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On the [[social news site]] [[Reddit]], some communities (known as ''[[subreddits]]'' or ''subs'') are centred around [[Sexually explicit content|explicit]], [[Graphic violence|violent]], [[Propaganda|propagandist]], or [[Online hate speech|hateful]] material. Many such subreddits have been the topic of controversy, at times receiving significant media coverage. [[Journalist]]s, [[Attorney at law|attorney]]s, [[Media studies|media researcher]]s, and others have commented that such communities shape and promote [[bias]]ed views of [[International relations|international politics]], the veracity of [[evidence-based medicine]], [[Misogyny|misogynistic]] rhetoric, and other socially disruptive concepts.
Contrary to popular opinion as well as previous staff practices and statements, the founders of Reddit have stated they did not intend the platform to be a "bastion of [[free speech]]", where
Eventually, Reddit administrators instituted usage rules to allow for the banning of groups and members who stole or [[doxing|exposed personal information or images]] or promoted illegal activity, violence, [[Online shaming|shaming]], [[Racism|race]] or [[Gender-related violence|gender-based hatred]], [[Online harassment|harassment]], or [[extremist]] speech. Nevertheless, there remain various active and heavily-trafficked subreddits which skirt the edges of the rules.
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{{proper name|r/European}} was a [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[White nationalism|white nationalist]] subreddit focused on news relating to [[Europe]]. It was founded in 2013 after {{proper name|r/europe}} banned [[hate speech]]. Its users often promoted anti-Semitic, Islamophobic, and racist content, and an informal survey showed that 17% of the sub's users openly identified as [[Nazi]]s.<ref name="vice-subs"/><ref name="fivethreeeight">{{cite web|last=Martin |first=Trevor |title=Dissecting Trump's Most Rabid Online Following |website=FiveThirtyEight |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/dissecting-trumps-most-rabid-online-following/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824195602/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/dissecting-trumps-most-rabid-online-following/ |archive-date=August 24, 2022|date=March 23, 2017 |access-date=September 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="vox-european">{{cite web|last=Romano |first=Aja |title=Reddit's biggest Trump community is fracturing over right-wing extremism |url=https://www.vox.com/2016/5/21/11701482/donald-trump-subreddit-drama-europeans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920062137/https://www.vox.com/2016/5/21/11701482/donald-trump-subreddit-drama-europeans |website=Vox |archive-date=September 20, 2021 |date=May 21, 2016 |access-date= September 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> The sub was set to private by its moderators, and in 2016 it was quarantined by the sitewide administrative staff in response to a post where a user bragged about [[assault]]ing a Muslim [[refugee]]. The users subsequently migrated to r/The_Donald, and then to {{proper name|r/Mr_Trump}} following a dispute with r/The_Donald's moderators.<ref name="vox-european"/> Reddit banned {{proper name|r/European}} on March 12, 2018, for violating its content policies.<ref name="albawaba">{{cite web|title=Reddit Bans Racist and Islamophobic Subreddits |website=[[Al Bawaba]] |url=https://www.albawaba.com/loop/reddit-bans-racist-and-islamophobic-subreddits-1101936 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004165458/https://www.albawaba.com/loop/reddit-bans-racist-and-islamophobic-subreddits-1101936 |archive-date=October 4, 2019 |date=March 13, 2018 |access-date= September 4, 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
r/Efilism was a subreddit centered around the philosophy of '''EFILism''' (life spelled backwards), a radical extension of antinatalism that views all life as inherently harmful due to the suffering embedded in biological existence. Members discussed topics such as the ethics of reproduction, ecological extinction, and pessimistic takes on consciousness, often citing the ideas of controversial online figures such as Inmendham. The subreddit was ultimately banned on May 18, 2025 after being found in violation of Reddit's self-harm polices.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Reddit bans an anti-natalist group after Palm Springs explosion |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/reddit-bans-anti-natalists-palm-springs-explosion-rcna207677 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-19 |title=Was ‘efilism’ the extreme ideology behind the Palm Springs fertility clinic bombing? |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/palm-springs-fertility-clinic-bombing-efilism-b2753937.html |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref>
=== FatPeopleHate ===
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{{Further|Men Going Their Own Way}}
{{proper name|r/MGTOW}} was a subreddit for [[Men Going Their Own Way]], an [[anti-feminist]], [[Misogyny|misogynistic]], mostly [[online community]] advocating for men to [[Male separatism|separate]] themselves from women. It also advocates separation from society, which they believe feminism has corrupted.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wright |first1=Scott |last2=Trott |first2=Verity |last3=Jones |first3=Callum |date=2020 |title='The pussy ain't worth it, bro': assessing the discourse and structure of MGTOW |journal=[[Information, Communication & Society]] |volume=23 |issue=6 |pages=908–925 |doi=10.1080/1369118X.2020.1751867 |s2cid=219023052 |issn=1369-118X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lin |first=Jie Liang |title=Digital Environments: Ethnographic Perspectives Across Global Online and Offline Spaces |publisher=Transcript Verlag |year=2017 |isbn=978-3-8376-3497-6 |editor-last=Frömming |editor-first=Urte Undine |series=Edition Medienwissenschaft |pages=77–96 |chapter=Antifeminism Online: MGTOW (Men Going Their Own Way) |jstor=j.ctv1xxrxw.9 |jstor-access=free |editor-last2=Köhn |editor-first2=Steffen |editor-last3=Fox |editor-first3=Samantha |editor-last4=Terry |editor-first4=Mike}}</ref> In January 2020, a group of researchers published a [[preprint]] of an analysis of the [[manosphere]], which listed {{proper name|r/MGTOW}} among a group of growing online communities involved in "online harassment and real-world violence".<ref name="Ribeiro 2021">{{Cite conference |last1=Ribeiro |first1=Manoel Horta |last2=Blackburn |last3=Bradlyn |first3=Barry |first2=Jeremy |last4=De Cristofaro |first4=Emiliano |last5=Stringhini |first5=Gianluca |last6=Long |first6=Summer |last7=Greenberg |first7=Stephanie |last8=Zannettou |first8=Savvas |display-authors=3 |title=The Evolution of the Manosphere Across the Web |book-title=Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media |date=2021 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=196–207 |isbn=978-1-57735-869-5 |url=https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/18053/17856 |doi=10.1609/icwsm.v15i1.18053 |doi-access=free |issn=2334-0770 |publisher=Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence |___location=Palo Alto, Calif. |arxiv=2001.07600v5}}</ref> Reddit quarantined the subreddit shortly afterward.<ref name="Basu 2020">{{cite web |last=Basu |first=Tanya |title=The 'manosphere' is getting more toxic as angry men join the incels |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/02/07/349052/the-manosphere-is-getting-more-toxic-as-angry-men-join-the-incels/ |website=[[MIT Technology Review]] |date=February 7, 2020 |url-access=limited}}</ref> In August 2021, Reddit banned the subreddit for violating its policies prohibiting content that "incites violence or promotes hate based on identity or vulnerability".<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Thalen |first=Mikael |date=August 3, 2021 |title=Reddit bans notorious anti-feminist subreddit 'Men Going Their Own Way' |url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/mgtow-subreddit-banned/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 4, 2021 |website=[[The Daily Dot]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803211133/https://www.dailydot.com/debug/mgtow-subreddit-banned/ |archive-date=August 3, 2021 }}</ref>
=== MillionDollarExtreme ===
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=== Physical_Removal ===
Members of {{proper name|r/Physical_Removal}} advocated for the forced [[deportation]] or physical removal of political [[leftists]] from the United States. Its name references a quote by [[Anarcho-capitalism|right-wing libertarian]] [[Philosophy|philosopher]] [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe]], who wrote: "There can be no [[Toleration|tolerance]] toward [[democracy|democrats]] and [[Communism|communists]] in a [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] [[social order]]. They will have to be physically [[Ostracism|separated and removed from society]]".
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=== BlackPeopleTwitter ===
On April 1, 2019, {{proper name|r/BlackPeopleTwitter}} began requiring users to prove they were [[Black people|Black]]—by sending a photo with their forearm and their Reddit username—before allowing them to post comments. The moderators described this action as an [[April Fools' Day]] prank, albeit one with a "very real reason".<ref name="BlackPeopleTwitter">{{cite web |date=April 3, 2019 |title=/r/BlackPeopleTwitter is open to everyone again |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/BlackPeopleTwitter/comments/b93w1j/rblackpeopletwitter_is_open_to_everyone_again/ |access-date=May 7, 2021 |website=/r/BlackPeopleTwitter}}</ref><!-- Reddit used as primary source for moderators' statement --> The April Fools' prank lasted only a few days, but the moderators now limit some contentious threads to a "[[country club]]" consisting of verified [[Person of color|people of color]] and [[white people]] who complete an application process that includes writing "about what [[white privilege]] means to them". Additionally, verified Black commenters (but not other people of color) receive a check mark next to their username.<ref name="Harmon Oct 2019">{{Cite news |last=Harmon |first=Amy |date=October 8, 2019 |title=Discussing Blackness on Reddit? Photograph Your Forearm First |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/08/us/reddit-race-black-people-twitter.html |access-date=May 8, 2021 |issn=0362-4331 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Harmon Nov 2019">{{cite news |title=Prove You're Not White: For an Article About Race-Verification on Reddit, I Had an Unusual Request |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/08/reader-center/08insider-reddit-race-black-people-twitter-reporting.html |work=The New York Times |last1=Harmon |first1=Amy |date=November 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009014624/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/08/reader-center/08insider-reddit-race-black-people-twitter-reporting.html |archive-date=October 9, 2019 |url-status=live |url-access=limited}}</ref> Like its sister subreddit, r/WhitePeopleTwitter, it mainly sources their posts from a specific racial group, which unlike its sister subreddit, r/WhitePeopleTwitter, involves specifically black people's posts.
=== FemaleDatingStrategy ===
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=== KotakuInAction ===
{{proper name|r/KotakuInAction}} was one of the main online hubs for participants in the misogynistic harassment campaign known as [[Gamergate (harassment campaign)|Gamergate]].<ref name="Peckford">{{cite journal |last=Peckford |first=Ashley |title=Right Wing Extremism in a Video Game Community? A Qualitative Content Analysis Exploring the Discourse of the Reddit GamerGate Community r/KotakuInAction. |journal=A Closer Look in Unusual Times: Criminological Perspectives from Crim 862 |date=2020 |pages=65–81 |url=https://www.sfu.ca/~palys/ACloserLookInUnusualTimes-2020-HR.pdf#page=71}}</ref><ref name="Binder 2018">{{cite web |last1=Binder |first1=Matt |title=It's Reddit's turn: The 'front page of the internet' should be next to face Congress |url=https://mashable.com/article/reddit-case-for-congressional-hearings/ |website=Mashable |date=September 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312232538/https://mashable.com/article/reddit-case-for-congressional-hearings/ |archive-date=March 12, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Massanari 2018">{{cite journal |first1=Adrienne L. |last1=Massanari |first2=Shira |last2=Chess |title=Attack of the 50-foot social justice warrior: the discursive construction of SJW memes as the monstrous feminine |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2018.1447333 |journal=Feminist Media Studies |date=July 4, 2018 |issn=1468-0777 |pages=525–542 |volume=18 |issue=4 |doi=10.1080/14680777.2018.1447333 |s2cid=149070172|url-access=subscription }}</ref> When users join r/KotakuInAction, they are warned that they will be banned from other subreddits, including {{proper name|r/OffMyChest}} (where users express opinions and share personal thoughts); {{proper name|r/NaturalHair}}; and {{proper name|r/Rape}} (a support forum for rape survivors that was [[Online harassment|brigaded]] by {{proper name|r/KotakuInAction}} users).<ref name="Dale 2015">{{cite web |last1=Dale |first1=Brady |title=Posting on GamerGate's Subreddit Gets Users Automatically Banned on Others |url=http://observer.com/2015/10/posting-on-gamergates-subreddit-automatically-get-users-banned-on-others/ |work=[[The New York Observer|Observer]] |date=October 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160124113131/http://observer.com/2015/10/posting-on-gamergates-subreddit-automatically-get-users-banned-on-others/ |archive-date=January 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
''[[BuzzFeed News|BuzzFeed]]''{{'}}s Joseph Bernstein reported that many of r/KotakuInAction's moderators also moderate other subreddits "devoted to either the physical and emotional degradation and humiliation of women, or in subreddits devoted to mocking and delegitimizing the arguments and appearances of feminists and '[[social justice warrior]]s{{'"}}.<ref name="Bernstein 2014">{{cite web |last=Bernstein |first=Joseph |title=The Disturbing Misogynist History Of GamerGate's Goodwill Ambassadors |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/josephbernstein/the-disturbing-misogynist-history-of-gamergates-g |work=Buzzfeed News |date=October 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920120618/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/josephbernstein/the-disturbing-misogynist-history-of-gamergates-g |archive-date=September 20, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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On August 17, 2022, Reddit banned {{proper name|r/PiratedGames}}, which focused specifically on [[Online piracy|pirated video games]] and was among the largest piracy-related subreddits with over 300,000 subscribers. Though the subreddit explicitly prohibited sharing pirated content, it was banned for excessive DMCA claims. Following an appeal from the moderators, it was restored the next day.<ref name="TorrentFreak">{{cite news |last=Van der Sar |first=Ernesto |date=18 August 2022 |title=Reddit Bans '/r/PiratedGames' for Excessive Copyright Claims (Updated) |url=https://torrentfreak.com/reddit-bans-r-piratedgames-for-excessive-copyright-claims-220818/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=TorrentFreak}}</ref> In several articles, ''[[TorrentFreak]]'' said the ban was part of Reddit's increasing crackdown on copyright infringement, noting that the year prior around 2,625 subreddits had been banned for similar reasons, and that DMCA takedowns on Reddit had increased by over 15,000% in the past five years.<ref name="TorrentFreak"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Maxwell |first=Andy |date=23 February 2022 |title=Reddit Banned 2,625 Subreddits For Excessive Copyright Infringement in 2021 |url=https://torrentfreak.com/reddit-banned-2625-subreddits-for-excessive-copyright-infringement-in-2021-220223/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=TorrentFreak}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Van der Sar |first=Ernesto |date=21 August 2022 |title=Reddit's DMCA Removals Surged 15,000% in Five Years |url=https://torrentfreak.com/reddits-dmca-removals-surged-15000-in-five-years-220821/ |access-date=23 August 2022 |work=TorrentFreak}}</ref>
▲=== Portugueses ===
=== Russia ===
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=== WhitePeopleTwitter ===
{{proper name|r/WhitePeopleTwitter}} is a
==== Temporary ban ====
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On February 3, 2025, r/WhitePeopleTwitter was temporarily banned for 72 hours by site administrators. A Reddit spokesperson stated that the ban was due to "a prevalence of violent content", adding that "Inciting and glorifying violence or doxing are against Reddit’s platform-wide Rules."<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Karissa |date=2025-02-04 |title=Reddit temporarily bans r/WhitePeopleTwitter after Elon Musk claimed it had 'broken the law' |url=https://www.engadget.com/social-media/reddit-temporarily-bans-rwhitepeopletwitter-after-elon-musk-claimed-it-had-broken-the-law-212131945.html |access-date=2025-02-06 |website=[[Engadget]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Gerken |first=Tom |date=2025-02-05 |title=Reddit community banned as user spat with Musk intensifies |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czrlep5xpmzo |url-status=live |work=[[BBC News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206013108/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czrlep5xpmzo|archive-date=2025-02-06}}</ref>
The ban came about after an X user, @RedditLies, posted a screenshot of comments on the subreddit about the [[Department of Government Efficiency|Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE)]] and its leader at the time, [[Elon Musk]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Odisho |first=Taylor |date=2025-02-04 |title=Reddit Bans Page for 'Inciting Violence' Against DOGE Employees After Elon Musk Accuses Users of Breaking the Law |url=https://www.latintimes.com/reddit-bans-page-inciting-violence-against-doge-employees-after-elon-musk-accuses-users-574568 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Latin Times |language=en}}</ref> The screenshot included comments such as "time to hunt", "this [[Nazism|Nazi]] stooge needs to be shot", and threats to drag the employees' bodies. Musk noticed the X post of the various comments and quoted it, stating, "They have broken the law".<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" />
== Free speech rationale ==
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