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List of birds of Singapore and Pepsi: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Beverage
'''[[Singapore]]''' has 365 species of '''[[bird]]s''' on the official checklist. This is 15 more birds compared to the 1999 checklist. In addition to these are some ornamental birds, escapees and free-ranging birds from the [[Singapore Zoo]] or [[Jurong Bird Park]], making a total of about 400 bird species. This is a substantial number for a small country like Singapore. However, with the rapid [[industrialization]] of this small island nation, more of nature is making way for human usage. Nevertheless, many nature areas are of easy access, making Singapore one of the best place for some good birding.
|name=Pepsi-Cola
|image=[[Image:PepsiLogo.jpg|150px]]
|type=[[Cola]]
|manufacturer=[[PepsiCo, Inc.]]
|origin={{USA}}
|introduced=[[1903]]
|discontinued=
|related= [[Coca-Cola]]<br/>[[RC Cola]]
}}
'''Pepsi-Cola''', commonly called '''Pepsi''', is a [[cola]] [[soft drink]] produced and manufactured by [[PepsiCo]]. It is sold worldwide in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the [[1890s]] by [[pharmacy|pharmacist]] [[Caleb Bradham]]. The brand was trademarked on [[June 16]], [[1903]]. There have been many [[List of Pepsi types|Pepsi variants]] produced over the years, including [[Diet Pepsi]], [[Crystal Pepsi]], [[Pepsi Max]], [[Pepsi Samba]], [[Pepsi Blue]], [[Pepsi Gold]], [[Pepsi Holiday Spice]], [[Pepsi Jazz]], [[Pepsi Next]] (available in [[Japan]] and [[South Korea]]), and [[Pepsi Easter Hop]].{{Fact|date=May 2007}} pepsi is for losers and gay people.
 
==Human impactHistory==
[[Image:Pepsi soda.jpg|thumb|right|Pepsi soda in a cup with icecubes.]]
===Industrialization===
===Origins===
Like all developing and developed nations, nature is often sacrificed for man-made structures, like housing estates, golf courses and factories. Many native species have disappeared since the 1950s. Gone are the magnificent trogons, and most of the broadbills, hornbills and woodpeckers - mainly forest birds. And many are joining the unfortunate fate of these birds. [[Senoko]] was a bird-rich site that was totally destroyed to make way for an industrial estate in the 1990s. [[Poyan Reservoir]] was enlarged and hence destroying the marsh around it and possibly decimating the breeding population of cotton pygmy geese and purple swamphen there. This was also a great place for migrant ducks and coots. Many areas were also cleared in anticipation of future development and remained unused many years after, e.g. Simpang. Also many became designated military areas barring public access.
Pepsi-Cola was first made in [[New Bern, North Carolina]] in the United States in the early 1890s by [[pharmacy|pharmacist]] [[Caleb Bradham]]. In [[1898]], "Brad's drink" was changed to "Pepsi-Cola" and later trademarked on [[June 16]], [[1903]].<ref>[http://www.pepsi.com/help/faqs/faq.php?viewall=yes&category=ads_and_history Pepsi World - FAQs - ADS & HISTORY]</ref> There are several theories on the origin of the word "pepsi".
 
The only two discussed within the current PepsiCo website are the following:
However, it was not always a losing battle. The establishment of Sungei Buloh Bird Sanctuary (now known as [[Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve]]) in 1993 was a huge success for the local birding community and rightfully so because it is an important roosting ground for many wintering waders, as well as being one of the remaining [[mangrove]]s of Singapore. The preservation of Chek Jawa was another such victory.
#Caleb Badham bought the name "Pep Kola" from a local competitor and changed it to Pepsi-Cola.
#"Pepsi-Cola" is an [[anagram]] for "Episcopal" - a large church across the street from Bradham's drugstore. There is a plaque at the site of the original drugstore documenting this, though PepsiCo has denied this theory.
 
Another theory is that Caleb Badham and his customers simply thought the name sounded good or the fact that the drink had some kind of "pep" in it because it was a carbonated drink, they gave it the name "Pepsi".
Despite all the development, there are still 'bird-worthy' areas in Singapore. [[Bukit Timah Nature Reserve]] is the last substantial [[primary forest]] in Singapore. [[Central Catchment Nature Reserve]] at the centre of Singapore comprises of a secondary forest, a swamp forest and four large reservoirs, making it a haven for forest birds. [[Singapore Botanic Gardens]] is a manicured nature area but is a surprising great place to get up close and personal with some rare birds. Also of note
are the various nature areas which are not designated protected areas, but are [[Important Bird Areas]] ([[IBA]]). Some of these are [[Changi Reclaimed Land]], [[Pulau Ubin]], [[Lorong Halus]], [[Bukit Batok Nature Park]].
 
As Pepsi was initially intended to cure stomach pains, many believe Bradham coined the name Pepsi from either the condition ''[[dyspepsia]]'' (stomach ache or indigestion) or the possible one-time use of pepsin root as an ingredient (often used to treat upset stomachs).{{Fact|date=February 2007}} It was made of [[carbonated water]], [[sugar]], [[vanilla]], [[essential oil|rare oils]], and [[kola nut]]s. Whether the original recipe included the [[enzyme]] [[pepsin]] is disputed.<ref>[http://medialit.med.sc.edu/pepsi.htm Mike Gange, ''Pop Culture Paraphernalia''], ''The Encyclopedia of Pepsi-Cola Collectibles''</ref><ref>[http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blpepsi.htm "The History of Pepsi Cola"], Mary Bellis, ''about.com''</ref>
===Introduction===
A number of species were originally aliens, but have become so established in Singapore that their status were changed to reflect their presence. The [[House Crow]] is the most successful introduced bird in Singapore. It was originally brought in from [[Sri Lanka]] for the purpose of controlling the caterpillar population, but the plan back-fired and instead of attacking the caterpillars, they became a pest. Now, the House Crow is found in almost all corners of Singapore (including offshore islands) except deep in the forests. Some exotic pets have also established themselves in Singapore. They were either escapees or released. These include various [[parrot]] species, [[Javan Myna]], and [[House Sparrow]].
 
In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of [[syrup]]. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1924, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1926, the logo was changed again. In 1929, automobile race pioneer [[Barney Oldfield]] endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race".
The act of releasing animals for religious purpose is strongly discouraged but people are still doing it. Not only does doing so disrupt the ecosystem, most of the time, the released animals could not adapt to the new environment and die prematurely. However, birds are less prone to it as they could fly off from the alien environment they were released to more familiar ground. Some like the [[Rock Pigeon]] have gained a strong foothold in urban areas. It is difficult to determine which species was released and which are escapees and it could well be a combination of both throughout the years. Hence, they are lumped under the status 'Introduced'.
 
In 1929, the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt during the [[Great Depression]]- in large part due financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of [[World War I]]. Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark.<ref>[http://www.sodamuseum.bigstep.com/generic.jhtml?pid=3 "The History of Pepsi-Cola"], ''sodamuseum.bigstep.com'' paragraph 8</ref> Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manfuacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace [[Coca-Cola]] at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula.
Most of the time, alien introduction brings negative effects like predators that prey on local life forms, competition with local community and diseases. The House Crow has driven the native [[Large-billed Crow]] into the forests. Javan Myna has become more abundant than the [[Common Myna]]. However, on rare occasion, alien introduction can have positive effect to a particular species. The introduction of the Hhouse Crow has benefited the [[Asian Koel]], which [[brood parasite|brood-parasitizes]] the crow. Birders used to go to offshore islands to search for the Koel, now their loud characteristic ''ko-el'' call can be heard at all neighbourhoods.
 
===PoachingRise in popularity===
During [[The Great Depression]], Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1934 of a 12-ounce bottle. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to 5 cents, sales went through the roof. With twelve ounces a bottle instead of the six ounces Coca-Cola sold, Pepsi turned the price difference to its advantage with a slick radio advertising campaign, featuring the [[jingle]] "Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you,", encouraging price-watching consumers to switch to Pepsi, while obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the twelve ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi Cola's profits doubled.<ref name="coke at home">Jones, Eleanor & Ritzmann, Florian. [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~class/coke/coke1.html "Coca-Cola at Home"]. Retrieved June 17, 2006.</ref>
Despite being a developed nation, poaching is still going on in Singapore. [[Baya Weaver]] nests have been collected for sale. Even forest birds like the [[Olive-winged Bulbul]]s can be found in pet bird shops! [[Spotted Dove]]s and [[Zebra Dove]]s are constantly being trapped. Poachers bring their own doves and used their calls to attract other doves. Some use tape recorders to attract them. Presently the best way to deal with poachers is to call the police. The public should not confront the poachers directly for their own safety. The only legalized killing of birds in Singapore, is the culling of House Crows.
 
Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi Cola company. A long legal battle then ensued, with Guth losing. Loft now owned Pepsi, and the two companies did a merger, then immediately spun the Loft company off.
==Bird-watching in Singapore==
[[Bird-watching]] (or simply [[birding]]) is a growing hobby everywhere. This is due to the availability of equipment like binoculars, scopes and digital photography to capture the beauty of birds. Also, birds are the animals one is most likely to encounter in a great variety due to their power of flight. The typical [[binocular]] for birding is an 8x30 or 10x42 (magnification x lens diameter in mm). The larger the magnification the larger the bird appears, but the tradeoff is less stability as our hands are always quivering. The larger the lens diameter the more light it can collect and channel to the eyes, but the tradeoff is the bulkiness. For faraway birds, a [[telescope]] will come in handy. The best can go up to 60X magnification. Coupled with a digital camera, the scope can be transformed into a great photography tool ([[digiscope]]). Digiscoping has become quite a popular substitute for digital [[SLR]] photography because for someone who already has a scope, adding a camera attachment is comparatively cheap. However, digital SLR camera remains the tool professional bird photographers prefer due to the various lens adjustments, filters and settings they can play with.
 
===Niche marketing===
Besides the optical tools, birders always carry a field guide. It is helpful for quick reference to identify the bird out in the field. A good field guide has descriptions of the birds and make comparison with similar birds, highlighting the subtle differences. It also shows the various morphs and breeding, non-breeding, immature, juvenile plumages of each species. While photographic guides are good (especially if one has a matching photo to compare), they do not easily show all these points. A well-drawn guide will be a better choice. Habitats, calls and songs, and behavioural details are also essential to identification of birds. '''A Field Guide to the Birds of South-east Asia''' by Craig Robson, is the authoritative guide for Singapore birders.
[[Image:Pepsi targeted ad 1940s.jpg|thumb|1940s advertisement specifically targeting African Americans. The young boy is [[Ron Brown (U.S. politician)|Ron Brown]].]]
Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported [[progressivism|progressive]] causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using [[advertising]] for a general audience either ignored [[African American]]s or used [[ethnic stereotypes in American media|ethnic stereotypes]] in portraying blacks. He realized African Americans were an untapped [[niche market]] and that Pepsi stood to gain [[market share]] by targeting its advertising directly towards them.<ref name="nytboyd">{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/06/business/06boyd.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries&oref=slogin | last=Martin | first=Douglas | date=[[May 6]] [[2007]] | title=Edward F. Boyd Dies at 92; Marketed Pepsi to Blacks. | publisher=[[The New York Times]] | accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref> To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field"<ref name="capparellreview">{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/books/reviews/2007-01-22-pepsi-book_x.htm?csp=34 | title=Pepsi's challenge in 1940s: Color barrier | publisher=[[USA Today]] | first=Michelle | last=Archer | date=[[January 22]] [[2007]] | accessdate=2007-05-07}}</ref> to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of [[World War II]]. In 1947, Mack resumed his efforts, hiring [[Edward F. Boyd]] to lead a twelve-man team. They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a [[six pack]] of Pepsi while her son (a young [[Ron Brown (U.S. politician)|Ron Brown]], who grew up to be [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]]<ref name="latboyd">{{cite news | url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-boyd5may05,0,7240282,full.story?coll=la-news-obituaries | title=Edward Boyd, 92; Pepsi ad man broke color barriers | publisher=[[Los Angeles Times]] | first=Jocelyn Y | last=Stewart | date=[[May 5]] [[2007]] | accessdate=2007-05-05}}</ref>) reaches up for one. Another [[ad campaign]], titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as [[Nobel Peace Prize]] winner [[Ralph Bunche]] and photographer [[Gordon Parks]].
 
Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of African Americans around the country to promote Pepsi. [[Racial segregation]] and [[Jim Crow laws]] were still in place throughout much of the U.S. and Boyd's team encountered a great deal of discrimination as a result.<ref name="capparellreview"/> Not only did they have to ride on segregated trains and stay in black-only hotels, but they faced insults from Pepsi co-workers and even endured threats from the [[Ku Klux Klan]].<ref name="latboyd"/> On the other hand, they were able to use [[racism]] as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and the support of segregationist [[Governor of Georgia]] [[Herman Talmadge]] by the chairman of Coke.<ref name="nytboyd"/> As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the sales team visited [[Chicago]], Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.<ref name="nytboyd"/>
Getting hold of a local checklist is also helpful because sometimes identification of a bird depends on elimination. Does it have yellow feet? Does it prefer mangrove or grassland? Does it have an undulating flight? Birders carry pen and paper to note down the birds they see or hear and any interesting features or behaviour they observe. They wear dull-coloured clothes so as not to stand out in the field and disturbing the birds. The ethics of birding dictates that birders put the welfare of birds before the tick on the checklist.
 
Besides racism, the sales team faced obstacles laid down by Coke personnel. ''Wall Street Journal'' writer Stephanie Capparell's book ''The Real Pepsi Challenge'' details efforts by Coke deliverymen to tear down Pepsi advertising or dirty Pepsi bottles by wiping them with oil rags. They even started a rumor that a black man drowned in one of Pepsi's syrup tanks, leading to a boycott of the cola in [[North Carolina]].<ref name="capparellreview"/>
==List of birds==
'''Abundance'''
<table>
<tr>
<td width=250>VC = Very Common
<td width=250>C = Common
<td width=250>U = Uncommon
<tr>
<td width=250>R = Rare
<td width=250>VR = Very Rare
<td width=250>Ex = Extinct
</table>
 
This focus on the African American market caused some consternation within the company and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear that [[whites]] would be pushed away.<ref name="nytboyd"/> In a meeting at the [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]], Mack tried to assuage the 500 [[bottler]]s in attendance by pandering to them, saying, "We don't want it to become known as the [[nigger]] drink."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pbs.org/kcet/tavissmiley/archive/200702/20070227_boyd.html | first=Smiley | last=Tavis | date=[[February 27]] [[2007]] | title=Edward Boyd | publisher=[[PBS]] | format=interview | accessdate=2007-05-04}}</ref> After Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team team faded and it was cut.
'''Status'''
<table>
<tr>
<td width=250>I = Introduced
<td width=250>rI = Reintroduced
<td width=250>Es = Escapee
<tr>
<td width=250>O = Ornamental
<td width=250>F = Free-ranging
<td width=250>RB = Resident Breeder
<tr>
<td width=250>R = Resident
<td width=250>WV = Winter Visitor
<td width=250>PM = Passage Migrant
<tr>
<td width=250>MB = Migrant Breeder
<td width=250>V = Vagrant
<td width=250>NBV = Non-breeding Visitor
</table>
 
===New advertising strategy===
'''Popular birding spots'''
New President Alfred Steele completely changed direction with the marketing of the product to alter the "econo-brand" image of Pepsi. Postwar inflation put an end to the "Twice as much for a nickel" pricing and marketing strategy anyway, with some bottlers switching to 10 or even 8 ounce bottles at the nickel price, while others kept the 12 ounce bottles but at a higher price, and still others switched to 6 ounce bottles for seven cents. Pepsi's formula was also slightly changed, this time removing some of the sugar content. This was tied into their new image of Pepsi as "The Light Refreshment" and was followed by attempts to market Pepsi as a more affluent beverage. This was the "Be Sociable" campaign and wasn't particularly successful. Pepsi's next strong marketing success didn't occur until they targeted the youth market. First with the "Think Young" campaign in 1961, then more famously with their "Pepsi Generation" advertising two years later.
<table>
<tr>
<td width=250>BB = Bukit Batok
<td width=250>BC = Bukit Brown Cemetery
<td width=250>BG = Botanic Gardens
<tr>
<td width=250>BT = Bukit Timah
<td width=250>CF = Central Forests
<td width=250>CR = Changi Reclaimed Land
<tr>
<td width=250>FC = Fort Canning
<td width=250>JL = Jurong Lake
<td width=250>KB = Khatib Bongsu
<tr>
<td width=250>KD = Kranji Dam/Reservoir
<td width=250>KM = Kranji Marsh
<td width=250>KR = Kent Ridge Park
<tr>
<td width=250>LH = Lorong Halus
<td width=250>MF = Mt Faber
<td width=250>MM = Mandai Mudflat
<tr>
<td width=250>MS = Marina South
<td width=250>NT = Neo Tiew Lane
<td width=250>PG = Punggol Grassland
<tr>
<td width=250>PH = Pulau Hantu
<td width=250>PR = Pasir Ris
<td width=250>PS = Pulau Semakau
<tr>
<td width=250>PT = Pulau Tekong
<td width=250>PU = Pulau Ubin
<td width=250>PY = Poyan
<tr>
<td width=250>SB = Sungei Buloh
<td width=250>SG = Simpang Grassland
<td width=250>SJ = St John's Island
<tr>
<td width=250>SL = Seletar
<td width=250>SP = Sungei Punggol
<td width=250>SR = Sarimbun
<tr>
<td width=250>SS = Sungei Serangoon
<td width=250>ST = Sentosa
<td width=250>TB = Telok Blangah Hill
<tr>
<td width=250>TG = Tuas Grassland
<td width=250>TP = Tampines
<td width=250>WC = West Coast
</table>
 
By the early 1960s, competitor [[Royal Crown Company]] was having strong success with their [[Diet Rite Cola]]. At that time, The Pepsi-Cola company had branched out into producing other flavors, under their Patio line, and in response to the success of Diet Rite, they added Patio Diet Cola. Success with Patio Diet Cola encouraged them to instead market it as Diet Pepsi in 1964. This was the also the year that Pepsi purchased the [[Mountain Dew]] brand from the southeast region Tip Corporation.
===Order [[Galliformes]] ([[Fowl]])===
Family [[Phasianidae]] ([[Pheasant]]s and relatives)
*[[Blue-breasted Quail]] (''[[Coturnix chinensis]]'') - U/RB - PG
*[[Red Junglefowl]] (''[[Gallus gallus]]'') - U/RB+IRB - RB: PU. IRB: PR, SL, SB
*[[Black Wood Partridge]] (''[[Melanoperdix nigra]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Crestless Fireback]] (''[[Lophura erythropthalma]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Malaysian Peacock Pheasant]] (''[[Polyplectron malacense]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Great Argus Pheasant]] (''[[Argusianus argus]]'') - Ex/RB
 
In 1965, the Pepsi-Cola Company merged with Frito-Lay, forming [[PepsiCo]].
===Order [[Anseriformes]] ([[Waterfowl]])===
Family [[Anatidae]] ([[Duck]]s, [[Goose|geese]] and [[swan]]s)
*[[Mute Swan]] (''[[Cygnus olor]]'') - U/O - BG
*[[Black Swan]] (''[[Cygnus atratus]]'') - U/O - BG
*[[Domestic Goose]] (''[[Anser anser]]'') - U/O - BG
*[[Cotton Pygmy Goose]] (''[[Nettapus coromandelianus]]'') - VR/RB - PY
*[[Lesser Whistling Duck]] (''[[Dendrocygna javanica]]'') - C/RB - BG, KM, LH, MS, SS
*[[Wandering Whistling Duck]] (''[[Dendrocygna arcuata]]'') - U/IRB - BG, MS
*[[Gadwall]] (''[[Anas strepera]]'') - VR/V
*[[Northern Shoveler]] (''[[Anas clypeata]]'') - R/WV
*[[Eurasian Wigeon]] (''[[Anas penelope]]'') - VR/V
*[[Garganey]] (''[[Anas querquedula]]'') - R/WV
*[[Northern Pintail]] (''[[Anas acuta]]'') - VR/WV - PY
*[[Common Teal]] (''[[Anas crecca]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Tufted Duck]] (''[[Aythya fuligula]]'') - R/WV
*[[Radjah Shelduck]] (''[[Tadorna radjah]]'') - U/O - BG
*[[Mandarin Duck]] (''[[Aix galericulata]]'') - U/O - BG
 
==Marketing==
===Order [[grebe|Podicipediformes]] ([[Grebe]]s)===
[[Image:Pepsicup.jpg|thumb|right|A large advertisement made to resemble a Pepsi cup.]]
Family [[grebe|Podicepidae]]
[[Image:Pepsinewcan.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The first of many new designs of Pepsi cans were released in 2007.]]
*[[Little Grebe]] (''[[Tachybaptus ruficollis]]'') - U/RB - LH
In 1975, PepsiCo introduced the [[Pepsi Challenge]] marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival [[Coca-Cola]]. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with [[television commercial]]s reporting the test results to the public.<ref>[http://www.sodamuseum.bigstep.com/generic.jhtml?pid=3 SODAmuseum.com "The History of Pepsi-Cola"], ''sodamuseum.bigstep.com'', paragraph 31</ref> Some attribute this to the higher sugar content found in Pepsi compared to Coca-Cola, as seen in the book ''[[Big Secrets]]'' by [[William Poundstone]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
 
In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful [[Pepsi Stuff]] marketing strategy. By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing."<ref>[http://www.pepsico.com/PEP_Company/Honors/index.cfm PepsiCo - Company - Honors (2002)], ''Promo'' Magazine, 2002.</ref>
===Order [[Procellariiformes]] ([[Tubenose]]s)===
Family [[Hydrobatidae]] ([[Storm-petrel]]s)
*[[Swinhoe's Storm-petrel]] (''[[Oceanodroma monorhis]]'') - U/PM - PU
 
In 2007, PepsiCo announced that Pepsi's cans would be redesigned again.<ref>[http://www.pepsigallery.com/?or=pw.474 Pepsi Can Gallery]</ref>
===Order [[Pelecaniformes]] ([[Pelican]]s and relatives)===
Family [[Sulidae]] ([[Gannet]]s and [[Booby|boobies]])
*[[Brown Booby]] (''[[Sula leucogaster]]'') - VR/NBV
Family [[Fregatidae]] ([[Frigatebird]]s)
*[[Christmas Island Frigatebird]] (''[[Fregata andrewsi]]'') - VR/NBV - PU
*[[Lesser Frigatebird]] (''[[Fregata ariel]]'') - VR/NBV
Family [[Phalacrocoracidae]] ([[Cormorant]]s and [[shag]]s)
*[[Great Cormorant]] (''[[Phalacrocorax carbo]]'') - U/F - CR, KD, TG
 
=== Celebrity endorsers ===
===Order [[Ciconiiformes]] ([[Heron]]s and relatives)===
{{main|Pepsi spokespersons}}
Family [[Ciconiidae]] ([[Stork]]s)
Unlike Coca-Cola, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various [[celebrity]] endorsers and continue to use them. [[Joan Crawford]] married Al Steele who was director of the company, she filled Al's place on the board of directors after he died.
*[[Milky Stork]] (''[[Mycteria cinerea]]'') - U/F - SB
<!-- Please do not put specific celebrities here. Celebrities are detailed in the Pepsi spokespersons article-->
*[[Painted Stork]] (''[[Mycteria leucocephala]]'') - U/F - SB
*[[Lesser Adjutant]] (''[[Leptoptilos javanicus]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/Es+V - SB, SG, SS
Family [[Ardeidae]] ([[Heron]]s, [[egret]]s and [[bittern]]s)
*[[Grey Heron]] (''[[Ardea cinerea]]'') - C/RB - Waterbodies
*[[Purple Heron]] (''[[Ardea purpurea]]'') - C/RB - Waterbodies
*[[Great-billed Heron]] (''[[Ardea sumatrana]]'') - R/RB - JL, KR, Southern Islands, TG
*[[Great Egret]] (''[[Ardea alba]]'') - C/WV - Waterbodies
*[[Intermediate Egret]] (''[[Mesophoyx intermedia]]'') - C/WV - Waterbodies
*[[Little Egret]] (''[[Egretta garzetta]]'') - VC/RWV - Waterbodies
*[[Chinese Egret]] (''[[Egretta eulophotes]]'') - R/WV - LH, PH, PR, PU, SS
*[[Pacific Reef Egret]] (''[[Egretta sacra]]'') - U/R - PH, PU, SP, SS
*[[Cattle Egret]] (''[[Bubulcus ibis]]'') - C/F+WV - Grassfields
*[[Chinese Pond Heron]] (''[[Ardeola bacchus]]'') - C/WV - CR, MS, SS
*[[Javan Pond Heron]] (''[[Ardeola speciosa]]'') - R/WV
*[[Striated Heron]] (''[[Butorides striatus]]'') - VC/RBWV - Waterbodies
*[[Black-crowned Night Heron]] (''[[Nycticorax nycticorax]]'') - C/RB - Waterbodies
*[[Malayan Night Heron]] (''[[Gorsachius melanolophus]]'') - R/WVPM - CF
*[[Cinnamon Bittern]] (''[[Ixobrychus cinnamomeus]]'') - U/RBWV - JL, LH, NT, SB
*[[Schrenck's Bittern]] (''[[Ixobrychus eurhythmus]]'') - R/WV - LH, SB
*[[Black Bittern]] (''[[Ixobrychus flavicollis]]'') - U/WVPM - BG, JL, SB
*[[Yellow Bittern]] (''[[Ixobrychus sinensis]]'') - C/WV - Reedbeds
Family [[Threskiornithidae]] ([[Ibis]]es and [[Spoonbill]]s)
*[[Glossy Ibis]] (''[[Plegadis falcinellus]]'') - VR/V
*[[Black-headed Ibis]] (''[[Threskiornis melanocephalus]]'') - VR/F - PY, SB
 
=== Slogans ===
===Order [[Falconiformes]] ([[Birds of prey]])===
Family [[Pandionidae]] ([[Osprey]])
*1939: "Twice as Much for a Nickel"
*[[Osprey]] (''[[Pandion haliaetus]]'') - C/NBV - CR, MM, PU, SB
*1950: "More Bounce to the Ounce"
Family [[Accipitridae]] ([[Eagle]]s, [[hawk]]s and relatives)
*1958: "Be Sociable, Have a Pepsi"
*[[Black Baza]] (''[[Aviceda leuphotes]]'') - C/WVPM - Islandwide
*1961: "Now It's Pepsi for Those Who Think Young"
*[[Jerdon's Baza]] (''[[Aviceda jerdoni]]'') - VR/WV
*1963: "Come Alive, You're in the Pepsi Generation".
*[[Oriental Honey Buzzard]] (''[[Pernis ptilorhyncus]]'') - C/WVPM - Islandwide
*1967: "(Taste that beats the others cold) Pepsi Pours It On".
*[[Bat Hawk]] (''[[Macheiramphus alcinus]]'') - VR/NBV - PU
*1969: "You've Got a Lot to Live, Pepsi's Got a Lot to Give".
*[[Black-winged Kite]] (''[[Elanus caeruleus]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*1973: "Join the Pepsi people (feeling free)".
*[[Black Kite]] (''[[Milvus migrans]]'') - U/WV - BB, CR, MS, PG, SL
*1975: "Have a Pepsi day".
*[[Brahminy Kite]] (''[[Haliastur indus]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide
*1979: "Catch that Pepsi spirit". David Lucas composer
*[[Japanese Sparrowhawk]] (''[[Accipiter gularis]]'') - C/WVPM - CF, CR, JL, LH, PU, SB
*1981: "Pepsi's got your taste for life".
*[[Chinese Goshawk]] (''[[Accipiter soloensis]]'') - U/PM - CF, JL, NT, SL, WC
*1983: "Pepsi's Now!"
*[[Crested Goshawk]] (''[[Accipiter trivirgatus]]'') - VR/RB+NBV - BG, BT, CR, KD, PG, PU
*1984: "The Choice of a New Generation".
*[[Besra]] (''[[Accipiter virgatus]]'') - VR/PM
*1991: "Gotta Have It."
*[[Grey-faced Buzzard]] (''[[Butastur indicus]]'') - U/WV - BB
*1995: "Nothing Else is a Pepsi".
*[[Common Buzzard]] (''[[Buteo buteo]]'') - U/WV - CR
*1997: "GeneratioNext".
*[[Blyth's Hawk Eagle]] (''[[Spizaetus alboniger]]'') - VR/NBV
*1999: "Ask for More"/"The Joy of Pepsi-Cola".
*[[Changeable Hawk Eagle]] (''[[Spizaetus cirrhatus]]'') - U/RB - BB, BG, BT, CF, CR, LH, NT, PG, PU, PY, SR, TP
*2003: "It's the Cola"/"Dare for More".
*[[Rufous-bellied Eagle]] (''[[Hieraaetus kienerii]]'') - R/WV - BB, CF, LH
*2007: "More Happy".
*[[Booted Eagle]] (''[[Hieraaetus pennatus]]'') - R/V
*[[Greater Spotted Eagle]] (''[[Aquila clanga]]'') - VR/WV - CR, PY
*[[Imperial Eagle]] (''[[Aquila heliaca]]'') - VR/V
*[[Steppe Eagle]] (''[[Aquila nipalensis]]'') - VR/V - BG, CR
*[[White-bellied Sea Eagle]] (''[[Haliaeetus leucogaster]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide near water
*[[Grey-headed Fish Eagle]] (''[[Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus]]'') - R/RB - BB, BG, CF, JL, Little Guilin, SB, SL
*[[Himalayan Griffon Vulture]] (''[[Gyps himalayensis]]'') - VR/V - CR, Orchard Road
*[[Short-toed Eagle]] (''[[Circaetus gallicus]]'') - VR/PM
*[[Crested Serpent Eagle]] (''[[Spilornis cheela]]'') - R/R - CF, JL, SL
*[[Northern Harrier]] (''[[Circus cyaneus]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Pied Harrier]] (''[[Circus melanoleucos]]'') - R/WV - CR
*[[Eastern Marsh Harrier]] (''[[Circus spilonotus]]'') - U/WV - CR
*[[Western Marsh Harrier]] (''[[Circus aeruginosus]]'') - R/WV - CR
Family [[Falconidae]] ([[Falcon]]s and relatives)
*[[Black-thighed Falconet]] (''[[Microhierax fringillarius]]'') - R/R - BB
*[[Common Kestrel]] (''[[Falco tinnunculus]]'') - R/WV - CR
*[[Lesser Kestrel]] (''[[Falco naumanni]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Oriental Hobby]] (''[[Falco severus]]'') - VR/WV - PU
*[[Eurasian Hobby]] (''[[Falco subbuteo]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Peregrine Falcon]] (''[[Falco peregrinus]]'') - U/WV - BB, CF, CR, KB, PU, Woodlands
 
==Types of Pepsi==
===Order [[Turniciformes]] ([[Buttonquail]]s)===
Family [[Turnicidae]] ([[Buttonquail]]s)
*[[Barred Buttonquail]] (''[[Turnix suscitator]]'') - C/RB - NT, PG
 
:''See also: [[List of Pepsi types]]''
===Order [[Gruiformes]] ([[Crane (bird)|Crane]]s and relatives)===
[[Image:Crystal-pepsi.jpg|thumb|right|[[Crystal Pepsi]] was one of the unpopular Pepsi variations.]]
Family [[Heliornithidae]] ([[Finfoot]]s)
There are many types of Pepsi-Cola all differing in taste, price and appearance. Diet Pepsi is one of the most popular variations of the drink, containing no sugar and zero calories. Other popular low calorie variations of the drink include [[Pepsi Max]], [[Pepsi ONE]], [[Caffeine-Free Pepsi]] and [[Caffeine-Free Diet Pepsi]]. In Japan there is Pepsi NEX, which is believed to be the equivilent of Pepsi MAX.
*[[Masked Finfoot]] (''[[Heliopais personata]]'') - VR/RB - SB (1999)
Family [[Rallidae]] ([[Rail]]s and relatives)
*[[White-breasted Waterhen]] (''[[Amaurornis phoenicurus]]'') - VC/RBWV - Islandwide
*[[Common Coot]] (''[[Fulica atra]]'') - VR/V - PY
*[[Watercock]] (''[[Gallicrex cinerea]]'') - U/WV - LH, PY, TG
*[[Common Moorhen]] (''[[Gallinula chloropus]]'') - U/RB - LH, NT, PY
*[[Slaty-breasted Rail]] (''[[Gallirallus striatus]]'') - C/RB - Tall grass areas
*[[Purple Swamphen]] (''[[Porphyrio porphyrio]]'') - R/RB - KM, PY
*[[White-browed Crake ]] (''[[Porzana cinerea]]'') - U/RB - KM, LH, SB
*[[Ruddy-breasted Crake ]] (''[[Porzana fusca]]'') - U/RBWV - LH, PG, SL, TP
*[[Baillon's Crake]] (''[[Porzana pusilla]]'') - R/WVPM - BB, LH, TP, TG
*[[Slaty-legged Crake]] (''[[Rallina eurizonoides]]'') - VR/WVPM
*[[Red-legged Crake]] (''[[Rallina fasciata]]'') - U/RBWV - BC, BG, CF, PU
 
PepsiCo has marketed many different fruit flavors of the drink including: [[Wild Cherry Pepsi]] (1988), [[Diet Wild Cherry Pepsi]] (2005), Pepsi Lime (2005) and Diet Pepsi Lime (2005) and [[Pepsi Jazz]] diet cola with two flavors, Strawberries & Cream (2006) and Black Cherry French Vanilla (2006). PepsiCo also rivaled Coca-Cola's lemon-flavored products with [[Pepsi Twist]]. Pepsi Twist has been successfully marketed in [[Brazil]] (with lime instead of lemon), where a limited-edition version is also sold, the ''Pepsi Twistão'', with an even stronger lime flavor. Pepsi A-ha, with a lemon flavor, was launched in [[India]] in 2002 but was not successful. Another type, Pepsi Samba, was released in Australia in the 3rd Quarter of 2005; it is Pepsi with a tropical taste of [[tamarind]] and [[mango]].
===Order [[Charadriiformes]] ([[Shorebird]]s)===
Family [[Charadriidae]] ([[Plover]]s and [[lapwing]]s)
*[[Kentish Plover]] (''[[Charadrius alexandrinus]]'') - U/WVPM - CR
*[[Little Ringed Plover]] (''[[Charadrius dubius]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, mudflats
*[[Common Ringed Plover]] (''[[Charadrius hiaticula]]'') - R/PM - CR
*[[Greater Sand Plover]] (''[[Charadrius leschenaultii]]'') - U/WVPM - CR
*[[Mongolian Plover]] (''[[Charadrius mongolus]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, mudflats
*[[Malaysian Plover]] (''[[Charadrius peronii]]'') - R/RB - CR, PS
*[[Long-billed Plover]] (''[[Charadrius placidus]]'') - VR/V - CR (2005)
*[[Oriental Plover]] (''[[Charadrius veredus]]'') - VR/PM - CR (2006)
*[[Pacific Golden Plover]] (''[[Pluvialis fulva]]'') - VC/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, TG
*[[Grey Plover]] (''[[Pluvialis squatarola]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, PU
*[[Grey-headed Lapwing]] (''[[Vanellus cinereus]]'') - VR/V
*[[Red-wattled Lapwing]] (''[[Vanellus indicus]]'') - Ex/RB, R/NBV - CR, NT, PG, PU, SR, TG
Family [[Scolopacidae]] ([[Sandpiper]]s and relatives)
*[[Eurasian Woodcock]] (''[[Scolopax rusticola]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Common Snipe]] (''[[Gallinago gallinago]]'') - C/WV - CR, JL, PG, TG
*[[Swinhoe's Snipe]] (''[[Gallinago megala]]'') - R/WV - CR, PG, NT
*[[Pintail Snipe]] (''[[Gallinago stenura]]'') - C/WV - CR, LH
*[[Asian Dowitcher]] (''[[Limnodromus semipalmatus]]'') - U/WVPM - LH, PU, SB
*[[Bar-tailed Godwit]] (''[[Limosa lapponica]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, SB, PU
*[[Black-tailed Godwit]] (''[[Limosa limosa]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, SB
*[[Eurasian Curlew]] (''[[Numenius arquata]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, PU
*[[Far Eastern Curlew]] (''[[Numenius madagascariensis]]'') - R/PM - CR
*[[Little Curlew]] (''[[Numenius minutus]]'') - VR/V
*[[Whimbrel]] (''[[Numenius phaeopus]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, mudflats
*[[Great Knot]] (''[[Calidris tenuirostris]]'') - U/PM - CR
*[[Red Knot]] (''[[Calidris canutus]]'') - R/WV
*[[Sanderling]] (''[[Calidris alba]]'') - U/WV - CR
*[[Dunlin]] (''[[Calidris alpina]]'') - VR/PM
*[[Rufous-necked Stint]] (''[[Calidris ruficollis]]'') - C/WVPM - CR, PU, SB
*[[Long-toed Stint]] (''[[Calidris subminuta]]'') - U/WVPM - CR
*[[Temminck's Stint]] (''[[Calidris temminckii]]'') - VR/PM
*[[Sharp-tailed Sandpiper]] (''[[Calidris acuminata]]'') - R/V - CR
*[[Curlew Sandpiper]] (''[[Calidris ferruginea]]'') - C/WVPM - CR, SB
*[[Pectoral Sandpiper]] (''[[Calidris melanotos]]'') - R/V - CR, ''Tanah Merah marsh (1999)''
*[[Spoon-billed Sandpiper]] (''[[Eurynorhynchus pygmeus]]'') - VR/WV - CR, LH, ''Jurong, WC''
*[[Broad-billed Sandpiper]] (''[[Limicola falcinellus]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, SB
*[[Terek Sandpiper]] (''[[Tringa cinerea]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, SB
*[[Wood Sandpiper]] (''[[Tringa glareola]]'') - C/WVPM - CR, PG, TG
*[[Common Sandpiper]] (''[[Tringa hypoleucos]]'') - VC/WVPM - Waterbodies
*[[Green Sandpiper]] (''[[Tringa ochropus]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Marsh Sandpiper]] (''[[Tringa stagnatilis]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, mudflats
*[[Common Redshank]] (''[[Tringa totanus]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, mudflats
*[[Spotted Redshank]] (''[[Tringa erythropus]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Common Greenshank]] (''[[Tringa nebularia]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts, mudflats
*[[Nordmann's Greenshank]] (''[[Tringa guttifer]]'') - VR/WV - CR, LH, ''Jurong, WC''
*[[Grey-tailed Tattler]] (''[[Tringa brevipes]]'') - U/WVPM - CR
*[[Ruddy Turnstone]] (''[[Arenaria interpres]]'') - U/WV - CR, LH, SB
*[[Ruff]] (''[[Philomachus pugnax]]'') - U/WV - CR
*[[Red-necked Phalarope]] (''[[Phalaropus lobatus]]'') - R/WV
Family [[Rostratulidae]] ([[Painted snipe]]s)
*[[Greater Painted-snipe]] (''[[Rostratula benghalensis]]'') - R/RB - PG, KM
Family [[Jacanidae]] ([[Jacana]]s)
*[[Pheasant-tailed Jacana]] (''[[Hydrophasianus chirurgus]]'') - VR/WV - KM
Family [[Burhinidae]] ([[Thickknee]]s)
*[[Beach Stone-curlew]] (''[[Esacus giganteus]]'') - R/R - Southern Islands
Family [[Recurvirostridae]] ([[Stilt]]s and [[avocet]]s)
*[[Black-winged Stilt]] (''[[Himantopus himantopus]]'') - R/WVPM - CR, SB
Family [[Glareolidae]] ([[Pratincole]]s and [[Courser]]s)
*[[Small Pratincole]] (''[[Glareola lactea]]'') - R/PM
*[[Oriental Pratincole]] (''[[Glareola maldivarum]]'') - U/PM - CR, PS
Family [[Stercorariidae]] ([[Skua]]s and [[skua|jaeger]]s)
*[[Parasitic Jaeger]] (''[[Stercorarius parasiticus]]'') - VR/V
Family [[Laridae]] ([[Gull]]s and [[tern]]s)
*[[Brown-headed Gull]] (''[[Larus brunnicephalus]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Black-headed Gull]] (''[[Larus ridibundus]]'') - R/WV - MM, PU
*[[White-winged Tern]] (''[[Chlidonias hybridus]]'') - C/WVPM - Rivers, coasts
*[[Whiskered Tern]] (''[[Chlidonias leucopterus]]'') - R/WVPM
*[[Little Tern]] (''[[Sterna albifrons]]'') - C/RBWV - Rivers, coasts
*[[Aleutian Tern]] (''[[Sterna aleutica]]'') - VR/V
*[[Bridled Tern]] (''[[Sterna anaethetus]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Lesser Crested Tern]] (''[[Sterna bengalensis]]'') - C/WV - Johor Straits, MM, PU
*[[Great Crested Tern]] (''[[Sterna bergii]]'') - C/WV - PU
*[[Caspian Tern]] (''[[Sterna caspia]]'') - R/WV - MM
*[[Roseate Tern]] (''[[Sterna dougallii]]'') - VR/V
*[[Common Tern]] (''[[Sterna hirundo]]'') - U/WV - CR
*[[Gull-billed Tern]] (''[[Sterna nilotica]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, PU
*[[Black-naped Tern]] (''[[Sterna sumatrana]]'') - U/RB - Johor Straits, PU, PT
 
PepsiCo has introduced many variant versions of Pepsi over the years that differ from the original version in either flavor, appearance or both. [[Crystal Pepsi]], a clear cola free of caffeine, sodium and preservatives, was introduced in 1992 and phased out the following year. Similarly, the blue-colored berry cola [[Pepsi Blue]] was introduced in mid-2002 to a mixed response. PepsiCo withdrew it from the market in 2004. In 2006, [[Pepsi Gold]] was released.
===Order [[Columbiformes]] ([[Pigeon]]s)===
Family [[Columbidae]] ([[Pigeon]]s)
*[[Zebra Dove]] (''[[Geopelia striata]]'') - C/RB - Urban
*[[Spotted Dove]] (''[[Streptopelia chinensis]]'') - VC/RB - Urban
*[[Red Collared Dove]] (''[[Streptopelia tranquebarica]]'') - U/IRB - CR, LH, NT, PU
*[[Emerald Dove]] (''[[Chalcophaps indica]]'') - U/R - BT, CF, PU, SB
*[[Jambu Fruit Dove]] (''[[Ptilinopus jambu]]'') - U/NBV - BB, BG, CF
*[[Thick-billed Green Pigeon]] (''[[Treron curvirostra]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF
*[[Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon]] (''[[Treron fulvicollis]]'') - VR/NBV - PU
*[[Little Green Pigeon]] (''[[Treron olax]]'') - R/R - BT, CF
*[[Pink-necked Green Pigeon]] (''[[Treron vernans]]'') - C/RB - Wooded areas
*[[Rock Pigeon]] (''[[Columba livia]]'') - VC/IRB - Urban
*[[Pied Imperial Pigeon]] (''[[Ducula bicolor]]'') - R/NBV+F - BB, PY, Southern Islands
*[[Green Imperial Pigeon]] (''[[Ducula aenea]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/V - BB
 
PepsiCo has introduced [[coffee]]-flavored variations of the drink. In 2005, [[Pepsi Cappuccino]] was released in [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]] with another coffee-flavored cola called [[Pepsi Tarik]] in [[Malaysia]] and [[Pepsi Cafechino]] in India. In late 2005/early 2006 in the UK PepsiCo released Pepsi Max Cino, a [[cappuccino]] variant of its popular Pepsi Max beverage.
===Order [[Psittaciformes]] ([[Parrot]]s)===
Family [[Psittacidae]] ([[Parrot]]s)
*[[Tanimbar Cockatoo]] (''[[Cacatua goffini]]'') - C/EsRB - BG, Changi Village, ST, SL
*[[Yellow-crested Cockatoo]] (''[[Cacatua sulphurea]]'') - U/EsRB - Changi Beach, MF, TB
*[[Sulphur-crested Cockatoo]] (''[[Cacatua galerita]]'') - R/EsRB - ST
*[[Umbrella Cockatoo]] (''[[Cacatua alba]]'') - R/Es - ST
*[[African Grey Parrot]] (''[[Psittacus erithacus]]'') - R/Es - Dempsey Road
*[[Eclectus Parrot]] (''[[Eclectus roratus]]'') - R/Es
*[[Blue-rumped Parrot]] (''[[Psittinus cyanurus]]'') - R/R - CF
*[[Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot]] (''[[Loriculus galgulus]]'') - U/RB - BG
*[[Vernal Hanging Parrot]] (''[[Loriculus vernalis]]'') - R/Es - BG
*[[Red-breasted Parakeet]] (''[[Psittacula alexandri]]'') - C/EsRB - Tall tree areas
*[[Rose-ringed Parakeet]] (''[[Psittacula krameri]]'') - U/EsRB - BG, PY, SL
*[[Long-tailed Parakeet]] (''[[Psittacula longicauda]]'') - C/RB - Tall tree areas
*[[Rainbow Lorikeet]] (''[[Trichoglossus haematodus]]'') - U/EsRB - BG, JL
*[[Red Lory]] (''[[Eos bornea]]'') - R/Es - BG
*[[Dusky Lory]] (''[[Pseudeos fuscata]]'') - R/Es - BG
*[[Blue-eared Lory]] (''[[Eos semilarvata]]'') - R/Es - BG
 
Many types of the drink have only been produced or sold for a limited time, such as [[Pepsi Holiday Spice]], a spicy Christmas seasonal finish of ginger and cinnamon. [[Pepsi X]] is another variation which contains more caffeine than regular Pepsi-Cola and in addition also contains [[taurine]] and [[guaranine]]. It is similar to other energy drinks such as [[Red Bull]].
===Order [[Cuculiformes]] ([[Cuckoo]]s and relatives)===
Family [[Cuculidae]] ([[Cuckoo]]s)
*[[Plaintive Cuckoo]] (''[[Cacomantis merulinus]]'') - U/RB - NT, PY, PU, SB
*[[Rusty-breasted Cuckoo]] (''[[Cacomantis sepulcralis]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF, KB, NT, PY, PT, PU, SB, ST
*[[Banded Bay Cuckoo]] (''[[Cacomantis sonnerati]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF
*[[Horsfield's Bronze Cuckoo]] (''[[Chrysococcyx basalis]]'') - VR/WV - MS
*[[Little Bronze Cuckoo]] (''[[Chrysococcyx minutillus]]'') - C/RB - Wooded area
*[[Asian Emerald Cuckoo]] (''[[Chrysococcyx maculatus]]'') - VR/V - CF
*[[Violet Cuckoo]] (''[[Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus]]'') - U/RBWV - BT, CF, PU, SL
*[[Chestnut-winged Cuckoo]] (''[[Clamator coromandus]]'') - U/WVPM - CF, KB, SB
*[[Hodgson's Hawk Cuckoo]] (''[[Cuculus nisicolor]]'') - U/WVPM - BT, CF, JL
*[[Malaysian Hawk Cuckoo]] (''[[Cuculus fugax]]'') - R/R
*[[Indian Cuckoo]] (''[[Cuculus micropterus]]'') - C/WVPM - BG, BT, CF
*[[Oriental Cuckoo]] (''[[Cuculus saturatus]]'') - R/PM
*[[Large Hawk Cuckoo]] (''[[Cuculus sparverioides]]'') - R/WVPM - CF
*[[Asian Koel]] (''[[Eudynamys scolopacea]]'') - VC/RB - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
*[[Drongo Cuckoo]] (''[[Surniculus lugubris]]'') - U/RBWV - BB, BT, CF
*[[Chestnut-bellied Malkoha]] (''[[Phaenicophaeus sumatranus]]'') - R/RB - BT, CF
*[[Black-bellied Malkoha]] (''[[Phaenicophaeus diardi]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Raffles's Malkoha]] (''[[Phaenicophaeus chlorophaeus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Red-billed Malkoha]] (''[[Phaenicophaeus javanicus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Lesser Coucal]] (''[[Centropus bengalensis]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*[[Greater Coucal]] (''[[Centropus sinensis]]'') - U/RB - Slightly wooded areas
 
PepsiCo markets [[Pepsi ONE]] in the US in place of Pepsi X (sold only outside the US and not currently available for import), as both are sweetened with SPLENDA® No Calorie Sweetener, and Pepsi ONE contains 4.6mg of caffeine per ounce without the added taurine and guaranine (Pepsi X has 2.5mg of caffeine and regular Pepsi has 3.13mg per ounce).
===Order [[Strigiformes]] ([[Owl]]s)===
Family [[Tytonidae]] ([[Barn owl|Barn]] and [[Bay owl]]s)
*[[Barn Owl]] (''[[Tyto alba]]'') - U/RB - Under bridges
*[[Bay Owl]] (''[[Phodilus badius]]'') - Ex/RB
Family [[Strigidae]] ([[Typical owl]]s)
*[[Barred Eagle Owl]] (''[[Bubo sumatranus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Short-eared Owl]] (''[[Asio flammeus]]'') - R/WVPM - CR
*[[Buffy Fish Owl]] (''[[Ketupa ketupu]]'') - R/RB - CF, PY, PU
*[[Brown Hawk Owl]] (''[[Ninox scutulata]]'') - C/RBWV - BT, CF, PU, ST
*[[Sunda Scops Owl]] (''[[Otus lempiji]]'') - C/RB - BC, BT, CF, PU
*[[Oriental Scops Owl]] (''[[Otus sunia]]'') - VR/WVPM - BT, CF, FC, KR, MF, SB
*[[Spotted Wood Owl]] (''[[Strix seloputo]]'') - R/RB - BG, Dover Road, PY, PU, SJ, TB
 
==Criticisms==
===Order [[Caprimulgiformes]] ([[Nightjar]]s and relatives)===
:''Main article'': ''[[PepsiCo#Criticisms|PepsiCo Criticisms]]''
Family [[Podargidae]] ([[Frogmouth]]s)
*[[Gould's Frogmouth]] (''[[Batrachostomus stellatus]]'') - Ex/RB
Family [[Caprimulgidae]] ([[Nightjar]]s)
*[[Savanna Nightjar]] (''[[Caprimulgus affinis]]'') - C/RB - NT, TG
*[[Grey Nightjar]] (''[[Caprimulgus indicus]]'') - R/WVPM - CF
*[[Large-tailed Nightjar]] (''[[Caprimulgus macrurus]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide
*[[Malaysian Eared Nightjar]] (''[[Eurostopodus temminckii]]'') - R/R - CF
 
In 2003 and again in 2006,<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/money/2003/aug/05pepsicoke.htm Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE]</ref> the [[Centre for Science and Environment]] (CSE), a [[non-governmental organization]] in [[New Delhi]], found that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products.<ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/latest_full_story.php?content_id=136991 Cola sales down 10% on state bans]</ref> In the Indian state of [[Kerala]], sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, has been banned.<ref>[http://autofeed.msn.co.in/pandorav3/output/News/53a3285a-8106-4c3f-9e76-a5081c8762b8.aspx Kerala bans Coke and Pepsi]</ref> Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4776623.stm Indian state bans Pepsi and Coke]</ref>
===Order [[Apodiformes]] ([[Swift]]s)===
On Friday, September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products.<ref>Thomas, V.M. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/22/AR2006092200277.html Indian Court Overturns Coke, Pepsi Ban]</ref>
Family [[Apodidae]] ([[Swift|True swift]]s)
*[[House Swift]] (''[[Apus nipalensis]]'') - VC/RB - Islandwide including urban, forests
*[[Fork-tailed Swift]] (''[[Apus pacificus]]'') - U/WVPM - CF, PU
*[[Asian Palm Swift]] (''[[Cypsiurus balasiensis]]'') - C/RB - Palmed areas
*[[Glossy Swiftlet]] (''[[Collocalia esculenta]]'') - R/R - BB
*[[Edible-nest Swiftlet]] (''[[Collocalia fuciphaga]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide
*[[Black-nest Swiftlet]] (''[[Collocalia maxima]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide
*[[Himalayan Swiftlet]] (''[[Callocalia brevirostris]]'')
*[[Silver-backed Needletail]] (''[[Hirundapus cochinchinensis]]'') - U/WVPM
*[[Brown-backed Needletail]] (''[[Hirundapus giganteus]]'') - U/WVPM
*[[Silver-rumped Spinetail]] (''[[Rhaphidura leucopygialis]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/NBV
Family [[Hemiprocnidae]] ([[Treeswift]]s)
*[[Whiskered Treeswift]] (''[[Hemiprocne comata]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/NBV
*[[Grey-rumped Treeswift]] (''[[Hemiprocne longipennis]]'') - C/RB - BG, CF
 
Iran state television broadcast anti-Pepsi propaganda, saying that the PEPSI letters stood for Pay Each Penny Save Israel.[http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=1277] PepsiCo has a bottling plant in Iran.[http://www.metimes.com/articles/normal.php?StoryID=20060719-083019-1430r]
===Order [[Coraciiformes]] ([[Kingfisher]]s and relatives)===
Family [[Alcedinidae]] ([[Kingfisher]]s)
*[[Common Kingfisher]] (''[[Alcedo atthis]]'') - C/WV - Water edges
*[[Blue-eared Kingfisher]] (''[[Alcedo meninting]]'') - R/RB - CF, PU
*[[Black-backed Kingfisher]] (''[[Ceyx erithacus]]'') - Ex/RB, R/WV - CF
*[[Banded Kingfisher]] (''[[Lacedo pulchella]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Rufous-collared Kingfisher]] (''[[Actenoides concretus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Ruddy Kingfisher]] (''[[Halcyon coromanda]]'') - R/RB+WV - RB: PT. WV: BG, FC, JL, PU
*[[Black-capped Kingfisher]] (''[[Halcyon pileata]]'') - U/WV - Water edges
*[[White-throated Kingfisher]] (''[[Halcyon smyrnensis]]'') - VC/RB - Water edges
*[[Stork-billed Kingfisher]] (''[[Pelargopsis capensis]]'') - U/RB - Water edges
*[[Collared Kingfisher]] (''[[Todirhamphus chloris]]'') - VC/RB - Water edges
Family [[Meropidae]] ([[Bee-eater]]s)
*[[Blue-tailed Bee-eater]] (''[[Merops philippinus]]'') - C/WV - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
*[[Blue-throated Bee-eater]] (''[[Merops viridis]]'') - C/MB - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
Family [[Coraciidae]] ([[Roller]]s)
*[[Dollarbird]] (''[[Eurystomus orientalis]]'') - C/RBWV - Wooded areas
Family [[Bucerotidae]] ([[Hornbill]]s)
*[[Oriental Pied Hornbill]] (''[[Anthracoceros albirostris]]'') - R/RB - CF, Changi Beach, PU, SJ, Woodleigh
*[[Northern Pied Hornbill]] (''[[Anthracocercos malabaricus]]'') - VR/Es - SL
*[[Rhinoceros Hornbill]] (''[[Buceros bicornis]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/Es - BT
*[[Great Hornbill]] (''[[Buceros rhinoceros]]'') - VR/Es - BT
*[[Helmeted Hornbill]] (''[[Rhinoplax vigil]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[White-crowned Hornbill]] (''[[Aceros comatus]]'') - VR/Es
*[[Bushy-crested Hornbill]] (''[[Anorrhinus galeritus]]'') - VR/Es
*[[Black Hornbill]] (''[[Anthracoceros malayanus]]'') - VR/Es
*[[Southern Ground Hornbill]] (''[[Bucorvus leadbeateri]]'') - VR/Es
 
==Rivalry with Coca-Cola==
===Order [[Trogoniformes]] ([[Trogon]]s)===
According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted [[blind taste test]]s in stores, in what was called the "[[Pepsi Challenge]]". These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more [[lemon]] oil, less [[orange (fruit)|orange]] oil, and uses [[vanillin]] rather than [[vanilla]]) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation.
Family [[Trogonidae]] ([[Trogon]]s)
*[[Red-naped Trogon]] (''[[Harpactes kasumba]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Diard's Trogon]] (''[[Harpactes diardii]]'') - Ex/RB
 
In 1985, [[The Coca-Cola Company]], amid much publicity, changed its [[Coca-Cola formula|formula]]. Some authorities believe that [[New Coke]], as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly reintroducing the original formula as Coke "Classic".
===Order [[Piciformes]] ([[Woodpecker]]s and relatives)===
Family [[Picidae]] ([[Woodpecker]]s)
*[[Sunda Woodpecker]] (''[[Dendrocopus moluccensis]]'') - VC/RB - Areas with trees, including carparks
*[[Common Flameback]] (''[[Dinopium javenense]]'') - C/RB - Wooded areas
*[[Olive-backed Woodpecker]] (''[[Dinopium rafflesii]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Buff-rumped Woodpecker]] (''[[Meiglyptes tristis]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Buff-necked Woodpecker]] (''[[Meiglyptes tukki]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Grey-and-buff Woodpecker]] (''[[Hemicircus concretus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Banded Woodpecker]] (''[[Picus miniaceus]]'') - C/RB - Forests
*[[Crimson-winged Woodpecker]] (''[[Picus puniceus]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/NBV - BT
*[[Checker-throated Woodpecker]] (''[[Picus mentalis]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Laced Woodpecker]] (''[[Picus vittatus]]'') - C/RB - Forests
*[[Great Slaty Woodpecker]] (''[[Mulleripicus pulverulentus]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/NBV
*[[White-bellied Woodpecker]] (''[[Dryocopus javensis]]'') - VR/R- CF
*[[Rufous Woodpecker]] (''[[Celeus brachyurus]]'') - U/RB - Wooded areas
*[[Greater Flameback]] (''[[Chrysocolaptes lucidus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Orange-backed Flameback]] (''[[Reinwardtipicus validus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Maroon Woodpecker]] (''[[Blythipicus rubiginosus]]'') - Ex/RB
Family [[Megalainidae]] ([[Barbet]]s)
*[[Coppersmith Barbet]] (''[[Megalaima haemacephala]]'') - C/RB - Forested areas
*[[Lineated Barbet]] (''[[Megalaima lineata]]'') - U/IRB - BB, BT
*[[Red-crowned Barbet]] (''[[Megalaima rafflesii]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF
*[[Blue-eared Barbet]] (''[[Megalaima australis]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Red-throated Barbet]] (''[[Megalaima mystacophanos]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Yellow-crowned Barbet]] (''[[Megalaima henricii]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Brown Barbet]] (''[[Calorhamphus fuliginosus]]'') - Ex/RB
 
Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Pakistan]] (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the [[Pakistan cricket team]] since the [[1990s]]) and the [[Province of Canada|Canadian provinces]] of [[Quebec]] and [[Prince Edward Island]] are three exceptions.<ref>[http://www.strategymag.com/articles/magazine/20041015/vive.html?page=1 "Vive la difference
===Order [[Passeriformes]] ([[passerine|Perching bird]]s)===
'Does that mean I have to have a separate campaign?"], ''Strategy Magazine'', [[October]] [[2004]]</ref>
Family [[Pittidae]] ([[Pitta (bird)|Pitta]]s)
 
*[[Mangrove Pitta]] (''[[Pitta megarhyncha]]'') - R/RB - PU
By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In [[1988]], PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned [[Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation]] (PAIC) and [[Voltas India Limited]]. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in [[1994]]. In [[1993]], The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's [[Liberalization]] policy.<ref>[http://www.mindfully.org/Water/2005/India-Coca-Cola-Pepsi14mar05.htm "India: Soft Drinks, Hard Cases"], ''The Water Dossier'', [[14 March]] [[2005]]</ref> In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 60.8%.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1191706.cms "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India"], ''Times News Network'', [[August 5]] [[2005]]</ref>
*[[Blue-winged Pitta]] (''[[Pitta moluccenis]]'') - U/WVPM - BG, Jurong Island
 
*[[Hooded Pitta]] (''[[Pitta sordida]]'') - U/WVPM - BT, CF
Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian [[Francophone]]s and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local [[Québécois]] celebrities (especially [[Claude Meunier]], of ''[[La Petite Vie]]'' fame) to sell its product. "Pepsi" eventually became an offensive [[nickname]] for Francophones viewed as a lower class by [[Anglophone]]s in the middle of the 20th century. The term is now used as an historical reference to French-English linguistic animosity (During the partitionist debate surrounding the 1995 referendum, a pundit wrote, "''And a wall will be erected along St-Laurent street [the traditional divide between French and English in Montréal] because some people were throwing Coke bottles one way and Pepsi bottles the other way''").
*[[Garnet Pitta]] (''[[Pitta granatina]]'') - Ex/RB
 
Family [[Eurylaimidae]] ([[Broadbill]]s)
In the U.S., Pepsi's total market share was about 31.7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43.1 percent.<ref>[http://www.beverage-digest.com/pdf/top-10_2005.pdf "Beverage Digest Press Release"], ''Beverage Digest'', [[March 4]] [[2005]] (PDF)</ref>
*[[Black-and-red Broadbill]] (''[[Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos]]'') - Ex/RB, VR/NBV - PU
 
*[[Black-and-yellow Broadbill]] (''[[Eurylaimus ochromalus]]'') - Ex/RB
In [[Russia]], Pepsi once had a larger market share than Coca-Cola. However, Pepsi's dominance in Russia was undercut as the [[Cold War]] ended. PepsiCo had made a deal with the Soviet Union for scale production of Pepsi in 1972.[http://www.free-essays.us/dbase/b5/lvt48.shtml] When the [[Collapse of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union fell apart]], Pepsi, was associated with the old Soviet system, and Coca Cola, just newly introduced to the Russian market in 1992, was associated with the new system. Thus, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant [[market share]] away from Pepsi that might otherwise have needed years to build up. By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19.4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent.<ref>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2005/12/30/041.html "Coke Versus Pepsi, Santa Versus Moroz"], ''The Moscow Times'', [[December 30]] [[2005]]</ref>
*[[Banded Broadbill]] (''[[Eurylaimus javanicus]]'') - Ex/RB
 
*[[Green Broadbill]] (''[[Calyptomena viridis]]'') - Ex/RB
In the same way that Coca Cola has become a cultural icon and its global spread has spawned words like "[[coca colonization]]", Pepsi Cola and its relation to Russia has also turned it into an icon. In the early 1990s, the term, "[[Pepsi-stroika]]", began appearing as a pun on "[[perestroika]]", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under [[Mikhail Gorbachev]]. Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of the relationship and the Soviet policy.<ref>The word first appeared in an exhibit in the Harvard University Law School Library in December 1990 to February 1991, then in several articles and books by anthropologist [[David Lempert]], who coined the phrase. Most notable is the third book inside the two volume set, "Pepsi-stroika" in ''Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy,'' Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.</ref>
*[[Dusky Broadbill]] (''[[Corydon sumatranus]]'') - Ex/RB
 
Family [[Pardalotidae]] ([[Gerygone]]s and relatives)
== Ingredients ==
*[[Golden-bellied Gerygone]] (''[[Gerygone sulphurea]]'') - C/RB - Wooded areas
<!-- ingredients details correct as found at http://www.dietfacts.com/html/items/13138.htm -->
Family [[Pachycephalidae]] ([[Whistler]]s and relatives)
{| class ="wikitable" align="right" cellborder="1" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="1"
*[[Mangrove Whistler]] (''[[Pachycephala grisola]]'') - U/RB - LH, PH, PS, PU, SB
!
Family [[Dicruridae]] ([[Monarchinae|Monarchs]], [[Monarchinae|paradise flycatchers]], [[drongo]]s and relatives)
! Amount per 100mL
*[[Black-naped Monarch]] (''[[Hypothymis azurea]]'') - VR/R - PU
|-
*[[Japanese Paradise Flycatcher]] (''[[Terpsiphone atrocauda]]'') - VR/PM
|'''Energy'''
*[[Asian Paradise Flycatcher]] (''[[Terpsiphone paradisi]]'') - Ex/RB, C/WVPM - Forests
|196.5 kJ
*[[Pied Fantail]] (''[[Rhipidura javanica]]'') - C/RB - Wooded areas
|-
*[[Crow-billed Drongo]] (''[[Dicrurus annectans]]'') - U/WVPM - SB, PU
|'''Fat'''
*[[Ashy Drongo]] (''[[Dicrurus leucophaeus]]'') - R/WV - CF, PS
|0 g
*[[Black Drongo]] (''[[Dicrurus macrocercus]]'') - U/WVPM - CR, SL
|-
*[[Greater Racket-tailed Drongo]] (''[[Dicrurus paradiseus]]'') - VC/RB - Forested area
|'''Sodium'''
*[[Bronzed Drongo]] (''[[Dicrurus aeneus]]'') - Ex/RB
|0.98 mg
Family [[Prionopidae]] ([[Helmet-shrike]]s and relatives)
|-
*[[Larger Wood-shrike]] (''[[Tephrodornis virgatus]]'') - Ex/RB
|'''Carbohydrates'''
*[[Maroon-breasted Philentoma]] (''[[Philentoma velatum]]'') - Ex/RB
|11.74 g
*[[Rufous-winged Philentoma]] (''[[Philentoma pyrhopterum]]'') - Ex/RB
|-
Family [[Campephagidae]] ([[Cuckoo-shrike]]s, [[triller]]s, [[minivet]]s and relatives)
|'''Sugar'''
*[[Lesser Cuckoo-shrike]] (''[[Coracina fimbriata]]'') - VR/R - BT
|11.04 g
*[[Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike]] (''[[Coracina striata]]'') - Ex/RB
|-
*[[Pied Triller]] (''[[Lalage nigra]]'') - C/RB - Lightly wooded areas
|'''Protein'''
*[[Ashy Minivet]] (''[[Pericrocotus divaricatus]]'') - C/WVPM - JL, NT, SL
|0 g
*[[Scarlet Minivet]] (''[[Pericrocotus flammeus]]'') - VR/R
|-
*[[Fiery Minivet]] (''[[Pericrocotus cinnamomeus]]'') - Ex/RB
|'''Caffeine'''
Family [[Oriolidae]] ([[Old World oriole]]s)
|10 mg
*[[Black-naped Oriole]] (''[[Oriolus chinensis]]'') - VC/RB - Wooded areas
|}
*[[Dark-throated Oriole]] (''[[Oriolus xanthonotus]]'') - Ex/RB
The Pepsi-Cola drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, [[high fructose corn syrup]], sugar, [[coloring]]s, [[phosphoric acid]], [[caffeine]], [[citric acid]] and [[flavor|natural flavors]]. The caffeine free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine.
Family [[Corvidae]] ([[Crow]]s and relatives)
 
*[[House Crow]] (''[[Corvus splendens]]'') - VC/IRB - Urban
The original Pepsi-Cola recipe (which is pretty close to the original Coca-Cola recipe) was actually available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. Note that the original formuation contained neither cola nor caffiene.
*[[Large-billed Crow]] (''[[Corvus macrorhynchos]]'') - C/RB - Forests
 
*[[Black Magpie]] (''[[Platysmurus leucopterus]]'') - Ex/RB
The Original Pepsi-Cola Recipe[http://www.sodamuseum.bigstep.com/generic.jhtml?pid=11]
Family [[Irenidae]] ([[Fairy bluebird]]s)
 
*[[Asian Fairy Bluebird]] (''[[Irena puella]]'') - C/RB - BT, CF
Pepsi Cola Formula:
Family [[Chloropseidae]] ([[Leafbird]]s)
*Sugar- Standard Confectioners A 7500 pounds
*[[Blue-winged Leafbird]] (''[[Chloropsis cochinchinensis]]'') - C/R - BT, CF
*Water, sufficient quantity to 1200 gallons
*[[Greater Green Leafbird]] (''[[Chloropsis sonnerati]]'') - U/R - BT, CF
*Caramel - burnt sugar color 12 gallons
*[[Lesser Green Leafbird]] (''[[Chloropsis cyanopogon]]'') - U/R - BT, CF
*Lime Juice 12 gallons
Family [[Laniidae]] ([[Shrike]]s)
*Phosphoric Acid S.G. 1.750 58 pounds
*[[Brown Shrike]] (''[[Lanius cristatus]]'') - C/WVPM - Secondary growth
*Alcohol 1/2 gallon
*[[Long-tailed Shrike]] (''[[Lanius schach]]'') - C/RB - Secondary growth
*Oil Lemon 6 fluid ounces
*[[Tiger Shrike]] (''[[Lanius tigrinus]]'') - C/WVPM - Secondary forest
*Oil Orange 5 fluid ounces
Family [[Aegithinidae]] ([[Iora]]s)
*Cinnamon Oil 4 fluid ounces
*[[Common Iora]] (''[[Aegithina tiphia]]'') - C/RB - Wooded areas
*Oil Nutmeg 2 fluid ounces
*[[Green Iora]] (''[[Aegithina viridissima]]'') - Ex/RB
*Oil Coriander 2 fluid ounces
Family [[Turdidae]] ([[Thrush]]es)
*Oil Petit Grain 1 fluid ounce
*[[Eyebrowed Thrush]] (''[[Turdus obscurus]]'') - R/WVPM - BT, CF, PU
 
*[[Orange-headed Thrush]] (''[[Zoothera citrina]]'') - R/WV - BG (2006)
Mix; Stir two hours:
*[[Siberian Thrush]] (''[[Zoothera sibirica]]'') - VR/PM
 
*[[White-throated Rock Thrush]] (''[[Monticola gularis]]'') - VR/WVPM
Boil Sugar and Water
*[[Blue Rock Thrush]] (''[[Monticola solitarius]]'') - VR/PM
 
Family [[Muscicapidae]] ([[Old World flycatcher]]s)
==Competitors==
*[[Brown-chested Jungle-flycatcher]] (''[[Rhinomyias brunneata]]'') - R/WVPM - CF
*[[Coca-Cola]]
*[[Asian Brown Flycatcher]] (''[[Muscicapa dauurica]]'') - C/WVPM - Wooded areas
*[[R.C. Cola]]
*[[Dark-sided Flycatcher]] (''[[Muscicapa sibirica]]'') - U/WVPM
 
*[[Ferruginous Flycatcher]] (''[[Muscicapa ferruginea]]'') - VR/WVPM
==See also==
*[[Grey-streaked Flycatcher]] (''[[Muscicapa griseisticta]]'') - R/PM
*[[Pepsico]]
*[[Brown-streaked Flycatcher]] (''[[Muscicapa williamsoni]]'') - R/WVPM
*[[Pepsi Stuff]]
*[[Mugimaki Flycatcher]] (''[[Ficedula mugimaki]]'') - U/PM - BB, BT, MF
*[[Soft drink]]
*[[Green-backed Flycatcher]] (''[[Ficedula elisae]]'') - R/WVPM - CF
*[[Cola wars]]
*[[Yellow-rumped Flycatcher]] (''[[Ficedula zanthopygia]]'') - C/PM - Wooded areas
*[[Coca-Cola]] (drink)
*[[Blue-and-white Flycatcher]] (''[[Cyanoptila cyanomelana]]'') - R/PM - CF
*[[The Coca-Cola Company]] (Competitor)
*[[Blue-throated Flycatcher]] (''[[Cyornis rubeculoides]]'') - VR/PM
*[[Pepsiman]] (Mascot for the [[Japan]]ese division of Pepsi)
*[[Mangrove Blue-flycatcher]] (''[[Cyornis rufigastra]]'') - VR/RB
*[[List of Pepsi types]]
*[[Siberian Blue Robin]] (''[[Luscinia cyane]]'') - U/WVPM - BT, CF, PU
 
*[[Oriental Magpie Robin]] (''[[Copsychus saularis]]'') - U/RB - Secondary growth
== Listen ==
*[[White-rumped Shama]] (''[[Copsychus malabaricus]]'') - R/RB - BT, CF, PU
* [http://www.OldRadioFun.com/downloads/Commercials.19xx.xx.xx_Pepsi_Cola.mp3 1939 Radio Commercial] (Twice as Much for a Nickel)
*[[Siberian Stonechat]] (''[[Saxicola maura]]'') - R/WVPM - PG, CR
 
Family [[Sturnidae]] ([[Starling]]s, [[myna]]s, [[oxpecker]]s)
== Notes ==
*[[Asian Glossy Starling]] (''[[Aplonis panayensis]]'') - VC/RB - Islandwide
<div class="references-small">
*[[Purple-backed Starling]] (''[[Sturnus sturninus]]'') - VC/WVPM - Wooded areas
<references/>
*[[Chestnut-cheeked Starling]] (''[[Sturnus philippensis]]'') - R/PM
</div>
*[[White-shouldered Starling]] (''[[Sturnus sinensis]]'') - U/WVPM
 
*[[Black-winged Starling]] (''[[Sturnus melanopterus]]'') - R/FRB
==References==
*[[Rosy Starling]] (''[[Sturnus roseus]]'') - VR/WV - CR (2006), TG (1990s)
* ''Beverage World Magazine'', January 1998, "Celebrating a Century of Refreshment: Pepsi - The First 100 Years"
*[[Crested Myna]] (''[[Acridotheres cristatellus]]'') - VR/IRB
* Stoddard, Bob. ''Pepsi Cola - 100 Years'' (1997), General Publishing Group, Los Angeles, CA, USA
*[[Javan Myna]] (''[[Acridotheres javanicus]]'') - VC/IRB - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
* "''History & Milestones''" (1996), Pepsi packet
*[[Common Myna]] (''[[Acridotheres tristis]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
* Louis, J.C. & Yazijian, Harvey Z. "The Cola Wars" (1980), Everest House, Publishers, New York, NY, USA
*[[Hill Myna]] (''[[Gracula religiosa]]'') - C/RB - BT, CF
Family [[Hirundinidae]] ([[Swallow]]s)
*[[Red-rumped Swallow]] (''[[Hirundo daurica]]'') - U/WVPM - CF, CR, PG
*[[Barn Swallow]] (''[[Hirundo rustica]]'') - VC/WVPM - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
*[[Pacific Swallow]] (''[[Hirundo tahitica]]'') - C/RB - Islandwide (including offshore islands)
*[[Sand Martin]] (''[[Riparia riparia]]'') - U/WVPM - CF, CR
*[[Asian House Martin]] (''[[Delichon dasypus]]'') - U/PM - BT
Family [[Pycnonotidae]] ([[Bulbul]]s)
*[[Black-headed Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus atriceps]]'') - R/RB - CF
*[[Sooty-headed Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus aurigaster]]'') - U/R - Secondary growths
*[[Red-eyed Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus brunneus]]'') - R/RB - BT, CF
*[[Yellow-vented Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus goiavier]]'') - VC/RB - Parks
*[[Red-whiskered Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus jocosus]]'') - U/IRB - Secondary growths
*[[Black-crested Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus melanicterus]]'') - U/IR - BT
*[[Olive-winged Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus plumosus]]'') - C/RB - BT, CF
*[[Cream-vented Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus simplex]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF
*[[Straw-headed Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus zeylanicus]]'') - U/RB - Secondary forests
*[[Orange-spotted Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus bimaculatus]]'') - VR/Es - BG
*[[Spectacled Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus erythropthalmos]]'') - VR/R - BT (2006)
*[[Grey-bellied Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus cyaniventris]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Puff-backed Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus eutilotus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Black-and-white Bulbul]] (''[[Pycnonotus melanoleucus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Yellow-bellied Bulbul]] (''[[Alophoixus phaeocephalus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Ashy Bulbul]] (''[[Hemixos flavala]]'') - U/NBV - MS, SB, BT
*[[Buff-vented Bulbul]] (''[[Iole olivacea]]'') - VR/RB - BT
*[[Streaked Bulbul]] (''[[Ixos malaccensis]]'') - R/NBV - BT
Family [[Sylviidae]] ([[Old World warbler]]s)
*[[Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler]] (''[[Locustella certhiola]]'') - U/WVPM - Grasslands
*[[Lanceolated Warbler]] (''[[Locustella lanceolata]]'') - R/WVPM - PG
*[[Black-browed Reed-warbler]] (''[[Acrocephalus bistrigiceps]]'') - U/WV - MS
*[[Oriental Reed-warbler]] (''[[Acrocephalus orientalis]]'') - C/WV - Marshes
*[[Arctic Warbler]] (''[[Phylloscopus borealis]]'') - C/WVPM - Wooded areas
*[[Eastern Crowned Warbler]] (''[[Phylloscopus coronatus]]'') - U/WV - BT
*[[Dusky Warbler]] (''[[Phylloscopus fuscatus]]'') - VR/PM
*[[Yellow-browed Warbler|Inornate Warbler]] (''[[Phylloscopus inornatus]]'') - R/WVPM - BT, CF
*[[Dark-necked Tailorbird]] (''[[Orthotomus atrogularis]]'') - C/RB - BT, CF
*[[Rufous-tailed Tailorbird]] (''[[Orthotomus sericeus]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF
*[[Common Tailorbird]] (''[[Orthotomus sutorius]]'') - C/RB - Scrubby areas
*[[Ashy Tailorbird]] (''[[Orthtomus ruficeps]]'') - C/RB - Mangroves
*[[Zitting Cisticola]] (''[[Cisticola juncidis]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*[[Yellow-bellied Prinia]] (''[[Prinia flaviventris]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
Family [[Timaliidae]] ([[Old World babbler]]s)
*[[White-crested Laughingthrush]] (''[[Garrulax leucolophus]]'') - Wooded areas
*[[Hwamei]] (''[[Garrulax canorus]]'') - U/IRB - Sentosa
*[[Grey-capped Babbler]] (''[[Pellorneum capistratum]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[White-chested Babbler]] (''[[Trichastoma rostratum]]'') - R/RB - CF
*[[Abbott's Babbler]] (''[[Malacocincla abbotti]]'') - C/RB - CF, PU
*[[Short-tailed Babbler]] (''[[Malacocincla malaccensis]]'') - C/RB - CF
*[[Moustached Babbler]] (''[[Malacopteron magnirostre]]'') - VR/RB - CF
*[[Grey-breasted Babbler]] (''[[Malacopteron albogulare]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Chestnut-winged Babbler]] (''[[Stachyris erythroptera]]'') - U/RB - CF
*[[Chestnut-rumped Babbler]] (''[[Stachyris maculata]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Black-throated Babbler]] (''[[Stachyris nigricollis]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Striped Tit-babbler]] (''[[Macronous gularis]]'') - C/RB - Forests
*[[Fluffy-backed Tit-babbler]] (''[[Macronous ptilosus]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Large Wren-babbler]] (''[[Napothera macrodactyla]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Striped Wren-babbler]] (''[[Kenopia striata]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Red-billed Leiothrix]] (''[[Leiothrix lutea]]'') - VR/Es - Hougang (2004)
Family [[Zosteropidae]] ([[White-eye]]s)
*[[Oriental White-eye]] (''[[Zosterops palpebrosus]]'') - U/rIRB - Wooded areas
*[[Japanese White-eye]] (''[[Zosterops japonicus]]'') - R/I
*[[Chestnut-flanked White-eye]] (''[[Zosterops erythropleurus]]'') - R/I
*[[Mountain White-eye]] (''[[Zosterops montanus]]'') - R/I
*[[Everett's White-eye]] (''[[Zosterops everetti]]'') - R/I
*[[Mangrove White-eye]] (''[[Zosterops chloris]]'') - R/I
Family [[Dicaeidae]] ([[Flowerpecker]]s)
*[[Thick-billed Flowerpecker]] (''[[Dicaeum agile]]'') - VR/NBV - BT, CF
*[[Yellow-vented Flowerpecker]] (''[[Dicaeum chrysorrheum]]'') - VR/R - BT, CF
*[[Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker]] (''[[Dicaeum cruentatum]]'') - C/RB - Parks
*[[Orange-bellied Flowerpecker]] (''[[Dicaeum trigonostigma]]'') - C/RB - Forests
*[[Plain Flowerpecker]] (''[[Dicaeum concolor]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Yellow-breasted Flowerpecker]] (''[[Prionochilus maculatus]]'') - Ex/RB
Family [[Nectariniidae]] ([[Sunbird]]s and [[spiderhunter]]s)
*[[Plain-throated Sunbird]] (''[[Anthreptes malacensis]]'') - C/RB - Parks
*[[Plain Sunbird]] (''[[Anthreptes simplex]]'') - R/R - CF
*[[Copper-throated Sunbird]] (''[[Nectarinia calcostetha]]'') - U/RB - SB, PU
*[[Olive-backed Sunbird]] (''[[Nectarinia jugularis]]'') - C/RB - Parks
*[[Purple-throated Sunbird]] (''[[Nectarinia sperata]]'') - C/RB - BT, CF, PU
*[[Crimson Sunbird]] (''[[Aethopyga siparaja]]'') - C/RB - Parks, Forests
*[[Purple-naped Sunbird]] (''[[Hypogramma hypogrammicum]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Yellow-eared Spiderhunter]] (''[[Arachnothera chrysogenys]]'') - R/RB - BT, CF
*[[Thick-billed Spiderhunter]] (''[[Arachnothera crassirostris]]'') - R/R - BT, CF
*[[Little Spiderhunter]] (''[[Arachnothera longirostris]]'') - U/RB - BT, CF
*[[Grey-breasted Spiderhunter]] (''[[Arachnothera affinis]]'') - Ex/RB
*[[Spectacled Spiderhunter]] (''[[Arachnothera chrysogenys]]'') - Ex/RB
Family [[Motacillidae]] ([[Wagtail]]s, [[pipit]]s and relatives)
*[[Forest Wagtail]] (''[[Dendronanthus indicus]]'') - U/WVPM - Forest edges
*[[White Wagtail]] (''[[Motacilla alba]]'') - R/WV - BG, CR, PG
*[[Grey Wagtail]] (''[[Motacilla cinerea]]'') - U/WVPM - BB, BT, CF, PG, PU
*[[Citrine Wagtail|Yellow-hooded wagtail]] (''[[Motacilla citreola]]'') - VR/WV
*[[Yellow Wagtail]] (''[[Motacilla flava]]'') - C/WV - CR, PG
*[[Red-throated Pipit]] (''[[Anthus cervinus]]'') - U/WV - CR
*[[Paddyfield Pipit]] (''[[Anthus rufulus]]'') - C/RB - Urban
Family [[Ploceidae]] ([[Weaver]]s and relatives)
*[[Streaked Weaver]] (''[[Ploceus manyar]]'') - VR/RB - LH
*[[Baya Weaver]] (''[[Ploceus philippinus]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
Family [[Estrildidae]] ([[Estrildid finch]]es)
*[[Javan Munia]] (''[[Lonchura leucogastroides]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*[[White-headed Munia]] (''[[Lonchura maja]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*[[Black-headed Munia]] (''[[Lonchura malacca]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*[[Scaly-breasted Munia]] (''[[Lonchura punctulata]]'') - C/RB - Grasslands
*[[White-rumped Munia]] (''[[Lonchura striata]]'') - R/RB - CF, PU, PT, ST, T
*[[Red Avadavat]] (''[[Estrilda amandava]]'') - R/I - PG
*[[Indian Silverbill]] (''[[Lonchura malabarica]]'') - VR/Es - CR (2005-6)
*[[Java Sparrow]] (''[[Padda oryzivora]]'') - VR/Es - PU
Family [[Emberizidae]] ([[Bunting]]s and relatives)
*[[Yellow-breasted Bunting]] (''[[Emberiza aureola]]'') - VR/WV
Family [[Passeridae]] ([[Old World sparrow]]s)
*[[House Sparrow]] (''[[Passer domesticus]]'') - R/IRB - Pasir Panjang, Jurong Island
*[[Eurasian Tree Sparrow]] (''[[Passer montanus]]'') - VC/RB - Urban
 
==External links==
* [http://www.rdbtheoriginof.or.idcom/countrypepsi.php?op=find&id=14html The origin Redof DataCompany BookPepsi]
* [http://www.pepsiusa.com/ Pepsi FAQ]
*[http://bcs.defined.net/cgi-bin/bisssgp.exe/ldnew?&ld=sp_search.htm Species search for Singapore national parks]
* [http://www.iucnredlistpepsiworld.orgcom/ IUCN redPepsi listWorld]
* [http://www.pepsigallery.com/ Pepsi Gallery - Pepsi Promotional site]
*[http://arcbc.org/cgi-bin/abiss.exe/ldnew?ld=sp_search.htm Species search for ARCBC ASEAN database]
* [http://www.pepsiamericas.com/ Pepsi Americas]
* [http://money.cnn.com/2005/03/07/news/fortune400/cokepepsi_sales/ 'Coke, Pepsi losing the fizz']
* [http://wiredforbooks.org/johnsculley/ 1987 Audio Interview with John Sculley by Don Swaim of CBS Radio - RealAudio]
* [http://www.pepsifireworks.com The Annual Pepsi Independence Day Celebration (Tri-Cities, TN.)]
* [http://www.freewebs.com/pepsicappuccino/ The Pepsi Max Cappuccino Wire], a fan site to Pepsi Max Cappuccino.
* [http://www.foodsdatabase.com/LinkedLabel.aspx?FoodId=7356 Nutrition facts]
* http://www.springbokradio.com/ADSPEPSI.html (South African 1977 Radio Commercial)
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[[Category:PepsiCo brands]]
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Singapore"