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A '''fidayeen attack''' is a suicide tactic used by terrorists. Such attacks are especially common in the [[India|Indian]] state of [[Jammu and Kashmir]]. In a ''fidayeen'', an extremist equips himself (most ''fidayeens'' are men) with weapons and a sizeable amount of ammunition. He then proceeds to gain entrance into a public gathering or other crowded area and proceeds to open fire on law-enforcement personnel and the general public. He continues his attack till he runs out of ammunition, at which point he is either gunned down by security forces or committs suicide. ''Fidayeen'' militants sometimes do attempt to escape but are almost always shot by anti-terrorist squads shortly afterward due to the fact that the terrorists rarely have a "getaway" plan chalked out. These terrorists, like [[suicide bombers]] plan on being killed during the execution of the attack.
[[Image:Shaddamiv.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Emperor Shaddam Corrino IV, portrayed by [[Giancarlo Giannini]] in the [[Dune (TV miniseries)|''Dune'' miniseries]]]]
<!-- Supress this Jose Ferrer image to differentiate article visually from Shaddam Corrino IV article
[[image:shaddam_corrino_iv.jpg|thumb|right|Padishah Emperor [[Shaddam Corrino IV]], portrayed by [[José Ferrer]] in [[Dune (film)|''Dune'' (1984)]]]] -->
A Fidayeen attack is not a suicide attack. It is a different kind of [[Jihadi]] attack usually carried out by [[Lashkar-e-Toiba]] in Jammu and Kashmir. In this attack a Fidayee or [[Mujahid]] heavily armed enters into a military camp or convoy and start firing bullets and throwing grenades and fights till death. A fidayee does not blow himself up with explosives and if he gets a chance after fulfilling the mission he may try to escape. The record of the organization which introduced Fidayeen attack in Kashmir shows that more than 70 percent of the Fidayeen came back alive after conducting the operation. It was never reported that a Fidayeen opened fire on a public place. A recent Fidayee attack was carried out by Lashkar-e-Toiba in [[Srinagar]] shows that the Fidayee was firing gun shots on security personals while civilians were lying under his legs but he killed none and was himself killed after one hour. (See Aaj Tak TV and Zee TV videos of attack on Congress public meeting)
The '''Padishah Emperor''' was the title of the hereditary rulers of the Padishah Empire in [[Frank Herbert]]'s fictional [[Dune universe|''Dune'' universe]].
==External links==
Padishah (پادشاه) is a [[Persian language|Persian]] word meaning "great king".
*[http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-16/0511239369185334.htm Example of such an attack in Kashmir]
[[Category:Terrorism in India]]
The fictional Padishah Empire encompassed the entire universe known to mankind. It is also commonly referred to as the "Imperium" or "The Known Universe". While the Emperor was supreme ruler of the universe, power was shared, in a quasi-[[feudalism|feudal arrangement]], with the noble houses of the [[Landsraad]] and with the [[Spacing Guild]], which possessed a monopoly over [[interstellar travel]]. During most of the ''Dune'' timeline, the throne was occupied by members of [[House Corrino]]. The Corrinos used the [[Sardaukar]] soldier-fanatics to enforce their power throughout the universe.
[[Category:Islamist terrorism]]
[[Category:Terrorism]]
{{spoiler}}
Power shifted to [[House Atreides]] when [[Paul Atreides|Paul "Muad'Dib" Atreides]] threatened to cut off production of the [[melange|spice melange]] on [[Arrakis]] (the only known source), forcing [[Shaddam Corrino IV|Shaddam IV]] to abdicate. With Paul's ascension to the throne, the title of Emperor became synonymous with that of a deity (and the term "Padishah" ceased to exist). In 10,209 AG (After [[Spacing Guild|Guild]]), a failed assassination attempt left Paul blind. Following the birth of his children, [[Leto Atreides II|Leto II]] and [[Ghanima Atreides|Ghanima]], he walked off into the desert, in accordance with [[Fremen]] custom for the blind, leaving his sister [[Alia Atreides|Alia]] as Imperial Regent until the children came of age. Ten years later, Leto realized his father's vision of the [[Golden Path]] and claimed the throne for himself. In 13,728 AG (after 3509 years of rule), The God Emperor Leto, now a [[sandworm (Dune)|sandworm]], died, effectively abolishing the Imperial throne.
==The Padishah Emperors==
{| class="infobox" border="1" align="right" style="border-collapse:collapse;"
|-
!'''Name'''
!'''Reign'''
!'''Ordinal'''
|-
!colspan="3"|House Corrino
|-
|[[#Faykan I|Faykan I]] (Faykan Butler)
|88 BG - ? BG or AG
|align="center" | 1
|-
|Negara III
|123 - 184 AG
|align="center" |
|-
|Elrood II
|Unknown (present in 207)
|align="center" |
|-
|Saudir III
|Unknown (present in 388)
|align="center" |
|-
|Wallach I
|Unknown (present in 390)
|align="center" |
|-
|[[#Hassik III|Hassik III]]
|Unknown (present in 1,487)
|align="center" |
|-
|Elrood V
|Unknown (present in 2,800)
|align="center" |
|-
|Corrin XIV
|Unknown (present in 5,122)
|align="center" |
|-
|Ezhar VII
|Unknown (present in 5,295)
|align="center" |
|-
|Ishaq XV
|Unknown
|-
|[[#Idriss I|Idriss I]]
|Unknown
|align="center" |
|-
|Crown Prince [[#Raphael|Raphael]]
|Unknown
|align="center" |
|-
|Shaddam I
|Unknown
|align="center" | 77
|-
|[[#Vutier II|Vutier II]]
|Unknown
|align="center" | 78
|-
|[[#Fondil III|Fondil III]]
|? - 10,018
|align="center" | 79
|-
|[[#Elrood IX|Elrood IX]]
|10,018 - 10,156
|align="center" | 80
|-
|[[Shaddam Corrino IV|Shaddam IV]]
|10,156 - 10,196
|align="center" | 81
|-
!colspan="3"|House Atreides
|-
|[[Paul Atreides|Paul "Muad'Dib"]]
|10,196 - 10,209
|align="center" |
|-
|Imperial Regent [[Alia Atreides]]
|10,209 - 10,219
|align="center" |
|-
|[[Leto Atreides II|Leto II]], "The God Emperor"
|10,219 - 13,728
|align="center" |
|-
!colspan="3"|Note: ''Dune'''s Imperial dating system is based upon <br> the formation of the Spacing Guild, measured as <br> "Before Guild" and "After Guild" (B.G. and A.G.)
|}
===Faykan I===
The first Padishah Emperor of the Known Universe was '''Faykan Corrino I'''. In the events of ''[[Dune: The Battle of Corrin]]'', he was born in 145 B.G. as Faykan Butler, the son of [[Quentin Butler]] and grandson of [[Xavier Harkonnen]]. A primero (general) in the [[Army of the Jihad]], Faykan later became Viceroy of the [[League of Nobles]], using the political atmosphere and the religious fervor of the [[Serena Butler#Legacy of the Butlers|Cult of Serena]] to gain popularity and respect among the League. In 100 B.G. he married [[Jessica Boro-Ginjo]], great-granddaughter of former Grand Patriarch [[Iblis Ginjo]] and descendant of [[House Boro]], the Imperial House in the time before the [[Titan (Dune)|Titan]]s took control of the [[Old Empire (Dune)|Old Empire]].
In 88 B.G., after the [[Battle of Corrin]] ended the [[Butlerian Jihad]], Faykan merged the position of Viceroy with the vacant position of Grand Patriarch as the first step to consolidate his power. Faykan changed his family name to [[House Corrino|Corrino]] in tribute to the Battle of Corrin and declared himself Emperor, thereby establishing the Corrino Empire. Later, he asserted his power through military might over the factions of the former League through the formation of the army that became known as the Sardaukar. The Landsraad was formed by the League in order to keep the power of the Corrinos in check.
It can be argued that the Faykan may not have been considered an actual Padishah Emperor, as the Golden Lion Throne, [[CHOAM]], the Guild, and the Landsraad were founded circa 1 A.G. The first Emperor to bear that title was most likely Faykan's son or grandson.
===Hassik III===
'''Hassik Corrino III''' was the Padishah Emperor in 1487 A.G. when the Corrino homeworld of [[Salusa Secundus]] was laid to waste by an [[nuclear weapon|atomic]] catastrophe. Hassik relocated the Imperial throne to [[Kaitain (Dune)|Kaitain]] and turned Salusa Secundus into a prison planet.
Hassik III was the first to be entombed in the [[Kaitain (Dune)# Imperial Necropolis |Imperial Necropolis]], the large catacombs beneath the Imperial Palace in [[Kaitain (Dune)#Corrinth|Corrinth]], the capital city of Kaitain.
In ''[[Dune: House Corrino]]'', [[Jessica Atreides]] went to the Hassik III Center for the Performing Arts (with Emperor Shaddam IV and the [[Anirul Corrino|Lady Anirul]]) to see the play ''My Father's Shadow'' while she was on Kaitain serving as a personal lady-in-waiting for the Corrino family.
The following excerpts of Hassik III's writings are referenced via [[epigraph (literature)|epigraphs]] in the ''[[Prelude to Dune]]'' novels:
:*How easily grief becomes anger, and revenge gains arguments. — ''Lament for Salusa Secundus'' (''[[Dune: House Harkonnen]]'')
:*It is difficult to make power lovable — this is the dilemma of all governments. — private Kaitain journals (''Dune: House Corrino'')
===Idriss I===
'''Idriss Corrino I''' was the father of Imperial Crown Prince [[#Raphael|Raphael Corrino]], and was assassinated by his political enemies. Later, Idriss was featured in 'My Father's Shadow'', a play based upon Raphael's life.
The following excerpts of Idriss I's writings are referenced via epigraphs in ''Dune: House Corrino'':
:*Man participates in all cosmic events. — ''Legacies of Kaitain''
:*The natural destiny of power is fragmentation. — ''Landsraad Archives''
===Raphael===
According to most historians, '''Crown Prince Raphael Corrino''' was one of the most brilliant politicians and scholars of House Corrino, and to quote [[Earl Dominic Vernius]], "the only good Corrino of them all!" Raphael was also the originator of the term "Law is the ultimate science", which is the motto of House Corrino.
Raphael was born as the eldest son of the Padishah Emperor Idriss I, and thereby the Imperial Crown Prince of the Padishah Empire. When Idriss was assassinated, Raphael refused to be crowned Emperor, claiming he was not worthy of the throne. Instead, he seated himself upon a smaller throne beside the Imperial Golden Lion Throne. Even as the defacto ruler, Raphael always referred to himself as "Crown Prince". His wife Herade, however, used the title Empress. Much later, a play based upon Raphael's life was written, named ''My Father's Shadow''.
The following quotes and excerpts of Raphael's writings are referenced via epigraphs in the ''Prelude to Dune'' novels:
:*History allows us to see the obvious — but unfortunately, not until it is too late. (''[[Dune: House Atreides]]'')
:*Among the responsibilities of command is the necessity to punish ... but only when the victim demands it. — ''Discourses on Leadership in a Galactic Imperium, 12th Edition'' (''Dune: House Atreides'')
:*We all live in the shadows of our predecessors for a time. But we who determine the fate of planets eventually reach the point at which we become not the shadows, but the light itself. — ''Discourses on Leadership'' (''Dune: House Atreides'')
:*The worst sort of alliances are those which weaken us. Worse still is when an Emperor fails to recognize such an alliance for what it is. — ''Discourses on Leadership'' (''Dune: House Atreides'')
:*A world is supported by four things: the learning of the wise, the justice of the great, the prayers of the righteous, and the valor of the brave. But all of these are as nothing without a ruler who knows the art of ruling. — ''Discourses on Galactic Leadership'' (''Dune: House Atreides'')
:*Secrets are an important aspect of power. The effective leader spreads them in order to keep men in line. — ''Discourses on Leadership in a Galactic Imperium, Twelfth Edition'' (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*Too much knowledge never makes for simple decisions. — ''Discourses on Leadership'' (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*An empire built on power cannot attract the affections and loyalty that men bestow willingly on a regime of ideas and beauty. Adorn your Grand Empire with beauty, with culture. — From a speech, L'Institut de Kaitain Archives (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*Facts mean nothing when they are preempted by appearances. Do not underestimate the power of impression over reality. — ''The Rudiments of Power'' (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*Political leaders often don't recognize the practical uses of imagination and innovative new ideas until such forms are thrust under their noses by bloody hands. — ''Discourses on Galactic Leadership'' (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*It requires a desperate and lonely sort of courage to challenge the accepted wisdom upon which social peace of mind rests. — ''In Defense of Change in the Face of Tradition'' (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*There are tides of leadership, rising and falling. Into each Emperor's reign flow the tides, ebbing and surging. — ''Discourses on Leadership in a Galactic Imperium, Twelfth Edition'' (''Dune: House Corrino'')
:*Law always moves in the direction of protecting the strong and oppressing the weak. Dependence upon force corrodes justice. — ''Precepts of Civilization'' (''Dune: House Corrino'')
:*Greatness must always be combined with vulnerability. (''Dune: House Corrino'')
:*Inevitably, the aristocrat resists his final duty — which is to step aside and vanish into history. (''Dune: House Corrino'')
In ''Dune: House Corrino'', the following quotes are attributed to Raphael in the play about his life, ''My Father's Shadow'' (though Jessica Atreides notes that the lines have been slightly altered in some way from the original text):
:*''To be born a Corrino is more blessing than any man deserves.''
:*''I shall not usurp my father's throne, and woe to any parasite who considers it.''
Raphael's consort is also quoted via epigraph in ''Dune: House Corrino'':
:*In a society where hard data is uncertain at best, one must be careful to manipulate the truth. Appearance becomes reality. Perception becomes fact. Use this to your advantage. — Empress Herade, ''A Primer on the Finer Points of Culture in the Imperium''
:*Any road followed precisely to its end leads precisely nowhere. You must climb the mountain just a little ... enough to test that it's a mountain, enough to see where the other mountains are. From the top of any mountain, you cannot see that mountain. — Empress Herade, consort to Crown Prince Raphael Corrino
===Vutier II===
'''Vutier Corrino II''' was the 78th Emperor of the Known Universe, and father to the 79th Emperor [[#Fondil III|Fondil III]]. Little is known about Vutier II, though in ''Dune: House Atreides'' Shaddam IV remarks that Vutier was a great patron of the arts.
===Fondil III===
'''Fondil Corrino III''' (9843 - 10,018 A.G.) was the 79th Emperor of the Known Universe, son of Vutier II and father to [[#Elrood IX|Elrood IX]]. After striking down many revolts, he became known as "the Hunter".
Fondil was laid to rest in a walled-up vault in the Imperial Necropolis:
<blockquote>The pitted iron door was flanked by the stuffed carcasses of two ferocious predators the man had killed: a spiny ecadroghe from the high plateaus of [[List of Dune planets#Ecaz|Ecaz]] and a tufted saber-bear from [[List of Dune planets#III Delta Kaising|III Delta Kaising]]. Fondil, however, had taken his epithet from hunting men, ferreting out enemies and destroying them. His big-game adventures had been a mere diversion.</blockquote>
The following quotes are attributed to Fondil III via epigraphs in ''Dune: House Corrino'':
:*The fact that any family in the Imperium could deploy its [[nuclear weapon|atomics]] to destroy the planetary bases of fifty or more Great Houses need not concern us overmuch. It is a situation we can hold in check. If we remain strong enough.
:*Pay your spies well. One good infiltrator is more valuable than legions of Sardaukar.
:*The conquerors despise the conquered for allowing themselves to be beaten.
===Elrood IX===
'''Elrood Corrino IX''' (born 9,999 A.G.) was the 80th Emperor of the Known Universe, son of Fondil III "The Hunter" and father to [[Shaddam Corrino IV|Shaddam IV]]. Elrood was the penultimate emperor in the Corrino Dynasty and ascended to the throne at the age of 19. During his reign of 138 years, Elrood married into many royal houses of the Imperium, among them [[House Mutelli]], [[House Hagal]] and [[House Ecaz]].
According to the back matter of ''Dune: House Atreides'', Elrood married Barbara Mutelli in 10,1019 A.G.; they had a daughter, Wensicia (not to be confused with Elrood's granddaughter [[Wensicia Corrino]]), and a son, Elliott. Elrood murdered one-year-old Elliott himself, after which "Barbara went insane; Elrood kept her, though, and impregnated her repeatedly ... the fertilized embryos were placed in storage for later dynastic emergencies." Barbara died in 10,026, and Elrood's subsequent marriage to Yvette Hagal in 10,036 produced three daughters: Crystane, Tara and [[Edwina Richese|Edwina]]. Edwina would later marry [[Ilban Richese|Count Ilban Richese]], and become the great-grandmother of Paul Atreides.
Yvette died in 10,075 A.G., and Elrood next married Alexandra Ecaz in 10,079. She gave birth to the [[Fafnir Corrino|Crown Prince Fafnir]], but later disappeared in 10,098. Elrood's "impulsive marriage" to Habla of Hassika V in 10,100 was childless for 19 years. Using one of the frozen embryos from his first wife, Barbara Mutelli, Elrood made it possible for Habla to produce a son — Shaddam. Shaddam himself never knew that his genetic mother was Barbara.
Elrood's eldest son and heir Fafnir was murdered by [[Hasimir Fenring|Count Hasimir Fenring]] in 10,138 A.G. at the urging of Shaddam, who himself desired to inherit the throne. According to Shaddam, Elrood suspected Fenring's role in Fafnir's death (and later discovered Shaddam's complicity), but accepted it as part of Imperial politics. Though they never confessed, in ''Dune: House Corrino'', Shaddam recalled that Elrood had "cackled knowingly: and said:
<blockquote>It shows initiative that you are able to make difficult decisions. But do not be so eager to take the responsibility of an Emperor. I still have many years left in my reign, and you must observe my example. Watch, and learn.</blockquote>
In ''Dune: House Atreides'', Shaddam remembered how Elrood had been amused when he learned that Shaddam "had been slipping contraceptives into the food of his own mother, Habla, so she couldn't conceive another son and rival to him." Elrood, however, had also fathered an illegitimate son named [[Tyros Reffa]] with his [[concubinage|concubine]] [[Shando Vernius|Shando Balut]], the future wife of [[Earl Dominic Vernius]].
Elrood was Padishah Emperor at the time of the first ''Prelude to Dune'' novel, ''Dune: House Atreides''. In his later years, Elrood gave the siridar-governorship of Arrakis to [[House Harkonnen]]. He also created the title "Imperial Planetologist of Arrakis", and appointed [[Pardot Kynes]] to find out exactly how the spice melange was created. Elrood became a despotic and dictatorial ruler who in 10,154 A.G. authorized the [[Bene Tleilax|Tleilaxu]] takeover of planet [[Ix (Dune)|Ix]] and established the [[Project Amal]] program to create synthetic melange, intending to remove the Empire's dependency on Arrakis and control the spice himself. His long rule ended in 10,156 when he was assassinated, poisoned by slow acting [[List of Dune terminology#C|chaumurky]] administered to him by Count Fenring (again doing the bidding of Elrood's son Shaddam).
In ''Dune: House Corrino'' it was revealed that Elrood’s remains were interred in the Imperial Necropolis:
<blockquote>He finally led Fenring to where the sealed ashes of Elrood IX waited in a relatively small alcove, adorned with shimmering diamondplaz, ornate scrollwork, and fine gems — a sufficient display of Shaddam’s grief at the loss of his “beloved father” ... Disrespectfully, Shaddam leaned against the resting place of his father’s ashes. The old man had been cremated to foil any [[Suk School|Suk]] physician’s attempts to determine the true cause of death.</blockquote>
The following quotes and excerpts of Elrood IX's writings are referenced via epigraphs in the ''Prelude to Dune'' novels:
:*Like many culinary delicacies, revenge is a dish best savored slowly, after long and delicate preparation. — ''Deathbed Insights'' (''Dune: House Atreides'')
:*Immobility is often mistaken for peace. (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*Enemies strengthen you; allies weaken. — ''Deathbed Insights'' (''Dune: House Harkonnen'')
:*Blood is thicker than water, but politics is even thicker than blood. — ''Memoirs of Imperial Rule'' (''Dune: House Corrino'')
===Shaddam IV===
{{main|Shaddam Corrino IV}}
===Other Emperors===
====Ishaq XV====
Padishah Emperor '''Ishaq Corrino XV''' designed and built the Ishaq Hall of Magnificent Documents in Kaitain’s capital city of Corrinth. In its time the museum was, according to ''Dune: House Corrino'', "one of the most spectacular constructions in the burgeoning Imperial city." However, by the time of Shaddam IV it had been "swallowed by ever more impressive architecture" and "lost among the extravagant monuments on Kaitain." The museum was a repository for, among other things, the handwritten personal diaries of past Corrino Emperors.
====Mandias====
The "long-forgotten" Corrino ruler called '''Mandias the Terrible''' was known as "the Emperor who made worlds tremble." According to ''Dune: House Corrino'', his mummy was hidden in the Imperial Necropolis "in a chamber fronted by a fearsome, life-size statue" of Mandias. Shaddam IV noted when looking at Mandias' body: "I am not impressed ... Nobody even remembers him."
[[Category:Dune]]
[[Category:Fictional emperors and empresses]]
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