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#redirect[[Padua Cathedral]]
'''Clarksville''' is a city in [[Montgomery County, Tennessee|Montgomery County]], [[Tennessee]], USA. As of the 2005 census, the city had a total population of 123,395, retaining its position as Tennessee's fifth largest city. It is the [[county seat]] of [[Montgomery County, Tennessee|Montgomery County]]{{GR|6}}. Clarksville is the home of [[Austin Peay State University]]. Don't ever move here.
It was incorporated in 1785, and named for General [[George Rogers Clark]], frontier fighter and [[Revolutionary War]] hero. Clarksville is home to the state's oldest newspaper, ''The Leaf-Chronicle'', established in 1808.
The city has three [[List of city nicknames in the United States|nicknames]]: "The Queen City", "Gateway to the New South", and "Clarksvegas" (which used to be the name of a bar in town).
==Geography==
[[Image:TNMap-doton-Clarksville.PNG|right]]
Clarksville is located at {{coor dms|36|33|34|N|87|21|30|W|city}} (36.559383, -87.358261){{GR|1}}. The elevation is 382 feet above sea level. This altitude can be found on a section of Riverside Drive, which runs along the eastern bank of the Cumberland, but most of the city is higher. Clarksville's civil airport, Outlaw Field, is listed as 550 feet AMSL by survey. According to ''Topo USA'' mapping software, the city square sits at 475 feet and the courthouse at 509 feet. There is a point on the northern side of Memorial Drive near Medical Court that reaches 598 feet.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 247.4 [[km²]] (95.5 [[square mile|mi²]]). 245.7 km² (94.9 mi²) of it is land and 1.8 km² (0.7 mi²) of it (0.71%) is water.
Clarksville is located on the northwest edge of the [[Highland Rim]], which surrounds the [[Nashville Basin]], and is 45 miles northwest of [[Nashville]].
Clarksville was founded on the [[Cumberland River]] near the confluence of the Cumberland and the [[Red River (Tennessee)|Red River]]. The Cumberland flows downstream from Nashville, some 40 miles southeast of Clarksville. From its beginnings, the river was the city's commercial lifeline. Flat boats and, by the 1820s, steamboats carried [[cotton]], [[oats]], [[soybean]]s and [[tobacco]], downstream to the [[Ohio River]] and up the Ohio to Pittsburgh. More frequently, cargo went ''down'' the Ohio to the [[Mississippi River]] and New Orleans. Both dark-fired and burly tobacco are grown in the area, and European tobacco buyers helped make Clarksville the largest market in the world for dark-fired tobacco, particularly [[Type 22 tobacco|Type 22]], used in smokeless products. It was considered to have the highest nicotine content of all tobaccos in the 19th century.
To the northwest of Clarksville, lies the [[Fort Campbell, KY|Fort Campbell Military Reservation]], home of the [[101st|101st Airborne (Air Assault)]]. Much of Clarksville's economy can be attributed to Fort Campbell's presence. Most of Fort Campbell is in Tennessee, mostly in Montgomery and [[Stewart County, Tennessee|Stewart]] counties, however it is classified as being in [[Kentucky]] because its post office is in Kentucky.
===Major roads and highways===
*[[U.S. Highway 41]] Alternate (Madison Street and [[Fort Campbell]] Boulevard)
*[[U.S. Highway 79]] ([[Wilma Rudolph]] Boulevard)
*[[Interstate 24]]
*[[Tennessee State Route 12]]
*[[Tennessee State Route 13]]
*[[Tennessee State Route 48]]
*[[Tennessee State Route 76]]
*[[Tennessee State Route 374]] (101st Airborne Division Parkway)
===ZIP codes===
The [[ZIP code]]s used in the Clarksville area are: 37040, 37041, 37042, 37043, 37044.
===Area code===
Clarksville uses the [[area code]] 931.
==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2005, there were 123,395 people, 36,969 households, and 26,950 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 421.1/km² (1,090.6/mi²). There were 40,041 housing units at an average density of 163.0/km² (422.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.91% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 23.23% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.54% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.16% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.25% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.61% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.30% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6.03% of the population. The census recorded 5,187 foreign-born residents in Clarksville.
There were 36,969 households out of which 41.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.1% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the city the population was spread out with 28.8% under the age of 18, 13.6% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 15.6% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $37,548, and the median income for a family was $41,421. Males had a median income of $29,480 versus $22,549 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,686. About 8.4% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.
===Population in recent censuses (1960-2000)===
*1960 - 22,021
*1970 - 41,687
*1980 - 62,721
*1990 - 75,494
*2000 - 103,455
*2005 - 123,395
===Recent figures and projections===
Clarksville was found to be the third-fastest growing city in Tennessee in the 1990s, behind [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] and [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]].
Clarksville is giving other Tennessee cities, including Chattanooga, a run for their money in population growth.
The estimated population as of 2005 is 123,395 in the city overall
and on course to overtake Chattanooga as the fourth largest city.
The non-profit organization [[Federation for American Immigration Reform|FAIR]] projects a population of 227,300 by the year 2025, which would be a 117 percent increase from the 2000 Census, assuming that the current population increase stands. However, it is unlikely that the city will sustain that increase that it has been growing at for the past few decades. The projection reflects what the results would be if that were to happen.
Clarksville is part of the [[Clarksville-Hopkinsville metropolitan statistical area]].
== History ==
===Founding===
The area around Clarksville was first surveyed by [[Thomas Hutchins]] in 1768. He identified Red Paint Hill, a rock [[bluff]] at the confluence of the [[Cumberland River|Cumberland]] and [[Red River (Tennessee)|Red]] Rivers, as a navigational landmark. In 1775, [[John Montgomery (pioneer)|John Montgomery]], the namesake of the county, along with [[Kaspar Mansker]] visited the area while on a hunting expedition. That same year, the land between the [[Ohio River|Ohio]] and the Cumberland was purchased by [[Richard Henderson]] from the [[Cherokee Indian]]s for horses, guns, and alcohol. The other local tribes, such as the [[Creek people|Creek]], [[Shawnee (tribe)|Shawnee]], and [[Chickasaw (tribe)|Chickasaw]] claimed parts of the territory, creating conflict between the Indians and the settlers.
In [[1779]], [[James Robertson (early American)|James Robertson]] brought a group of settlers from upper [[East Tennessee]] via [[Daniel Boone]]'s "[[Wilderness Road]]". Robertson would later build an [[iron plantation]] in [[Cumberland Furnace, Tennessee|Cumberland Furnace]]. A year later, in 1780, [[John Donelson]] led a group of flat boats up the Cumberland River bound for the settlement that would later be [[Nashville]]. When the boats reached Red Paint Hill, [[Moses Renfroe]], [[Joseph Renfroe]], and [[Solomon Turpin]], along with their families, branched off onto the Red River. They traveled to the mouth of Parson's Creek, near [[Port Royal, Tennessee|Port Royal]], and came ashore to settle down. However, an attack by Indians in the summer drove them back.
On [[January 16]], [[1784]], [[John Armstrong (Carolina)|John Armstrong]] filed notice with the [[Legislature]] of [[North Carolina]] to create the town of Clarksville, named after General George Rogers Clark. Even before it was officially designated a town, lots had been sold. After an official survey by [[James Sanders]], Clarksville was founded by the North Carolina Legislature on [[December 29]],[[1785]]. It was the second town to be founded in the area. Armstrong's layout for the town consisted of 12 four-acre (16,000 m²) squares built on the hill overlooking the Cumberland as to protect against floods. The primary streets (from north to south) that went east-west were named Jefferson, Washington (now College Street), Franklin, Main, and Commerce streets. North-south streets (from the river eastward) were named Water (now Riverside Drive), Spring, First, Second, and Third streets.
The [[tobacco]] trade in the area was growing larger every year and in 1789, Montgomery and [[Martin Armstrong (early American)|Martin Armstrong]] persuaded lawmakers to designate Clarksville as an inspection point for tobacco. In 1790, [[Isacc Rowe Peterson]] staked a claim to [[Dunbar Cave State Park|Dunbar Cave]], just northeast of downtown.
When [[Tennessee]] was founded as a state in 1796, the area around Clarksville and to the east was named Tennessee County. Later, Tennessee County would be broken up into modern day [[Montgomery County, Tennessee|Montgomery]] and [[Robertson County, Tennessee|Robertson]] Counties, named to honor the men who first opened up the region for settlement.
===1800s===
As time progressed into the 19th century, Clarksville grew at a rapid pace. By 1806, the town realized the need for an educational institution, and the Rural Academy was established that year. Later, the Rural Academy would be replaced by the Mount Pleasant Academy. By 1819, the newly-established town had 22 stores, including a [[bakery]] and [[silversmith]]. In 1820, [[steamboats]] begin to navigate the Cumberland, bringing [[hardware]], [[coffee]], [[sugar]], [[fabric]], and [[glass]]. They also exported [[flour]], tobacco, [[cotton]], and [[maize|corn]] to ports like [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]] and [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]] along the Ohio and [[Mississippi River|Mississippi]] Rivers. Trade via land also grew as four main dirt roads were established, two to Nashville, one crossing the Red River via [[ferry]] called the [[Kentucky Road]], and [[Russellville, Kentucky|Russellville]] Road. In 1829, the first bridge connecting Clarksville to [[New Providence, Tennessee|New Providence]] was built over the Red River. Nine years later, the Clarksville-[[Hopkinsville, Kentucky|Hopkinsville]] [[Turnpike]] was built. In 1855, Clarksville was incorporated as a city. [[Railroad]] service came to the town on [[October 1]], [[1859]] in the form of the [[Memphis, Clarksville and Louisville Railroad]]. The line would later connect with other railroads at [[Paris, Tennessee]] and [[Guthrie, Kentucky]].
By the start of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], the combined population of the city and the county was 20,000. The area was openly for slavery, as blacks worked in the tobacco fields. In 1861, both Clarksville and Montgomery County voted unanimously to join the [[Confederate States of America]]. The proximity of the birthplace of Confederate President [[Jefferson Davis]] gave the city a strong tie to the CSA, and both sides saw the city as strategic and important. Confederate General [[Albert Sidney Johnston]] set up a defense line around Clarksville expecting a land attack, however the Union sent troops and gunboats down the Cumberland, and in 1862, captured [[Fort Donelson]], [[Fort Henry]], and Clarksville. Between 1862 and 1865, the city would shift hands but the Union would retain control. Many slaves that had been freed gathered in Clarksville and joined the [[Union Army]], which created all-black [[regiments]]. The remaining lived along the side of the river in [[shantie]]s.
After the war, the city began [[Reconstruction]], and in 1872, the existing railroad was purchased by the [[Louisville & Nashville Railroad]]. The city reached a high point until the Great Fire of 1878, which destroyed 15 acres (60,000 m²) of downtown Clarksville's business district, including the courthouse at that time and many other historic buildings. It was believed to have started in a Franklin Street store. After the fire, the city rebuilt and entered the 20th century with a fresh start. It was at this time that the first [[automobile]] rolled into town, drawing much excitement.
===The 20th century===
Another new form of entertainment soon came. In 1913, the Lillian Theater, Clarksville's first "movie house" for motion pictures, opened on Franklin Street. It sat more than 500 people. Less than two years later, in 1915, the theater burned down. It was rebuilt later that year.
As [[World War I]] raged in [[Europe]], many locals volunteered to go, a move that would earn Tennessee the nickname "The Volunteer State". Also during this time, women's suffrage was becoming a major issue, and Clarksville women saw a need for banking independent of their husbands and fathers who were fighting. In response, the First Women's Bank of Tennessee was established in 1919 by Mrs. Frank J. Runyon.
The 1920s brought additional growth to the city. Travelwise, a bus line between Clarksville and Hopkinsville was established in 1922. 1927 saw the creation of Austin Peay Normal School, later to become [[Austin Peay State University]]. Two more theaters were added, the Majestic (with 600 seats) and the Capitol (with 900 seats) Theaters, both in 1928. [[John Outlaw]], a local aviator, established Outlaw Field in 1929.
The largest change to the city came in 1942, as construction of Camp Campbell (now known as [[Fort Campbell, Kentucky|Fort Campbell]]) began. The new army base ten miles northwest of the city, and capable of holding 23,000 troops, gave an immediate boost to the population and economy of Clarksville.
In recent decades, the size of Clarksville has doubled. Communities such as [[New Providence, Tennessee|New Providence]] and [[Saint Bethlehem, Tennessee|Saint Bethlehem]] were annexed into the city, adding to the overall population. The creation of [[Interstate 24]] north of Saint Bethlehem made the area prime for development, and today much of the growth along [[U.S. Highway 79]] is commercial retail. In 1954, the Clarksville Memorial Hospital was founded along Madison Street. Downtown, the Lillian was renamed the Roxy Theater, and today it still hosts plays and performances weekly.
The [[Monkees]] 1966 classic #1 song [[Last Train to Clarksville]] was supposedly inspired by the city's train depot and about a soldier from Fort Campbell during the [[Vietnam War]] era, wanting to see his girlfriend one more time before [[deployment]], fearing he may never come back home.
On the morning of [[January 22]], [[1999]], the downtown area of Clarksville was devastated by a F3 [[tornado]], damaging many buildings including the county courthouse. The tornado, 880 yards wide, continued on a 4.3 mile-long path that took it up to Saint Bethlehem. No one was seriously injured or killed in the destruction. Clarksville has since recovered, and has rebuilt much of the damage as a symbol of the city's resilience. Where one building on Franklin Street once stood has been replaced with a large [[mural]] of the historic buildings of Clarksville on the side of one that remained.
===History of The County Courthouse===
The first county courthouse was built from logs in 1796 by [[James Adams (early American)|James Adams]]. It sat close to the riverbank on the corner of what is now present-day Riverside Drive and Washington Street. It was later replaced by a second courthouse built in 1805, and a third in 1806, with the land provided by [[Henry Small]]. The fourth courthouse was built in 1811, and the first to be built of [[brick]]. It was constructed on the east half of Public Square, with the land donated by Martin Armstrong. In 1843, yet another courthouse was built, this time on Franklin Street. It would remain standing until the Great Fire of 1878.
The sixth and current courthouse was built between Second and Third Streets, with the [[cornerstone]] laid on [[May 16]], [[1879]]. This particular building was designed by [[George W. Bunting]] of [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]. Five years later, the downtown area was hit by a tornado, which damaged the roof of the courthouse. The building was rebuilt. On [[March 12]], [[1900]], the building was again ravaged by fire, with the upper floors gutted and the clock tower destroyed. Many citizens wanted the courthouse torn down and replaced with a safer one, but the judge refused and repaired the damage.
The courthouse was destroyed once again by the January 22, 1999 tornado. The building of another new courthouse was on the minds of locals, but in the end the courthouse was fully restored as a county office building. On the fourth anniversary of the disaster the courthouse was rededicated. In addition to the restoration of the original courthouse and plazas, a new courts center was built on its north side.
===History of The City Newspaper===
In 1808, The ''Clarksville Chronicle'' newspaper started publication. It was the first newspaper to be circulated in the entire state. Today, no editions exist earlier than 1811. Later, ''The Tobacco Leaf'' appeared as a result of the area's reputation as a center for tobacco growing and shipping. Early newspapers started out as four-page journals devoted to political news and [[advertising]]. Eventually they grew to become full-fledged publications that featured more news and community information, in addition to having opinion pages with political views. In 1890, The ''Clarksville Chronicle'' merged with ''The Tobacco Leaf'', forming ''The Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle''. In the 1970s, the city's name was dropped as the coverage area increased, shortening the title of the current newspaper to ''The Leaf-Chronicle''.
Throughout the city's history, other newspapers such as ''The New Herald'' (an African-American newspaper), ''The Clarksville-Jeffersonian'', and ''The Clarksville Star'' competed with The ''Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle'', but they are all now defunct.
In December, 1995, ''The Leaf-Chronicle'' became part of the [[Gannett]] Newspaper Division.
The offices of ''The Leaf-Chronicle'' were severely damaged in the [[January 22]],[[1999]] tornado however the paper was still released the following day, after publisher [[F. Gene Washer]] took editors and reporters into his home to gather news and use the ''[[Kentucky New Era]]'''s [[printing press]] in [[Hopkinsville, Kentucky|Hopkinsville]]. The Saturday edition of ''The Leaf Chronicle'' was a complete newspaper that featured eight pages of tornado coverage. Within four days the staff was able to print from the downtown newspaper press, only slightly damaged. The departments worked out of an empty grocery store for eight months, until the main offices were rebuilt and reopened in the fall of 1999.
==Notable Clarksvillians==
*[[Robb Fladry]] is a local famous artist who's art concentrates in graphic design, photography, and video.
*[[Dorothy Dix|Elizabeth Meriwether Gilmer]] also know by the pen name of [[Dorothy Dix]] (a journalist who was famous for authoring a newspaper column that gave advice to people.)
*[[Trenton Hassell]] (Basketball player with [[Minnesota Timberwolves]] and [[Chicago Bulls]])
*[[Shawn Marion]] (Basketball player with [[Phoenix Suns]])
*[[Austin Peay IV]] (Tennessee governor from 1922 to 1927 and namesake to university)
*[[Robert Loftin Newman]] (Renowned oil painter)
*[[Jeff Purvis]] ([[Busch Series]] race car driver)
*[[Wilma Rudolph]] (First female athlete to win three [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] Gold Medals in a single games)
*[[Frank Sutton]] (Actor who played Sgt. Carter in television series "[[Gomer Pyle, USMC]]")
*[[Allen Tate]] (Poet)
*[[Caroline Gordon]] (Novelist and wife of Allen Tate)
*[[Robert Penn Warren]] (Poet)
*[[Evelyn Scott]] (Poet and novelist)
*[[Pat Summitt]] ([[University of Tennessee|UT]] Women's Basketball coach)
*[[Mason Rudolph]] (Professional golfer)
*[[Gretchen Cordy]] (Reality television cast member on "[[Survivor: Borneo]]")
*[[Ryan Shoulders]] (Reality television cast member on "[[Survivor: Pearl Islands]]")
*[[Travis Stephens]] (American football player with [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]])
*[[Harry Galbreath]] (American football player with [[Miami Dolphins]], [[Green Bay Packers]], and [[New York Jets]])
*[[Horace Lisenbee]] (MLB Player)
*[[Roland Hayes]] (Musician)
*[[Helen Wood]] (Drama)
*[[Phila Hach]] (Chef and Cookbook Author)
*[[Clarence Cameron White]] (Musician)
*[[Charles Bollin Watts]] (Drama)
*[[A.H. Patch]] (Inventor Of The Corn Sheller)
*[[Clarence Sanders]] (Founder Of The Present Day Supermarket)
*[[Dorothy Jordan]] (Drama)
*[[Ferdinand Lust]] (Musician)
*[[Dr. Robert Burt]] (Well Known Surgeon)
===Other Notables who have called Clarksville Home===
*[[Jimi Hendrix]] (Rock guitarist)
*Gen. [[William Westmoreland]]
*[[Roy Acuff]] (Country music star)
*[[Charles Schulz]] (Creator of "[[Peanuts]]")
*[[Wayne Pace]] (CFO of [[AOL Time Warner]])
==Colleges and universities==
*[[Austin Peay State University]]
*[[Miller-Motte Technical College]]
*[[Draughons Junior College]]
*[[Austins Beauty College]]
*[[North Central Institute]]
*[[North Tennessee Bible Institute]]
*[http://www.queencitycollege.com/| Queen City College]
==Clarksville-Montgomery County School System==
There are a total of 30 schools in the school system, made up of six high schools, six middle schools, 17 elementary schools, and one magnet school for K-5. The system serves roughly 26,000 students.
[http://www.cmcss.net CMCSS]
==Major Industrial Employers==
*[[Averitt Hardwoods International]]
*[[Bridgestone Metalpha USA]]
*[[Clarksville Foundry]]
*[[Florim USA]]
*[[Hendrickson Trailer Suspensions Systems]]
*[[Jostens]], Printing and Publishing Division
*[[Letica Corporation]]
*[[Precision Printing & Packaging]]
*[[Premiumwear, Inc.]]
*[[Print Xcel]]
*[[Quebecor]]
*[[Robert Boech Corporation]]
*[[Smithfield Manufacturing, Inc]]
*[[SPX Corporation]], Metal Forge Division
*[[Startek USA]]
*[[Trane]]
*[[UCAR Carbon Corporation]]
*[[Vulcan Corporation]], Rubber Division
*[[Whitson Lumber Company]]
*[[Zinifex Limited]]
==Airports==
Clarksville is served commercially by [[Nashville International Airport]] but also has a small airport, [[Outlaw Field]], located 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown. Outlaw Field accommodates nearly 40,000 private and corporate flights a year, and is also home to a pilot training school and a few small aircraft companies. It has two asphalt runways, one 6,000 feet (1800 m) by 100 feet (30 m) and the other 4,004 feet (1200 m) by 100 feet (30 m), and a control tower. Outlaw Field has been served by scheduled airlines on several occasions in the past, but is not currently.
==Recognitions==
In the June 2004 issue of ''[[Money (magazine)|Money]]'', Clarksville was listed as one of the top five cities with a population of under 250,000 that would attract [[creative class]] jobs over the next 10 years. [http://clarksville.tn.us/files/releases/MoneyMagRanking.pdf]
The city has also received good rankings in various categories in
''[[Forbes Magazine]]'' (90th Best City for Business and Careers, May 2001), <br>
''[[Entrepreneur Magazine]]'' (No. 1 small city in the South), <br>
''Money'' (57th Best Place to Live, July 1996), <br>
''[[Golf Digest]]'' (America's 11th Best City for Public Golf, July 1998),<br>
''[[Reader's Digest]]'' (38th Family-Friendly City, April 1997), <br>
and ''[[National Civic League]]'' (a 2002 All America City Finalist). <br>
<br><br>
Others can be located at the [http://clarksville.tn.us/wps-html/EconomicDevelopment/RankingsRecognitions/ city's website].
==Points of interest==
* [[Clarksville City Arboretum]]
* [[Downtown Artist Co-Op]] Also known as the DAC.
==External links==
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|36.559383|-87.358261}}
*[http://www.cityofclarksville.com The Official Website for the City of Clarksville]
*[http://www.theleafchronicle.com The Leaf-Chronicle]
*[http://www.rivercitizen.com The Clarksville River Citizen]
*[http://www.peaymania.com/ Peaymania.com]
*[http://photography.harpblaster.net/clarksville/ Todd DeFeo Photography Portfolio: Clarksville, Tennessee]
*[http://clarksville.tennessee.com/ Clarksville Local City Guide]
*[http://railfanning.harpblaster.net/history/appallingcatastrophe.htm Todd DeFeo: An 'Appalling Catastrophe' (at Railfanning.org)]
*[http://railfanning.harpblaster.net/history/clarksvillestrike.htm Todd DeFeo: Clarksville, Tenn., Railroad Strikes After Money Tightens (at Railfanning.org)]
*[http://railfanning.harpblaster.net/trackside/clarksville.htm Railfanning.org: Clarksville, Tennessee]
*[http://www.icehousecafe.net Ice House Cafe: Clarksville, Tennessee]
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[[Category:Cities in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Montgomery County, Tennessee]]
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