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{{Short description|Measure of the exposure of a population to some hazard}}
A '''vulnerability index''' is a measure of the exposure of a population to some hazard. Typically, the index is a composite of multiple quantitative indicators that via some formula, delivers a single numerical result. Through such an index "diverse issues can be combined into a standardised framework...making comparisons possible".<ref name=app6>{{Cite web |url=http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/news/events/ccamts/appendix06.pdf |title=The Climate Vulnerability Index:relevance to the Tourism Sector |access-date=2011-06-23 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316102207/http://www.geog.ox.ac.uk/news/events/ccamts/appendix06.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> For instance, indicators from the [[physical sciences]] can be combined with social, medical and even psychological variables to evaluate potential complications for [[disaster planning]].
The origin of vulnerability indexes as a policy planning tool began with the [[United Nations Environmental Program]]. One of the participants in the early task forces has also conducted secondary research documenting the evolution of the analytic tool through various stages. The term and methodology then expanded<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.macchomeless.org/pdf/ResultsFactSheet-Omaha.pdf |title=Homelessness and the Vulnerability Index: A Guide to Registry Week Results in the Omaha Metro Region |access-date=2011-06-24 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326014638/http://www.macchomeless.org/pdf/ResultsFactSheet-Omaha.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> through medical literature and social work as discussed by [[Dr. James O'Connell]] of [[Boston Healthcare for the Homeless]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jedc.org/forms/Vulnerability%20Index.pdf |title=Vulnerability Index: Prioritizing the Street Homeless Population by Mortality Risk |author=Juneau Economic Development Council |date=2009|publisher=Common Ground |access-date=25 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Padgett">
== Basic methodology ==
[[File:Social Vulnerability Index variables grouped into four themes.png|thumb|CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index variables grouped into four themes]]
The basic methodology of constructing a vulnerability index is described by [[University of Malta]] researcher [[Lino Briguglio]] who developed an economic vulnerability index (EVI) for describing the economic vulnerability of [[Small Island Developing States]] (SIDS).<ref name="Pereira">{{cite journal |last1=Pereira |first1=Edwina E. |last2=Steenge |first2=Albert E. |title=Vulnerability and Resilience in the Caribbean Island States; the Role of Connectivity |journal=Networks and Spatial Economics |date=1 September 2022 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=515–540 |doi=10.1007/s11067-021-09533-w |language=en |issn=1572-9427|doi-access=free |pmc=8159251 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Briguglio |first=Lino |date=1992 |title=Preliminary Study on the Construction of an Index for Ranking Countries According to their Economic Vulnerability |journal=UNCTAD/LDC/Misc.4
}}</ref> The individual measures are weighted according to their relative importance. A cumulative score is then generated, typically by adding the weighted values. [[Decision tree]]s can evaluate alternative policy options. Much of the original research has been evaluated by Lino Briguglio and presenters at Oxford, providing a body of secondary source material.
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==Extension of the general concept ==
The [[IPCC]] embraced vulnerability as a key category in 2001.<ref>IMPACTS, ADAPTATION, AND VULNERABILITY/Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the consequences of, and adaptation responses to, climate change.</ref> A 2002 paper then applied a vulnerability indexing model to analysis of vulnerability to [[sea level rise]] for a US coastal community.<ref>[https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/22/c022p255.pdf Vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise: a case study of Cape May County, New Jersey, USA]</ref> At a 2008 [[Capacity Building]] Seminar at Oxford, the "[[Climate Vulnerability Index]]"
==In hazard planning==
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