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[[Image:Charles Montesquieu.jpg|thumb|right|Montesquieu in 1728.]]

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'''Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu''' ([[January 18]], [[1689]] in Bordeaux – [[February 10]], [[1755]]), more commonly known as '''Montesquieu''', was a [[France|French]] social commentator and political thinker who lived during the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]. He is famous for his articulation of the theory of [[separation of powers]], taken for granted in modern discussions of [[government]] and implemented in many [[constitution]]s throughout the world. He was largely responsible for the popularization of the terms [[feudalism]] and [[Byzantine Empire]].

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<div style="float: right; width: 100px; margin-bottom: 1em; "> {{Shortcut|[[WP:GCOTW]]}}</div>

Each week a '''Gaming Collaboration of the week''' will be picked using this page.

This is a specific [[video game]]-related topic which initially either has no article, has only a basic [[Wikipedia:Find or fix a stub|stub]]-like page, or is in need of more information. The aim of this project is to improve the quality of Wikipedia's video game articles through widespread cooperative editing. It is our hope that some of these will go on to become [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games/Featured articles|featured articles]]. For a discussion on the correct format of computer and video game articles, please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games|WikiProject Video games]].

== Biography ==

The project is also used to fill gaps in Wikipedia, to give users a focus, and to give us all something to be proud of. Any registered user can nominate an article and can vote for any number of the nominated articles. Every Monday, the votes are tallied, and the winner will be promoted for a week to potential contributors.

After having studied at the Catholic [[College of Juilly]], he married Jeanne de Latrigue, a Protestant who brought him a substantial dowry when he was 26. The next year, he inherited a fortune upon the death of his uncle, as well as the title Baron de [[Montesquieu]] and [[Président à Mortier]] in the [[Parlement]] of Bordeaux. By that time, England had declared itself a constitutional monarchy in the wake of its [[Glorious Revolution]] (1688–89), and had joined with [[Scotland]] in the [[Union of 1707]] to form the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]. And in 1715 the long-reigning [[King Louis XIV|Sun King]], Louis XIV died and was succeeded by the weaker and more feeble Louis XV. These national transformations impacted Montesquieu greatly; he would later refer to them repeatedly in his work.

{{CurrentGCOTW}}

:Add the above template to your [[Special:MyPage|user page]] adding: <nowiki>{{CurrentGCOTW}}</nowiki>

Soon afterwards he achieved literary success with the publication of his ''Lettres persanes'' (''[[Persian Letters]]'', 1721), a [[satire]] based on the imaginary correspondence of an [[Oriental]] visitor to [[Paris]], pointing out the absurdities of contemporary society. He next published ''Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence'' (''[[Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans]]'', 1734), considered by some scholars a transition from ''The Persian Letters'' to his master work. ''De l'Esprit des Lois'' (''[[The Spirit of the Laws]]'') was originally published anonymously in [[1748]] and quickly rose to a position of enormous influence. In France, it met with an unfriendly reception from both supporters and opponents of the regime. The Roman Catholic Church banned ''l'Esprit'' – along with many of Montesquieu's other works – in 1751 and included it on the papacy's notorious [[Index Librorum Prohibitorum|Index]]. But from the rest of Europe, especially Britain, it received the highest praise.

Previous collaborations can be found at [[/History]].<br>

Removed nominations can be found at [[/Removed]].

Montesquieu was also highly regarded in the British colonies in America as a champion of British liberty (though not of American independence). Political scientist Donald Lutz found that Montesquieu was the most frequently quoted authority on government and politics in colonial pre-revolutionary British America.<ref>"The Relative Influence of European Writers on Late Eighteenth-Century American Political Thought," ''American Political Science Review'' 78,1(March, 1984), 189-197.</ref> And following the American secession, Montesquieu remained a powerful influence on many of the [[United States|American]] Founders, most notably [[James Madison]] of [[Virginia]], the "Father of the Constitution." Montesquieu's philosophy that "government should be set up so that no man need be afraid of another" reminded Madison and others that a free and stable foundation for their new national government required the inclusion of a clearly defined and balanced separation of powers.

==Selecting the next Gaming Collaboration of the week==

===Considerations for nominations===

Besides composing additional works on society and politics, Montesquieu traveled for a number of years through [[Europe]] including [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]], spending a year in [[Italy]] and eighteen months in [[England]] before resettling in [[France]]. He was troubled by poor eyesight, and was completely blind by the time he died from a high fever in [[1755]]. He was buried in L'église [[Saint-Sulpice]] in Paris, France.

* Giving reasons ''why'' an article should become the ''GCOTW'' may convince others to support your nomination.

* Can the wider gaming community easily contribute to the article? Or is it something only a small number of people will know about?

* Is the article a stub or very small? Or would the article fare better in a [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games/Peer review|CVG Peer Review?]]

* A good place to look for articles that might be worthy of a nomination is the [[:Category:Video game stubs|Video game stubs category]].

* Another good place to look for articles is the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games/New article announcements|new CVG article creation log]]. New articles are mostly stubs and are therefore viable nominations for the GCOTW.

== Political views ==

===How to nominate===

Montesquieu's most radical work divided French society into three classes (or ''[[trias politica]]'', a term he coined): the monarchy, the aristocracy, and the commons. Montesquieu saw two types of governmental power existing: the sovereign and the administrative. The administrative powers were the [[legislative]], the [[executive (government)|executive]], and the [[judiciary]]. These should be separate from and dependent upon each other so that the influence of any one power would not be able to exceed that of the other two, either singly or in combination. This was radical because it completely eliminated the three ''Estates'' structure of the French Monarchy: the [[clergy]], the aristocracy, and the people at large represented by the [[Estates-General]], thereby erasing the last vestige of a [[feudalism|feudalistic]] structure.

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|<div><big>'''Add nomination'''</big></div>

Copy and paste the following template to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Gaming_Collaboration_of_the_week&action=edit&section=7 bottom of the list of nominations] on this page and fill it out.

==={{srcLink|Article}}===

{{tlp|GCOTWcount|start&#61;{{#time:F j, Y}}&#124;votes&#61;1}}

<nowiki><!-- Remember to update the vote counter when you place your vote! --></nowiki>

; Support:

# <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>

; Comments:

* (put your reason for nomination) <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>

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|<div><big>'''Notify'''</big></div>

After submitting the new nomination, go to the nominated article and put

'''<nowiki>{{cvgproj|GCOTW=yes}}</nowiki>'''{{tl|to do}}

on the top of the article's '''talk page'''. Consider filling in the to do list that appears so other contributors can see what work needs to be done.

(skip {{tl|to do}} if it's already present on the article's talk page)

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Likewise, there were three main forms of government, each supported by a social "principle": [[monarchy|monarchies]] (free governments headed by a hereditary figure, e.g. king, queen, emperor), which rely on the [[Honour|principle of honor]]; [[republic]]s (free governments headed by popularly elected leaders), which rely on the [[Virtue|principle of virtue]]; and [[despot|despotisms]] (enslaved governments headed by [[dictator]]s), which rely on [[fear]]. The free governments are dependent on fragile constitutional arrangements. Montesquieu devotes four chapters of ''The Spirit of the Laws'' to a discussion of England, a contemporary free government, where liberty was sustained by a balance of powers. Montesquieu worried that in France the intermediate powers (i.e., the nobility) which moderated the power of the prince were being eroded.

===Voting===

A vote or a show of support for an article shows your commitment to support and aid in collaborating on that specific article if it is chosen. Although you are not required to fulfill that commitment, we ask that you only support articles that you are able to contribute to so that this collaboration's goals of expanding and improving articles can adequately be achieved. Feel free to vote for as many candidates as you like.

Like many of his generation, Montesquieu held a number of views that might today be judged controversial. While he endorsed the idea that a woman could head a government, he held that she could not be effective as the head of a family. He firmly accepted the role of a hereditary aristocracy and the value of [[primogeniture]]. His views have also been abused by modern [[Revisionism|revisionists]]; for instance, even though Montesquieu was ahead of his time as an ardent opponent of [[slavery]], he has been quoted out of context in attempts to show he supported it.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

Any registered user is encouraged to vote so long as you abide by the policies of Wikipedia, specifically [[Wikipedia:Sockpuppets]].

One of his more exotic ideas, outlined in ''[[The Spirit of the Laws]]'' and hinted at in ''Persian Letters'', is the [meteorological] climate theory, which holds that [[climate]] may substantially influence the nature of man and his society. He goes so far as to assert that certain climates are superior to others, the temperate climate of France being ideal. His view is that people living in very warm countries are "too hot-tempered," while those in northern countries are "icy" or "stiff." The climate of middle Europe is therefore optimal. On this point, Montesquieu may well have been influenced by similar statements in ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'' by [[Tacitus]], one of Montesquieu's favorite authors.

Please add only support votes. Opposing votes will not affect the result, as the winner is simply the one with the most support votes (see [[Approval voting]]).

==Notes==

To vote for a nomination, edit the nomination and add the following to the bottom of the ''Support'' section:

<references/>

# <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>

This adds your username and a time stamp to the numbered list item. The vote will look like this:

# [[Username]] 08:59, Jul 1 2005 (UTC)

==Further reading==

If you wish to withdraw your vote, do not remove your vote; instead, add an asterisk and strike-through tags to your vote as shown:

{{French literature (small)}}

<nowiki>#</nowiki>'''<nowiki>* <s></nowiki>'''<nowiki>[[User:Username|Username]] 08:59, Jul 1 2005 (UTC)</nowiki>'''<nowiki></s></nowiki>'''

* Pangle, Thomas, ''Montesquieu’s Philosophy of Liberalism'' (Chicago: 1989 rpt.; 1973).

This allows Wikipedia to correctly calculate the remaining votes and will appear like this:

* Person, James Jr., ed. “Montesquieu” (excerpts from chap. 8) in ''Literature Criticism from 1400 to 1800'', (Gale Publishing: 1988), vol. 7, pp. 350-52.

* Shackleton, Robert. ''Montesquieu; a Critical Biography''. (Oxford: 1961).

* Schaub, Diana J. ''Erotic Liberalism: Women and Revolution in Montesquieu's'' 'Persian Letters'. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995).

* Spurlin, Paul M. ''Montesquieu in America, 1760-1801'' (New York: Octagon Books, 1961).

== List of works ==

# [[Username]] 08:39, 1 July 2005 (UTC)

* ''Les causes de l'écho'' (''The Causes of an Echo'')

#* <s>[[Username]] 08:59, 1 July 2005 (UTC)</s>

* ''Les glandes rénales'' (''The Renal Glands'')

# [[Username]] 08:39, 2 July 2005 (UTC)

* ''La cause de la pesanteur des corps'' (''The Cause of Gravity of Bodies'')

* ''La damnation éternelle des païens'' (''The Eternal Damnation of the Pagans'', 1711)

* ''Système des Idées'' (''System of Ideas'', 1716)

* ''[[Lettres persanes]]'' (''Persian Letters'', 1721)

* ''Le Temple de Gnide'' (''The Temple of Gnide'', a novel; 1724)

* ''Arsace et Isménie'' (''(The True History of) Arsace and Isménie'', a novel; 1730)

* ''Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence'' (''Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans'', 1734)

* ''[[De l'esprit des lois]]'' (''(On) The Spirit of the Laws'', 1748)

* ''La défense de «L'Esprit des lois»'' (''In Defence of "The Spirit of the Laws"'', 1748)

* ''Pensées suivies de Spicilège'' (''Thoughts after Spicilège'')

===Ties= See also ==

{{portalpar|Philosophy|Socrates.png}}

In case of a tie, voting will be extended for 24 hours. If there is still a tie, the candidate that was nominated first wins. During the extended voting period the old collaboration will still be active. In the case of extended voting, the collaboration period will be reduced to 6 days.

* [[Liberalism]]

* [[Contributions to liberal theory]]

* [[French Government]]

* [[Napoleon]]

== External links ==

===Pruning===

{{wikiquote}}

Nominations will be moved to [[/Removed]] if they have not received 3 votes after 7 days on the list, 6 votes after 14 days, 9 votes after 21 days, and so on.

{{wikisource author|Montesquieu}}

* [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=Montesquieu&amode=words Free full-text works online]

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10536a.htm Montesquieu] in The Catholic Encyclopedia.

* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/montesquieu/ Montesquieu] in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

* [http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/montesquieu.html Timeline of Montesquieu's Life]

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after= [[Jean-Baptiste de Vivien de Châteaubrun]]

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==Candidates for next week==

<!-- PLEASE ADD NEW NOMINATIONS TO THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE -->

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===[[Kirby Super Star]]===

[[Category:1689 births|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

{{GCOTWcount|start=March 20, 2007|votes=6}}

[[Category:1755 deaths|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

<!-- Remember to update the vote counter when you place your vote! -->

[[Category:18th century philosophers|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

; Support:

[[Category:Early modern philosophers|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

# [[User:A Link to the Past|A Link to the Past]] [[User talk:A Link to the Past|(talk)]] 19:09, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

[[Category:Enlightenment philosophers|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

# [[User:DisasterKirby|DisasterKirby]] 20:16, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

[[Category:French nobility|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

# [[User:Joizashmo|Joiz]] [[A|^A.]] [[User Talk: Joizashmo|Shmo]] 22:45, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

[[Category:French philosophers|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

# <small><font color="AE1C28">[[User:Jacoplane|JACO]]</font><font color="#21468B">[[User_talk:Jacoplane|PLANE]]</font> &bull; 2007-03-20 23:47</small>

[[Category:Liberalism|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

# [[User:Kevinwong913|Kevinwong913]] 00:57, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

[[Category:Members of the Académie française|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

#[[User:NiGHTS into Dreams...|NiGHTS into Dreams...]] 00:17, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

[[Category:Philosophers of law|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

; Comments:

[[Category:Political philosophers|Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de]]

* Arguably the best Kirby game ever made, and one of the best-selling in the series if not THE best-selling. - [[User:A Link to the Past|A Link to the Past]] [[User talk:A Link to the Past|(talk)]] 19:09, 20 March 2007 (UTC)

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===[[Baldur's Gate series]]===

{{GCOTWcount|start=March 21, 2007|votes=2}}

<!-- Remember to update the vote counter when you place your vote! -->

; Support:

#[[User:Pece Kocovski|Pece Kocovski]] 08:51, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

#[[User:Mika1h|Mika1h]] 23:17, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

[[ar:مونتيسكيو]]

; Comments:

[[bg:Шарл дьо Монтескьо]]

The best bioware, fantasy and overall a great game series, really needs work on it.

[[ca:Montesquieu]]

[[cs:Charles Louis Montesquieu]]

==[[Government simulation game]]==

[[da:Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu]]

[[de:Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu]]

{{GCOTWcount|start=March 25, 2007|votes=1}}

[[et:Charles de Montesquieu]]

<!-- Remember to update the vote counter when you place your vote! -->

[[el:Μοντεσκιέ]]

; Support:

[[es:Montesquieu]]

# [[User:Tarinth|Tarinth]] [[User:Tarinth|Tarinth]] 12:38, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

[[eo:Charles Montesquieu]]

[[fa:شارل دو مونتسکیو]]

; Comments:

[[fr:Montesquieu]]

* This is an important genre within video gaming. Previously, the article was a wreck and was actually nominated for deletion. I made a number of improvements to it a few months back, and it is now relatively stable with a bunch of well-referenced information, but it could use a little more help. If a little more time is spent with it, this article could probably reach GA status soon. [[User:Tarinth|Tarinth]] 12:38, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

[[gl:Charles de Montesquieu]]

[[zh-classical:孟德斯鳩]]

==Game-related articles nominated on other COTWs==

[[ko:샤를 루이 드 세콩다 몽테스키외]]

*[[Wikipedia:Article_Creation_and_Improvement_Drive#Nintendo_.28edit.7Ctalk.7Chistory.7Clinks.7Cwatch.7Clogs.29|Wikipedia:Article Creation and Improvement Drive#Nintendo]]

[[hr:Charles-Louis de Secondat Montesquieu]]

[[io:Charles de Montesquieu]]

==Other collaborations==

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{{COTWCurrentPicks}}

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[[he:מונטסקייה]]

[[Category:Wikipedia collaborations|Gaming Collaboration of the week]]

[[la:Carolus Montesquieu]]

[[Category:WikiProject Video games|Gaming Collaboration of the week]]

[[lt:Šarlis Monteskjė]]

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[[nl:Charles Montesquieu]]

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[[no:Charles Montesquieu]]

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[[pt:Charles de Montesquieu]]

[[ro:Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu]]

[[ru:Монтескьё, Шарль Луи]]

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[[sk:Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu]]

[[fi:Charles-Louis de Secondat de Montesquieu]]

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[[uk:Монтеск'є Шарль]]

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