James Watt and Lineage II: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox CVG| title = Lineage II

:''For other people named "James Watt" see [[James Watt (disambiguation)]]''.

|image = [[Image:LineageIIbox.jpg|200px|]]

|developer = [[NCsoft]]

|publisher = [[NCsoft]]<br />[[AsianMedia]] for South-East Asia

|designer =

| engine = [[Unreal engine#Unreal Engine 2|Unreal Engine 2.0]]

|released = [[Image:Flag of South Korea.svg|22px|South Korea]] [[October 1]] [[2003]]<br/>[[Image:Flag of USA.svg|22px|USA]] [[April 27]] [[2004]]<br/>South-East Asia [[2007]]

|genre = [[MMORPG]]

|modes = [[Multiplayer]]

|ratings = [[ESRB]]: Teen (T)

|platforms = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]

|media = Download, [[Compact Disc|CD]], [[DVD]]

|requirements = 800 MHz [[Pentium III]] [[central processing unit|CPU]]<br/>384M [[random access memory|RAM]]<br/>[[GeForce 2]] [[graphics card]]<br/>8 [[gigabyte|GB]] [[hard disk]] space

|input = [[Computer Keyboard|Keyboard]], [[computer Mouse|Mouse]]

}}

'''''Lineage II: The Chaotic Throne''''' ([[Korean language|Korean]]:리니지 2) is a [[fantasy]] [[massively multiplayer online role-playing game]] ([[MMORPG]]), for the computer and sequel to ''[[Lineage (computer game)|Lineage]]''. It has become very popular since its [[October 1]], [[2003]] launch in [[South Korea]], reporting 610918 unique users during the month of [[March 2007]].<ref>[http://www.ncsoft.com/eng/nccompany/ir_data_report04.asp 1Q FY2007 Earnings Release(Consolidated)]</ref> Lineage II requires a $15 [[USD]] monthly fee to play for the United States regional server. Lineage II SEA ([[Southeast Asia|South-East Asia]]) monthly subscription rate is still to be announced by [[AsianMedia]] for the [[Philippines]], [[Singapore]] and [[Malaysia]].

[[Image:James Watt small.jpg|thumb|James Watt]]

'''James Watt''' ([[19 January]] [[1736]] &ndash; [[19 August]] [[1819]]) was a [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[inventor]] and [[engineer]] whose improvements to the [[steam engine]] were fundamental to the changes wrought by the [[Industrial Revolution]].

==Biography==

===Early years===

[[Image:James Watt Memorial College statue.jpg|thumb|left|A statue at the [[James Watt College]] building marks the site of his birthplace.]]

James Watt grew up in a house made of peacocks and flowers. James Watt was born on 19th of January, 1736 in [[Greenock]], a seaport on the [[Firth of Clyde]]. His father was a [[shipwright]], shipowner and contractor, while his mother, Agnes Muirhead, came from a distinguished family and was well-educated. Both were [[Presbyterian]]s and strong [[Covenanter]]s.

==Overview==

Watt attended school irregularly and instead was mostly [[schooled at home]] by his mother. He exhibited great manual dexterity, an aptitude for [[mathematics]], while [[Latin]] and [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] left him cold, and he absorbed the [[Scottish mythology|legends and lore]] of the [[Scottish people]].<ref>Carnegie, ch.1 </ref>

[[Image:Shot00011.jpg|thumb|left|Lineage 2 screenshot of an elven character]]

When he was seventeen, his mother died and his father's health had begun to fail. Watt travelled to [[London]] to study [[Measuring instrument|instrument]]-making for a year, then returned to Scotland &ndash; to [[Glasgow]] &ndash; intent on setting up his own instrument-making business. However, because he had not served at least seven years as an [[Apprenticeship|apprentice]], the Glasgow [[Guild]] of Hammermen (any [[artisan]]s using [[hammer]]s) blocked his application, despite there being no other mathematical instrument-makers in Scotland.

Players create a [[player character|character]] as their [[avatar (virtual reality)|avatar]] in the game's [[Middle Ages|medieval]]-style [[virtual world]]. Humans, Elves and Dark Elves start off in the Kingdom of Aden while Dwarves and Orcs start off in the Kingdom of Elmore (a more northernly section of the map). Players can choose from either fighter or mystic professions at the start, except for Dwarves which are only able to select the fighter profession. This choice acts as an archetype for later profession options. Each race has its own set of classes, even if humans, elves and darkelves have a lot of classes which are very similar to their counterparts in the other two races.

Players have a variety of things they can do for fun in the game. They play alone or as part of a group to fight monsters and complete quests for new skills, [[experience point]]s, and items. [[Player versus player]] (PvP) is a significant portion of the game. The game provides many social/politic/economic aspects which are developed through the community and by the actions in-game of single players. ''Lineage II'' features [[siege warfare]] like the original. To make sure PvP stays under control, the design includes a [[Karma]] system that provides negative consequences for killing other players when they are not fighting back.

Watt was saved from this impasse by the professors of the [[University of Glasgow]], who offered him the opportunity to set up a small workshop within the university. It was established in [[1757]] and one of the professors, the [[physicist]] and [[chemist]] [[Joseph Black]], became Watt's friend and mentor.

''Lineage II'' features greatly improved third-person 3D graphics over its predecessor. The game uses the [[Unreal 2.0 Engine]] developed by [[Epic Games]].

In [[1764]], Watt married his cousin Margaret Miller, with whom he had five children, two of whom survived to adulthood. She died in childbirth in 1773. In 1776 he married again, to Ann MacGregor, daughter of a Glasgow dye-maker, who survived him. She died in 1832.

===Steam engine=Saga==

Sagas are the set of Chronicles of Lineage II. The first time they introduced this is with the upcoming Saga 2: The Chaotic Throne which will start with the "Interlude". The first Saga was entitled "The Chaotic Chronicle" which started with the "Prelude".

{{main|Watt steam engine}}

Four years after opening his shop, Watt began to experiment with steam after his friend, Professor [[John Robison (physicist)|John Robison]], called his attention to it. At this point Watt had still never seen an operating steam engine, but he tried constructing a model. It failed to work satisfactorily, but he continued his experiments and began to read everything about it he could. He independently discovered the importance of [[latent heat]] in understanding the engine, which, unknown to him, Black had famously discovered some years before. He learned that the University owned a model [[Newcomen engine]], but it was in London for repairs. Watt got the university to have it returned, and he made the repairs in 1763. It too just barely worked, and after much experimentation he showed that about 80% of the heat of the steam was consumed in heating the [[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]], because the steam in it was condensed by an injected stream of cold water. His critical insight, to cause the steam to [[condense]] in a separate chamber apart from the [[piston]], and to maintain the temperature of the cylinder at the same temperature as the injected steam, came finally in 1765 and he soon had a working model.

==Chronicles==

Now came a long struggle to produce a full-scale engine. This required more capital, some of which came from Black. More substantial backing came from [[John Roebuck]], the founder of the celebrated [[Carron Iron Works]], near [[Falkirk]], with whom he now formed a partnership. But the principal difficulty was in machining the piston and cylinder. [[Iron]] workers of the day were more like [[blacksmith]]s than machinists, so the results left much to be desired. Much capital was spent in pursuing the ground-breaking [[patent]], which in those days required an [[act of parliament]]. Strapped for resources, Watt was forced to take up employment as a [[Surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]] for eight years. Roebuck went bankrupt, and [[Matthew Boulton]], who owned the [[Soho, Birmingham|Soho]] [[foundry]] works near [[Birmingham]], acquired his patent rights. Watt and Boulton formed a hugely successful partnership ([[Boulton and Watt|Boulton & Watt]]), which lasted for the next twenty-five years.

Chronicles are large-scale updates to Lineage II done every half a year. They are free expansions to the game that every subscriber must download in the form of a patch. As the "Chronicles" advance, a new story develops. There are major game alterations in each new Chronicle, and the game balance has greatly changed in every case so far. Each chronicle also adds a great deal of new content to the game, including new skills, quests, areas and items; some chronicles also increased the level cap.

=== Saga 1: The Chaotic Chronicle ===

Watt finally had access to some of the best iron workers in the world. The difficulty of the manufacture of a large cylinder with a tightly fitting piston was solved by [[John Wilkinson (industrialist)|John Wilkinson]] who had developed precision boring techniques for cannon making at [[Bersham Ironworks|Bersham]], near [[Wrexham]], [[ North Wales]]. Finally, in 1776, the first engines were installed and working in commercial enterprises. These first engines were used for pumps and produced only reciprocating motion. Orders began to pour in and for the next five years Watt was very busy installing more engines, mostly in Cornwall for pumping water out of mines.

==== Prelude (Chronicle 0)====

The field of application of the invention was greatly widened only after Boulton urged Watt to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston to produce rotational power for grinding, weaving and milling. Although a [[crank]] seemed the logical and obvious solution to the conversion Watt and Boulton were stymied by a patent for this, whose holder, John Steed, and associates proposed to cross-license the external condensor. Watt adamantly opposed this and they circumvented the patent by their [[sun and planet gear]] in [[1781]].

Lineage II went live in North America on April 27, 2004. All open beta players were required to purchase a copy of Lineage II to obtain a CD key to activate their previously used account. The purchase included the payment for the first month of gameplay. Prelude was the first time a monthly fee of $15 was charged.

There was no change in game mechanics between open beta and prelude.

Over the next six years, he made a number of other improvements and modifications to the steam engine. A double acting engine, in which the steam acted alternately on the two sides of the piston was one. A throttle valve to control the power of the engine, and a [[centrifugal governor]] to keep it from "running away" were very important. He described methods for working the steam expansively. A compound engine, which connected two or more engines was described. Two more patents were granted for these in 1781 and 1782. Numerous other improvements that made for easier manufacture and installation were continually implemented. One of these included the use of the steam [[indicator diagram|indicator]] which produced an informative plot of the pressure in the cylinder against its volume, which he kept as a [[trade secret]]. Another important invention, one of which Watt was most proud of, was the [[Parallel motion|three-bar linkage]] which produced the straight line motion required for the cylinder rod and pump, from the connected rocking beam, whose end moves in a [[circular arc]]. This was patented in [[1784]]. These improvements taken together produced an engine which was about five times as efficient in its use of fuel as the Newcomen engine.

Because of the danger of exploding boilers and <B>the ongoing</B> issues with leaks, Watt was opposed at first to the use of high pressure steam--essentially all of his engines used steam at near atmospheric pressure.

====Chronicle 1 : Harbingers of War====

In [[1794]] the partners established [[Boulton and Watt]] to exclusively manufacture steam engines, and this became a large enterprise. By 1824 it had produced 1164 steam engines having a total nominal [[horsepower]] of about 26,000. Boulton proved to be an excellent businessman, and both men eventually made fortunes.

Released June 29, 2004 Chronicle 1: Harbingers of War added stirring castle sieges, new fierce monsters, items and quests, and a significantly expanded 3D world. Among the many new quests available to players is the Dragon’s Cave quest, which results in a showdown with the massive Earth Dragon, Antharas <ref>http://www.gamershell.com/news/13845.html</ref>. Many of the new quests are designed to challenge higher level players, in particular. Also featured in Chronicle 1 are dozens of new weapons and skills for players to obtain. There will be clan housing, where clans can bid on clan halls through an auction system. Additionally, player and creature movement speeds were increased and new [[PvP]] arenas were added.

===Method=Chronicle and2 personality: Age of Splendor====

In Chronicle 1, when a clan successfully won a castle siege, there was not much gained from it other than reputation and pride. After Chronicle 2 was released [[December 8, 2004]], a manor system was added. New parts of the map were added as well, such as the water city of Heine, Devastated Castle, Tower of Insolence, the castle of Innadril, the Aden Coliseum, Alligator Island, Field of Whispers, Field of Silence, and others.

[[Image:Jameswatt.JPG|thumb|Statue of James Watt at [[Heriot-Watt University]], [[Edinburgh]]]]

Watt was an enthusiastic inventor, with a fertile imagination that sometimes got in the way of finishing his works, because he could always see "just one more improvement." He was skilled with his hands, and was also able to perform systematic scientific measurements that could quantify the improvements he made and produce a greater understanding of the phenomenon he was working with.

====Chronicle 3 : Rise of Darkness====

Watt was a gentleman, greatly respected by other prominent men of the [[Industrial Revolution]]. He was an important member of the [[Lunar Society]], and was a much sought after conversationalist and companion, always interested in expanding his horizons. He was a rather poor businessman, and especially hated bargaining and negotiating terms with those who sought to utilize the steam engine. Until he retired, he was always much concerned about his financial affairs, and was something of a worrier. His personal relationships with his friends and partners was always congenial and long-lasting.

With Chronicle 3 released [[May 2005]], came a new twist to the L2 universe called the Seven Signs. The idea behind this twist is to pit two factions (Dusk & Dawn) against one another in a competition for Seals. This competition is voluntary but not joining may hinder progress later in the game (when one is a high level player). Seals are items dropped by [[Mob (computer gaming)|mobs]] that, when turned in, will give players Ancient Adena. Ancient Adena is another level of the Economy in L2 and allows players to purchase items they would not normally have access to.

===Later years===

Watt retired in 1800, the same year that his fundamental patent and partnership with Boulton expired. The famous partnership was transferred to the men's sons, Matthew Boulton and James Watt, Jr. William Murdoch was made a partner and the firm prospered.

Watt continued to invent other things before and during his semi-retirement. He invented a new method of measuring distances by telescope, a device for copying letters, improvements in the oil lamp, a steam [[mangle (machine)|mangle]] and a machine for copying sculpture.

The addition of the Seven Signs competition also brought a large number of dungeons across Aden called Catacombs and Necropolises, that only participants in the competition can access. For one week, players compete for and turn in as many seals as they can. Winners are given exclusive access to the Catacombs/Necropolis and the losing side will be locked out for one week. During this period, players can also exchange their seals for Ancient Adena. There is also a part called the Festival for parties of 6 or more. The party enters a room and kills monsters (also called mobs) until a time limit is up. This part of the Seven Signs also contributes to scoring in the Seals competition.

He and his second wife traveled to France and Germany, and he purchased an estate in Wales, which he much improved.

Other notable changes are: castle owners now have access to a fire-breathing Wyvern (Dragon) that they can fly around Aden (it should also be noted that they are very expensive to spawn and keep alive while in use); A Grade armor/weapons were added; and a subclass system was introduced that allows players to add another class to their character after level 75.

He died in his home "Heathfield" in [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[Staffordshire]] on 25th August, 1819 at the age of 84

====Chronicle 4: Scions of Destiny====

==Controversy==

As with many major inventions, there is some dispute as to whether Watt was the original sole inventor of some of the numerous inventions he patented. There is no dispute, however, that he was the sole inventor of his most important invention, the separate condenser. It was his practice (from around the 1780s) to pre-empt others' ideas which were known to him by filing patents with the intention of securing credit for the invention for himself, and ensuring that no one else was able to practise it. As he states in a letter to Boulton of [[17 August]] [[1784]]:

:"I have given such descriptions of engines for wheel carriages as I could do in the time and space I could allow myself; but it is very defective and can only serve to keep other people from similar patents".

Scions of Destiny was released on February 8, 2006. It featured expanded content in the form of new territories, enemies, summons, equipment, and a system designed to reward diligent, high level players that are victorious in a tournament in which they contend with other players in single combat. This expansion was released by NCSoft's North American counterpart on their Public Test Server on the 8th of January, 2006.

Some argue that his prohibitions on his employee [[William Murdoch]] from working with high pressure steam on his steam locomotive experiments delayed its development. Watt, with his partner Matthew Boulton, battled against rival engineers such as [[Jonathan Hornblower]] who tried to develop engines which did not fall foul of his patents.

====Chronicle 5: Oath of Blood====

Watt patented the application of the [[sun and planet gear]] to steam in 1781 and a [[steam locomotive]] in 1784, both of which have strong claims to have been invented by his employee, William Murdoch. Watt himself described the provenance of the invention of the sun and planet gear in a letter to Boulton from Watt dated, January 3rd, 1782, :

The Chronicle 5 expansion was released September 6, 2006. Clans received a makeover and the player level cap was raised to 80. New siegeable castles were added to the towns of Rune and Schuttgart. The Demonic Sword Zariche was introduced.

:"I have tried a model of one of my old plans of rotative engines revived and executed by W. M(urdock) and which merits being included in the specification as a fifth method..."

The patent was never contested by Murdoch, who remained an employee of Boulton and Watt for most of his life, and Boulton and Watt's firm continued to use the sun and planet gear in their rotative engines, even long after the patent for the crank expired in 1794.

Clan reputation can now be earned through Clan Academy, Clan Warfare, Clan Hall Battles and Clan Quests. Clan Reputation can be used to increase the rank of the clan to unlock clan skills and items. Clans of rank 5 and higher can create academies for the purpose of training and developing clan members. Members that complete their second class transfers through the academy receive commemorative items and increases the clan's reputation. Clan members of level 5 and higher can obtain a clan title. Clans can now have a maximum of 140 players, compared to the previous 40 players; accordingly, alliances can now only have 3 clans, instead of the previous limit of 12.

==Legacy==

James Watt's improved steam engine transformed the Newcomen engine, which had hardly changed for fifty years, into a source of power that transformed the world of work, and was the key innovation that brought forth the [[Industrial Revolution]]. The importance of the invention can hardly be underestimated--it gave us the modern world. A key feature of it was that it brought the engine out of the remote coal fields into [[Factory|factories]] where many mechanics, engineers, and even tinkerers were exposed to its virtues and limitations. It was a platform for generations of inventors to improve. It was clear to many that higher pressures produced in improved boilers would produce engines having even higher efficiency, and would lead to the revolution in transportation that was soon embodied in the [[locomotive]] and [[steamboat]]. It made possible the construction of new factories that, since they were not dependent on water power, could work the year round, and could be placed almost anywhere. Work was moved out of the cottages, resulting in economies of scale. Capital could work more efficiently, and manufacturing productivity greatly improved. It made possible the cascade of new sorts of [[machine tools]] that could be used to produce better machines, including that most remarkable of all of them, the Watt steam engine.

[[Image:James Watt - Statue - Birmingham - 2005-10-13.jpg|thumb|200px|Watt celebrated as a statue outside Birmingham Central Library]]

Roughly 50 skills were added for levels 55+ and the function of certain skills were refined.

==Honours==

Watt was a fellow of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] and the [[Royal Society of London]]. He was a member of the Batavian Society, and one of only eight Foreign Associates of the [[French Academy of Sciences]].

An extensive new crafting system was also introduced based on Life Crystals<ref>http://strategywiki.org/wiki/Lineage_II/LifeCrystals</ref> farmed from raid bosses, which can be traded to NPCs for items.

==Remembrance==

Watt was buried in the grounds of [[St. Mary's Church, Handsworth]], in Birmingham. Later expansion of the church, over his grave, means that his tomb is now buried ''inside'' the church. A statue of [[Boulton, Watt and Murdoch|him, Boulton and Murdoch]] is in Birmingham. He is also remembered by the [[Lunar Society Moonstones|Moonstones]] and a school is named in his honour, all in Birmingham. There are over 50 roads or streets in the UK named after him. Many of his papers are in [[Birmingham Central Library]]. Matthew Boulton's home, [[Soho House]], is now a museum, commemorating the work of both men.

===Saga 2: The Chaotic Throne===

The ___location of James Watt's birth in <B>Greenock</B> is commemorated by a statue, close to his birthplace. Several locations and street names in Greenock recall him, most notably the Watt Memorial Library, which was begun in 1816 with Watt's donation of scientific books, and developed as part of the Watt Institution by his son (which ultimately became the [[James Watt College]]). Taken over by the local authority in 1974, the library now also houses the local history collection and archives of [[Inverclyde]], and is dominated by a large seated statue in the vestibule. Watt is additionally commemorated by statuary in [[George Square]], Glasgow and [[Princes Street]], [[Edinburgh]].

====Interlude (Throne 0)====

The James Watt College has expanded from its original ___location to include campuses in [[Kilwinning]] (North Ayrshire), Finnart Street and The Waterfront in Greenock, and the Sports campus in [[Largs]]. The [[Heriot-Watt University]] near [[Edinburgh]] was at one time the "Watt Institution and School of Arts" named in his memory, then merged with [[George Heriot's School|George Heriot's Hospital for needy orphans]] and the name was changed to Heriot-Watt College. Dozens of university and college buildings (chiefly of science and technology) are named after him.

The name of the next Lineage 2 Saga was made public on October 12, 2006. Named "Lineage 2: The Chaotic Throne", and the first Chapter is entitled "Interlude", setting a new course for the Lineage 2 legacy<ref>http://lineage2.com/news/news.html#a007783</ref>. Interlude went live on Korean servers in December 2006, while on the US & EU regions, Interlude went live on April 11, 2007<ref>http://www.plaync.com/us/news/2007/04/ncsoft_launches_10.html</ref>.

''' Features :'''

Watt was ranked first, tying with [[Thomas Edison|Edison]], among 229 significant figures in the history of technology by [[Charles Murray (author)|Charles Murray]]'s survey of [[historiometry]] presented in his book ''Human Accomplishments''. Watt was ranked 22nd in [[Michael H. Hart]]'s [[The 100|list of the most influential figures in history]].

Roughly 60 skills will be added, 51 of those are for levels 76+ and 9 for levels 55+. The function of certain skills will be refined.

Interlude consists of many new features, some being fortresses. Other things include masks, weapon augmentations, additional hunting zones, a new demonic weapon for PvP, and a lot more. Interlude features the 'lost island' (or new island for the players) named "Primeval Isle" where, according to Lore, the Giants used to live.

The [[SI]] unit of [[Power (physics)|power]], the ''[[watt]]'', is named after him.

====1st Throne: The Kamael====

A colossal statue of him by [[Francis Legatt Chantrey|Chantrey]] was placed in [[Westminster Abbey]], and on this [[cenotaph]] the inscription reads:

Announced on Lineage 2 Korea.

Trailer at: [http://lineage2.co.kr/kamael/intro.asp 1st Throne: The Kamael Intro]

1st Throne will include a new race, "The Kamael", it is not known yet if it will be the playable or non-playable race, as NCsoft said they will add one PC and NPC race. 1st Throne will also introduce the Fortresses and Nation Wars among others. Not much is known about the Fortresses, but the Nation Wars is a feature that will allow not only an inter-server siege and competitions but also a regional siege and competition. This expansion will also add two more countries in the world of Lineage II.

:NOT TO PERPETUATE A NAME,

:WHICH MUST ENDURE WHILE THE PEACEFUL ARTS FLOURISH,

:BUT TO SHOW

:THAT MANKIND HAVE LEARNED TO HONOUR THOSE

:WHO BEST DESERVE THEIR GRATITUDE,

:THE KING,

:HIS MINISTERS, AND MANY OF THE NOBLES

:AND COMMONERS OF THE REALM

:RAISED THIS MONUMENT TO

==Characters==

:JAMES WATT

Characters act as a player’s avatar within the game. Players are afforded up to 7 characters per server. As characters kill non-player character (NPC) monsters, they accumulate experience and skill points (SP). As experience points accumulate, the character levels. In Chronicle 5, the level cap has been set at 80. Players purchase and then upgrade their character’s skills using SP. A character may only be deleted if not a member of a guild, or clan. The process of deletion usually takes six to seven days.

:WHO DIRECTING THE FORCE OF AN ORIGINAL GENIUS

:EARLY EXERCISED IN PHILOSOPHIC RESEARCH

:TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF

:THE STEAM-ENGINE

:ENLARGED THE RESOURCES OF HIS COUNTRY

:INCREASED THE POWER OF MAN

:AND ROSE TO AN EMINENT PLACE

:AMONG THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS FOLLOWERS OF SCIENCE

:AND THE REAL BENEFACTORS OF THE WORLD

:BORN AT GREENOCK MDCCXXXVI

:DIED AT HEATHFIELD IN STAFFORDSHIRE MDCCCXIX

==Books about Watt==

*Dickenson, H. W., "James Watt: Craftsman and Engineer" Cambridge University Press (1935).

*J. P. Muirhead, ''Origin and Progress of the Mechanical Inventions of James Watt'' (London, 1854)

*J. P. Muirhead, ''Life of Watt'' (London, 1858)

*[[Samuel Smiles]], ''Lives of the Engineers'', (London, 1861-62, new edition, five volumes, 1905)

*"Some Unpublished Letters of James Watt" in ''Journal of [[Institution of Mechanical Engineers]]'' (London, 1915)

*[[Andrew Carnegie|Carnegie, Andrew]], ''James Watt'' University Press of the Pacific (2001) (Reprinted from the 1913 ed.), ISBN 0-89875-578-6.

*Hills, Rev. Dr. Richard L. ''James Watt, Vol 1, His time in Scotland, 1736-1774'' (2002) Landmark Publishing Ltd, ISBN 1-84306-045-0.

[[Image:Shot00001.jpg|thumb|Male Human Knight and Female Dark Elf Bladedancer]]

==References==

<references/>

==See alsoRaces==

There are currently five races in the World of Lineage 2. Human, Elf, Dark Elf, Orc, Dwarf

*[[James Watt International Medal]]

==Classes==

{{commons|James Watt}}

There are currently a large amount of classes(36) for each race respectively.

==External links==

Each race and subsequent class has a set amount of Stat Points already assigned to their class.

*[http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/ James Watt by Andrew Carnegie (1905)]

===Subclasses===

*[http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/marshall/ James Watt by Thomas H. Marshall (1925)]

*[http://jquarter.members.beeb.net/morejwatt.htm James Watt at Birmingham Jewellery Quarter website]

*[http://www.importantscots.com/james-watt.htm James Watt at Important Scots website]

*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/watt_james.shtml BBC History: James Watt]

*[http://www.revolutionaryplayers.org.uk/home.stm Revolutionary Players website]

Upon completing the appropriate quests after reaching level 75, a player may choose add subclass to their character. This subclass starts at level 40. Limitations are put in place on what subclass one can choose. Dark and Light Elves may not choose a class from their opposing race. Overlord and Warsmith cannot be chosen by any class. In addition a player may not choose a class that matches their main class (a Dark Avenger may not become a Paladin, likewise a Treasure Hunter may not become a Plainswalker). Once a subclass has reached level 75, you may choose another. A character may hold a total of three subclasses in addition to their main class.

<!-- Please do not delete! For explanation see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->

Players are able to switch between their main and subclasses through the appropriate NPC. Once the class has been changed, the character’s attributes switch to those of chosen class. However inventory, quests, recommendations, PvP and PK scores carry over.

{{Persondata

|NAME=Watt, James

|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=

|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Industrial Revolution]] [[engineer]] of the [[steam engine]]

|DATE OF BIRTH=[[19 January]], [[1736]]

|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Greenock]], [[Scotland]]

|DATE OF DEATH=[[19 August]], [[1819]]

|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[Staffordshire]], [[England]]

}}

===Noblesses===

[[Category:1736 births|Watt, James]]

[[Category:1819 deaths|Watt, James]]

When a character’s subclass has reached level 75, they are eligible to become a Noblesse. Upon completing the necessary quest, they receive bonuses, such as a crown, more teleportation options, and certain Noblesse-only skills and abilities. They can set a title for themselves without clan. A character must be a Noblesse in order to compete in the Grand Olympiad and become a hero.

[[Category:Business theorists|Watt, James]]

The first Quest can be accepted at level 50

[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society|Watt, James]]

[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Watt, James]]

===Heroes===

[[Category:Lunar Society|Watt, James]]

[[Category:Natives of Inverclyde|Watt, James]]

Heroes are Noblesse characters who have competed in and won the Grand Olympiad. There is a limit of 31 Heroes at any time. Only the character's main class will receive the title. Heroes receive special weapons and abilities; in addition, they may speak globally to their entire server. They also receive a glowing aura so that they stand out against other characters.

[[Category:Scottish Presbyterians|Watt, James]]

[[Category:Scottish business people|Watt, James]]

===Pets===

[[Category:Scottish engineers|Watt, James]]

In Lineage II, a player can obtain a monster that becomes their pet through the completion of quests. Unlike other summons or magic, as long as certain conditions are met, a pet will not be bound by time limitations, nor will it be dismissed by force. These pets can also hold items in their inventories while they are called, including weapons and armor that can be equipped by the pet.

[[Category:Scottish inventors|Watt, James]]

[[Category:Scottish surveyors|Watt, James]]

There are four types of adult NPC pets: Wolf, Hatchling, Strider, and Wyvern. There are also three types of Baby Pets: Baby Buffalo, Baby Cougar, and Baby Kookaburra.

[[Category:People of the Industrial Revolution|Watt, James]]

[[Category:University of Glasgow alumni|Watt, James]]

==Geography==

[[Image:Lineage_ii_-_rune_castle_qjpreviewth.jpg|thumb|left|Rune Castle]]

[[Image:Interludemap.jpg|thumb|right|Interlude Map(Note: Primeval Isle and Fortresses)]]

Currently, Lineage II is broken into two countries, Aden and Elmore.

Aden lies south of the Border Outposts and it's capital castle is Aden Castle. Elmore lies to the north of the Outposts and encompasses Goddard, Rune and Shuttgart. It's capital castle is Rune Castle.

Aden currently taxes the following castles: Gludio Dion Giran Oren

Rune currently taxes the following castles:

Goddard

Shuttgart

Aden's geography ranges from deserts to tropical forests. Elmore is more rugged having mostly mountainous regions along with a frozen winter wastelands.

Along with Interlude update, the newest territory is added into Elmore's Realm. Primeval Isle is a tropical island home to fierce Dinosaur mobs.

==NCsoft Publisher Partnerships==

===NCsoft & Asian Media===

Lineage II-SEA is NCsoft's first "Publishing License" grant, especially for a '''flagship''' product. NCsoft granted a distribution license to Asian Media for ArenaNet's Guild Wars, for the Philippines. Now, Asian Media, will not just distribute, but will publish and operate Lineage II South-East Asia - initially to three countries namely, the Philippines, Singapore, and Malaysia.

==Private servers==

In 2004, the official Lineage II server software was leaked and a significant number of private servers appeared. Modification of the official game client allowed players to connect to non-official (private) servers. However, some private servers, such as L2J, require only modification of the [[hosts file]] in the player's operating system, leaving the client unchanged. [[L2J]], an [[open source]] [[server emulator]], which operates under a GNU License, is an alternative to the official applications.

Some private servers have populations reaching into the thousands. Playing on private servers is free, although many are supported by donations from players.

After the initial Prelude and Chronicle 1 file leaks, the official software was modified by the use of [[Assembly Language]], [[Hex editor|Hexadecimal Editing]] and [[Dynamically linked library|DLL]] hooks to support the clients and features of later Chronicles. These modified versions of the Chronicle 1 software were called "Hybrid".

Currently, it is common for private servers to be found hosting Chronicle 4.

The game play is commonly altered by boosting the experience rates, the monetary drop rate, and the item drop rate, making higher-quality gear easier to obtain. Many servers also feature unique "twists" which keep them apart from the rest.

In 2006, the Lineage 2 Chronicle 4 Public Test Server files were leaked and sold to private server owners. Figures as high as $15,000 US were being asked, but it's not confirmed if anyone paid for this, as the files were later leaked from the sellers and made publicly available. The C4 applications require a [[64-bit]] [[Processor architecture|microprocessor architecture]] to run.

In addition, Lineage II official server has taken some actions against some private servers. Some of the private servers have been shut down by FBI and the owners of those servers have been arrested for violating copyrights.

As of 2007, the community created server files for Chronicle 5 have reached a useful level of accuracy. Private servers based on these files are getting more and more popular in the private server community.

PostPacific[http://www.postpacific.com] and [[Ragezone]][http://www.ragezone.com] are currently the prime development communities for the official Lineage 2 software.

The GameSites200 Lineage 2 Section[http://www.gamesites200.com/lineage2/], Hopzone[http://l2.hopzone.net/] and Games Top 100[http://www.gtop100.com/lineage2] are the main places of competition, where each server competes for user votes to rank itself among the top servers. Currently these sites contain very inaccurate vote results, as there is an ongoing [[epidemic]] of "[[proxy]] voting" ([[cheating]]).

===NCsoft Involvement===

On November 16, 2006, the private server L2Extreme was shut down by the [[FBI]]<ref>http://anthony.blogs.ablenet.org/l2extreme_fbi_shutdown</ref>.

On November 20, 2006, [[NCsoft]] issued an official press release<ref>http://www.plaync.com/us/news/2006/11/fbi_ncsoft_clos.html</ref> on their involvement with the FBI raid, verifying its validity. Additionally, the news was posted on the official Lineage 2 website<ref>http://www.lineage2.com/news/news.html#a007871</ref>.

On November 21, 2006, NCsoft began sending out [[Cease and Desist]] warnings to many private servers or their hosts.

==Botting==

Like many MMORPGs, Lineage II has been the target of [[Internet_bot|botting]], in which an external program is used to simulate the actions of a player. Such activity is prohibited and is a bannable offense, though seemingly rarely enforced. Nevertheless, players continue this practice, since the player is able to leave his/her computer and the bot will continue doing what it has been programmed to do. Some of the most well-known bots are L2Walker and Superman (formerly known as L2Wind). There is a conspiracy theory, based on fine coding, numerous features and versatility of those programs (surpassing the official game client by far), that developers of Wind and Walker were/are in league with NC Soft itself.

Sometimes proven botted characters are subject to disrespect and rejection by the certain part of the community. But this tendency got terribly weakened lately, legit players having definitely become a minority.

Apart from easing some of the more mundane aspects of gameplay, botting can also be used as a way to generate Adena (Lineage II currency) which is then sold for real world cash. This phenomenon, [[Virtual economy#Controversy: "Real" Economy Interaction|Economy Interaction]], is quite controversial and is common in most of today's large MMORPGs.

===Controversy===

<!----

Commented out: This section does not only not cite its sources, its very POV. """

Equipment or a developed character by itself that would take a normal player literally years of hard work to get can now be bought in ten minutes for a few hundred dollars via the black market, making the entire point of leveling up and working for gear meaningless.""" Real-Money-Trading [[Virtual economy]] is a problem, is not a problem, whatever, but the discussion is much more complex, than this section makes one believe it to be.

{{Unreferencedsect|date=March 2007}}

Since the game's release in late 2003 there has been an overwhelming number of "farmers", Players who play the game as a full time job to "farm" the game's currency and resell it for real money. These "farmers" play the game in 24 hour shifts and use third party programs such as L2Walker and Superman in direct violation of NCsoft's EULA (End User License Agreement) to maximize profit.

Despite the long voiced concerns of players NCsoft has failed to curb the black market on cash for adena, a failure that much of the L2NA community regards as the number one reason for Lineage 2's declining customer base.

The problem has gotten so bad that end game bosses that were originally intended to be killed only by large groups of skilled players are now "farmed" by adena sellers using anywhere from fourteen to one hundred automated bot clients, making those bosses unavailable to even the best organized groups of normal players. As of Chronicle 5, however, these 'raid boss farmers' have declined or outright disappeared due to the significantly increased difficulty of these end game bosses.

Equipment or a developed character by itself that would take a normal player literally years of hard work to get can now be bought in ten minutes for a few hundred dollars via the black market, making the entire point of leveling up and working for gear meaningless.

However, some see botting as a way to counteract the excessive buying of adena which already floods the market. As more people bot their characters, or farm for adena, there is a surplus of items to match the demands of the affluent characters who seek to make personal gains at any price.

Players have accused NCsoft of allowing the black market to thrive due to the massive amount of money paid each month for "farmer" accounts. NCsoft contends that it is doing everything in its power to curb this activity.

---->

'''Current'''

As of the 5th chronicle, NCsoft has released a weapon called "The Demonic Sword Zariche". This sword is very powerful, but is also temporary: it is destroyed once its "health" has run out. The sword is found as a random drop from a slain enemy. The developers have said that they are willing to see if this sword will help stop botting because of the strength that it possesses, but players use the sword only for powerleveling. Early indications suggest that NCSoft thinks it is helping; a second demonic weapon, the dual sword Akamanah, has been introduced in the Interlude release.

==Bugs and security flaws==

{{Unreferencedsect|date=March 2007}}

Security experts and hackers find Lineage II to be less than perfect. There are numerous exploits of the game systems. Including an infamous html-bug that allows in some instances to skip the quests to the reward step without actually travelling and/or fighting any monsters, or access distant NPCs via any NPC near. Or terrain bug, that allows to traverse supposedly-impassable mountains and rocks of certain slopes.

This being the case for most of the korean MMOs translated into english, North American division of NC Soft has to wait for NC Soft Korea to produce a patch for known issues to be amended, which would often result in a long delay before the actual fix.

As it is true for Teon server at least, in late Chronicle 4 an influx of over-enchanted powerful (and popular) weapons could be seen. Suspiciously, they seem to have cost their proprietors less than their armor gear. Some believe those weapons to be "drawn", i.e. spawned by exploiters bypassing the game mechanics, then sold for cheap prices. People went as far as openly accusing Chronicle 4 to be vulnerable to this kind of hacks.<ref>{{ru icon}} {{cite web|date=[[November 20]], [[2006]]|url=http://forums.goha.ru/showpost.php?p=1616590&postcount=35|title=A forum post by a respected Teon server player|work=[http://www.online-translator.com/url/tran_url.asp?direction=re&autotranslate=on&transliterate=on&url=forums.goha.ru/showpost.php?p=1616590&postcount=35 Machine translation]|| publisher = Goha.ru, russian gaming community}}

It might have become a tradition that Public Test Servers of soon-to-be-released Chronicle updates had been brought down due to hackers' activities. Both Chronicle 4<ref>http://www.l2guru.com/forum/showthread.php?t=18569</ref> and Chronicle 5<ref>http://www.l2guru.com/forum/showthread.php?t=42697</ref> tests got abused by some individuals. In one case it was a great spree of unbelievably high-enchanted (up to +65535) weapons spawned and dropped. Both times the hacker's character possessed combinations of different skills, impossible according to the game rules. Chronicle 5 PTS incident was soon followed by long unscheduled official site, servers and boards maintenances. All account passwords had been reset, too. Whether that had connections with the hack is not known for sure though.

Interlude Test had broken this chain of failures.

Many players also discovered that while swimming too far into the ocean that their deaths result in a wrong village ressurection and many lower level characters find themselves on islands scattered with higher level enemies.

==Awards==

*'''Expansion of the Year''' (Chronicle 5: Oath of Blood), Stratics Central Editor's Choice Awards 2006^{[http://www.stratics.com/content/awards/editorschoice/2006/expansionoty.php]}

*'''Honorable Mention, Game of the Year''', Stratics Central Editor's Choice Awards 2006^{[http://www.stratics.com/content/awards/editorschoice/2006/goty.php]}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==

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'''Official'''

* [http://www.lineage2.com/ ''Lineage II'' official site]

* [http://www.lineage2.co.kr/ ''Lineage II'' Korean official site]

* [http://www.lineage2.jp/ ''Lineage II'' Japanese official site]

* [http://www.lineage2.com.tw/ ''Lineage II'' Taiwanese official site]

* [http://www.lineage2.in.th/ ''Lineage II'' Thai official site]

<!-- * [http://www.lineage2.sg/ ''Lineage II'' South-East Asia official site] -->

'''Resources'''

* {{dmoz|Games/Video_Games/Roleplaying/Massive_Multiplayer_Online/Lineage_Series/Lineage_II_-_The_Chaotic_Chronicle/|Lineage 2}}

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[[Category:Video games developed in Korea]]

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