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A [[Technical University of Munich]] hyperloop set a speed record of {{cvt|463|km/h|mph|0}} in July 2019<ref name=brde20210521/><ref name=verge20190722/> at the [[Hyperloop pod competition|pod design competition]] hosted by SpaceX in [[Hawthorne, California|Hawthorne]], California.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Etherington |first1=Darrell |title=Here's a first look at the SpaceX Hyperloop test track |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/02/heres-a-first-look-at-the-spacex-hyperloop-test-track/ |publisher=TechCrunch |date=2 September 2016 |access-date=25 November 2016 |archive-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915205721/https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/02/heres-a-first-look-at-the-spacex-hyperloop-test-track/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Virgin Hyperloop]] conducted the first human trial in November 2020 at its test site in [[Las Vegas]], reaching a top speed of {{cvt|107|mph|km/h|0|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/nov/09/first-passengers-travel-in-virgins-levitating-hyperloop-pod-system |title=First passengers travel in Virgin's levitating hyperloop pod system |work=The Guardian |date=9 November 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110032806/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/nov/09/first-passengers-travel-in-virgins-levitating-hyperloop-pod-system |url-status=live}}</ref> Swisspod Technologies unveiled a 1:12 scale testing facility in a circular shape to simulate an "infinite" hyperloop trajectory in July 2021 on the EPFL campus at [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]].<ref name="epfl.ch"/> In 2023, a new European effort to standardize "hyperloop systems" released a draft standard.<ref name=cencenelec202301/>
[[Hyperloop One]], one of the best
==History==
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[[File:Hyperloop.jpg|thumb|A 3D sketch of potential Hyperloop infrastructure. The steel tubes are rendered transparent in this image.]]
The much-older [[vactrain]] concept resembles a [[high-speed rail]] system without substantial [[Drag (physics)|air resistance]] by employing [[maglev|magnetically levitating]] trains in [[vacuum|evacuated]] (airless) or partly evacuated tubes
===Initial design concept===
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|U.S.
|2016
|Defunct (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Kane|first=Sean|date=December 14, 2018|title=Hyperloop startup Arrivo is shutting down as workers are laid off|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/14/18128848/hyperloop-arrivo-furloughs-layoffs-money-trouble|url-status=live|website=[[The Verge]]|access-date=25 March 2019|archive-date=25 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325075632/https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/14/18128848/hyperloop-arrivo-furloughs-layoffs-money-trouble}}</ref>
|Ended hyperloop development in November 2017 in favor of [[maglev]] transportation. Shut down in 2018.
|-
|
|India
|2015
|Active
|<ref>{{cite web |title=DGWHyperloop - India's Own Hyperloop |url=https://www.dgwhyperloop.in/ |website=www.dgwhyperloop.in |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-
|Hardt Hyperloop
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|2016
|Active
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Hardt Hyperloop |url=https://www.hardt.global/ |website=Hardt Hyperloop |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-
|Hyperloop Italia
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|2020
|Active
||Subsidiary of [[Hyperloop Transportation Technologies]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop Italia - Una nuova frontiera per la mobilità |url=https://hyperloopitalia.com/ |website=Hyperloop Italia |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-style="background-color:#CCC;
|[[Hyperloop One]]
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|2014
|Shut down (2023)
|Ended development of passenger travel in February 2022 to focus on freight.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-hyperloop-layoffs-passenger-travel-cargo-transport-2022-2 |title=Virgin Hyperloop lays off half of its employees as it pivots away from passenger travel |first=Yoonji |last=Han |work=Business Insider |___location=US |date=22 February 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520091152/https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-hyperloop-layoffs-passenger-travel-cargo-transport-2022-2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Shut down in December 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Kane |first=Sean |date=21 December 2023 |title=Hyperloop One is reportedly shutting down |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/12/21/hyperloop-one-shutting-down/ |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hyperloop Transportation Technologies]]
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|2013
|Active
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Hyperloop Transportation Technologies |url=https://www.hyperlooptt.com/ |website=HyperloopTT |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-style="background-color:#CCC;
|[[Nevomo]]
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|2019
|Active
||<ref>{{cite web |title=Swisspod Our Story |url=https://www.swisspod.com/our-journey |website=www.swisspod.com |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-
|[[TransPod]]
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|2015
|Active
|<ref>{{cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://www.transpod.com/ |website=TransPod |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-
|Zeleros
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|2016
|Active
||<ref>{{cite web |title=Zeleros Hyperloop - Welcome to the future of transportation |url=https://zeleros.com/ |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|-
|TuTr Hyperloop
|India
|2022
|Active
||<ref>{{cite web |title=TuTr Hyperloop - Welcome to the TuTr Hyperloop |url=https://tutr.tech/ |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>{{primary inline|date=August 2025}}
|}
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* [[Swissmetro]] was a proposal to run a maglev train in a low-pressure environment. Concessions were granted to Swissmetro in the early 2000s to connect the Swiss cities of St. Gallen, Zurich, Basel, and Geneva. Studies of commercial feasibility reached differing conclusions and the vactrain was never built.<ref name="swissmetro"/>
* [[ET3 Global Alliance]] (ET3) was founded by Daryl Oster in 1997 with the goal of establishing a global transportation system using passenger capsules in frictionless [[magnetic levitation|maglev]] full-vacuum tubes. Oster received interest from Elon Musk potentially investing in a {{convert|3|mi|km|0|adj=on}} prototype of ET3's proposed design.<ref name="denver20130809"/><ref name="futurist20131030"/>{{update after|2015|6|17}}
* In 2003 [[Franco Cotana]] led the development of Pipenet, with a {{convert|100|m|yd|abbr=on
* In August 2010, a vacuum-based maglev train able to move at {{convert|1000|km/h|mph|abbr=on|order=flip|round=50}} was proposed for China, projected to cost {{CNY|10–20 million|link=yes}} ({{US$|2.95 million}} at the August 2010 exchange rate) more per kilometer than regular high-speed rail.<ref name="engadgetsumohurd20100804"/> In 2018, a short {{convert|45|m|yd|abbr=on}} loop test track was completed to test some parts of the technology.<ref>{{cite news |title=China testing super-maglev train that runs at 1,000 km/h |url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0311/c90000-9435653.html |access-date=2021-08-26 |publisher=People's Daily Online |date=11 March 2018 |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024003226/http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0311/c90000-9435653.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
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