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{{Infobox Wrestler
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|name=Stacy Keibler
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|image=Stacy_Keibler.jpg<!---Only freely-licensed images may be used to depict living people. Please see [[WP:FU]] before changing the image here.--->
{{facfailed}}
|img_capt=
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|names=Nitro Girl Skye<br>Miss Hancock<br>Stacy Keibler<br>Super Stacy<br />
{{GA}}
|real height=6 ft 2 in
{{FAOL|Swedish|sv:Digerdöden}}
[http://www.playboy.com/sex/d12/stacykeibler/02.html]
{{WPCD}}
|real weight=130 lb
{{assessed|Natural disasters|[[20 February]] [[2006]]}}
|height=5 ft 11 in (180 cm)
{{V0.5|class=GA|category=History}}
|weight=125 lbs (57 kg)
{{MedportalSA}}
|birth_date={{birth date and age|year=1979|month=10|day=14}}
|death_date=
|birth_place=[[Baltimore, Maryland]]
|resides=[[Los Angeles, California]]
|billed=
|trainer=[[WCW Power Plant]]<br />[[Debra Miceli|Madusa]]<br />[[Dave Finlay|Fit Finlay]]<br />[[Nora Greenwald|Molly Holly]]
|debut=[[September 1999]]
|}}
 
'''Stacy Ann-Marie Keibler''' (born [[October 14]], [[1979]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[actor|actress]], former [[professional wrestler]] and [[manager (professional wrestling)|manager]] for [[World Championship Wrestling]] and [[World Wrestling Entertainment]].
==Positive spin?==
What would have been the benifit of such an occurance? There has to be one theory of why it was benificial (even if the harms out weigh it).
 
==Early life==
-G
Born the only child of Gary and Patricia Keibler and raised in [[Rosedale, Maryland]], a community within [[Baltimore County, Maryland|Baltimore County]], Stacy started dancing at the age of three and studied [[ballet]], [[jazz dance|jazz]] and [[tap dance|tap]] at a local studio, Jean Kettell Studio of Dance, in [[Dundalk, Maryland|Dundalk]]. Keibler attended Catholic High and [[Towson University]], earning near-perfect grades in [[Mass communication|Mass Communication]]{{Fact|date=March 2007}} at the latter. She later became a [[NFL Cheerleading|cheerleader]] for the [[Baltimore Ravens]] [[American football|football]] team, being the youngest of the group.
 
==Career==
:The vast reduction of people improved quality of life for the commoners. Their work became more valuable, fewer working-class citizens meant decreased supplies. Fewer at the table leaves more to go around. [[Black_Death#Socio-economic_effects]] --[[User:Klhuillier|Kevin L&#39;Huillier]] 14:03, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
===World Championship Wrestling===
In 1999, Keibler entered a contest held by [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] to find a new member of [[Nitro Girls]] dance troupe, which she won. Initially a Nitro Girl, Keibler would perform dance routines every week on WCW's flagship show Monday Nitro under the name '''Skye'''. However, this didn't last long as she soon accepted a larger role and became a [[manager (professional wrestling)|valet]] using the provocative [[stage name]] '''Miss Hancock''' (originally Miss Handcock), briefly serving as an associate for the [[tag team]] of [[Leonard Carlson|Lenny Lane]] and [[Brad Cain|Lodi]] dubbed "Standards and Practices". Despite wearing [[Suit (clothes)|business suits]], her character would often climb on top of the announcers table and start dancing sensually, much to the announcers' and fans' delight. It was also during this period that she began using what would become her trademark ring entrance. [[Image:StacyEntrance1.jpg|frame|left|Keibler's trademark Ring Entrance]] At 5' 11", Keibler was one of few women in professional wrestling tall enough to step over the middle of three ropes that surround the ring. She would do so while pausing momentarily to give the audience a peek of her famed "assets," as her ring attire usually included either hotpants or a miniskirt with a skimpy [[thong]] ([[G-string]]). This tease, among others, would remain a staple of Keibler's risque gimmick throughout the rest of her professional wrestling career.
After Standards and Practices "fired" her, Keibler went on to become the manager for Los Fabulosos, a Latin American tag team consisting of [[César González|Silver King]] and [[El Dandy]], leading them to their first major victories within WCW.
 
For a brief period, she dated [[David Flair]] (both on screen and off), who was already involved in a faux relationship with [[Shannon Spruill|Daffney]]. This led to Keibler's in-ring debut at the Bash at the Beach in a Wedding Gown Match, which she lost after she, as well as David Flair and the referee, were left in the ring in their underwear. Keibler removed her own gown.
==historians==
Still, the majority of historians support the theory that the bubonic plague caused the black death, so counterarguments have been developed.
:Shouldn't it be the other way round? The fact that counterarguments exist is surely why historians still support the other theory.[[User:Furby100|Furby100]] 21:44, 15 April 2006 (UTC)
 
Hancock was next brought into a brief feud with [[Kimberly Page]], but Page quit the company at the beginning of the feud after problems with [[Scott Steiner]] and a refusal to wrestle Keibler on Pay-Per View.
== On some ships no one remained alive when they reached their port==
:How do you get a ship into a port without anyone alive to do it? [[User:Jackliddle|Jackliddle]] 01:14, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 
Keibler and Flair began a feud with the Misfits in Action [[stable (professional wrestling)|stable]], which saw her fall to [[Tylene Buck|Major Gunns]] in a mud wrestling match at [[New Blood Rising]].
==Black Death vs. Bubonic plague==
For a discussion on why [[Black Death]] exists as a separate article from [[Bubonic plague]], see [[Talk:Bubonic plague]].
 
In another notable angle, Keibler feigned pregnancy and later broke up with Flair. Originally, the angle called for her to reveal the baby's father as [[Vince Russo]]. She began to use her real name and became the valet for [[Shawn Stasiak]].
[[User:Kevyn|Kevyn]] 06:11, 6 Aug 2004 (UTC)
I chose the black death for my senior research paper in 12th grade english. This information is leagal and pure factual, none of the information that I added was fictional. Through researching the Black Death, I used many different resources and books to obtain the information that I used in editing these Wikipedia pages. However, my work cited page is saved on my hard drive at my home, and I will long on to this web site later this evening to add that to this page. Thanks!
 
===World Wrestling Entertainment===
==Facts pulled for checking==
====2001-2003====
These sentences were pulled because I could not verify anywhere. The contributers have been notified and I hope they can re-add these with source material.
When WCW was purchased by the WWF in 2001, her contract was one of 24 that were retained by the WWF. She portrayed a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] character in [[The Alliance]]. She made her WWF TV debut on the [[June 14]], [[2001]] episode of ''[[WWE Friday Night SmackDown!|SmackDown!]]'' when [[Shane McMahon]] brought her to the ring to distract [[Terry Gerin|Rhyno]], causing him to lose a match. Keibler originally teamed up with real-life friend [[Torrie Wilson]] and the pair feuded with [[WWE Diva|WWF Divas]] [[Trish Stratus]] and [[Amy Dumas|Lita]]. During this feud, the four Divas competed in the first-ever tag team bra and panties match at the [[WWF Invasion]] pay-per-view which Trish and Lita won.
 
Towards the end of the [[The Invasion (professional wrestling)|WCW/ECW Invasion]], Keibler managed [[Dudley Boyz|The Dudley Boyz]], during which time she was [[nickname]]d the "[[Duke|Duchess]] of Dudleyville" by announcer [[Paul Heyman]]. She proved to be a fan favorite in this role, which lead to newfound popularity for the tag team. An early highlight of her career, Keibler made her WrestleMania debut at [[WrestleMania X8]] alongside The Dudleyz. Keibler's main angle at the time was getting pantsed by her opponent, revealing her white lace panties. Jacqueline, [[Matt Hyson|Spike Dudley]], and Torrie Wilson were among those to strip Keibler. During this time, she also feuded with former ally Torrie Wilson after Wilson left The Alliance. Keibler helped The Dudley Boyz put Torrie through a table. However, Torrie got her revenge after first giving Keibler a [[wedgie]] and pantsing her reveling her panties on an episode of ''[[WWE Friday Night SmackDown!|SmackDown!]]''. She then defeated Keibler in the first-ever [[lingerie]] match at [[WWE No Mercy#2001|No Mercy 2001]]. Keibler's role with the Dudley Boyz came to an abrupt end when she was powerbombed through a table after accidentally costing the team a match. Keibler was still a heel after the Alliance broke up. She set her sights upon the WWE Women's Championship at [[WWE Judgment Day#2002|Judgment Day 2002]] facing Trish Stratus in a losing effort. She would face Stratus a few more times in the proceeding weeks, losing every time.
#The reduction in the [[population of England]] led to the displacement of [[French_language|French]] by [[History_of_the_English_Language#Period_of_French_domination|English]].
#Also because of depopulation, the surviving Europeans became the biggest consumers of [[meat]] of any civilization before industrial [[agriculture]].
 
Keibler was originally [[WWE Draft|drafted]] to the ''SmackDown!'' brand in 2002, where she participated in a comedy segment involving WWE Chairman [[Vince McMahon]] hiring a personal assistant. McMahon was ready to hire another attractive female until Keibler interrupted and demonstrated why she should get the job by giving him a [[table dance]] in the ring. Keibler became Vince's personal assistant as well as his on-screen mistress, frequently shown flirting and even 'making out' with him in backstage segments, until Stephanie McMahon became [[List of authority figures in professional wrestling|general manager]] of the ''SmackDown!'' brand. [[Dawn Marie Psaltis|Dawn Marie]] made her debut on ''SmackDown!'' as Vince's legal assistant, who competed with Keibler for McMahon's affections.
:I took it from some book by [[Marvin Harris]], probably [[Good to Eat]], nut I don't have the book to check anymore and Google doesn't give me anything relating the book and the concept. Chapter 2 is "Meat Hunger". -- [[User:Error|Error]] 01:32, 28 Nov 2004 (UTC)
 
A key [[angle (professional wrestling)|storyline]] for Keibler's on-screen character occurred when she left ''SmackDown!'' for ''[[WWE Raw|RAW]]''. Keibler made her official ''RAW'' debut on [[August 12]], [[2002]]. After her acquisition was announced by then-General Manager Eric Bischoff, she greeted the cheering crowd and then removed her skirt as she performed one of her signature table dances on the ''RAW'' announcer's table. During her ensuing time on ''RAW'', Keibler managed [[Scott Steiner]] and [[Andrew Martin|Test]], the latter of which was her real-life boyfriend at the time. She was also involved in the eventual feud between these two. As Test's on-screen marketing agent, she came up with the idea that Test should call his fans "Testicles," cut his hair and reshape his image. However, Test became jealous of Keibler wanting to also be Steiner's manager. During a match on ''RAW'', Test turned heel and began verbally abusing Keibler. Steiner managed to defeat Test for Keibler's services, and Keibler seemed happy as Steiner's new manager, as the two characters even alluded to having more than a professional relationship. Test, however, was not happy at all, and petitioned for an intergender tag team match, pitting himself and former rival [[Chris Jericho]] against Scott and Keibler, to win back the services of Keibler. Test faked a leg injury to pick up the win.
If anyone can back up these claims please readd them (with more explanation if possible).
[[User:CaseInPoint|CaseInPoint]] 22:10, Nov 27, 2004 (UTC)
 
A match was set for [[WWE Unforgiven#2003|Unforgiven 2003]], the stipulation being if Test won, he would not only retain Keibler's services, but acquire those of Scott Steiner as well. During the match, Keibler attempted to distract Test by lifting her skirt and shaking her bare butt for the crowd. This was unsuccessful. Keibler then attempted to whack Test with a chair, but he ducked and she accidentally hit Steiner instead. As a result, Test won the match and the services of both Keibler and Steiner. Steiner would then turn heel by attacking Keibler when she botched another interference on the next ''RAW''. For a time, Test and Steiner would work as a tag team, sharing the services of Keibler. Finally, General Manager [[Mick Foley]] put a stop to the abusive Test and Steiner and freed Keibler from her obligatory contracts with the pair by temporarily firing them.
: The reduction in French language due to the shortage of french speakers is cited in British Food, Colin Spencer but its not a primary source. However the meat thing is not mentioned and seems exaggerated - many animals died too or were untended. The main effect mentioned is the fact that the peaants got more land and cottages not hovels, so they got their own ovens rather than having to use the Lord's oven and pay a tithe for it. Meat was eaten more mainly because the people left were richer, and did demand better food and working conditions but I cant verify the specific claim. [[User:Justinc|Justinc]] 19:56, 10 May 2005 (UTC)
 
====2004====
-------
[[Image:Dvd-vivalasdivasofthewwe.jpg|thumb|left|120px|Keibler on the cover of the ''Viva Las Divas'' DVD]]
I would like to point out (here seems appropriate) that the description of three forms of plague is incorrect:
Keibler was chosen to record a track on the album ''[[WWE Originals]]''. She and WWE music producer [[Jim Johnston (composer)|Jim Johnston]] recorded the track "Why Can't We Just Dance?" for the album. Other tracks were performed by Superstars such as [[Chris Jericho]], [[Lilian Garcia]], and [[John Cena]], each of which had their own music career. Her track was used on an episode of ''[[WWE Raw|RAW]]'' for herself, during the [[WWE Diva Search|2004 RAW Diva Search]] and even on the ''Viva Las Diva of the WWE'' DVD.
 
Stacy then got involved with SmackDown! Divas Torrie Wilson and Sable. She aligned herself with Miss Jackie and they made it clear to everyone that they belonged in Playboy, not Wilson and Sable. Stacy and Jackie challenged Sable and Wilson to a Tag Team Evening Gown Match at Wrestlemania 20, which they lost. Jackie ended up losing the fall to Wilson after a roll up. Because Sable was having problems with her breasts, the divas began the match with their gowns off making it more of a Tag Team Lingerie Match than an Evening Gown Match. The fued was dropped after the match.
"The three forms of plague brought an array of signs and symptoms to those infected. Bubonic plague refers to the painful lymph node swellings called buboes. The septicaemic plague is called "Blood poisoning", and pneumonic plague is an airborne plague that forms a first attack on the lungs."
 
As one of the more popular RAW face Divas, Keibler took over the 2004 RAW Diva Search for a few weeks. That was followed by a dance competition with [[Nora Greenwald|Molly]]. This led to a push with her participating in several tag matches against the heel girls, then WWE Diva, [[Gail Kim]]; then heel and then WWE Diva, [[Trish Stratus]]; and then WWE Diva, [[Nora Greenwald|Molly Holly]]. Her partners were WWE star, [[Nidia Guenard|Nidia]] and then babyface, [[Lisa Marie Varon|Victoria]]. Keibler showed off much improved wrestling skills, managing to get upset victories over Molly, Gail, and Trish. She even got herself a Women's Championship title match on [[October 11]], [[2004]]. However, Trish defeated her to retain the title. Stacy also competed in the first-ever Fulfill your Fantasy Diva Battle Royal for the WWE Women's Championship at the 2004 Taboo Tuesday Pay-Per-View along with Victoria, Nidia, Gail Kim, Molly Holly, Jazz & the champion Trish. She got eliminated second to last as she was jumping over the top rope to avoid hitting the turnbuckle, Molly punched her in the face and knocked her off the apron thus eliminating her. Trish quickly disposed of Molly to retain.
This is incorrect as there are two primary forms of plague: Bubonic and pneumonic. It's important to bear in mind that plague as caused by ''Y. pestis'' is spread through blood and naturally, for the organism to get back out of a host it must get out into the victims bloodstream in large numbers so it is sucked up by the flea. This causes widespread internalised bleeding, sepsis (blood poisoning) and eventual death. There is no 'third' form of plague called septicaemic plague, just bubonic and pneumonic which both kill by widespread septic shock. The key difference between bubonic plague and pneumonic plague is the time it takes for the organism to kill the host. In bubonic plague this can be several days, while pneumonic plague is already adapted to the human host and so infections caused by it progress more rapidly. Unusually, whoever wrote the remainder of the entry appears to have realised there isn't a "scepticaemic plague" and doesn't mention it any further. -J. O'Donnell. Addition: Actually, I've had a look at a more recent paper from the PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) that suggests that bacteria delivered through a flea bite may directly cause scepticemia. I had assumed that the condition was simply a subclinical form of bubonic plague, where the bacteria still pass through the lymph nodes but do not cause direct infection. It appears that ''Y. pestis'' injected into a host through natural means, in this case a flea bite, may indeed cause a patient to proceed directly to a scepticemic form of plague.
 
Keibler was voted as the 2004 [[WWE Diva#WWE Babe of the Year|WWE Babe of the Year]], being the first WWE Diva to defeat [[Trish Stratus]] in the Babe of the Year competition (Stratus was 2001-2003 Babe of the Year). As a result of this, Keibler appeared on ''RAW'' following her victory and told everyone that she would bend over backwards to make the fans happy. Keibler's Babe of the Year photoshoots would be posted on WWE's official website on a monthly basis throughout 2005.
The paper is free if anyone is curious to read it: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/103/14/5526 -J. O'Donnell. (''added 11:25, 8 April 2006 (UTC) by 139.80.123.38'')
 
====2005====
:Yes it's incorrect to talk about three. WHO, DCD and other authorities actually identify nine types of the disease plague (''Pestis'') (ICD-10 code A20), giving six of them separate ICD-10 sub-codings and grouping the other three milder versions under one joint sub-coding: bubonic plague (''Pestis bubonica''), cellulocutaneous plague (''Pestis cellulocutanea''), pneumonic or pulmonic plague (''Pestis pneumonica''), meningeal plague or plague meningitis (''Pestis meningealis''), pharyngeal plague (''Pestis pharyngeus''), septicemic plague (''Pestis septic(h)aemica''), and the three milder abortive plague, asymptomatic plague and pestis minor.
[[Image:Super Stacy.jpg|thumb|right|145px|Keibler had a brief run as Super Stacy, complete with her own superhero costume.]]
:Discussions about the disease itself is, however, best kept on the talk page of the article [[Bubonic plague]] ([[Talk:Bubonic plague]]), as this article deals with the Black Death pandemic, which probably was a ''pestis'' pendemic, although some scientists question this. [[User:Thomas Blomberg|Thomas Blomberg]] 01:51, 9 April 2006 (UTC)
Keibler soon began an angle with popular superstar [[Randy Orton]]. After kissing him on the cheek during a backstage segment on ''RAW'', there looked to possibly be a romance there. Randy even saved her from receiving a Pedigree from the villainous [[Triple H]]. She supported him from backstage and was never considered his manager. The storyline never really made any advances, and as Randy challenged [[The Undertaker]] to a match at ''[[WrestleMania 21]]'', Randy ended the relationship by giving her an RKO, justifying this evil act by claiming he was demonstrating just how ruthless he could be in order to defeat The Undertaker. In the end, Keibler's involvement with Orton was a device for his inevitable heel turn. Orton was the third on-screen boyfriend to betray Keibler.
 
Keibler would go on to join forces with [[Hurricane and Rosey]]. She became 1/3 of their trio as '''Super Stacy''', complete with her own superhero costume. During this time, Keibler was credited as having one of her best matches to date with [[WWE Diva]], [[Lisa Marie Varon|Victoria]], on an international edition of [[WWE Heat]].
==Yersinia pestis as cause==
 
After a long tenure on Monday nights, Keibler and fellow ''RAW'' Diva [[Christy Hemme]] were moved to [[WWE Friday Night SmackDown!|''SmackDown!'']] as part of a trade, bringing [[Torrie Wilson]] and [[Candice Michelle]] to ''RAW''. Upon their debut, the two former ''RAW'' Divas participated in a bra and panties pillow fight that was deemed too hot for television (the match could be viewed on WWE's official website.) After a short absence, Keibler started a short feud with [[Jillian Hall]], which lead to the two having a match on [[WWE Velocity|''Velocity'']], during which Hall captured the victory through cheating. The match represented Keibler's final match and final appearance on WWE television.
Yersinia pestis is generally thought to be guilty of the Black Death.
 
====2006====
One extensive reference is
Keibler appeared on the hit show ''[[Dancing with the Stars (US TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]'' (see [[#Outside of wrestling|Outside of wrestling]]), placing third. Recaps were aired weekly on ''[[WWE Raw|RAW]]'', which was believed to be because of a conflict with ''[[WWE Friday Night SmackDown!|SmackDown!]]'' and [[UPN]] not wanting to promote a rival network. After a few weeks, her profile was moved from ''SmackDown!'' back to ''RAW''.
Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague
RD Perry and JD Fetherston
 
In April 2006, Vegas Magazine reported that Keibler was done with WWE and moving on to other endeavors. Keibler posted a message on her official website saying that her WWE contract expired on [[July 21]], [[2006]], and she went on to sign a contract with [[ABC Television Studio]], formerly Touchstone Television, which is owned by Disney.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jan 1997, 35-66, Vol 10, No. 1
 
==Outside of wrestling==
http://mmbr.asm.org/cgi/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=cmr&resid=10/1/35
[[Image:Tony and Stacy Tango.jpg|right|thumb|140px|Keibler dancing the [[Tango (dance)|tango]] with partner [[Tony Dovolani]]]]
For several months, Keibler wrote a monthly fitness column for ''[[Stuff (magazine)|Stuff Magazine]]'' titled ''Getting Fit''. Although her legs are famed for their length and beauty, she has great strength as well. In one issue, she speaks of how she recently attempted a 450 lb leg press. Although unable to push it, she did manage a 405lb leg press. In addition to posing for a total of five full pictorials, Keibler has graced the cover of ''[[Stuff (magazine)|Stuff Magazine]]'' twice, in [http://www.stuffmagazine.com/cover_girls/girl.aspx?id=470&src=wiki June 2005] and [http://www.stuffmagazine.com/cover_girls/girl.aspx?id=541&src=wiki March 2006]. ''Maxim'' named her #5 in their 2006 [http://www.maximonline.com/slideshows/index.aspx?slideId=1910&imgCollectId=94&src=wiki Hot 100] issue and #70 in their 2007 Hot 100.
 
Keibler has refused at least three offers to pose for [[Playboy]], believing that it would be better if she "left something for the imagination."
Meanwhile the thought that Y. pestis is not the cause of the
Black Death floats around with few takers, but refuses to die.
 
She competed in the second season of ''[[Dancing with the Stars (US TV series)|Dancing with the Stars]]''. Her dance partner was [[ballroom dance]]r [[Tony Dovolani]]. Keibler managed to score a perfect 10 in the earliest round of the competition ever. Keibler received a perfect score of 30 from the three judges for her [[Samba (dance)|samba]] dance routine in week five. This prompted the judges to nickname her a "weapon of mass seduction." The following week, two perfect scores were awarded, one going to Keibler, the other to fellow contestant [[Drew Lachey]]. Overall, Keibler and Tony received four perfect scores. Keibler came in third to Jerry Rice, who placed second in the final round of the competition, and Lachey, the winner of the season. However, some viewers and two of the judges, [[Bruno Tonioli]] and [[Len Goodman]], felt she should've at least placed second.
Here is a recent article expressing that idea.
 
Keibler has also appeared on [[MTV]]'s [[Punk'd]] twice. Once, as an accomplice to [[Triple H]]'s punk, along with [[Stephanie McMahon]], in season five. Keibler was then seen again in season seven, this time being Punk'd herself by her boyfriend, [[Geoff Stults]].
Lancet Infect Dis 2002 Jun;2(6):323
 
Keibler (along with Stults) is part-owner of the [[Hollywood Fame]], a [[2006]] expansion franchise of the [[American Basketball Association (21st century)|American Basketball Association]].
Comment in:
Lancet Infect Dis. 2002 Aug;2(8):459.
Yersinia seeks pardon for Black Death.
 
In February 2007, Keibler began her recurring role on ABC's Monday night dramedy, [[What About Brian]]. She plays the role of Brian's new neighbour and love interest, Stephanie. This marks Keibler's first significant acting role, compared to her previous minor roles in both "Bubble Boy" and "Pecker".
Paterson R.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12144891&dopt=Abstract
 
Keibler also guest starred on [[The George Lopez Show]] on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] when the show returned in January. According to an interview on E! Television, she hopes to have her own sitcom soon and is also working on [[The Comebacks]], a comedy film produced by [[Punk'd]] producer Adam Goldberg.
Publication Types:
Historical Article
News
 
Keibler has also worked as an entertainment correspondent for the ABC show ''[[Good Morning America]]'', covering the premiere of the [[Dancing with the Stars (US TV series)#Season 4|fourth series of ''Dancing with the Stars'']].
PMID: 12144891 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 
==Personal life==
hth
During her days with WCW, Keibler was romantically linked with [[David Flair]], the son of legendary wrestler [[Ric Flair]]. After joining WWE, Keibler was in a relationship with [[Andrew Martin|Test]] for several years. The couple were reported to have separated shortly before Martin was fired by WWE while he recovered from neck surgery, but maintained a friendship.
 
In [[June 2005]], Keibler was rumored to be in a relationship with actor [[Geoff Stults]], best known for his appearances on ''[[7th Heaven]]''. The couple were photographed at many places together and seen as an [[wiktionary:item|item]]. The pair also appeared together on [[MTV]]'s [[Punk'd]], with Keibler as the recipient of the prank. The [[September 2005]] edition of the tabloid, ''[[Star Magazine]]'', claimed that Keibler was involved in a [[love triangle]] with Geoff Stults and actress [[Jennifer Aniston]]. It was later announced that Aniston was in a relationship with the man that supposedly got her and daniels together, [[Vince Vaughn]]. Keibler denied rumors of a relationship with Stults in two interviews and gave a "no comment" to [[Todd Grisham]] when asked about it on [[WWE Byte This!|Byte This!]].
:Your statement about no takers isn't necesarily true. While I'm not well versed in the Black Death, we've been studying it in my Western European history course at Concordia University. My professor mentioned that while Y.Pestis is in majority viewed as the cause, the argument against this belief is gaining momentum.
 
On [[May 16]], [[2006]], Keibler suffered a [[seizure]] at the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] Upfront Presentation in [[New York City]], and was hospitalized. The seizure was said to be minor and Keibler was released from the hospital shortly after. Four days later, Keibler appeared on the [[ESPN]] pre-race telecast of the [[Preakness Stakes]], in an interview with [[Kenny Mayne]].
:One of the flagship papers countering this belief is <i>The Black Death; End of a Paradigm</i> by Samuel K. Cohn Jr.
 
==Wrestling facts==
:While it is by no means definitive proof that Y. Pestis was not the culprit, it presents some very compelling arguments and should be looked into before considering the debate closed. This is my first ever contribution to wiki so I'll let someone more experienced look into it and determine whether it's worth adding to the article. [[User:Chuckuss|Chuckuss]] 20:04, 16 October 2006 (UTC)Chuckuss
*'''Finishing and signature moves'''
:*'''''Keibler Kick''''' ([[Professional wrestling attacks#Spin kick|Spinning Kick]])
:*[[Cartwheel (gymnastics)|Cartwheel evasion]]
:*[[Professional wrestling holds#Corner foot choke|Corner foot choke]]
:*[[Professional wrestling throws#Snapmare|Hair-pull snapmare]]
:*[[Professional wrestling throws#Scoop slam|Scoop slam]]
 
*'''Wrestlers Managed'''
::Extra info for people interested in reading this. Samuel K. Cohn, "The Black Death: End of a Paeadigm," <i> The American Historical Review</i> 107 (2002): 703-38 [[User:Chuckuss|Chuckuss]] 20:06, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
:*Lenny Lane & Lodi
:*Silver King & El Dandi
:*David Flair
:*Sean Stasiak
:*Shane McMahon
:*The Dudley Boyz
:*Test
:*Scott Steiner
:*Randy Orton
:*Hurricane & Rosey
 
*'''Nicknames'''
==Ring Around the Rosy==
:*"The Legs of WCW"
Isn't that Ring Around the Rosy story a legend? I thought it wasn't actually connected to the Black Death. I'll see if I can find out where I read that... [[User:Adam Bishop|Adam Bishop]] 05:37, 9 Aug 2003 (UTC)
:*"The Duchess of [[Dudley Boyz|Dudleyville]]"
:*"The Weapon of Mass Seduction" (''Dancing With the Stars'')
:*"Super Stacy" (with The Hurricane and Rosey)
 
*'''Entrance Theme'''
:Yup, it's a myth. Reference at [http://www.snopes.com/language/literary/rosie.htm Snopes] -- [[User:Someone else|Someone else]] 05:46, 9 Aug 2003 (UTC)
In [[WCW]], she used a generic dance theme called "Universal Love".
 
During The Invasion she used a generic theme.
::The history textbook we used in high school specifically attributed the origin of the rhyme to the Black Death, and I'm going to trust the author of that text over the author(s) of an apocryphal website. I can attempt to rebut Snopes' arguments upon request, but let it suffice to say for now that they're by no means airtight. [[User:Smack|--Smack]] 17:05, 11 May 2004 (UTC)
 
Her final and most famous theme was "Legs" by [[Kid Rock]].
:::Umm... Snopes is hardly apocryphal. It's one of the most reputable sites on the Web, and it always has a bibliography/list of references to go along with its articles. Meanwhile, you can dredge up any number of criticisms of high school textbooks wherein they are accused of perpetuating misleading or outright false information. I would easily trust Snopes over any high school textbook. Furthermore, I see no problems with Snopes' arguments or methods. I think you and the writer of your high school textbook need to spend some time with Occam's Razor.--[[User:Calanctus|John]] 02:55, 17 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 
Prior to departure from [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWE]], the band Zebrahead recorded new theme music for her titled "With Legs Like That" which was given to [[Maria Kanellis]] after she left.
::::Well it definitely fooled my medievil history professor then, she said it originated from the black plague too. --[[User:Jelligraze|Jelligraze]] 02:20, 19 April 2006 (UTC)
 
==Championships and accomplishments==
''"Some ships didn't have anyone alive when they reached their port"'' ...um, that's right! just a grinning skeleton manning the wheel. Imagine the over-all training for critical perception offered at this cultural level! [[User:Wetman|Wetman]] 22:34, 2 Oct 2004 (UTC)
*'''[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]'''
:* 2004 [[WWE Diva#WWE Babe of the Year|WWE Babe of the Year]] (1 time, first person to defeat Trish Stratus in the competition)
*'''Other'''
:* Has appeared in Stuff Magazine on numerous occasions, even appearing on the cover twice.
 
==Filmography==
I know, it's very 'Pirates of the Caribbean' isn't it? xD and, I'm with Snopes.
*''[[Pecker (film)|Pecker]]'' (1998) ... Blonde on Bus (uncredited)
*''[[Bubble Boy]]'' (2001) ... Working Girl
*''[[George Lopez (TV series)|George Lopez]]''
:George's House Has Two Empty Wombs (2007) ... Lindsay
:George Thinks Vic's Fiancée Is Lion About Being a Cheetah (2007) ... Lindsay
*''[[What About Brian]]''
:What About Finding Your Place... (2007) ... Stephanie
:What About Temptations... (2007) ... Stephanie
:What About Strange Bedfellows... (2007) ... Stephanie
:What About All That Glitters... (2007) ... Stephanie
:What About Secret Lovers... (2007) ... Stephanie
*''[[The Comebacks]]'' (2007) ... All-American Mom
 
==External links==
Basically, Snopes is trustable on this topic. I think the subject is closed; Ring Around A Rosie can't be attributed to the Black Plague.
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons}}
*{{imdb name|id=0445001|name=Stacy Keibler}}
*{{tvtome person|id=59432|name=Stacy Keibler}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Keibler, Stacy}}
==Black Death in China==
Shouldn't there be something about [[China]]? I thought the plague spread there as well. [[User:M.e|M.e]] 10:54, 25 May 2004 (UTC)
 
[[Category:1979 births]]
:Probably. It's an area where future editors can expand the article. [[User:Kevyn|Kevyn]]
[[Category:American cheerleaders]]
[[Category:American dancers]]
[[Category:American models]]
[[Category:American professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Female professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling dancers]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets]]
[[Category:World Championship Wrestling alumni]]
[[Category:World Wrestling Entertainment alumni]]
[[Category:US Dancing with the Stars participants]]
[[Category:Towson University alumni]]
[[Category:National Football League cheerleaders]]
 
[[de:Stacy Keibler]]
::The plague didn't spread there, it started in western China [[User:Xiao jy|Xiao jy]] 21:41, 16 May 2006 (UTC)
[[fr:Stacy Keibler]]
 
[[it:Stacy Keibler]]
 
[[ja:ステイシー・キーブラー]]
:: Article currently states: "the Great Plague of London in 1665-1666 is generally recognized as one of the last major outbreaks." What about Hong Kong - a major outbreak in 1894 is believed to have come from mainland China... (There is speculation that it was this strain that was responsible for the minor outbreaks in San Francisco c.1900, the East of England c.1910, and Persian Gulf c.1913). A future editor could correct this. (submitted by anon editor)
[[sq:Stacy Keibler]]
 
::The Black Death is a historical period in which the plague was active and socially devastating. The disease, of course, never died out but it did disappear from varying locals. The outbreaks you cite are usually considered part of the [[Third Pandemic]] and are discussed in that article. Best wishes. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 08:44, 13 July 2006 (UTC)
 
==Death rate==
I don't understand this addition to the article: "Recent studies have predicted a decline from twenty-five percent to fifty percent population decrease in Europe alone." Is this prediction really an estimate? Why "decline" ''and'' "decrease" in the same sentence? The previous text, giving an estimte of about a one-third death rate, seems fine to me, but before I delete the quoted sentence I want to see if there's some information in it that I'm not understanding. [[User:JamesMLane|JamesMLane]] 02:53, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC)
 
==Addition to "Consequences" section?==
 
Shouldn't we mention that one of the accepted results of the Black Death was the massive peasant revolts (i.e. Jacquerie, Great Peasants' Revolt in England, revolts across south France, Italy, and Germany) that affected mostly Western Europe, rather than Eastern Europe which was hit much less by the disease. Other factors include the famines, wars, skyrocketting food prices, and the landlords' efforts to fix wages and generally restrict the now-scarce peasants. This may have led to greater freedoms for the peasant class and the roots of capitalism.
 
Additional consequences -- the massive drop in European population led logically to to a similar reduction in workforce. Workers were more valued and the aristocracy began to provide incentives to keep and attract workers. This ultimately led to an upgrade in the rights of peasants, the decline of fuedalism and the establishment of guilds and merchant groups. A teacher of mine quipped that the Black Death "birthed" the middle class. 2/05 -W (an anonymous)
 
:This is true but it didnt happen right away, it took 150+ years for the aristocracy to lower rents.. see [[Popular revolt in late medieval Europe]] which goes in to this in more detail (and mentions the black death as one of the causes). All of these things are inter-related, nothing "caused" somthing else they are all factors, really we need a higher-level article that ties it all together, perhaps a history of europe in the 14th and 15th century. --[[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 18:01, 7 Feb 2005 (UTC)
 
== A Few Suggestions ==
 
I have a few suggestions that I think would make the article much more comprehensive:
*I think a map of the spread of the plague (using arrows or colors) would be great, and they seem to be common in all of the books I have read.
*I think there should be a lot more about the hygiene and diet of the medieval Europeans, as it was a major factor in the diease's spread. Isn't this the reason it doesn't happen in modern times, after all, we are not vaccinated for it.
*I think we can also spend much more time talking about the statistics in "Depopulation". For example, I know there are in fact many varying opinions of the mortality rate, many much higher or lower than 25 million. It should also be mentioned where and how hard it hit (i.e. was the mortality uniform throughout Europe, are there areas of particular interest that were ravaged/spared and why?).
*Also, there seems to be a "Alternate Explanations" section, but no there is no major discussion of the Yersinia pestis theory before it. It should include how it is spread, how communicable it is, the relative mortality, and others pertinent to the main theory itself.
 
Thats all I have for now, I will contribute more (to the actual article again) once I'm not so busy. I've noticed there have been some changes for the better recently, so this is not meant to be a criticism, but a suggestion. So carry on!
--[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 23:35, 13 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 
"On some ships no one remained alive when they reached their port."
 
I see an almost scary absence of logic in that sentence. If someone can justify not removing it, please do so.
 
==Wikivandalism==
 
::However, in 1666, gigantic toads besieged London. "They were terribly However, in 1666, gigantic toads besieged London. "They were terribly fierce beasts, who eat our hapless soldiers with their gigantic tongues." In terror, the inhabitants fled to the town hall, and bombarded the invading hordes with cannons and mortars. Eventually, the mayor of London sallied out with a formidable force and routed the frog army. Despite heavy casualties, they were successful. But if plague, fire and frogs wasn't enough, ten years later London was struck by a succession of tornadoes, that sweeped down from the Shetland Islands. The event was blamed on the carnies, who were subsequently driven out of town. However, bands of militant snowmen allied with the exiled carnies and attacked the city in 1679. After several fierce running battles, the Londoners were driven out. But David Beckham became their saviour and just three years after the carnies' victory, he led a force of Ewoks riding spiders that invaded the city. The carnies were defeated and slaughtered to a man, though the snowmen escaped. They would continue to harass Beckham's empire late into the 19th century.
 
::After this violent civil war, relative peace reigned in Britain. Or did it...
 
You gotta admit that, as Wikivandalism goes, that was at least a good attempt, deserving high marks for its effort and humour value. It was a lot more creative than the usual "@*(&^(*!".
 
[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 14:00, 27 Jan 2005 (UTC)
 
:Someone mistook Wikipedia for Uncyclopedia... --[[User:80.51.70.116|80.51.70.116]] 13:15, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 
::Some days, it's an easy mistake. :-(
 
::[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 13:26, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
 
== Plague in Poland ==
 
''The exaple of Poland is especially notable, because it was the king Casimir_III_of_Poland goverment who stopped the spread of plague. The 40 day quarantine of foreigners and free distribution of food prevented black death from spreading in Poland.''
 
This addition by an anonymous was reverted by a brand new contributer - [[Oo64eva]] - but with no reason given. Anyone know anything more about the plague in Poland? [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 23:55, 2 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
-With 62.87.224.216’s poor grammar and spelling aside, there is no indication that the stifled spread of the Black Death in Poland had anything to do with actions taken by Casimir III. This is merely speculation and Wikipedia is no place for speculation. If somebody could cite some well documented evidence of Casimir III's prevention of the Black Plauge, that would be sufficient. Sorry for my failure to report the reason for removal on the discussion page. It is apparent to me that this practice makes a good contributor great. [[User:Oo64eva|'''''oo64eva (AJ)''''']] 00:56, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)
 
*I agree with [[User:Oo64eva|'''''oo64eva (AJ)''''']]. While the quarantine may have been in effect, Poland is a landlocked country. So, whereas Ireland and Iceland may have had some success, it's obvious as to why a quarantine in Poland would have been both impossible and ineffective. Some theories state that Eastern regions like Poland, Bohemia, and parts of other local kingdoms may have been spared because of the cold temperatures caused a dormancy (if you ascribe to the bacterial ''Yersinia'' theory). That Casimir is responsible is simply an untenable statement. --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 01:03, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
::''While the quarantine may have been in effect, Poland is a landlocked country.''
 
:Ehh? That sentence is a bit ambiguously written. Does it mean "during the time of the quarantine, Poland '''was''' landlocked?" 'Cause Poland the modern country certainly isn't landlocked.
:[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 22:09, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
::Yes that is what I meant. Poland has had, shall we say, somewhat ''transitory'' borders. The current borders that extend to the Baltic include historically German (Prussian) lands that were awarded to Poland after WWII from the former German holdings. Historic Poland has traditionally been borderd to the north by Prussia, east by Russia, west and south by Hungary, Austria, etc. (not to mention the other small local kingdoms).--[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 23:17, 3 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
== is black death communicable or non communicable? ==
 
:The Black Death - the bubonic plague - is primarily spread through an animal vector, fleas. One flea bites an infected animal/person and then transmits the disease to all other animals/persons it bites. However, when human beings get the plague, it can manifest itself in several ways. Two of these, pnumonic and septicemic, can actually become communicable person to person because of infected body fluids. When this happens, the rate of infection increases rapidly. Most scholars believe that the pnumonic plague, which settles in the lungs, and transmission from coughing, is the mechanism that made the Black Death so widespread in Europe. See [[Bubonic plague]] for more detailed information on the disease itself. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 19:02, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
::Also keep in mind that not all scholars agree that it ''was'' bubonic plague. In general though, I do think most scholars will agree that the disease, whatever it was, was communicable, as the spread seemed to follow the trade routes, moving inland more slowly.--[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 22:30, 7 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
== Social Changes ==
 
In regards to this recent addition:
 
:Some historians credit the Black Death for helping or opening the way for the [[Renaissance]] and even the [[Reformation]], as a direct or indirect result of peasant freedoms gained in the social upheaval left in the plague's wake. However this has been rejected as some who view the time passed between the events to have been to great for such an effect. Notably, these kinds of peasant revolts were more uncommon in more sparsely populated and less affected [[Easten Europe]]. As the social upheaval caused by Black Death has been seen by some as a factor that helped to bring about the [[Renaissance]] and even the [[Reformation]], historians have cited this as a reason for Eastern Europe's failure to experience either of these movements on a similar scale as the West. Extrapolating from this, the Black Death may be seen as a contributing factor for Eastern Europe's considerable lag in scientific and philosophical advances as well as in the move to liberalise government by restricting the power of the monach and aristocracy. A common example is that England is seen to have effectively ended [[serfdom]] by [[1550]] while moving towards more [[representative government]]; meanwhile, serfdom was not abolished in [[Russia]] until the autocratic [[tsar]] decreed so in the [[nineteenth century]].
 
There are some problems with this. First, I don't know any serious historian who says the Black Death caused the Renaissance, in fact the Renaissance is such a large, diffuse event taking place over hundreds of years across vast geopolitical areas there is no single cause, like turning on a faucet. It would be like saying there is a single cause of [[modernity]]. Indeed, the Renaissance is an invention of the 19th century, it was not an actual thing, no one alive at the time heard of it. Also, what we envision as a Renaissance, was well underway in Italy prior to (and during) the Black Death. Second, who are these "some historians"? That is often code-word for "in my opinion". Next, the theory that the Black Death is the reason for Eastern Europe developing more slowly.. again, this is a highly simplified approach to a very complex question. Who came up with this idea, who can I read to learn more about this theory and the supporting evidence behind it? I would suggest reading [[Medieval demography]] which discusses the question on why there was a delay between the "crisis of the 14th century" (reduced population) and the increased incomes of the lowerclass because of more available land. This is not a simple topic and cant be boiled down to a single cause of just the Black Death. Finally I would add, if you want to discuss in detail the question of social upheavels, Black Death is just one of many social upheavels, see also [[Great Famine of 1315-1317]] and [[Hundred's Year War]] and [[Popular revolt in late medieval Europe]] .. there are more but not yet on Wikipedia. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 02:20, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
* I don't quite see where you are seeing this from what is written. Nowhere does it say "the Black Death ''caused'' the Renaissance". Everywhere this ''suggestion'' is couched in terms like "helped" and "contributing factor", that it is a ''factor'' at the very least, like the rest of the crises, cannot really be denied. You seem to be denying that it was a mojor cause, but that is simply not sain in the text. I would suggest you read McKay (if memory serves) and similar historians, as well as to some extent Cantor. many suggest that it was a foctor of varying degrees. I would never suggest that it is a simple idea, but I think you are simplifying what is written. Also, I ''do'' think you are trying to reduce the importance of this plague, as it is easy to see why it would have been a contributing factor or even cause of the peasants' revolts and economic devastation (other crises). Also it is downright myopic to say that the Hundred Years' War caused much of the effects of the fourteenth century crises, as it effected only England and France, whereas the upheaval was Eurpoe-wide for the most part. As for your assertion that the Renaissance began ''before'' the Black Death, I would point out that few "serious" historians would place it that far forward, and certainly none of its defining aspects came until much later. In short, please reread the passage and notice that it is not unequivocal or POV. I would encourage you to expand on the opposing view if you believe it is neglected. --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 03:27, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
::Well, we are on the same page. Someone without any background of other events to guide them could read this sentence "Some historians credit the Black Death for helping or opening the way for the Renaissance" and come away with a strong sense that the Black Death caused or was the primary cause of the Renaissance. In any case, this topic is large and needs a seperate article to explore in detail, perhaps [[Crisis of the 14th century]], which ties together the other events (famine, war, revolt), and presents the various theories of how they fit together; the one presented here is one view, but it's not the best place to discuss the crisis of the 14th and 15th centuries.. not tucked away in half a paragraph of the Black Death article, without citations, and without sources. This is just the nature of an evolving Wikipedia. Once we have a [[Crisis..]] article, then it's possible to write a [[Origins of the Renaissance]] article, which then becomes the lead section of the [[Renaissance]] article. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 19:07, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
:::Also, for clarification: I was not the original writer of the Some historians credit the Black Death for helping or opening the way for the Renaissance" sentence. If you'll take a look at the edit history, I took that sentence that was out of place at the end and integrated it into the first paragraph where it made logical sense, expanding the content to clarify the theory. --[[User:66.210.243.130|66.210.243.130]] 22:36, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC) (Dmcdevit, not bothering to log in :) )
::::Wait now... Your last edit just totally got rid of any mention of the Black Death --> Renaissance theory. I realize you may not agree, but think about Wikipedia's NPOV policy. It means giving a fair shake to all sides, whether you agree with it or not, even whether its the more popular one or not. Your new wording is much too definitive on a contentious issue, and you talked to me about simplification. To say that it is simply "not satisfactory", is too imply that the theory's proponents have ''no'' evidence, which isn't true. The fact is that Britain, for one, passed the Statute of Labourors, which fixed wages, as the nobles' reaction to empowered peasants. I suggest you read the acconts of Agnolo di Tura and (if I remember, I'm accessing this from a computer away from home) Henry Knighton, who both complain of peasants moving off the land to find and demand better wages (sounds a little like capitalism). This kind of legislation passed across western Europe was largely unsuccessful, as it was unenforcable, there were always landlords willing to pay more for labor. Also it is simplistic to suggest serfdom disappeared spontaneously in the sixteenth century. There was no decree as in Russia, instead it had been a slow evolution, so the time frame arguent does not necessarily hold up. Not to mention the fact that the Black Death cannot be so easilt defined between a five or ten year range, it continued to return for centuries, even more reason that the time-frame argument is not the indestructable article you claim. Please NPOV the article so both sides are treated fairly.--[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 01:26, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
:::::Exactly, it was the nobles reaction (fixing wages, etc) that caused the 150+ year delay in benefits to the peasant class. I'm not sure your reading what I wrote correctly. Have you read the Demography article? As I said before, this is a large and complex topic that should not be in the Black Death article, it needs a seperate article, called [[Crisis of the 14th and 15th centuries]], that goes into the causes and theories in detail, without being restricted by the context of the Black Death article.. I dont disagree BD was important, very important, but its not that simple. A single paragraph or two is going to be simplistic no matter what. Also, the renaissance theory is still there. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 02:38, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
:::::*My point was, and I suppose I didn't make this clear, wage-fixing legislation was almost universally unsuccessful, as only the landlords who broke the law would be the ones to get the laborers. The wave of peasant revolts largely came after the reactionary legislation: Statute of Labourers (which I was surpried has a - poorly written - article [[Statute of Laborers|here]] under the American spelling) was in 1351, and the English Peasant Revolt was in 1381. But anyway, what I'm saying is, in the interest of POV, you ''must'' say also the merits of the BD leads to Ren theory, and not merely dismiss it as is your personal opinion. --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 04:40, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
::::::Uh.. from the article: ''Because the social upheavals of the 14th and 15th centuries were caused in part by the Black Death, the Black Death is seen by some as a factor in the Renaissance and even the Reformation.'' [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 07:57, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
== Cats - particularly Black! ==
 
"''Another possible theory as to how the plague spread so quickly is that by killing many of the cats (believed to be witchs' familiars) during the witch hunts caused the rodent population to rise, and with them rose the probability of infection''." Taken from an anon edit, 12 Apr 2005, 68.174.249.133, later reverted by [[User:Dmcdevit]].
 
I've heard this one, but don't have the materials on hand to substantiate it. Actually it was probably a social result of the ongoing waves of plague. People looked for scapegoats -- some reason why these horrible things were happening to them -- and often focused on older people who may have survived earlier rounds of the disease (and Jews, of course). The number of accusations of witchcraft increased, and measures became more draconian. These people's pets and livestock were often burned or hung along with them as "familiars." I also remember that it was about this time that the genetic mutation that results in black domestic cats emerged. The sudden appearance of these "black imps of Satan" was mentioned in a couple of sources. This led some historian(s) to speculate about a massive roundup of cats. An interesting bit of information, but perhaps not for the article. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 20:20, 13 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
-I think the paragraph should be reinstated into the article. Of course there were many different misguided solutions that were attempted, but this one is really quite remarkable because of how ironic it is. --[[User:Jleon|Jleon]] 20:09, 14 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
:The anon who wrote the original paragraph didn't provide a source. I agree the point is interesting, and perhaps useful in the ''persecutions'' or ''social consequences'' section. But social points are difficult to document. If I can find a source that includes the material I'm recalling (see above comment), I'll put in a paragraph In the meantime, everyone feel free to look for similar references. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 00:53, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
Dogs, too? While looking into plague in other areas than Europe (see below), I came across:
:In July 1348, the governor of Damascus ordered the killing of all dogs in the city for the duration of the epidemic, perhaps because they were eating abandoned human corpses in the street. (Source: Dols, ''The Black Death in the Middle East''.)
I hadn't considered this as a cause for the persecution of cats, as cats usually like their meat fresh, but it might apply. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 03:38, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
A reported source for this cat information. "Cats." World Book Information Finder. Vers. 2.5. CD-ROM. World Book, Inc. 1994. I haven't looked at this yet. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 21:48, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
:"The thought cause at the time was that cats carried the deadly disease; however, by killing cats, people were doing themselves a dis advantage, as cats' naturally prey on rodents, the real cause of the disease." Another thought on cats by an anon. Moved from article by [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 00:33, 13 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 
::Cats DO carry the deadly disease. They can directly infect their owners and others who handle them with pneumonic plague. I'm not sure whether they can also carry disease-causing fleas or other parasites. See the Centers for Disease Control Health Advisory on Plague http://www.co.boulder.co.us/health/hpe/cdc/healthadviso....and the Utah State University Extension Animal Heatlh Fact Sheet: CAT PLAGUE--Veterinarians Caution (July 1997). MargaretDelacy [[User:24.21.140.66|24.21.140.66]] 05:53, 2 October 2005 (UTC)
 
==Black Death -not just in Europe==
So an epidemic kills 200,000,000 people of which only one-quarter are in Europe. So we write an article that only mentions Europe. We better hope that the Systemic bias group doesn't notice this page. It confirms their worst suspicions. I don't even know where to begin rewriting this article. Perhaps it is best moved to Black Death in Europe and a new comprehensive article begun. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 13:24, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
 
-The term "Black Death" is simply a social-construct used to describe the most prevelant wave of the pandemic in Europe. The Chinese and Indians did not call it the "Black Death" so why is it biased to focus the article on the countries that did? The international orgins of the pandemic are clealy documented here, and the article on the [[bubonic plague]] is not at all Euro-centric. --[[User:Jleon|Jleon]] 13:40, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
:The Europeans didn't call it the Black Death either. They called it the Great Mortality -in various translations. The bubonic plague article summarizes the entire pandemic in two paragraphs and directs the reader here for more detail. Clearly that needs to be a page which discusses the entire event and there is no reason to beleive that the name Black Death is restricted to the European occurence. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 17:36, Apr 15, 2005 (UTC)
::Umm... Europeans obviously did call it the Black Death, or we wouldn't be calling it that now. In any case, English historians of the time referenced it as the Black Death, so yes, people who lived during that era indeed called it the Black Death.
::Next time, feel free to bring some evidence.
:::Rmhermen is totally right. Feel free to leave me a message if you want source. The actual term was "Great Mortality" as he said, and then "Small mortality" for resurgences of the plague. The "Black Death" is a latter term. Invoquing evidence and [[common sense]] is often synonym of [[doxa]] and ignorance, and is certainly not an encyclopedic contribution. [[User:Tazmaniacs|Tazmaniacs]] 17:45, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 
:"Black Death," over time, became the English Term - "Great Mortality", the general European term. As for references -- do a little reading in the references in the article - ie. "The Great Mortality". And "Next time" anon, before you snipe at others, identify yourself and cite your references. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 20:40, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 
:: It's not only the english name, in german it's called "der Schwarze Tod" meaning exactly "the black death". --[[User:84.142.168.157|84.142.168.157]] 18:21, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
::''Der Scharwze Tod'' is a latter term, as is ''la peste noire'' and the Black Plague. [[User:Tazmaniacs|Tazmaniacs]] 17:45, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 
Point taken. I restructured the article and added information on the Middle Eastern outbreak, and a little more about China. I have no information on India, although popular sources insist they were involved. Some additional information about social/political consequences in eastern areas of the world is available. I'll try and weave that in. Non-European sources are difficult to find in English. Has anyone checked other language Wikipedias? Comments welcome. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 23:33, 16 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
:I'd vote in favor of keeping the "Black Death" title simply because our English speaking audience will reference the material by that name. "Plague in the Fourteenth Century" might do though. Naming pandemics for public consumption is an awkward thing - while historians like dates, the public does not. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 00:32, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
 
Given the overwhelming number of books, academic and otherwise, that refer to it by "Black Death", there is precedent for the article to remain as is. It would be original research to rename the article, unless someone can show strong evidence to the contrary. We only report on what exists, even if what exists is not optimal. There are lots of things like this, [[Dark Ages]] for example. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 02:17, 17 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
There is a reference in Defoe's "Diary of a Plague Year" which reads: “Therefore were we ordered to kill all the dogs and cats, but because as they were domestic animals, and are apt to run from house to house and from street to street, so they are capable of carrying the effluvia or infectious streams of bodies infected even in their furs and hair. And therefore it was that, in the beginning of the infection, an order was published by the Lord Mayor, and by the magistrates, according to the advice of the physicians, that all the dogs and cats should be immediately killed, and an officer was appointed for the execution”.
It is incredible; if their account is to be depended upon, what a prodigious number of those creatures were destroyed. I think they talked of forty thousand dogs, and five times as many cats; few houses being without a cat, some having several, sometimes five or six in a house. All possible endeavours were used also to destroy the mice and rats, especially the latter, by laying ratsbane and other poisons for them, and a prodigious multitude of them were also destroyed."
You should note that there is doubt about whether Defoe's account is entirely contemporary since it was published nearly fifty years after the event. Hope this helps? ([[User:Quidnunc|Quidnunc]] 14:17, 13 September 2006 (UTC))
:There's no actual "doubt" as to whether Defoe's work was contemporary; it most definitely was NOT. For one thing, Defoe would have been about four years old when the Black Death reached London. Most literary historians are also agreed that his Journal was a work of fiction and presented as such; modern readers, however, sometimes assume it's fact, which can be tricky when they use it as a secondary source. --[[User:Charlene.fic|<font color="blue" face="Matisse ITC">Charlene</font>]] 22:01, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 
== info ==
'''== is there any good website on this topic =='''
 
Both this article and bubonic plague have link sections at the bottom. A quick search will pull up a number of sites, often history oriented. In addition:
: [http://www.themiddleages.net/plague.html ] -- This one is only average, but contains links to accounts from the time period.
:[http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/plague.htm] -- primary source in translation. This one's a little better.
:[http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic428.htm] eMedicine site - Good medical info.
 
Hope you put these to constructive use. Welcome to Wikipedia. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 21:54, 18 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
:When I really want to learn about an event, I like to look at the contemporary accounts (not necessarily for factual accuracies, but to get a good sense of what it was like). There are a few useful sites for this. I love reading the accounts of [[Petrarch]] and [[Boccaccio]], some of the more famous chroniclers; see [http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/plague/perspectives/perspectives.shtml] (Petrarch, etc.)and [http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MA/DECINTRO.HTM] (Boccaccio's ''[[Decameron]]''). Also see the accounts of more common folk, like Henry Knighton of England [http://www.themediadrome.com/content/articles/blackdeath.htm], and Adnolo di Tura the Fat of Siena [http://housatonic.net/Documents/627.htm] -- though I wish I could find the full text of these accounts, I hate the highlights, which seem to be the same quote on every website. Enjoy! (I feel kind of guilty about saying enjoy about the Black Death...) --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 01:10, 19 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 
== Article name change ==
 
As is typical on Wikipedia, someone made a name change on a major article without any discussion first, and we now have a rats nest of incoming links that are unresolved. I would like to hear the justification for this change, and who is going to spend the time to clean up the incoming links. If these things are not resolved, I recommend we change it back to its original name untill these issues are resolved. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 21:10, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
*I recommend we change it right now, I would have already but I'm in the middle of other things. And it looks as it the mover went offline right after the move. The move is against policy to exclude articles (grammatical ones, I mean) in titles. Actually, it's kind of funny, have you looked at [[User talk:Mkweise|Mkweise's talk page]] (the mover). --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 21:20, 24 May 2005 (UTC)
*I vote to change it back as well. Our mover is an admin., no less, but his talk page reveals a tendency to make odd and perhaps inappropriate title changes. I asked him to respond here with his reasoning. We shall see..........[[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 07:46, 25 May 2005 (UTC)
 
::Yes, our general policy is to omit articles from titles. In this case, however, the inclusion or omission of the definite article changes the meaning of the phrase: '''"The Black Death"''' refers to the historical epidemic and the period of European history characterized by it, whereas '''"Black Death"''' is simply a synonym for [[bubonic plague]]. While we have many policies governing article naming, the prime directive remains is that the name of an article should identify its subject.
 
::Also, note that this article had originally been started at [[The Black Death]] and then moved to [[Black Death]] by cutting-and-pasting rather than the ''move'' command, requiring a delete-move-undelete in order to reconstitute the article history. As for my talk page, LOL...the dozen or so cases where someone objected are somewhere around 1% of all the page moves I've performed over the years. No big deal, as it's just as easy for anyone to move back if called for by consensus. [[User:Mkweise|Mkweise]] 14:56, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 
:::The prime directive is it be clear. Almost all incoming links are [[Black Death]], without the the. For the bubonic plague it is clearly identified as such in the disambig. No one has a problem w/ that. More significant, you made a name change on a major article w/out discussion or consensus or fixing broken links; no matter what the reasoning, it was wrong to do so. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 17:49, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
::::Black Death used properly always refers to this event, and not a disease. Indeed, if you read the page, you'll see that there is no agreement that the disease even ''was'' bubonic plague. And, as ''The'' Black Death is neither a title of a work, or an official name, it needs no article. From the convention: "If the definite or indefinite article article would be capitalized in running text, then include it at the beginning of the page name. Otherwise, do not include it at the beginning of the page name." We say <u>t</u>he Black Death. Besides, if your purpose in changing the title is to correct the meaning of the term, then you should have redirected just "Black Death" to [[bubonic plague]], which is the meaning you assign it. But surely this would ruin most links here, so there's no point. --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 19:38, 26 May 2005 (UTC)
 
== That graph again ==
 
I tried to fix the [[:Image:BlackDeath graph.jpg]], but ran into some difficulty as I neither have Excel nor am I very good at this type of stuff. Could someone else can fix it? It needs to be recreated to clear up copyright status and make it better. Thanks. --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 19:43, 29 May 2005 (UTC)
 
:Is it even fixable? A graph like that needs a lot of support (a book even). I also dont think its accurate as it misses the Great Famine (I made a note to that effect). It also shows a steep upward climb after the back death, which is not what happened according to most demographers. I think the graph has a lot of problems, but is visually dramatic. We need better supporting evidence, in fact the whole thing could easily be challenged on original research grounds.[[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 00:05, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
::Right, I certainly agree with you there. Indeed, I went to the site it says it comes from and the numbers don't match up (the site has no numbers specific to 1351, for example). Although, if you do go to that website, [http://www.hyw.com/books/history/Black_De.htm], some kind of online book, the numbers for total European population seem to be mainstream. 1345 levels aren't reached again until just after 1500. If we used just those numbers, it would show the whole crisis of the fourteenth century in one drop, which is dramatic and accurate, if oversimplified. We could work with that, but I'd like numbers before and after the plague too, so it doesn't look like it lasted until 1400, then went straight up. And stress ''estimates''. --[[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]] 06:00, 30 May 2005 (UTC)
 
== Plague and the silk road ==
 
Does it say anywhere how the plague was spread along the silk road?
:The Silk Road was one of the most trafficked trade routes between Europe and East Asia. Presumably the Black Death could have spread along that route just as it did though Europe's trade routes. I'm not sure what the question is here... [[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]]·[[User talk:Dmcdevit|t]] 21:46, 11 October 2005 (UTC)
 
== Recurrence of the plague ==
 
Under the Recurrence section, it says that the plague disappeared after the Great Plague of London in 1665-66, and yet at the top it talks about the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. This doesn't add up :S Can anyone help?
:My sense is that the Vienna plague is both less major (or just less well known) and less certain to be bubonic plague. In any case, I think the convention, rightly or wrongly, is to credit teh Great Plague of london as the last major occurence. I've reworded the sentence to make it less strong/definitive. Does that clear it up? [[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]]·[[User talk:Dmcdevit|t]] 23:44, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 
== "34 million" ==
 
I despise reverts, especially since you can't explain much reasoning in an edit summary, so let me just explain here. I don't think it's a great idea to have a specific number in the very first sentence, as the figure varies so widely among reliable estmates that prominently placing "34 million" unduly implies some kind authoritativeness where there is little. The previous just "one-third" worked well. The [[Black_Death#Depopulation|depopulation]] section exists to analyze the figure, and does it more justice. Incidentally, that section cites 25 million as the most common figure, which is what I have always thought it was (though I may have wrote that section, so, eh). i.e., Europe's population was about 75-80 million, 1/3 die, equals about 25 million, but these are just ''very'' rough guestimates, extrapolated from smaller data. I'm interested which reference 34 million comes from, especially as 3''4'' and not a rounder figure like 3''5'' implies some kind of exactitude. [[User:Dmcdevit|Dmcdevit]]·[[User talk:Dmcdevit|t]] 22:08, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 
Per the manual of style, the lead section is a summary generalized account designed to give an overview and draw readers attention, with the body of the article to detail specifics. [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 23:06, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
 
:I reverted back to the 34 million because I think a number is important for a reader who has no idea of the base population of Europe at the time. Numbers project the reality of the massive death toll more than percentages. Historical numbers are always suspect, subject to debate, and estimates at best. I suspect the 34 million is a quote/reference in an early version of the article. However, it wouldn't hurt to try and come up with a list of estimates and refine our figure. We could put in a low to high range.
:I will try and go through my library in the next couple of weeks and see what estimates are available. Why don't you guys do the same. I have a couple of relatively current books -- but modern estimates are always based on the primary documents. During my academic lifetime at least, opinions have swung widely --- from "they were all exaggerated" to accepting their accounts without question. Since English speakers more readily access English primary documents, many estimates are based on the English experience, which most historians agree was higher than 30 percent. Areas in Eastern Europe had so few plague accounts that their information is usually not included. Outside of Europe, Middle Eastern and Asian sources are even harder to deal with. All these things make the process a frustrating one. Please don't take my revert personally. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 03:40, 26 October 2005 (UTC)
 
== Map somewhat anachronistic ==
 
I like the map which shows the spread of the plague, but it's a bit anachronistic. Preferably, it would show the country borders at the time, instead of the present borders. [[User:Junes|Junes]] 20:47, 14 January 2006 (UTC)
 
== Black Death caused Ice Age? ==
 
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4755328.stm
 
:the "[[Little Ice Age|''Little'' Ice Age]]" of the 15th century, not the actual [[Ice Age]]. [[User:Dbachmann|dab]] <small>[[User_talk:Dbachmann|('''&#5839;''')]]</small> 14:00, 28 February 2006 (UTC)
 
:Although this observation is citable, it seems farfetched. This is a case of something brand new that hasn't had time to be researched.
 
== How did it end? ==
 
How did the black death disappear? I mean how do you phase out a disease without doing anything?
[[User:wally]] 01:14, 21 Mar 2006 (UTC)
 
:Basically, epidemics end when a substantial portion of the susceptible population has either:
 
:# Died, or
:# Contracted the disease, developed immunities, and survived.
 
:Below a certain population density of susceptible subjects, an epidemic dies out.
 
:[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 14:40, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 
::Or simply the disease stops spreading for whatever reason, such as isolating infected individuals. If, in aggregate, the number of people becoming infected is equal to or greater than the number of people already infected, a disease is considered spreading. If the opposite is true, the disease is dieing out. So if you get the disease, but don't infect anyone else, you are contributing to the end of the epidemic, regardless of anything else. This is why the number one most important factor in an epidemic is isolating sick individuals. Also the black death returned every generation for centuries in smaller less lethal flare-ups and mutations, it never really entirely disappeared (article discusses it). -- [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 15:23, 23 March 2006 (UTC)
 
Delta 32, a gene mutation. [[User:Devtrash|Devtrash]] 02:52, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
 
== Last Death ==
Section below moved from article for clarification. Last Black Death victim?? Last victim of bubonic plague?? Date of death?? Source?? [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 00:08, 8 April 2006 (UTC)
 
:"A Swedish captain named Johan Strandberg in Norrtälje in Stockholm's skerries is the last known victim of this disease with deadly outcome [year unknown]."
 
== "Blackened" Skin - syndrome?? ==
Section below removed from article for clarification -- source? how does this differ from the symptom presented in the article? [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 01:15, 25 April 2006 (UTC)
 
:''...called [[DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)]], in which sufferers' skin would blacken due to subdermal haemorrhages, DIC by its self was fatal and still is today.'''
 
== Protection? ==
 
Should we consider asking for temporary protection? The volume of vandalism over the past two days have been unprecedent. I think there have been over 75 edits and the article has not changed. -- [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 22:35, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
 
:Couldn't hurt. The topic must be on a major High School reading list or something. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 00:53, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 
::[[Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection#Black_Death_.28edit.7Ctalk.7Clinks.7Chistory.7Cwatch.29|Request for page protection "Black Death"]] -- [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 14:45, 27 April 2006 (UTC)
 
== Ring Around the Rosey ==
 
[[User:68.82.185.66|68.82.185.66]] added and another user reverted the following text:
 
:''the childrens song rimg around the rosey talks abuot the black death it tells you what the disease was like.''
 
This wasn't very well written, but it is essentially true. Would someone care to take a stab at writing this better?
 
[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 21:25, 1 May 2006 (UTC)
:This is not in the article as it is an urban legend. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 00:10, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 
Curiously enough, our own [[Ring a Ring O'Roses]] article isn't quite as sure as you are.
 
[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 01:23, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 
:Here is a reference cited further up on this page. Reference at [http://www.snopes.com/language/literary/rosie.htm Snopes] -- [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 01:25, 2 May 2006 (UTC)
 
== Plague in America ==
 
I have heard that there are currently animals infected with the plague running about in the United States. The map on your "Third Pandemic" page confirms this, although there is no mention of the plague in America in the text itself. I had heard that the plague was brought over from Europe or something to control the prairie dog population (wise decision).
 
:Re at least your first statement, a'yup. See:
 
::http://www.jacksonholestartrib.com/articles/2006/05/21/news/regional/837a3691f3c07a0687257173005ab370.txt
 
:[[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 11:32, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 
::I don't know about the prairie dog control idea -- sounds like something government would do. But isolated populations of California rodents were infected with plague during the Third Pandemic outbreak. It hit San Francisco when infected rats, fleas and people arrived in port from areas of China and India. New York City faced a similar problem in their dock area. The SF city rodents evidently spread the disease to some rural areas, and it has since staked out a place in wilderness areas. However, plague outbreaks and human casulties have always been limited in the western US. [[User:WBardwin|WBardwin]] 21:41, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 
:::There is a small presence of black plague today in the US. But this is not for this article. [[User:Tazmaniacs|Tazmaniacs]] 17:48, 29 June 2006 (UTC)
 
== important to put into perspective. ==
 
while the plague killed up to one third of 14th century Europe's population, I think it is important to mention that the other two thirds of the population died of other causes... '''no one''' survived.
 
<small>someone erased this comment saying it's a joke, but my comment is not a joke. it gives an important perspective that many people who might come here from e.g. SARS, foot-and-mouth, bird-flu, etc, would appreciate. Can you think of any reason for NOT adding it? </small> <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:82.131.188.6|82.131.188.6]] ([[User talk:82.131.188.6|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/82.131.188.6|contribs]]) {{{2|}}}.</small>
 
:I don't get your point. "people who come here from foot-and-mouth.."?? The article is about the Black Death, not death in general. It seems pretty obvious that we all die of something, and that no one from the 14th century is still alive. -- [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 20:25, 25 June 2006 (UTC)
 
:: What? It's NOT all obvious "we all die", most people today aren't dead, and won't be anytime soon (or maybe ever) but '''everyone''' from 14th century Europe is! <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:82.131.188.123|82.131.188.123]] ([[User talk:82.131.188.123|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/82.131.188.123|contribs]]) {{{2|}}}.</small>
 
:::''It's NOT all obvious "we all die"'' - are you sure this is not a joke? Are there people then who don't die? -- [[User:Stbalbach|Stbalbach]] 13:43, 26 June 2006 (UTC)
::::I think this is essentially daft to include, but since on the subject I think I once saw a statistic that most human beings have in fact not died, ever, and so the average human lifespan is effectively open ended and indeterminate. [[User:Sandpiper|Sandpiper]] 07:46, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
:::::If I understand this correctly, it is untrue. More humans have died than are currently alive. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 14:47, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 
::::::Are you sure? What are the respective numbers? (And keep mindful that world population has really boomed in the last few decades.) [[User:Atlant|Atlant]] 14:52, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
:Most numbers I have seen put it at around 40 billion humans in history versus 6 billion alive today. Here is one person's derivation: [http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/may2000/957452021.Ev.r.html] [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 23:16, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 
==HIV resistance==
I seem to recall reading that a small number of people survived the Black Death by virtue of being naturally immune to the disease. That there were some identifiable and traceable examples from isolated communities, and furthermore that this immunity (considerably increased in the population by virtue of killling off those who did not have it) also conferred immunity to HIV. [[User:Sandpiper|Sandpiper]] 07:46, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
:This is already in the article. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] 14:47, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
 
== Casualties ==
 
what are the number of casualties in the black death? how many ppl died? <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:222.153.36.13|222.153.36.13]] ([[User talk:222.153.36.13|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/222.153.36.13|contribs]]) {{{2|}}}.</small>
 
== Black Death vs Great mortality ==
 
I think it should be good to include in the article somewhere that the people who lived during the plague years never called it that. They had a lot of names and almost everyone include some synonyme for big or great. In England there is "Great pestilence" and and "Great mortality" and even "Unprecedented pestilence". In Germany "Pestilentia magna" or "Grosse sterfde" (Big death),, in france "La gran mortalitat", in Italy "Grande moria" and so on. As far as I know the name "Black death" in any language did not appear until at least about 200 years afterwards and then first in Sweden and Denmark. From there it spread to Germany and onwards through the continent. It doesn't appear in Great Britain until 1823. I dont want to change the name of the article but I do feel that the name by which it was originally known should be mentioned somewhere. What do you think? [[User:Kurben|Kurben]] 17:47, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
:Sorry! I see it is mentioned. Must have missed somehow. But Iceland? I thought that the Black Death didn't get there until 1402? Am I wrong again? [[User:Kurben|Kurben]] 17:58, 10 September 2006 (UTC)
 
==Sanguine Groups?==
What is meant by "some historians have assumed that the presence of sanguine groups in the local population helped them resist the disease" in section Europe and Middle East? [[User:Icemuon|Icemuon]] 14:43, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
 
:I think they mean "blood groups". There's a theory out there, and the only reference I've seen to it is in a book by (IIRC) Richard Gordon, that people with Type B blood are less attractive to fleas. If so, and if plague is spread by fleas, and if the Black Death was plague (as I think it almost certainly is), then people with Type B blood would be less likely to develop bubonic plague. However I have no current reliable source for this. --[[User:Charlene.fic|<font color="blue" face="Matisse ITC">Charlene</font>]] 22:08, 17 November 2006 (UTC)
 
== Consequences -> Medicine ==
 
Perhaps a Medicine section could be added under Consequences. [[Gui de Chauliac]], the personal physician of Pope Clement IV, was given the authority to perform autopsies. He also continued to try treating the afflicted. More importantly, he documented everything he could find with regards to anatomy and the disease's pathology. It seems he had a fairly big impact on medicine. The [[Chirurgia magna]] article claims it was an important reference for 300 years.
 
This French page has some details of his life and of what he wrote in the Chirurgia magna. [http://www.medarus.org/Medecins/MedecinsTextes/chauliac.html] I wasn't able to find a good article in English, although i didn't look very hard.
 
Later on, during an outbreak 200 years after the plague, [[Nostradamus]] tried to treat the disease. I don't think he's really credited with advancing medicine much.
 
300 years after the Black Death, [[John Graunt]] studied the outbreaks in London. He is considered one of the first experts in [[epidemiology]].
 
There are probably some other advances in medicine based on the Black Death. I'd say that at least Gui de Chauliac seems notable enough to at least be mentioned.
 
--[[User:Klhuillier|Kevin L&#39;Huillier]] 00:08, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
 
== Palastine? Gaza? ==
 
In this article on the "Black Death" in the section on the Middle East Out Break, it says the following
 
"During 1348, the disease travelled eastward to Gaza, and north along the eastern coast to cities in Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, including Asqalan, Acre, Jerusalem, Sidon, Damascus, Homs, and Aleppo."
 
This statement is quite confusing. At the time, that area was not called "Lebanon, Syria and Palestine," and now it is not called that. When they say Palestine, do they mean the modern state of Israel or the entire region which is really commonly referred to as Judea-Sumeria?
 
Do they mean the city of Gaza, of just that little strip?
 
Here is a link to the wikipedia article that includes a history of the name of "The Holy Land" or "Judea-Sumeria"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_%28region%29
 
Thank you!
 
== Incorrect Link to Chinese Wikipedia ==
 
The link to different language (right to the article)is incorrect for Chinese language. How to change it?
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