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'''Thomas Roberts''' may refer to:
{{expert-subject|Medicine}}
*[[Tom Roberts]] (1856–1931), Australian artist
{{drugbox |
*[[Thomas Roberts (news anchor)]], American news anchor
| IUPAC_name = 1-[2-[4-[(3''S'',4''R'')-7-methoxy-2,2- dimethyl-3-phenyl-chroman-4-yl] phenoxy] ethyl] pyrrolidine
*[[Tom Roberts (Ohio politician)]]
| image = Ormeloxifene.svg
*[[Thomas J. "Long Tom" Roberts]], fictional character, companion of Doc Savage
| CAS_number = 78994-24-8
*[[Thomas T. Roberts]] (American arbitrator)
| ATC_prefix =
*Thomas Roberts (1958–2006) American guitarist and songwriter of [[Poison Idea]]
| ATC_suffix =
*[[Thomas Roberts (archbishop)]] - Archbishop of Mumbai
| PubChem = 154413
{{hndis| name=Roberts, Thomas}}
| DrugBank =
| C=30 | H=35 | N=1 | O=3
| molecular_weight = 457.604 g/mol
| bioavailability =
| protein_bound =
| metabolism =
| elimination_half-life = 7 days
| excretion =
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S3 / S4 / S8 -->
| legal_CA = <!-- / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD / Class A, B, C -->
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
| legal_status =
| routes_of_administration = Oral
}}
'''Ormeloxifene''' (also known as '''Centchroman''') is one of the [[selective estrogen receptor modulator|selective estrogen receptor modulators]], or [[SERM|SERMs]], a class of medication which acts on the estrogen receptor. It is best known as a non-hormonal, non-steroidal oral contraceptive which is taken once per week. In India, ormeloxifene has been available as [[birth control]] since the early 1990s, and it is currently marketed there under the trade name '''Saheli®'''. Ormeloxifene is also licensed for use as a treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and there is speculation that it may be useful in the treatment of [[breast cancer]].
==Method of action==
Ormeloxifene is a [[Selective estrogen receptor modulator|SERM]], or selective [[estrogen receptor]] modulator. In some parts of the body, its action is estrogenic (e.g, bones), in other parts of the body, its action is anti-estrogenic (e.g., [[uterus]], breasts). It causes an asynchrony in the [[menstrual cycle]] between [[ovulation]] and the development of the uterine lining, although its exact mode of action is not well defined. In clinical trials, it caused ovulation to occur later than it normally would in some women (Singh 2001), but did not affect ovulation in the majority of women, while causing the lining of the uterus to build more slowly. It speeds the transport of any fertilized egg through the [[fallopian tube]]s more quickly than is normal (Singh 2001). Presumably, this combination of effects creates an environment such that if fertilization occurs, implantation will not be possible.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Singh M | title = Centchroman, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, as a contraceptive and for the management of hormone-related clinical disorders. | journal = Med Res Rev | volume = 21 | issue = 4 | pages = 302-47 | year = 2001 | id = PMID 11410933}}</ref>
==Usage==
Ormeloxifene may be used as a contraceptive or as a treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
===As birth control===
Ormeloxifene may be used as a weekly oral contraceptive. This is touted as a major advantage by manufacturers and users alike. Hormonal birth control pills must be taken at the exact same time each day. In the case of the [[progesterone only pill]], a delay of as little as one hour can trigger ovulation (and the risk of pregnancy). Ormeloxifene's weekly schedule is an advantage for women who prefer an oral contraceptive, but find it difficult or impractical to adhere perfectly to a timed, daily schedule.
For the first twelve weeks of use, it is advised to take the ormeloxifene pill twice per week. From the thirteenth week on, it is taken once per week. The consensus is that backup protection in the first month is a cautious but sensible choice.
==Effectiveness==
Clinical trial users experienced a [[failure rate]] of less than 2%, a rate which is comparable to [[hormonal contraception|hormonal birth control]] pills.
==Manufacture and marketing==
Ormeloxifene has been tested and licensed as a form of birth control, as well as a treatment for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
It was first manufactured by [[Torrent Pharmaceuticals]], and marketed as birth control under the trade name '''Centron®'''. Centron was discontinued. A new license for ormeloxifene was issued to [[Hindustan Latex Ltd.]], which now manufactures ormeloxifene as birth control under the trade name '''Saheli®'''.
Torrent Pharmaceuticals has resumed manufacture of ormeloxifene as a treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The trade name used is '''Sevista®'''.
==See also==
* [[Hormonal contraception]]
* [[SERM]]
* [[Reproductive health]]
==References==
<references />
==External links==
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2006/MB_cgi United States National Library of Medicine] ''Ormeloxifene'' entry in the [[Medical Subject Headings]] (MeSH) database
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2006/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Centchroman&field=entry United States National Library of Medicine] ''Centchroman'' entry in the [[Medical Subject Headings]] (MeSH) database
* Johns Hopkins University affiliate [http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/1fp/1advances/old/1centch/ceorvw.htm Reproductive Health Online] providing information on Centchroman
* [http://www.hindlatex.com/TipsnGuidesdetails.aspx?valid=1&category=0&id=170&type=25 Product details of Saheli] - manufacturer's website
* [http://www.hindlatex.com/TipsnGuidesdetails.aspx?valid=1&category=0&id=166&type=17 Clinical studies of Saheli] - manufacturer's website
* [http://www.cdriindia.org/Centchroman.htm Central Drug Research Institute], Lucknow, India. A government-funded laboratory which originally researched and developed the use of Centchroman as birth control.
* [http://mohfw.nic.in/ Ministry of Health and Family Welfare] A wealth of information about the availability of Saheli, made possible through the social programs of the Indian government.
* [http://www.aphroditewomenshealth.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=postlist&Board=4 Aphrodite Women's Health] - user experiences of Centchroman
* [http://groups.msn.com/Centchromanclub Centchroman Club] - user experiences
* [http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/centchroman/ Centchroman Health Group] - user experiences
{{BirthControl}}
[[Category:Chemical contraception]]
[[Category:Selective estrogen receptor modulators]]
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