Cylon Basestar (reimagining) and Pepsi: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 16:31, 31 May 2007

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{{Infobox FictionalBeverage Spacecraft

|name=Pepsi-Cola

| name = ''Basestar''

|image=[[Image:PepsiLogo.jpg|150px]]

| image = Battlestar Galactica 2003 - Basestar.jpg

|type=[[Cola]]

| caption = Cylon Basestars, one firing nuclear missiles

|manufacturer=[[PepsiCo, Inc.]]

| first = [[Battlestar Galactica (TV miniseries)|Mini Series, Part 1]]

|origin={{USA}}

| last =

|introduced=[[1903]]

| status =

|discontinued=

| affiliation = [[Cylon (Battlestar Galactica)|Cylons]]

|related= [[Coca-Cola]]<br/>[[RC Cola]]

| launched =

| decommissioned =

| class =

| registry =

| maxspeed =

| fighters = [[Cylon Raider#Battlestar Galactica (2003, 2004–)|Cylon Raider]]s<br/>[[Cylon Heavy Raider]]s

| armaments = Conventional Long-ranged Missiles, Nuclear missiles

| defense =

| propulsion =

| power =

| length =

| width =

| height =

| primeref =

}}

'''Pepsi-Cola''', commonly called '''Pepsi''', is a [[cola]] [[soft drink]] produced and manufactured by [[PepsiCo]]. It is sold worldwide in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the [[1890s]] by [[pharmacy|pharmacist]] [[Caleb Bradham]]. The brand was trademarked on [[June 16]], [[1903]]. There have been many [[List of Pepsi types|Pepsi variants]] produced over the years, including [[Diet Pepsi]], [[Crystal Pepsi]], [[Pepsi Max]], [[Pepsi Samba]], [[Pepsi Blue]], [[Pepsi Gold]], [[Pepsi Holiday Spice]], [[Pepsi Jazz]], [[Pepsi Next]] (available in [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]]), and [[Pepsi Easter Hop]].{{Fact|date=May 2007}} pepsi is for losers and gay people.

The '''Basestar''', or '''Baseship''' is the primary capital ship of the ''[[Cylon (Battlestar Galactica)|Cylon]]s'' within the re-imagining of the [[science fiction]] mini-series and [[television series]] ''[[Battlestar Galactica (re-imagining)|Battlestar Galactica]]''. They are different in appearance to the original [[Basestar]]s of the [[Battlestar Galactica (1978 TV series)|original 1978]] television series.

==History==

== General description ==

[[Image:Pepsi soda.jpg|thumb|right|Pepsi soda in a cup with icecubes.]]

{{spoiler}}

===Origins===

The Basestar is designed to make [[FTL (Battlestar Galactica)|FTL]] jumps and is equipped to deploy large-scale strikes with high-yield [[nuclear]] and [[Conventional_weapons|conventional]] ordnance. Basestars are [[Biomechanics|biomechanical]] entities, with fleshy "hangars" to house Raiders.<ref name="Kobol's Last Gleaming">{{cite episode | episodelink=Kobol's Last Gleaming (Battlestar Galactica) | title=Kobol's Last Gleaming | series=Battlestar Galactica, 2004 series | serieslink=Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) }}</ref> Basestars are, however, capable of carrying other Cylon models within them.

Pepsi-Cola was first made in [[New Bern, North Carolina]] in the United States in the early 1890s by [[pharmacy|pharmacist]] [[Caleb Bradham]]. In [[1898]], "Brad's drink" was changed to "Pepsi-Cola" and later trademarked on [[June 16]], [[1903]].<ref>[http://www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php?viewall=yes&category=ads_and_history Pepsi World - FAQs - ADS & HISTORY]</ref> There are several theories on the origin of the word "pepsi".

The only two discussed within the current PepsiCo website are the following:

The presence of a Basestar is generally enough to make the ''Galactica'' decline battle; however, in the Season 2 episode "[[Resurrection Ship (Battlestar Galactica)#Part 2|Resurrection Ship, Part 2]]", with both sides' fighter fleets engaged elsewhere, the Battlestars ''Galactica'' and ''Pegasus'' were able to engage and destroy at least one Basestar in ship-to-ship combat. Robbed of their [[Cylon Raider|Raider]] fleet (which is much larger than a Battlestar's [[Colonial Viper|Viper]] complement), they appeared to be no match for the Battlestars. The Battlestars used the tactic of circling one Basestar while firing upon it until destroyed. A similar tactic was used in in the battle of [[New Caprica]] in which the ''Galactica'' used diversions to occupy the Cylon Raiders elsewhere, and fought four Basestars simultaneously. With the arrival of the ''Pegasus'', three Basestars were lost - one by direct ramming, and a second due to collateral damage from the resulting explosion and debris. Another Basestar was destroyed by direct fire from the ''Pegasus''<nowiki>'</nowiki> main cannon batteries to the central hub.<ref name="Exodus">{{cite episode | episodelink=Exodus (Battlestar Galactica) | title=Exodus | series=Battlestar Galactica, 2004 series | serieslink=Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) }}</ref>

#Caleb Badham bought the name "Pep Kola" from a local competitor and changed it to Pepsi-Cola.

#"Pepsi-Cola" is an [[anagram]] for "Episcopal" - a large church across the street from Bradham's drugstore. There is a plaque at the site of the original drugstore documenting this, though PepsiCo has denied this theory.

Another theory is that Caleb Badham and his customers simply thought the name sounded good or the fact that the drink had some kind of "pep" in it because it was a carbonated drink, they gave it the name "Pepsi".

== The Hybrid ==

[[Image:BattlestarGalactica -- 3x06 - Torn.jpg|thumb|The hybrid within the pool.]]

[[Image:Battlestar Galactica Basestar Control Room.JPG|thumb|Basestar Control Room]]

The Basestars' internal functions are controlled by a part-biological, part-machine central computer system known as the Hybrid. The biological part of the Hybrid is a female humanoid Cylon-like being, housed inside an immersion tank similar to a Cylon rebirthing tank and attached to the mechanical part of the Basestar computers by umbilicals.<ref name="Torn">{{cite episode | episodelink=Torn (Battlestar Galactica) | title=Torn | series=[[Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)]]}}</ref> The Hybrids do not have a completely human body, but rather appear to be more like cyborgs, consisting of conduits and other connectors mated to, or in place of elements of their bodies. The Hybrid is not one of the "twelve models" of humanoid Cylon, but is a separate model that effectively further bridges the gap from fully mechanical Centurion, to partially biomechanical Raider, to Hybrid, to humanoid Cylon. They are similar to the autonomous biomechanical pilots within Raiders, specially constructed as living computers that manage the autonomic functions of the basestar, including navigation and FTL jumps, climate control, and the like. The Hybrids are so integrated into the basestar's functionality that they are, for all practical purposes, the basestar.

As Pepsi was initially intended to cure stomach pains, many believe Bradham coined the name Pepsi from either the condition ''[[dyspepsia]]'' (stomach ache or indigestion) or the possible one-time use of pepsin root as an ingredient (often used to treat upset stomachs).{{Fact|date=February 2007}} It was made of [[carbonated water]], [[sugar]], [[vanilla]], [[essential oil|rare oils]], and [[kola nut]]s. Whether the original recipe included the [[enzyme]] [[pepsin]] is disputed.<ref>[http://medialit.med.sc.edu/pepsi.htm Mike Gange, ''Pop Culture Paraphernalia''], ''The Encyclopedia of Pepsi-Cola Collectibles''</ref><ref>[http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpepsi.htm "The History of Pepsi Cola"], Mary Bellis, ''about.com''</ref>

The Hybrid is revealed to be capable of having its own opinions and thoughts, but does not have a say in decisions made by the humanoid Cylon models. The humanoid Cylon models control the Basestar via "control panels" in the Basestar's Control Room that are made up of a red flowing substance that seems to take the commands to the Hybrid itself.<ref name="Torn" />

In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of [[syrup]]. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1924, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1926, the logo was changed again. In 1929, automobile race pioneer [[Barney Oldfield]] endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race".

The Hybrid speaks strange, seemingly random phrases, which most Cylons interpret as the nonsensical babbling of a deranged mind. However, the [[Leoben Conoy]] model of Cylons believe that every word the Hybrid speaks means something, and that the Cylon god speaks through the Hybrids. The Caprica Model Six Cylon, however, has given an alternate explanation: the Hybrids do not perceive their existence in the same way as normal beings. They possess an expanded awareness of being one entity existing in space (as we perceive ourselves as one being perceiving our surroundings) as well as perceiving all activity in their interior.<ref name="Torn" /> The hybrid may also express the state of the ship physically, as seen during an FTL jump when the Hybrid has a physical reaction, similar to an [[orgasm]].<ref name="Torn" />

In 1929, the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt during the [[Great Depression]]- in large part due financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of [[World War I]]. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark.<ref>[http://www.sodamuseum.bigstep.com/generic.jhtml?pid=3 "The History of Pepsi-Cola"], ''sodamuseum.bigstep.com'' paragraph 8</ref> Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manfuacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace [[Coca-Cola]] at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula.

== Defense ==

Visually, Basestars lack the armor of Colonial Battlestars and have no visible means of propulsion. In contrast, ''Mercury''-class Battlestars, such as the ''Pegasus'', have been shown to sustain at least three hits from nuclear weapons and still maintain the ability to devastate Basestars with offensive batteries at close range.<ref name="The Captain's Hand">{{cite episode | episodelink=The Captain's Hand (Battlestar Galactica) | title=The Captain's Hand | series=Battlestar Galactica, 2004 series | serieslink=Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) }}</ref>

===Rise in popularity===

== References ==

During [[The Great Depression]], Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1934 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to 5 cents, sales went through the roof. With twelve ounces a bottle instead of the six ounces Coca-Cola sold, Pepsi turned the price difference to its advantage with a slick radio advertising campaign, featuring the [[jingle]] "Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you,", encouraging price-watching consumers to switch to Pepsi, while obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the twelve ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi Cola's profits doubled.<ref name="coke at home">Jones, Eleanor & Ritzmann, Florian. [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~class/coke/coke1.html "Coca-Cola at Home"]. Retrieved June 17, 2006.</ref>

<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi Cola company. A long legal battle then ensued, with Guth losing. Loft now owned Pepsi, and the two companies did a merger, then immediately spun the Loft company off.

== External links ==

* [[BattlestarWiki:Basestar|Basestar]] at the BattlestarWiki, a ''[[Battlestar Galactica]]'' [[wiki]].

===Niche marketing===

{{GalacticaVehicles}}

[[Image:Pepsi targeted ad 1940s.jpg|thumb|1940s advertisement specifically targeting African Americans. The young boy is [[Ron Brown (U.S. politician)|Ron Brown]].]]

Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported [[progressivism|progressive]] causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using [[advertising]] for a general audience either ignored [[African American]]s or used [[ethnic stereotypes in American media|ethnic stereotypes]] in portraying blacks. He realized African Americans were an untapped [[niche market]] and that Pepsi stood to gain [[market share]] by targeting its advertising directly towards them.<ref name="nytboyd">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/business/06boyd.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries&oref=slogin | last=Martin | first=Douglas | date=[[May 6]] [[2007]] | title=Edward F. Boyd Dies at 92; Marketed Pepsi to Blacks. | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref> To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field"<ref name="capparellreview">{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/books/reviews/2007-01-22-pepsi-book_x.htm?csp=34 | title=Pepsi's challenge in 1940s: Color barrier | publisher=[[USA Today]] | first=Michelle | last=Archer | date=[[January 22]] [[2007]] | accessdate=2007-05-07}}</ref> to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of [[World War II]]. In 1947, Mack resumed his efforts, hiring [[Edward F. Boyd]] to lead a twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a [[six pack]] of Pepsi while her son (a young [[Ron Brown (U.S. politician)|Ron Brown]], who grew up to be [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]]<ref name="latboyd">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-boyd5may05,0,7240282,full.story?coll=la-news-obituaries | title=Edward Boyd, 92; Pepsi ad man broke color barriers | publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]] | first=Jocelyn Y | last=Stewart | date=[[May 5]] [[2007]] | accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref>) reaches up for one. Another [[ad campaign]], titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner [[Ralph Bunche]] and photographer [[Gordon Parks]].

Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of African Americans around the country to promote Pepsi. [[Racial segregation]] and [[Jim Crow laws]] were still in place throughout much of the U.S. and Boyd's team encountered a great deal of discrimination as a result.<ref name="capparellreview"/> Not only did they have to ride on segregated trains and stay in black-only hotels, but they faced insults from Pepsi co-workers and even endured threats from the [[Ku Klux Klan]].<ref name="latboyd"/> On the other hand, they were able to use [[racism]] as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and the support of segregationist [[Governor of Georgia]] [[Herman Talmadge]] by the chairman of Coke.<ref name="nytboyd"/> As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the sales team visited [[Chicago]], Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.<ref name="nytboyd"/>

[[Category:Battlestar Galactica vehicles]]

[[Category:Bioships]]

Besides racism, the sales team faced obstacles laid down by Coke personnel. ''Wall Street Journal'' writer Stephanie Capparell's book ''The Real Pepsi Challenge'' details efforts by Coke deliverymen to tear down Pepsi advertising or dirty Pepsi bottles by wiping them with oil rags. They even started a rumor that a black man drowned in one of Pepsi's syrup tanks, leading to a boycott of the cola in [[North Carolina]].<ref name="capparellreview"/>

[[Category:Fictional motherships]]

This focus on the African American market caused some consternation within the company and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear that [[whites]] would be pushed away.<ref name="nytboyd"/> In a meeting at the [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]], Mack tried to assuage the 500 [[bottler]]s in attendance by pandering to them, saying, "We don't want it to become known as the [[nigger]] drink."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200702/20070227_boyd.html | first=Smiley | last=Tavis | date=[[February 27]] [[2007]] | title=Edward Boyd | publisher=[[PBS]] | format=interview | accessdate=2007-05-04}}</ref> After Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team team faded and it was cut.

===New advertising strategy===

New President Alfred Steele completely changed direction with the marketing of the product to alter the "econo-brand" image of Pepsi. Postwar inflation put an end to the "Twice as much for a nickel" pricing and marketing strategy anyway, with some bottlers switching to 10 or even 8 ounce bottles at the nickel price, while others kept the 12 ounce bottles but at a higher price, and still others switched to 6 ounce bottles for seven cents. Pepsi's formula was also slightly changed, this time removing some of the sugar content. This was tied into their new image of Pepsi as "The Light Refreshment" and was followed by attempts to market Pepsi as a more affluent beverage. This was the "Be Sociable" campaign and wasn't particularly successful. Pepsi's next strong marketing success didn't occur until they targeted the youth market. First with the "Think Young" campaign in 1961, then more famously with their "Pepsi Generation" advertising two years later.

By the early 1960s, competitor [[Royal Crown Company]] was having strong success with their [[Diet Rite Cola]]. At that time, The Pepsi-Cola company had branched out into producing other flavors, under their Patio line, and in response to the success of Diet Rite, they added Patio Diet Cola. Success with Patio Diet Cola encouraged them to instead market it as Diet Pepsi in 1964. This was the also the year that Pepsi purchased the [[Mountain Dew]] brand from the southeast region Tip Corporation.

In 1965, the Pepsi-Cola Company merged with Frito-Lay, forming [[PepsiCo]].

==Marketing==

[[Image:Pepsicup.jpg|thumb|right|A large advertisement made to resemble a Pepsi cup.]]

[[Image:Pepsinewcan.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The first of many new designs of Pepsi cans were released in 2007.]]

In 1975, PepsiCo introduced the [[Pepsi Challenge]] marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival [[Coca-Cola]]. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with [[television commercial]]s reporting the test results to the public.<ref>[http://www.sodamuseum.bigstep.com/generic.jhtml?pid=3 SODAmuseum.com "The History of Pepsi-Cola"], ''sodamuseum.bigstep.com'', paragraph 31</ref> Some attribute this to the higher sugar content found in Pepsi compared to Coca-Cola, as seen in the book ''[[Big Secrets]]'' by [[William Poundstone]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful [[Pepsi Stuff]] marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing."<ref>[http://www.pepsico.com/PEP_Company/Honors/index.cfm PepsiCo - Company - Honors (2002)], ''Promo'' Magazine, 2002.</ref>

In 2007, PepsiCo announced that Pepsi's cans would be redesigned again.<ref>[http://www.pepsigallery.com/?or=pw.474 Pepsi Can Gallery]</ref>

=== Celebrity endorsers ===

{{main|Pepsi spokespersons}}

Unlike Coca-Cola, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various [[celebrity]] endorsers and continue to use them. [[Joan Crawford]] married Al Steele who was director of the company, she filled Al's place on the board of directors after he died.

<!-- Please do not put specific celebrities here. Celebrities are detailed in the Pepsi spokespersons article-->

=== Slogans ===

*1939: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"

*1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"

*1958: "Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi"

*1961: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young"

*1963: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation".

*1967: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".

*1969: "You've Got a Lot to Live, Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give".

*1973: "Join the Pepsi people (feeling free)".

*1975: "Have a Pepsi day".

*1979: "Catch that Pepsi spirit". David Lucas composer

*1981: "Pepsi's got your taste for life".

*1983: "Pepsi's Now!"

*1984: "The Choice of a New Generation".

*1991: "Gotta Have It."

*1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi".

*1997: "GeneratioNext".

*1999: "Ask for More"/"The Joy of Pepsi-Cola".

*2003: "It's the Cola"/"Dare for More".

*2007: "More Happy".

==Types of Pepsi==

:''See also: [[List of Pepsi types]]''

[[Image:Crystal-pepsi.jpg|thumb|right|[[Crystal Pepsi]] was one of the unpopular Pepsi variations.]]

There are many types of Pepsi-Cola all differing in taste, price and appearance. Diet Pepsi is one of the most popular variations of the drink, containing no sugar and zero calories. Other popular low calorie variations of the drink include [[Pepsi Max]], [[Pepsi ONE]], [[Caffeine-Free Pepsi]] and [[Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi]]. In Japan there is Pepsi NEX, which is believed to be the equivilent of Pepsi MAX.

PepsiCo has marketed many different fruit flavors of the drink including: [[Wild Cherry Pepsi]] (1988), [[Diet Wild Cherry Pepsi]] (2005), Pepsi Lime (2005) and Diet Pepsi Lime (2005) and [[Pepsi Jazz]] diet cola with two flavors, Strawberries & Cream (2006) and Black Cherry French Vanilla (2006). PepsiCo also rivaled Coca-Cola's lemon-flavored products with [[Pepsi Twist]]. Pepsi Twist has been successfully marketed in [[Brazil]] (with lime instead of lemon), where a limited-edition version is also sold, the ''Pepsi Twistão'', with an even stronger lime flavor. Pepsi A-ha, with a lemon flavor, was launched in [[India]] in 2002 but was not successful. Another type, Pepsi Samba, was released in Australia in the 3rd Quarter of 2005; it is Pepsi with a tropical taste of [[tamarind]] and [[mango]].

PepsiCo has introduced many variant versions of Pepsi over the years that differ from the original version in either flavor, appearance or both. [[Crystal Pepsi]], a clear cola free of caffeine, sodium and preservatives, was introduced in 1992 and phased out the following year. Similarly, the blue-colored berry cola [[Pepsi Blue]] was introduced in mid-2002 to a mixed response. PepsiCo withdrew it from the market in 2004. In 2006, [[Pepsi Gold]] was released.

PepsiCo has introduced [[coffee]]-flavored variations of the drink. In 2005, [[Pepsi Cappuccino]] was released in [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]] with another coffee-flavored cola called [[Pepsi Tarik]] in [[Malaysia]] and [[Pepsi Cafechino]] in India. In late 2005/early 2006 in the UK PepsiCo released Pepsi Max Cino, a [[cappuccino]] variant of its popular Pepsi Max beverage.

Many types of the drink have only been produced or sold for a limited time, such as [[Pepsi Holiday Spice]], a spicy Christmas seasonal finish of ginger and cinnamon. [[Pepsi X]] is another variation which contains more caffeine than regular Pepsi-Cola and in addition also contains [[taurine]] and [[guaranine]]. It is similar to other energy drinks such as [[Red Bull]].

PepsiCo markets [[Pepsi ONE]] in the US in place of Pepsi X (sold only outside the US and not currently available for import), as both are sweetened with SPLENDA® No Calorie Sweetener, and Pepsi ONE contains 4.6mg of caffeine per ounce without the added taurine and guaranine (Pepsi X has 2.5mg of caffeine and regular Pepsi has 3.13mg per ounce).

==Criticisms==

:''Main article'': ''[[PepsiCo#Criticisms|PepsiCo Criticisms]]''

In 2003 and again in 2006,<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/aug/05pepsicoke.htm Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE]</ref> the [[Centre for Science and Environment]] (CSE), a [[non-governmental organization]] in [[New Delhi]], found that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products.<ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/latest_full_story.php?content_id=136991 Cola sales down 10% on state bans]</ref> In the Indian state of [[Kerala]], sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, has been banned.<ref>[http://autofeed.msn.co.in/pandorav3/output/News/53a3285a-8106-4c3f-9e76-a5081c8762b8.aspx Kerala bans Coke and Pepsi]</ref> Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4776623.stm Indian state bans Pepsi and Coke]</ref>

On Friday, September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.<ref>Thomas, V.M. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/22/AR2006092200277.html Indian Court Overturns Coke, Pepsi Ban]</ref>

Iran state television broadcast anti-Pepsi propaganda, saying that the PEPSI letters stood for Pay Each Penny Save Israel.[http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=1277] PepsiCo has a bottling plant in Iran.[http://www.metimes.com/articles/normal.php?StoryID=20060719-083019-1430r]

==Rivalry with Coca-Cola==

According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted [[blind taste test]]s in stores, in what was called the "[[Pepsi Challenge]]". These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more [[lemon]] oil, less [[orange (fruit)|orange]] oil, and uses [[vanillin]] rather than [[vanilla]]) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation.

In 1985, [[The Coca-Cola Company]], amid much publicity, changed its [[Coca-Cola formula|formula]]. Some authorities believe that [[New Coke]], as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly reintroducing the original formula as Coke "Classic".

Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]] (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the [[Pakistan cricket team]] since the [[1990s]]) and the [[Province of Canada|Canadian provinces]] of [[Quebec]] and [[Prince Edward Island]] are three exceptions.<ref>[http://www.strategymag.com/articles/magazine/20041015/vive.html?page=1 "Vive la difference

'Does that mean I have to have a separate campaign?"], ''Strategy Magazine'', [[October]] [[2004]]</ref>

By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In [[1988]], PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned [[Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation]] (PAIC) and [[Voltas India Limited]]. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in [[1994]]. In [[1993]], The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's [[Liberalization]] policy.<ref>[http://www.mindfully.org/Water/2005/India-Coca-Cola-Pepsi14mar05.htm "India: Soft Drinks, Hard Cases"], ''The Water Dossier'', [[14 March]] [[2005]]</ref> In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.8%.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1191706.cms "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India"], ''Times News Network'', [[August 5]] [[2005]]</ref>

Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian [[Francophone]]s and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local [[Québécois]] celebrities (especially [[Claude Meunier]], of ''[[La Petite Vie]]'' fame) to sell its product. "Pepsi" eventually became an offensive [[nickname]] for Francophones viewed as a lower class by [[Anglophone]]s in the middle of the 20th century. The term is now used as an historical reference to French-English linguistic animosity (During the partitionist debate surrounding the 1995 referendum, a pundit wrote, "''And a wall will be erected along St-Laurent street [the traditional divide between French and English in Montréal] because some people were throwing Coke bottles one way and Pepsi bottles the other way''").

In the U.S., Pepsi's total market share was about 31.7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43.1 percent.<ref>[http://www.beverage-digest.com/pdf/top-10_2005.pdf "Beverage Digest Press Release"], ''Beverage Digest'', [[March 4]] [[2005]] (PDF)</ref>

In [[Russia]], Pepsi once had a larger market share than Coca-Cola. However, Pepsi's dominance in Russia was undercut as the [[Cold War]] ended. PepsiCo had made a deal with the Soviet Union for scale production of Pepsi in 1972.[http://www.free-essays.us/dbase/b5/lvt48.shtml] When the [[Collapse of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union fell apart]], Pepsi, was associated with the old Soviet system, and Coca Cola, just newly introduced to the Russian market in 1992, was associated with the new system. Thus, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant [[market share]] away from Pepsi that might otherwise have needed years to build up. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent.<ref>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/12/30/041.html "Coke Versus Pepsi, Santa Versus Moroz"], ''The Moscow Times'', [[December 30]] [[2005]]</ref>

In the same way that Coca Cola has become a cultural icon and its global spread has spawned words like "[[coca colonization]]", Pepsi Cola and its relation to Russia has also turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term, "[[Pepsi-stroika]]", began appearing as a pun on "[[perestroika]]", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of the relationship and the Soviet policy.<ref>The word first appeared in an exhibit in the Harvard University Law School Library in December 1990 to February 1991, then in several articles and books by anthropologist [[David Lempert]], who coined the phrase. Most notable is the third book inside the two volume set, "Pepsi-stroika" in ''Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy,'' Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.</ref>

== Ingredients ==

<!-- ingredients details correct as found at http://www.dietfacts.com/html/items/13138.htm -->

{| class ="wikitable" align="right" cellborder="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"

!

! Amount per 100mL

|-

|'''Energy'''

|196.5 kJ

|-

|'''Fat'''

|0 g

|-

|'''Sodium'''

|0.98 mg

|-

|'''Carbohydrates'''

|11.74 g

|-

|'''Sugar'''

|11.04 g

|-

|'''Protein'''

|0 g

|-

|'''Caffeine'''

|10 mg

|}

The Pepsi-Cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, [[high fructose corn syrup]], sugar, [[coloring]]s, [[phosphoric acid]], [[caffeine]], [[citric acid]] and [[flavor|natural flavors]]. The caffeine free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine.

The original Pepsi-Cola recipe (which is pretty close to the original Coca-Cola recipe) was actually available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. Note that the original formuation contained neither cola nor caffiene.

The Original Pepsi-Cola Recipe[http://www.sodamuseum.bigstep.com/generic.jhtml?pid=11]

Pepsi Cola Formula:

*Sugar- Standard Confectioners A 7500 pounds

*Water, sufficient quantity to 1200 gallons

*Caramel - burnt sugar color 12 gallons

*Lime Juice 12 gallons

*Phosphoric Acid S.G. 1.750 58 pounds

*Alcohol 1/2 gallon

*Oil Lemon 6 fluid ounces

*Oil Orange 5 fluid ounces

*Cinnamon Oil 4 fluid ounces

*Oil Nutmeg 2 fluid ounces

*Oil Coriander 2 fluid ounces

*Oil Petit Grain 1 fluid ounce

Mix; Stir two hours:

Boil Sugar and Water

==Competitors==

*[[Coca-Cola]]

*[[R.C. Cola]]

==See also==

*[[Pepsico]]

*[[Pepsi Stuff]]

*[[Soft drink]]

*[[Cola wars]]

*[[Coca-Cola]] (drink)

*[[The Coca-Cola Company]] (Competitor)

*[[Pepsiman]] (Mascot for the [[Japan]]ese division of Pepsi)

*[[List of Pepsi types]]

== Listen ==

* [http://www.OldRadioFun.com/downloads/Commercials.19xx.xx.xx_Pepsi_Cola.mp3 1939 Radio Commercial] (Twice as Much for a Nickel)

== Notes ==

<div class="references-small">

<references/>

</div>

==References==

* ''Beverage World Magazine'', January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi - The First 100 Years"

* Stoddard, Bob. ''Pepsi Cola - 100 Years'' (1997), General Publishing Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA

* "''History & Milestones''" (1996), Pepsi packet

* Louis, J.C. & Yazijian, Harvey Z. "The Cola Wars" (1980), Everest House, Publishers, New York, NY, USA

==External links==

* [http://www.theoriginof.com/pepsi.html The origin of Company Pepsi]

* [http://www.pepsiusa.com/ Pepsi FAQ]

* [http://www.pepsiworld.com/ Pepsi World]

* [http://www.pepsigallery.com/ Pepsi Gallery - Pepsi Promotional site]

* [http://www.pepsiamericas.com/ Pepsi Americas]

* [http://money.cnn.com/2005/03/07/news/fortune400/cokepepsi_sales/ 'Coke, Pepsi losing the fizz']

* [http://wiredforbooks.org/johnsculley/ 1987 Audio Interview with John Sculley by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio]

* [http://www.pepsifireworks.com The Annual Pepsi Independence Day Celebration (Tri-Cities, TN.)]

* [http://www.freewebs.com/pepsicappuccino/ The Pepsi Max Cappuccino Wire], a fan site to Pepsi Max Cappuccino.

* [http://www.foodsdatabase.com/LinkedLabel.aspx?FoodId=7356 Nutrition facts]

* http://www.springbokradio.com/ADSPEPSI.html (South African 1977 Radio Commercial)

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