Authenticity and Development Front: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:29, 24 May 2025

Latest revision as of 13:53, 29 August 2025

(18 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)

Line 6:

| image = [[File:ADFlogo2015.png|200px]]

| caption =

| active = November 2012 – present–present<ref name="BBC17Oct">{{Cite news |title=Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003|last=Sinjab|first=Lina|work=BBC|date=17 October 2013|access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref>

| ideology = [[Sunni]] [[Islamism]]<ref name="Lister1" /><ref name="ceip8April">{{cite web|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55275|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154759/http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55275|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 13, 2014|title=The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=8 April 2014|access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref><br />[[Salafism]] (factions)<ref name="ctc270813">{{cite web |url=http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-non-state-militant-landscape-in-syria |title=The Non-State Militant Landscape in Syria |last=Lund |first=Aron |publisher=[[CTC Sentinel]] |date=27 August 2013 |accessdate=22 November 2013 |archive-date=7 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007045801/http://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-non-state-militant-landscape-in-syria |url-status=dead }}</ref>

| clans =

| clans = Unification Army<ref>{{cite web|url=http://civilwaralsham.com/the-northwest/2016/3/29/jaysh-al-tawhid-adf|title=Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232311/http://civilwaralsham.com/the-northwest/2016/3/29/jaysh-al-tawhid-adf|archive-date=2017-08-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />[[Lions of the East Army]] <small>(Former)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.deirezzor24.net/the-authenticity-and-development-front-cuts-all-of-its-ties-with-the-new-syrian-army/ |title=The Authenticity and Development front cuts all of its ties with the New Syrian Army. &#124; en.deirezzor24.net |access-date=2018-09-02 |archive-date=2018-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902084544/http://en.deirezzor24.net/the-authenticity-and-development-front-cuts-all-of-its-ties-with-the-new-syrian-army/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[The White Shroud]]

| leaders = Khalid al-Hamad <ref name=ctc/>

| headquarters =

| area = *[[Aleppo Governorate]]

*[[Hama Governorate]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/03/analysis-insurgents-launch-major-offensive-against-assad-regime-in-hama-province.php|title=Analysis: Insurgents launch major offensive against Assad regime in Hama province - FDD's Long War Journal|website=FDD's Long War Journal|date=24 March 2017}}</ref>

| size = 13,000 (own claim) (2013)<ref name="guide">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24403003 |title=Guide to the Syrian rebels |work=[[BBC]] |date=13 December 2013 |accessdate=16 September 2018 |archive-date=9 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509120306/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24403003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=TAWHID>{{Cite news|title=Fighting in Aleppo, Resisting Geneva: An Interview With the Tawhid Brigade|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54064|access-date=18 August 2025|author=Aron Lund|work=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=2 January 2014}}</ref><br>5,000 (2015)<ref name="Lister1" />

| size = 5,000 (2015)<ref name=ADFFC>{{cite web|url=https://english.iswnews.com/3144/the-most-important-turkish-backed-groups-operating-in-northern-syria/|title=Inforgraphic: The Most Important Turkish-backed Groups Operating in Northern Syria|date=18 September 2018|access-date=23 May 2025|work=Islamic World News}}</ref>

| partof = {{flagicon image|Al-Liwaa.svg}} [[Levant Front]] (2014<ref name=ceip26dec />–15<ref name=disbandenglish>{{Cite news|title=Key Islamist group Shamiya Front resolves itself: source |url=https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/9718.html|access-date=20 April 2015 |publisher=Zaman al-Wasl}}</ref>)<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria).svg}} [[Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)|Mujahideen Shura Council]] (2014–2015) <br />{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Hawar KilisFree OperationsSyrian RoomArmy]] (from 2016)<smallref>(2017{{Cite web|url=https://rfsmediaoffice.com/en/2016/03/22/29498/#.Vyx-present,p_l97IU|title=Free NorthernSyrian AleppoArmy branch– only)Statement|work=RFS Media Office|date=22 March 2016|access-date=6 May 2016|archive-date=11 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611180844/https://rfsmediaoffice.com/en/2016/03/22/29498/#.Vyx-p_l97IU|url-status=dead}}</smallref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/iwr_20161123_free_syrian_army1.pdf|title=The Free Syrian Army: A decentralized insurgent brand|last=Lister|first=Charles|issue=26|date=November 2016|journal=The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World}}</ref><br />{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Syrian National Army]]<ref name="brigades">{{Cite web|url=http://en.suriyegundemi.com/syrian-rebel-brigades-participating-in-the-operation-olive-branch-18-january-2018/|title=Syrian Rebel Brigades Participating in the Operation Olive Branch [18 January 2018]|work=Suriye Gündemi|date=18 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519121822/http://en.suriyegundemi.com/syrian-rebel-brigades-participating-in-the-operation-olive-branch-18-january-2018/ |archive-date=19 May 2018}}</ref><ref name=spiral>{{cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/way-out-russia-and-turkey-idlibs-spiral-violence|title=A way out for Russia and Turkey from Idlib's spiral of violence|work=[[Middle East Institute]]|author=Ömer Özkizilcik|date=1 July 2019}}</ref>

* [[Hawar Kilis Operations Room]] (from 2017)

| predecessor =

| successor =

| allies = {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://links.org.au/gulf-node/3927|title=The Gulf and-islamism-syria- Islamism in Syria: myths- and- misconceptions &#124; Links|website=links.org.au}}</ref><br />{{flag|Turkey}}<br />{{flagicon image|InfoboxHTS.svg}} [[Tahrir al-Sham]]<br />{{flagicon image|Logo of Jaysh al-Islam.jpg}} [[Jaysh al-Islam]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Ahrar ash-Sham.svg}} [[Ahrar al-Sham]]<br />{{flagdeco|Syrian Opposition}} [[Saraya Ahl al-Sham]]

| opponents = {{flagdeco|Syria|1980}} [[Syrian Arab Armed Forces]]<br />{{flag|Iran}}<br />{{flag|Russia}}<br />{{flagicon image|flag of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.svg}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]]<ref name="haidara">{{cite web|url=http://eldorar.com/node/71720|title=ثوار القلمون يطردون تنظيم "الدولة" من مناطق جديدة|work=الدرر الشامية|date=15 March 2015}}</ref><br />{{flagicon image|InfoboxHez.PNG}} [[Hezbollah]]<br />{{flagicon image|PFLP-GC Flag.svg}} [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command|PFLP-GC]]<br />{{flagicon image|Flag of Syrian Democratic Forces.svg}} [[Syrian Democratic Forces]]

| battles = [[Syrian Civil War]]

Line 38 ⟶ 39:

==Background==

The coalition includes [[Islamist]]s, military defectors, and former civilians.<ref name="ceip8April>{{cite web|url=http:"//carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55275|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413154759/http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=55275|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 13, 2014|title=The Mujahedeen Army of Aleppo|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace|date=8 April 2014|access-date=19 May 2014}}</ref><ref name=ceip26dec>{{Cite news|title=The Levant Front: Can Aleppo's Rebels Unite?|url=http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=57605|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226221548/http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=57605|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 26, 2014|date=26 December 2014|access-date=25 February 2015|publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace}}</ref><ref name="saudi">{{cite web|url=http://brown-moses.blogspot.nl/2014/04/the-fighting-in-abu-kamal-albukamal.html|title=The Fighting in Abu Kamal (Albukamal): Background and Analysis|work=Brown Moses Blog|date=12 April 2015|access-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Although the alliance uses [[Syrian independence flag]]s and symbols, it does not identify itself as part of the [[Free Syrian Army]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/14161/the-factions-of-abu-kamal|title=The Factions of Abu Kamal|publisher=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi|date=18 December 2013|access-date=25 February 2015}}</ref> One of the groups involved was the [[Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement]], which was also part of the [[Army of Mujahideen]],<ref name=ceip8April/> though the Army of Mujahideen announced on 4 May 2014 that the Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement had withdrawn from the coalition.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeish al-Mujahideen Charter – Comment and Translation|url=http://gohasnail.wordpress.com/2014/05/05/jeish-al-mujahideen-charter-comment-and-translation/|access-date=19 May 2014|date=4 May 2014|publisher=Goha's Nail}}</ref> The Authenticity and Development Front operated American-made [[BGM-71 TOW]] [[anti-tank missile]]s captured from the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]].<ref name=moderate>{{cite web|url=https://hasanmustafas.wordpress.com/2015/05/08/the-moderate-rebels-a-complete-and-growing-list-of-vetted-groups-fielding-tow-missiles/|title=THE MODERATE REBELS: A GROWING LIST OF VETTED GROUPS FIELDING BGM-71 TOW ANTI-TANK GUIDED MISSILES|work=Hasan Mustafas|date=5 August 2015|access-date=8 August 2017|archive-date=2 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602182613/https://hasanmustafas.wordpress.com/2015/05/08/the-moderate-rebels-a-complete-and-growing-list-of-vetted-groups-fielding-tow-missiles/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Member Groups==

===Current===

*[[The White Shroud]]

* Unification Army <ref>{{cite web|url=http://civilwaralsham.com/the-northwest/2016/3/29/jaysh-al-tawhid-adf|title=Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232311/http://civilwaralsham.com/the-northwest/2016/3/29/jaysh-al-tawhid-adf|archive-date=2017-08-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>

*Army of Tawhid<ref>[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CEfJeg8XIAAM6BN.png Image] twimg.com {{better source|date=March 2024}}</ref>

**Tajamuu Alwiyat al-Iman Billah

Line 60 ⟶ 62:

===Former Groups===

| clans = Unification Army<ref>{{cite web|url=http://civilwaralsham.com/the-northwest/2016/3/29/jaysh-al-tawhid-adf|title=Northern Homs based rebel group joins Authenticity and Development Front|access-date=2017-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807232311/http://civilwaralsham.com/the-northwest/2016/3/29/jaysh-al-tawhid-adf|archive-date=2017-08-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><br />*[[Lions of the East Army]] <small>(Former)</small><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.deirezzor24.net/the-authenticity-and-development-front-cuts-all-of-its-ties-with-the-new-syrian-army/ |title=The Authenticity and Development front cuts all of its ties with the New Syrian Army. &#124; en.deirezzor24.net |access-date=2018-09-02 |archive-date=2018-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902084544/http://en.deirezzor24.net/the-authenticity-and-development-front-cuts-all-of-its-ties-with-the-new-syrian-army/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />[[The White Shroud]]

*[[Lions of the East Army]]

**Liwa Basha’ir al-Nasr<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mesop.de/the-white-shroud-a-syrian-resistance-movement-to-the-islamic-state-by-aymenn-jawad-al-tamimi/|title = Mesopotamische Gesellschaft « the White Shroud: A Syrian Resistance Movement to the Islamic State / By Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi}}</ref>

*[[Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement]]