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==== Cotton classification ====
Cotton classification, or classing, is the process of classifying cotton based on its grade, [[Staple (textiles)|staple length]], and micronaire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cotton Properties |url=https://www.cottoninc.com/quality-products/nonwovens/cotton-fiber-tech-guide/cotton-properties/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=www.cottoninc.com}}</ref> Micronaire is a measure of [[cotton maturity]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.2.1-Cotton Value Addition-Micronaire |url=https://www.cottonguide.org/cotton-guide/cotton-value-addition/micronaire/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=www.cottonguide.org }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Maturity of cotton fibers is measured with single fiber measurement test or by double compression air flow test. It is expressed in percentage or maturity ratio.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Centre |first=International Trade |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHL-DwAAQBAJ&q=the+relative+wall+thickness+(i.e.+the+area+of+the+cell+wall+to+that+of+a+circle+with+the+same+perimeter+as+the+fibre,+or+the+ratio+of+the+cell+wall+thickness+to+the+overall+%E2%80%98diameter%E2%80%99+of+the+fibre) |title=Cotton Exporter's Guide |date=2007-12-31 |publisher=United Nations |isbn=978-92-1-361490-7 |language=en}}</ref>
==== Micronaire ====
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==== Sweating guarded hot plate test ====
The test method evaluates the thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of fabrics, which bear on the garment's comfort.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LINGAAAAYAAJ&q=Sweating+guarded+hot+plate+test+method|title=Occupational Health and Safety ; Protective Clothing|date=2007|publisher=ASTM|isbn=978-0-8031-4412-5|page=346|access-date=2021-07-03|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811104619/https://books.google.com/books?id=LINGAAAAYAAJ&q=Sweating+guarded+hot+plate+test+method|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2006-08-01|title=Sweating guarded hot plate test method|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142941806000523|journal=Polymer Testing|volume=25|issue=5|pages=709–716|doi=10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.03.002|issn=0142-9418|last1=Huang|first1=Jianhua|access-date=2021-07-03|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184404/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142941806000523|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* ISO 11092:2014 (the test for physiological effects — Test for measuring thermal resistance and water-vapor resistance)<ref>{{cite web|title=ISO 11092:2014 |url=https://www.iso.org/cms/render/live/en/sites/isoorg/contents/data/standard/06/59/65962.html|access-date=2021-07-03|website=ISO|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811104649/https://www.iso.org/standard/65962.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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==== Kawabata evaluation system ====
[[Kawabata evaluation system]] measures the mechanical properties of the textiles, such as [[Tension (physics)|tensile strength]], [[Shear stress|shear strength]], surface friction, and roughness, The Kawabata evaluation system predicts human responses and understands the perception of softness. It can also be used to figure out the short-term heat transfer properties that are responsible for the feeling of coolness when fabrics touch the skin while being worn.{{sfn|Allerkamp|2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RNlfJ1CFKoQC&q=kawabata+evaluation+system&pg=PA53 53]}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Harwood |first1=R. J. |last2=Weedall |first2=P. J. |last3=Carr |first3=C. |date=1990 |title=The use of the Kawabata Evaluation System for product development and quality control |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb01244.x |url-status=live |journal=Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=64–68 |doi=10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb01244.x |issn=1478-4408 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182901/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1990.tb01244.x |archive-date=2021-07-09 |access-date=2021-07-03|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
== Mechanical testing ==
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=== Bending Length Measurements ===
For nonwovens, ISO 9073-7 (1995)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 9073-7:1995 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/16657.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=International Organization for Standardization |language=en}}</ref> can be employed to gauge both bending length and flexural rigidity. In this, one end of a rectangular strip of fabric is supported with a ruler, while the other end hangs freely. Length of the material that will bend under its own weight to a specific extent is expressed as bending length. It provides a measure of the drapability of the fabric, whereas, flexural rigidity provides a measure of the stiffness of the fabric.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 1959 |title=Tentative Textile Standard No. 60. Method of Test for the Determination of Stiffness of Cloth |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19447015908664338 |journal=Journal of the Textile Institute Proceedings |language=en |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=P772–P775 |doi=10.1080/19447015908664338 |issn=1944-7019|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
=== Tear Strength ===
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