Density-based clustering validation: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Metric of clustering solutions quality}}
 
[[File:DBCV clustering evaluation.png|thumb|500px|In each graph, an increasing level of noise is introduced to the initial data, which consist of two well-defined semicircles. As the noise increases and thus the overlap between the two groups, the value of the DBCV index progressively decreases. Image released under MIT license.<ref name = felsiq>GitHub.
{{Orphan|date=June 2025}}
[[File:DBCV clustering evaluation.png|thumb|500px|In each graph, an increasing level of noise is introduced to the initial data, which consist of two well-defined semicircles. As the noise increases and thus the overlap between the two groups, the value of the DBCV index progressively decreases.Image released under MIT license.<ref name = felsiq>GitHub.
FelSiq/DBCV Fast Density-Based Clustering Validation (DBCV) Python
package -- https://github.com/FelSiq/DBCV</ref>]]
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This metric was introduced in 2014 by David Moulavi and colleagues in their work.<ref name = Moulavi>{{Citation
| last last1 = Moulavi
| first first1 = DavoudDavid
| last2 = Jaskowiak
| first2 = Pablo A.
| last3 = Campello
| first3 = Ricardo J. G. B.
| last4 = Zimek
| first4 = Arthur
| last5 = Sander
| first5 = Jörg
| chapter = Density-Based Clustering Validation
| year = 2014
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}}</ref> It utilizes density connectivity principles to quantify clustering structures, making it especially effective at detecting arbitrarily shaped clusters in concave datasets, where traditional metrics may be less reliable.
 
The DBCV index has been employed infor bioinformaticsclustering analysis in bioinformatics,<ref name="Di Giovanni">{{Citation
| last= Di Giovanni
| first= Daniele
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| pmid= 36833240
| pmc= 9956345
}}</ref> ecology analysis,<ref name="Poutaraud">{{Citation
| last= Poutaraud
| first= Joachim
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| publisher = Elsevier
| doi = 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102687
| doi-access= free
| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954124002292
}}</ref> techno-economic analysiseconomy,<ref name="Shim">{{Citation
| last= Shim
| first= Jaehyun
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| bibcode= 2022ECM...27416411S
| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S019689042201189X
| url-access= subscription
}}</ref> and health informatics analysis<ref name="Martinez">{{Citation
| last= Martínez
| first= Rubén Yáñez
| year= 2023
| title= Spanish Corpora of tweets about COVID-19 vaccination for automatic stance detection
| journal = Information Processing \& Management
| volume= 60
| issue= 3
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| publisher = Elsevier
| doi = 10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103294
| doi-access= free
| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306457323000316
}}</ref>
}}</ref> as well as in numerous other fields<ref name=Beer">{{cite arXiv |mode=cs2
<ref>{{cite journal |
author= Chicco D. |
author2= Oneto L. |
author3= Cangelosi D. |
title = DBSCAN and DBCV application to open medical records heterogeneous data for identifying clinically significant clusters of patients with neuroblastoma |
journal = BioData Mining |
volume = 18 |
issue = 40 |
date = 2025 |
page = 1-17 |
doi = 10.1186/s13040-025-00455-8 |
doi-access=free|
pmc = 12164137 }}</ref>, as well as in numerous other fields.<ref name="Beer">{{cite arXiv |mode=cs2
| last= Beer
| first= Anna
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| doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_605
| url = https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39940-9_605
| url-access= subscription
}}</ref> Two points within the same cluster are considered density-connected if there exists a sequence of intermediate points linking them, where each consecutive pair meets a predefined density criterion. The '''density-based distance''' between two points is determined by identifying the optimal path that minimizes the maximum local reachability distance along its trajectory.
 
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== Explanation ==
 
DBCV index values range between -1−1 and +1:
 
* +1: Strongly cohesive and well-separated clusters.
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* −1: Poorly formed clusters or incorrect assignments.
 
By leveraging density-based distances instead of traditional [[Euclidean distance|Euclidean measures]], DBCV index provides a more robust evaluation of clustering performance in datasets with irregular or non-spherical distributions.<ref name = Moulavi />
.
 
== ImplementationsReferences ==
*{{Citation
| last1 = Moulavi
| first1 = David
| last2 = Jaskowiak
| first2 = Pablo A.
| last3 = Campello
| first3 = Ricardo J. G. B.
| last4 = Zimek
| first4 = Arthur
| last5 = Sander
| first5 = Jörg
| chapter = Density-based clustering validation
| year = 2014
| title = Proceedings of the 2014 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining
| doi = 10.1137/1.9781611973440.96
| pages = 839–847
| publisher = SIAM
| isbn = 978-1-61197-344-0
| url = https://www.dbs.ifi.lmu.de/~zimek/publications/SDM2014/DBCV.pdf
| doi-access=free
}}
 
*{{Citation
* Python DBCV Implementation by Christopher Jennes<ref>{{cite web | url=https://github.com/christopherjenness/DBCV | title=Christopherjenness/DBCV | website=[[GitHub]] }}</ref>
| last1 = Chicco
* Python DBCV Implementation by Felipe Silva<ref>{{cite web | url=https://github.com/FelSiq/DBCV | title=FelSiq/DBCV | website=[[GitHub]] }}</ref>
| first1 = Davide
* R DBCV Implementation<ref>{{cite web | url=https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.DBCVindex | doi=10.32614/CRAN.package.DBCVindex | title=DBCVindex: Calculates the Density-Based Clustering Validation (DBCV) Index | date=2024 | last1=Jaskowiak | first1=Pablo Andretta }}</ref>
| last2 = Sabino
| first2 = Giuseppe
| last3 = Oneto
| first3 = Luca
| last4 = Jurman
| first4 = Giuseppe
| chapter = The DBCV index is more informative than DCSI, CDbw, and VIASCKDE indices for unsupervised clustering internal assessment of concave-shaped and density-based clusters
| year = 2025
| title = PeerJ Computer Science
| doi = 10.7717/peerj-cs.3095
| pages = 1-37
| publisher = PeerJ Inc.
| url = https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3095
| doi-access=free
}}
 
== Implementations ==
* [https://github.com/FelSiq/DBCV Python DBCV Implementation by Felipe Alves Siqueira]
* [https://doi.org/10.32614/cran.package.dbcvindex R DBCV Implementation by Pablo Andretta Jaskowiak]
 
== See also ==
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== References ==
<references/>
 
{{Machine learning evaluation metrics}}
 
[[Category:Cluster analysis]]