle of its host system. In 2015, Docker donated the [[Open Container Initiative|OCI]] Specification to The Linux Foundation with a reference implementation called runc. Since February 28, 2019 it is an official CNCF project.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.cncf.io/announcement/2019/02/28/cncf-announces-containerd-graduation/ | title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation Announces containerd Graduation| date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Its general availability and intention to donate the project to CNCF was announced by Docker in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.docker.com/blog/cncf-containerd-1-0-ga-announcement/ |title=Announcing the General Availability of containerd 1.0, the industry-standard runtime used by millions of users |date=2017-12-05 |website=Docker Blog |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.docker.com/blog/docker-donates-containerd-to-cncf/ |title=Docker to donate containerd to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation |date=2017-03-15 |website=Docker Blog |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
* CoreDNS: CoreDNS is a [[Name server|DNS server]] that chains plugins. Its graduation was announced in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2019/01/24/cloud_contender_coredns/ |title=CoreDNS is all grown up now and ready to roll: Kubernetes network toolkit graduates at last |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=2019-01-24 |website=The Register |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
* Envoy: Originally built at [[Lyft]] to move their architecture away from a [[Monolithic system|monolith]], Envoy is a high-performance open source [[Edge computing|edge]] and service proxy that makes the network transparent to applications. Lyft contributed Envoy to Cloud Native Computing Foundation in September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://eng.lyft.com/envoy-joins-the-cncf-dc18baefbc22 |title=Envoy joins the CNCF |last=Klein |first=Matt |date=2017-09-13 |website=Medium |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
* etcd: etcd is a distributed key value store, providing a method of storing data across a cluster of machines.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Kirpes|first1=Benedikt|last2=Roon|first2=Micha|last3=Burgahn|first3=Christopher|chapter=Distributed Data Validation for a Key-value Store in a Decentralized Electric Vehicle Charging Network |date=2019|title=Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management|publisher=SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications|pages=356–363|doi=10.5220/0008363703560363|isbn=978-989-758-382-7|doi-access=free}}</ref> It became a CNCF incubating project in 2018 at KubeCon+CloudNativeCon North America<ref>[https://events19.linuxfoundation.org/events/kubecon-cloudnativecon-north-america-2018/ KubeCon+CloudNativeCon North America]</ref> in Seattle that year.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Cloud Native Computing Foundation adds etcd to its open-source stable|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/11/the-cloud-native-computing-foundation-adds-etcd-to-its-open-source-stable/|access-date=2020-01-21|website=TechCrunch|date=11 December 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331021525/https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/11/the-cloud-native-computing-foundation-adds-etcd-to-its-open-source-stable/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Falco: Falco is an open source and cloud native runtime security initiative. It is the "de facto Kubernetes threat detection engine".<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Patel |first=Akash |title=INCORPORATING PRIVACY AND SECURITY FEATURES IN AN OPEN SOURCE SEARCH ENGINE A Project Report Presented to |year=2014 |publisher=San Jose State University Library |doi=10.31979/etd.ye8d-rxuw|doi-access=free }}</ref> It became an incubating project in January 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/falco-soars-from-cncf-sandbox-to-incubation/2020/01/ |title=Falco Soars From CNCF Sandbox to Incubation |last=Sawaya |first=Sydney |website=SDXCentral |date=8 January 2020 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527212123/https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/falco-soars-from-cncf-sandbox-to-incubation/2020/01/ |archive-date=2020-05-27 }}</ref> and graduated in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cncf.io/announcements/2024/02/29/cloud-native-computing-foundation-announces-falco-graduation/ |title=CNCF announces falco graduation |last=SAN FRANCISCO|first=California|website=CNCF |date=29 February 2024 }}</ref>
* Flux: Flux <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fluxcd.io/ |title=CNCF Flux |website=CNCF Flux |language=en-US |access-date=2025-03-12}}</ref> is an open source project for powering GitOps in Kubernetes clusters. It provides the GitOps Toolkit, a set of Kubernetes APIs that allow you to define how configuration source code is securely pulled into your cluster and deployed by popular Kubernetes manifests rendering engines like Kustomize and Helm. The most recommended source mechanism is the OCIRepository API, which provides enhanced security and benefits from container image tooling out there. Flux has also notification integrations with popular services like Prometheus Alertmanager, PagerDuty, Slack and so on. Flux has graduated in CNCF in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cncf.io/announcements/2022/11/30/flux-graduates-from-cncf-incubator/ |title=Flux Graduates from the Cloud Native Computing Foundation Incubator |date=2022-11-30 |website=Cloud Native Computing Foundation |language=en-US |access-date=2025-03-12}}</ref>
* Harbor: Harbor is an "open source trusted cloud native registry project that stores, signs, and scans content."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.vmware.com/cloudnative/2018/07/31/harbor-accepted-as-cncf-hosted-project/ |title=Harbor Accepted as CNCF-Hosted Project |date=2018-07-31 |website=Cloud Native Apps Blog |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> It became an incubating project in September 2019<ref name="containerjournal.com">{{cite web |date=2019-09-23 |url=https://containerjournal.com/topics/container-management/harbor-container-registry-project-advances/ |title=Harbor Container Registry Project Advances |language=en-US |website=Container Journal |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> and graduated in June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-23|title=CNCF Graduates Harbor Container Registry|url=https://containerjournal.com/topics/container-management/cncf-graduates-harbor-container-registry/|access-date=2020-07-13|website=Container Journal|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Helm: [[Helm (package manager)|Helm]] is a package manager that helps developers "easily manage and deploy applications onto the Kubernetes cluster."<ref name="containerjournal.com" /> It joined the incubating level in June 2018 and graduated in April 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cncf.io/announcement/2020/04/30/cloud-native-computing-foundation-announces-helm-graduation/ |title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation Announces Helm Graduation |website=cncf.io |date=30 April 2020 |language=en |access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref>
* Istio: Istio is a [[service mesh]] technology. It was accepted by CNCF in September 2022 and graduated on July 12, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=Istio |url=https://www.cncf.io/projects/istio/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Cloud Native Computing Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Istio |url=https://istio.io/latest/ |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=Istio |language=en}}</ref>
* Jaeger: Created by [[Uber]] Engineering, Jaeger is an open source distributed tracing system inspired by Google Dapper paper and OpenZipkin community. It can be used for tracing [[Microservices|microservice]]-based architectures, including distributed context propagation, distributed transaction monitoring, root cause analysis, service dependency analysis, and performance/latency optimization. The Cloud Native Computing Foundation Technical Oversight Committee voted to accept Jaeger as the 12th hosted project in September 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.enterpriseai.news/2019/11/01/jaeger-emerges-as-meister-of-cloud-monitoring/ |title=Jaeger Emerges as Meister of Cloud Monitoring |date=2019-11-01 |website=EnterpriseAI |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> and became a graduated project in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenewstack.io/jaeger-graduates-cncf-sees-a-future-without-native-jaeger-clients/ |title=Jaeger Graduates CNCF, Sees a Future Without Native Jaeger Clients |date=2019-11-04 |website=The New Stack |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> In 2020 it became an approved and fully integrated part of the CNCF ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kubernetes' Helm gets full Cloud Native Computing Foundation approval|url=https://www.arnnet.com.au/article/680540/kubernetes-helm-gets-full-cloud-native-computing-foundation-approval/|access-date=2020-07-06|website=ARN}}</ref>
* Kubernetes: [[Kubernetes]] is an open source framework for automating deployment and managing applications in a containerized and clustered environment. "It aims to provide better ways of managing related, distributed components across the varied infrastructure."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/an-introduction-to-kubernetes |title=An Introduction to Kubernetes |website=DigitalOcean |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> It was originally designed by Google and donated to The Linux Foundation to form the Cloud Native Computing Foundation with Kubernetes as the seed technology.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/21/as-kubernetes-hits-1-0-google-donates-technology-to-newly-formed-cloud-native-computing-foundation-with-ibm-intel-twitter-and-others/ |title=As Kubernetes Hits 1.0, Google Donates Technology To Newly Formed Cloud Native Computing Foundation |website=TechCrunch |date=21 July 2015 |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331021525/https://techcrunch.com/2015/07/21/as-kubernetes-hits-1-0-google-donates-technology-to-newly-formed-cloud-native-computing-foundation-with-ibm-intel-twitter-and-others/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The "large and diverse" community supporting the project has made its staying power more robust than other, older technologies of the same ilk.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3118345/why-kubernetes-is-winning-the-container-war.html |title=Why Kubernetes is winning the container war |last=Asay |first=Matt |date=2016-09-09 |website=InfoWorld |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> In January 2020, the CNCF annual report showed significant growth in interest, training, event attendance and investment related to Kubernetes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://containerjournal.com/topics/container-ecosystems/cncf-annual-report-shows-kubernetes-growth/ |title=CNCF Annual Report Shows Kubernetes Growth |date=2020-01-21 |website=Container Journal |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>
* Linkerd: Linkerd is CNCF's fifth member project, and the project that coined the term "[[service mesh]]".<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief Introduction to Linkerd |url=https://glasnostic.com/blog/an-introduction-to-what-is-linkerd-service-mesh |website=Glasnostic blog |publisher=Glasnostic |access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref> Linkerd adds observability, security, and reliability features to applications by adding them to the platform rather than the application layer,<ref>{{cite web |title=Linkerd: A Different Kind of Service Mesh |url=https://vmblog.com/archive/2021/01/05/linkerd-a-different-kind-of-service-mesh.aspx#.YHn7n6lKhqs |website=VMblog.io |access-date=2021-01-05}}</ref> and features a "micro-proxy" to maximize speed and security of its data plane.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Linkerd doesn't use Envoy |url=https://linkerd.io/2020/12/03/why-linkerd-doesnt-use-envoy/ |website=Linkerd.io |access-date=2020-12-03}}</ref> Linkerd graduated from CNCF in July 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morgan |first=William |date=2021-07-28 |url=https://linkerd.io/2021/07/28/announcing-cncf-graduation/ |title=Announcing Linkerd's Graduation |department=Blog |website=Linkerd |access-date=2022-02-08}}</ref>
* Open Policy Agent: Open Policy Agent (OPA) is "an open source general-purpose policy engine and language for cloud infrastructure."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://securityboulevard.com/2019/10/fugue-adopts-open-policy-agent-opa-for-its-policy-as-code-framework-for-cloud-security/ |title=Fugue Adopts Open Policy Agent (OPA) for its Policy-as-Code Framework for Cloud Security |last=Schalm |first=Deb |date=2019-10-08 |website=Security Boulevard |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> It became a CNCF incubating project in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2019/04/open-policy-agent-cncf/ |title=Open Policy Agent Accepted as CNCF Incubation Level Project |website=InfoQ |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> OPA graduated from CNCF in February 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-02-04 |url=https://www.cncf.io/announcements/2021/02/04/cloud-native-computing-foundation-announces-open-policy-agent-graduation/ |title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation Announces Open Policy Agent Graduation |department=Announcements |website=Cloud Native Computing Foundation |access-date=2022-02-08}}</ref>
* Prometheus: A Cloud Native Computing Foundation member project, [[Prometheus (software)|Prometheus]] is a cloud monitoring tool sponsored by [[SoundCloud]] in early iterations. In August 2018, the tool was designated a graduated project by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.<ref name="TechCrunch">{{Cite web |date=9 August 2018 |title=Prometheus monitoring tool joins Kubernetes as CNCF's latest 'graduated' project |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/09/prometheus-monitoring-tool-joins-kubernetes-as-cncfs-latest-graduated-project/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124032018/https://techcrunch.com/2018/08/09/prometheus-monitoring-tool-joins-kubernetes-as-cncfs-latest-graduated-project/ |archive-date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2020-01-20 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Rook: Rook is CNCF's first cloud native storage project.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lyons Hardcastle|first=Jessica|date=29 January 2018|title=CNCF's First Cloud-Native Storage Project Is Rook|url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/cncfs-first-cloud-native-storage-project-rook/2018/01/|url-status=live|website=SDXCentral|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625163135/https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/cncfs-first-cloud-native-storage-project-rook/2018/01/ |archive-date=2018-06-25 }}</ref> It became an incubation level project in 2018<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-29|title=Rook, an open-source project adding storage to Kubernetes, joins the Cloud Native Computing Foundation|url=https://www.geekwire.com/2018/rook-open-source-project-adding-storage-kubernetes-joins-cloud-native-computing-foundation/|access-date=2020-01-21|website=GeekWire|language=en-US}}</ref> and graduated in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-13|title=CNCF Graduates Rook to Automate Kubernetes Storage Tasks|url=https://containerjournal.com/topics/container-ecosystems/cncf-graduates-rook-to-automate-kubernetes-storage-tasks/|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Container Journal|language=en-US}}</ref>
* SPIFFE: SPIFFE is an open standard and framework for workload identity, much the same way that OAuth is an open standard and framework for human identity. It is built from the ground up to accommodate modern computing environments, which operate with systems scale and velocity (as opposed to human scale and velocity), while still maintaining interoperability with existing technologies like [[OAuth]] and [[X.509]] [[Public key infrastructure]]. Unlike other identity standards, SPIFFE supports multiple credential types for a single identity, ensuring that the highly varied needs of production environments are consistently met without compromise. SPIFFE joined the CNCF as a sandbox project in 2018, was accepted to incubation in 2020, and graduated in 2022.<ref name="cncf.io">{{Cite web|date=2022-09-20|title=SPIFFE and SPIRE Projects Graduate from Cloud Native Computing Foundation Incubator|url=https://www.cncf.io/announcements/2022/09/20/spiffe-and-spire-projects-graduate-from-cloud-native-computing-foundation-incubator/|access-date=2024-03-04|website=CNCF|language=en-US}}</ref>
* SPIRE: SPIRE is an open source identity provider for workloads based on the SPIFFE framework. It is highly pluggable, and fills the attestation and issuance needs required by any workload identity solution. The plugin interfaces it exposes allows users to write integrations with in-house systems, build internal self-service portals, and more. It is a very powerful building block for issuing short-lived identity credentials to dynamic cloud workloads. SPIRE became a CNCF Graduated project in 2022.<ref name="cncf.io"/>
* The Update Framework: The Update Framework (TUF) helps developers to secure new or existing software update systems, which are often found to be vulnerable to many known attacks. TUF addresses this widespread problem by providing a comprehensive, flexible security framework that developers can integrate with any software update system. TUF was CNCF's first security-focused project and the ninth project overall to graduate from the foundation's hosting program.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://devclass.com/2019/12/19/the-update-framework-becomes-ninth-project-to-graduate-cncf/ |title=The Update Framework becomes ninth project to graduate CNCF • DEVCLASS |last=Schmidt |first=Julia |date=2019-12-19 |website=DEVCLASS |language=en-GB |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
* TiKV: TikV provides a distributed key–value database.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eweek.com/cloud/kubernetes-development-infrastructure-moving-out-of-google-control |title=Kubernetes Development Infrastructure Moving Out of Google Control |website=eWEEK |date=29 August 2018 |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref>
* Vitess: Vitess is a database clustering system for [[horizontal scaling]] of [[MySQL]], first created for internal use by YouTube. It became a CNCF project in 2018 and graduated in November 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/vitess-earns-vernerable-cncfs-graduate-distinction/2019/11/ |title=Vitess Earns Venerable CNCF's Graduate Distinction |last=Sawaya |first=Sydney |website=SDXCentral |date=6 November 2019 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527212134/https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/vitess-earns-vernerable-cncfs-graduate-distinction/2019/11/ |archive-date=2020-05-27 }}</ref>
* Contour: Contour is a management server for Envoy that can direct the management of Kubernetes' traffic. Contour also provides routing features that are more advanced than Kubernetes' out-of-the-box Ingress specification. VMWare contributed the project to CNCF in July 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-27|title=VMware Hands Control of Kubernetes Ingress Project Contour Over to CNCF|url=https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/vmware/vmware-hands-control-kubernetes-ingress-project-contour-over-cncf|access-date=2020-08-03|website=Data Center Knowledge|language=en}}</ref>
* Cortex: Cortex offers horizontally scalable, multi-tenant, long-term storage for Prometheus and works alongside Amazon DynamoDB, Google Bigtable, Cassandra, S3, GCS, and Microsoft Azure. It was introduced into the ecosystem incubator alongside Thanos in August 2020.<ref name="schmidt">{{Cite web|last=Schmidt|first=Julia|date=2020-08-20|title=Prometheus, isn't it? CNCF rounds off community shindig by slipping Thanos and Cortex into incubator • DEVCLASS|url=https://devclass.com/2020/08/20/cncf-incubator-thanos-cortex/|access-date=2020-09-07|website=DEVCLASS|language=en-GB}}</ref>
* CRI-O: CRI-O is an [[Open Container Initiative]] (OCI) based "implementation of Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://landscape.cncf.io/ |title=CNCF Cloud Native Interactive Landscape |website=CNCF Cloud Native Interactive Landscape |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> CRI-O allows Kubernetes to be container runtime-agnostic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/introducing-cri-o-10 |title=Introducing CRI-O 1.0 |website=redhat.com |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> It became an incubating project in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloud-native-computing-foundation-adopts-kubernetes-friendly-container-runtime/ |title=Cloud Native Computing Foundation adopts Kubernetes-friendly container runtime |last=Vaughan-Nichols |first=Steven J. |website=ZDNet |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref>
* gRPC: [[gRPC]] is a "modern open source high performance [[Remote procedure call|RPC]] framework that can run in any environment."<ref name="About gRPC">{{Cite web |url=https://www.grpc.io/about/ |title=About gRPC |website=grpc.io |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> The project was formed in 2015 when Google decided to open source the next version of its RPC infrastructure ("Stubby").<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://opensource.com/bus/15/3/google-grpc-open-source-remote-procedure-calls |title=Google shares gRPC as alternative to REST for microservices |last=Ibanez |first=Luis |date=2015-03-03 |website=Opensource.com |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> The project has a number of early large industry adopters such as [[Square, Inc.]], [[Netflix]], and [[Cisco Systems|Cisco]].<ref name="About gRPC" />
* Keycloak: [[Keycloak|KeyCloak]] is an open-source software product to allow [[single sign-on]] with [[Identity management|identity and access management]] aimed at modern applications and services. Until April 2023, this [[WildFly]] community project was under the stewardship of [[Red Hat]]. In April 2023, Keycloak became a CNCF incubating project.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Keycloak joins CNCF as an incubating project |url=https://www.cncf.io/blog/2023/04/11/keycloak-joins-cncf-as-an-incubating-project/|access-date=2024-05-15|website=CNCF}}</ref>
* KubeEdge: In September 2020, CNCF's Technical Oversight Committee (TOC) announced that KubeEdge was accepted as an incubating project. The project was created at Futurewei (a Huawei partner). KubeEdge's goal is to "make edge devices an extension of the cloud".<ref>{{Cite web|title=CNCF Approves Kubernetes Edge Computing Platform KubeEdge as Incubating Project|url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2020/09/cncf-kubeedge-kubernetes/|access-date=2020-10-19|website=InfoQ|language=en}}</ref>
* Kuma: In June 2020, API management platform Kong announced that it would donate its open-source service mesh control plane technology, called Kuma, to CNCF as a sandbox project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kong donates its Kuma control plane to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/30/kong-donates-its-kuma-control-plane-to-the-cloud-native-computing-foundation/|access-date=2020-07-06|website=TechCrunch|date=30 June 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331021533/https://techcrunch.com/2020/06/30/kong-donates-its-kuma-control-plane-to-the-cloud-native-computing-foundation/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Litmus: In July 2020, MayaData donated Litmus, an open source [[chaos engineering]] tool that runs natively on Kubernetes, to CNCF as a sandbox-level project.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-01|title=MayaData Donates Chaos Engineering Tool for Kubernetes Apps to CNCF|url=https://containerjournal.com/topics/container-ecosystems/mayadata-donates-chaos-engineering-tool-for-kubernetes-apps-to-cncf/|access-date=2020-07-13|website=Container Journal|language=en-US}}</ref>
* NATS: NATS consists of a collection of open source messaging technologies that "implements the publish/subscribe, request/reply and distributed queue patterns to help create a performant and secure method of InterProcess Communication (IPC)."<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cncf.io/blog/2018/03/15/cncf-to-host-nats/ |title=CNCF to Host NATS |last=Evans |first=Kristen |date=2018-03-15 |website=Cloud Native Computing Foundation |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref> It existed independently for a number of years but gained wider reach since becoming a CNCF incubating project.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://itnext.io/getting-started-with-nats-b752cbb17f74 |title=Getting Started With NATS |last=Juggery |first=Luc |date=2019-12-13 |website=Medium |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref>
* Notary: Notary is an open source project that enables widespread trust over arbitrary data collections.<ref>{{Citation |title=Notary is a project that allows anyone to have trust over arbitrary collections of data: theupdateframework/notary |date=2020-01-19 |url=https://github.com/theupdateframework/notary |publisher=The Update Framework (TUF) |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> Notary was released by Docker in 2015 and became a CNCF project in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenewstack.io/cncf-brings-security-cloud-native-stack-notary-tuf-adoption/ |title=CNCF Brings Security to the Cloud Native Stack with Notary, TUF Adoption |date=2017-10-24 |website=The New Stack |language=en-US |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>
* OpenTelemetry: OpenTelemetry is an open source [[Observability (software)|observability]] framework created when CNCF merged the OpenTracing and OpenCensus projects.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://opensource.googleblog.com/2019/05/opentelemetry-merger-of-opencensus-and.html |title=OpenTelemetry: The Merger of OpenCensus and OpenTracing |website=Google Open Source Blog |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> OpenTracing offers "consistent, expressive, vendor-neutral APIs for popular platforms"<ref>{{Citation |last=Gonzalez |first=Brandon |title=Source code for OpenTracing |date=2016-02-29 |url=https://github.com/bg451/opentracing.github.io |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> while the Google-created OpenCensus project acts as a "collection of language-specific libraries for instrumenting an application, collecting stats (metrics), and exporting data to a supported backend."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.datadoghq.com/blog/instrument-opencensus-opentracing-and-openmetrics/ |title=Performance monitoring with OpenTracing, OpenCensus, and OpenMetrics |last=Mooney |first=Mallory |date=2019-02-06 |website=Datadog |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> Under OpenTelemetry, the projects create a "complete telemetry system [that is] suitable for monitoring microservices and other types of modern, distributed systems — and [is] compatible with most major OSS and commercial backends."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medium.com/opentracing/a-roadmap-to-convergence-b074e5815289 |title=A Roadmap to Convergence |last=Young |first=Ted |date=2019-05-21 |website=Medium |language=en |access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref> It is the "second most active" CNCF project.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schmidt|first=Julia|date=2020-10-22|title=Former rivals at OpenTelemetry lock in tracing specification, to focus on metrics next|url=https://devclass.com/2020/10/22/opentelemetry-tracing-spec-rc/|access-date=2020-10-26|website=Devclass|language=en-GB}}</ref> In October 2020, AWS announced the public preview of its [[Software distribution|distro]] for OpenTelemetry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AWS Distro for OpenTelemetry Available for Public Preview|url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2020/10/aws-distro-otel-public-preview/|access-date=2020-11-02|website=InfoQ|language=en}}</ref>
* Thanos: Thanos enables global query views and unlimited retention of metrics. It was designed to be easily addable to Prometheus deployments.<ref name="schmidt" />
== References ==
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