|
:''Another mission bearing the name '''San Juan Capistrano''' is the [[Mission San Juan Capistrano (Texas)|Mission San Juan Capistrano]] in [[San Antonio, Texas]].
{{Infobox_Country
|native_name = New Zealand<br>''Aotearoa'' {{smaller|([[Maori language|Maori]])}}
{{Infobox Missions|
|conventional_long_name = New Zealand
image=Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6588.JPG|
|common_name = New Zealand
caption=A view of Mission San Juan Capistrano in April of 2005. At left is the façade of the first adobe church with its added ''espadaña''. Behind the ''campanario'', or "bell wall" is the "Sacred Garden." The Mission has earned a reputation as the "''Loveliest of the Franciscan Ruins.''"|
|image_flag = Flag of New Zealand.svg
name=Mission San Juan Capistrano|
|image_coat = Coat of arms of New Zealand.png
___location=[[San Juan Capistrano, California]]|
|symbol_type = Coat of Arms
originalname=''La Misión de San Juan Capistrano de Sajavit'' <ref>Leffingwell, p. 37</ref>|
|image_map = LocationNewZealand.png
translation=The Mission of Saint John of Sajavit|
|national_motto = none (formerly "Onward")
namesake=[[Giovanni da Capistrano|Saint John]] of [[Capestrano]]|
|national_anthem = [[God Defend New Zealand]]<br>[[God Save The Queen]]<sup>1</sup><!--Do not remove "God Save The Queen" as a national anthem; see http://www.mch.govt.nz/anthem/index.htm-->
nickname="Jewel of the Missions" <ref>Young, p. 26</ref><br>"Mission of the Swallow"|
|official_languages = [[New Zealand English|English]]<sup>3</sup>, [[Maori language|Maori]],<br>[[New Zealand Sign Language|New Zealand<br>Sign Language]]
founded=[[November 1]] [[1776]] <ref>Leffingwell, p. 37</ref>|
|capital = [[Wellington]]
foundedby=Father Presidente [[Junípero Serra]]|
|latd=41 | latm=17 | latNS=S | longd=174 | longm=47 |longEW=E
foundingorder=Seventh|
|largest_city = [[Auckland]]<sup>2</sup>
militarydistrict=First|
|government_type = [[Constitutional monarchy]]
nativetribe=[[Acjachemem|Juaneño]]|
|leader_titles =
owner=[[Roman Catholic Church]]|
|leader_names =
placename=''Quanís Savit, Sajivit'' <ref>Ruscin, p. 195</ref>|
|leader_title1 = [[Queen of New Zealand|Head of State]]
currentuse=Chapel / Museum|
|leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]
Coor dms={{coor dms|33|30|10|N|117|39|42|W|}}|
|leader_title2 = [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]]
NHL=[http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/CA/Orange/state2.html #NPS–71000170]|
|leader_name2 = [[Anand Satyanand]]
NRHP=[[September 3]] [[1971]]|
|leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]]
CHL=[http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=21445 #200]|
|leader_name3 = [[Helen Clark]]
website=http://www.missionsjc.com|
|land_area_magnitude =
|land_area=
|land_area_rank=
|land_areami² =
|area_rank = 75th
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|area= 268,680
|areami²= 103,738 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|percent_water = 2.1%
|population_estimate = 4,147,972<sup>5</sup>
|population_estimate_rank = 124th in 2005
|population_estimate_year = March 2006
|population_census = 4,116,900<sup>6</sup>
|population_census_year = 2006
|population_density = 15
|population_densitymi² = 39 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 193rd
|GDP_PPP = 101.685 billion [[International dollar|USD]]<sup>7</sup> <!-- IMF value from GDP article -->
|GDP_PPP_rank = 58th
|GDP_PPP_year= 2005
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = 24,797 [[International dollar|USD]]<sup>8</sup>
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 27th
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence of New Zealand|Independence]]
|sovereignty_note =
|established_events = (deprecated)
|established_dates = (deprecated)
|established_event1 = from the [[United Kingdom|UK]]
|established_date1 = [[September 26]], [[1907]]<sup>4</sup>
|established_event2 =
|established_date2 =
|established_event3 =
|established_date3 =
|established_event4 =
|established_date4 =
|HDI = 0.993
|HDI_rank = 19th
|HDI_year = 2003
|HDI_category = <font color=#009900>high</font>
|currency = [[New Zealand dollar]]
|currency_code = NZD
|country_code = NZ
|time_zone = [[Time in New Zealand|NZST]]<sup>9</sup>
|utc_offset = +12
|time_zone_DST = [[Time in New Zealand|NZDT]] (Oct-Mar)
|DST_note =
|utc_offset_DST = +13
|cctld = [[.nz]]
|calling_code = 64
|footnotes = <sup>1</sup> ''God Save The Queen'' is officially a national anthem but is generally used only on regal and vice-regal occasions.[http://www.mch.govt.nz/anthem/index.htm]<br><sup>2</sup> [[Auckland]] is the largest urban area; [[Auckland City]] is the largest incorporated city.<br><sup>3</sup> English is a ''[[de facto]]'' official language; the other two have ''[[de jure]]'' official status.<br><sup>4</sup> There is a multitude of dates that could be considered to give independence. (See [[Independence of New Zealand]].)<br/><sup>5</sup> [http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/hot-off-the-press/national-population-estimates/national-population-estimates-mar06qtr-hotp.htm]<br><sup>6</sup> Provisional 2006 census night population figure, which has limitations [http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/hot-off-the-press/2006-census/2006-census-provisional-counts-2006-hotp.htm?page=para007Master]<br/><sup>7</sup> Year to March 2006 GDP was 155.763 billion NZD[http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/hot-off-the-press/gross-domestic-product/gross-domestic-product-jun06qtr-hotp.htm?page=para017Master]<br/><sup>8</sup> Year to March 2006 GDP per capita was 37,896 NZD<br/><sup>9</sup> The [[Chatham Islands]] have a separate time zone, 45 minutes ahead of the rest of New Zealand
}}
'''Mission San Juan Capistrano''' was founded on [[All Saints|All Saints Day]] ([[November 1]]), [[1776]]. Named for a 15th-century [[Theology|theologian]] and "warrior priest" who resided in the [[Abruzzo]] region of [[Italy]], San Juan Capistrano has the distinction of being home to the oldest building in California still in use, a [[chapel]] built in 1782; known alternately as "Serra's Chapel" and "Father Serra's Church," it the only extant structure wherein it has been documented that the padre officiated over [[mass]].<ref>Young, p. 23</ref> The founding document on display within the Mission is also the only known surviving founding paper signed by Father Serra. One of the best known of the Alta California missions, the site was originally consecrated on [[October 30]], [[1775]] by Father [[Fermín Lasuén]] but was abandoned due to unrest among the indigenous population in San Diego.<ref>Yenne, p. 72</ref>
{{otheruses}}
The success of the settlement is evident in its historical records. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries, some 550 natives were scattered throughout the local area; by 1790, the number of converted [[Christians]] had grown to 700, and just six years later nearly 1,000 "neophytes" (recent converts) lived in or around the Mission compound. 1,649 [[baptism]]s were conducted that year alone, out of the total 4,430 souls converted throughout the Mission's lifetime. An estimated 2,000 former inhabitants (mostly [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]) are buried in unmarked graves in the Mission's [[cemetery]] (''campo santos''), as are the remains of Father (later [[Monsignor]]) [[St. John O'Sullivan]], the man credited with recognizing the property's historic value and working tirelessly to conserve and rebuild its structures. Father O'Sullivan is buried at the entrance to the cemetery on the west side of the property, and a statue raised in his honor stands at the head of the crypt. The surviving chapel also serves as the final resting place of three padres who passed on while serving at the Mission: Father José Barona, Father Vincent Fuster, and Father José Rafael Oliva are all entombed beneath the sanctuary floor.
'''New Zealand''' is a country in the south-western [[Pacific Ocean]] consisting of two large islands and many , most notably [[Stewart Island]] and the [[Chatham Islands]]. New Zealand is also known in [[Māori language|Māori]] as '''[[Aotearoa]]''', which is usually paraphrased in English as ''Land of the Long White Cloud''.
The Mission entered a long period of gradual decline after [[secularization]] in 1834. Numerous efforts were made over the years to restore the Mission to its former glory, but none met with great success until the arrival of Father O'Sullivan in 1910. Restoration efforts continue to this day; "Serra's Chapel" is still used for religious services, and over half a million people visit the [[landmark]] every year. In 1984 a modern church complex was constructed just north and west of the Mission compound; the design is patterned after the old stone church, but twenty percent larger. Its 85-foot high main [[rotunda]] and 104-foot high bell tower make it the tallest building in town; [[Pope John Paul II]] conferred the rank of [[Minor Basilica]] to this facility on [[February 14]], [[2000]].
The [[Realm of New Zealand]] also includes the [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]], which are self-governing, but in [[Associated state|free association]]; [[Tokelau]]; and the [[Ross Dependency]] (New Zealand's [[Antarctic territorial claims|territorial claim in Antarctica]]).
[[Image:1916 Rexford Newcomb sketch -- Mission San Juan Capistrano.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Artist Rexford Newcomb's conception of Mission San Juan Capistrano in its heyday. The intact "Great Stone Church" is depicted at the far right.<ref>Newcomb, p. 16</ref>]]
It is notable for its geographic isolation, being separated from [[Australia]] to the northwest by the [[Tasman Sea]], some 2000 [[kilometre]]s (1250 [[mile]]s) across. Its closest neighbours to the north are [[New Caledonia]], [[Fiji]], and [[Tonga]].
==Prehistory==
The population is mostly of [[Pākehā|European descent]], with the indigenous [[Māori]] being the largest minority. Non-Māori [[Polynesian]] and [[Asia]]n peoples are also significant minorities, especially in the [[List of cities in New Zealand|cities]].
The first humans are thought to have made their homes among the southern valleys of California's coastal mountain ranges some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. The earliest of these people are known only from archaeological evidence. Relatively much is known about the native inhabitants in recent centuries, thanks in part to the efforts of the Spanish explorer [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]], who documented his observations of life in the coastal villages he encountered along the Southern California coast in October of 1542.<ref>Yenne, p. 8</ref> Fray Gerónimo Boscana, a Franciscan scholar who was stationed at San Juan Capistrano in 1812, compiled what is widely considered to be the most comprehensive study of prehistoric religious practices in the San Juan Capistrano valley. Religious knowledge was secret, and the prevalent religion, called ''[[Chinigchinix|Chingichngich]]'', placed village chiefs in the position of religious leaders, an arrangement that gave the chiefs broad power over their people.
==History==
[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]], as the [[Monarchy in New Zealand|Queen of New Zealand]], is the nominal [[Head of State]] and is represented, in her absence, by a non-partisan [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]]; the Queen 'reigns but does not rule', so she has no real political influence. Political power is held by the democratically-elected [[Parliament of New Zealand]] under the leadership of the [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] who is the [[Head of Government]].
===The Mission Era (1769 – 1833)===
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6535.JPG|thumb|250px|right|A statue of Father Junípero Serra and an Indian boy, sculpted by '''Tole van Rensalaar'''; the work was commissioned in 1914 by Father St. John O'Sullivan to depict the meeting of the two cultures. Father O'Sullivan acted as the subject for Serra, and local resident Clarence Mendelson was the model for the boy.]]
Father Juan Crespí authored the first written account of actual interaction between Franciscan friars and the indigenous population after his expedition traveled through the region on [[July 22]], [[1769]]. The group officially named the area after [[Mary Magdalene|Santa Maria Magdalena]] (though it would also come to be called the ''Arroyo de la Quema'' and ''Cañada del Incendio'', "Wildfire Hollow").<ref>Kelsey, p. 9</ref> The Mission site was chosen as a logical halfway point between [[San Gabriel]] and [[San Diego]]. San Juan Capistrano is one of the few missions to have actually been founded twice (another being [[Mission La Purísima Concepción]]); the site was first established Father Fermín Lasuén and Father Gregório Amúrrio on October 30, 1775 near an [[Native Americans in the United States|Indian]] settlement named ''Sajivit''; unfortunately, [[Mission San Diego de Alcalá]] came under Indian attack eight days later.<ref>Wright, p. 37</ref> Since it was feared at the time that any hostile action by the natives against the few burgeoning outposts might break [[Spain]]'s tenuous hold on [[Alta California]], the fathers quickly buried the San Juan Capistrano Mission bells and the expedition returned to [[Presidio of San Diego|El Presidio de San Diego]] in order to quell the uprising.
== History ==
{{main|History of New Zealand}}
New Zealand is one of the most recently settled major land masses. [[Polynesia]]n settlers arrived in their [[Waka (canoe)|waka]] some time between the [[13th century]] and the [[15th century]] to establish the [[indigenous peoples|indigenous]] [[Māori]] [[Māori culture|culture]]. New Zealand's [[Māori language|Māori]] name, ''Aotearoa'', is usually translated as "Land of the long white cloud", reputedly referring to the cloud the explorers saw on the horizon as they approached. Settlement of the [[Chatham Islands]] to the east of the mainland produced the [[Moriori]] people, but it is disputed whether they moved there from New Zealand or elsewhere in Polynesia. Most of New Zealand was divided into tribal territories called ''rohe'', resources within which were controlled by an ''[[iwi]]'' ('nation' or 'tribe'). [[Māori]] adapted to eating the local marine resources, flora and fauna for food, hunting the giant flightless [[Moa (bird)|moa]] (which soon became extinct), and ate the [[Polynesian Rat]] and [[sweet potato|kumara]] (sweet potato), which they introduced to the country.
One year later Fathers Serra and Lasuén returned to once again begin work on the Mission at San Juan Capistrano; once there, they uncovered the bells and discovered that a wooden cross that had been erected during the original dedication was still standing. Due to an inadequate water supply the Mission site was subsequently relocated approximately three miles to the west near the Indian village of ''Acágcheme''.<ref>Kelsey, p. 10</ref> According to a report filed in 1782 by Father Pablo Mugártegui, "''...the site was transferred to that which it occupies today, where we have the advantage of secure water...this transfer was made on [[October 4]], [[1778]].''" <ref>Mission San Juan Capistrano; retrieved on March 29, 2006</ref> The new venue was strategically placed above two nearby [[stream]]s, the [[Trabuco Canyon, California|Trabuco]] and the San Juan. [[Mission San Gabriel Arcángel]] provided [[cattle]] and neophyte labor to assist in the development of new the Mission.
The first [[European]]s known to have reached New Zealand were led by [[Abel Tasman|Abel Janszoon Tasman]], who sailed up the west coasts of the South and North Islands in [[1642]]. He named it ''Staten Landt'', believing it to be part of the land [[Jacob Le Maire]] had seen in [[1616]] off the coast of [[Chile]]. ''Staten Landt'' appeared on Tasman's first maps of New Zealand, but this was changed by [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Cartography|cartographers]] to ''Nova Zeelandia'', after the Dutch province of [[Zeeland]], some time after [[Hendrik Brouwer]] proved the supposedly South American land to be an island in [[1643]]. The [[Latin]] ''Nova Zeelandia'' became ''Nieuw Zeeland'' in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. Captain [[James Cook]] subsequently called the archipelago ''New Zealand'' (a slight corruption, as [[Zealand]] is not an alternative spelling of [[Zeeland]], a province in the [[Netherlands]], but of [[Sjælland]], the island in [[Denmark]] that includes [[Copenhagen]]), although the Māori names he recorded for the North and South Islands (as Aehei No Mouwe and Tovy Poenammu respectively<ref name="Māoriislandnames">The modern spelling for these names - still in use by Māori - are ''Te Ika a Maui'' and ''Te Wai Pounamu''.</ref>) were rejected, and the main three islands became known as North, Middle and South, with the Middle Island being later called the South Island, and the earlier South Island becoming Stewart Island. Cook began extensive surveys of the islands in [[1769]], leading to European [[whaling]] expeditions and eventually significant European [[colonisation]]. From as early as the 1780s, Māori had encounters with European sealers and whalers. Acquisition of [[musket]]s by those [[iwi]] in close contact with European visitors destabilised the existing balance of power between Māori tribes and there was a temporary but intense period of bloody inter-tribal warfare, known as the [[Musket Wars]], which ceased only when all iwi were so armed.
In 1778, the first [[adobe]] ''capilla'' (chapel) was blessed. It was replaced by a larger, 115-foot long house of worship in 1782, which is believed to be the oldest standing building in California. Known proudly as the "Serra Chapel," it has the distinction of being the only remaining church in which the padre is known to have officiated ([[Mission San Francisco de Asis|Mission Dolores]] was still under construction at the time of Serra's visit there). Father Serra presided over the confirmations of 213 people on October 12 and 13, 1783; divine services are held there to this day. The centerpiece of the chapel is its spectacular ''[[retablo]]'' which serves as the backdrop for the altar. A masterpiece of [[Baroque]] art, the altarpiece was hand-carved of 196 individual pieces of cherry wood and overlaid in [[gold leaf]] in [[Barcelona]] and is estimated to be 400 years old. It was originally imported from Barcelona in 1806 and later donated by Archbishop John Cantwell of [[Los Angeles]] (the building had to be enlarged to accommodate this piece). Although the ''retablo'' had been relayered over the centuries, most of the original gilding remains underneath the modern materials; extensive restoration was begun in June, 2006. By the time of the chapel's completion, living quarters, kitchens (''pozolera''), workshops, storerooms, soldiers' barracks (''cuartels''), and a number of other ancillary buildings had also been erected, effectively forming the main ''cuadrángulo'' (quadrangle).
[[Image:Waitangi_Treaty-1-.jpg|thumb|right|Signing of the [[Treaty of Waitangi]]]]
Concerned about the exploitation of Māori by Europeans, the British [[Colonial Office]] appointed [[James Busby]] as British Resident to New Zealand in [[1832]]. In 1834, Busby convened the [[United Tribes of New Zealand]] to select a flag and declare their independence, which led to the [[Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand]]. This declaration did not allay the fears of the [[Church Missionary Society]], who continued lobbying for British annexation. Increasing [[France|French]] interest in the region led the British to annex New Zealand by Royal Proclamation in January 1840. To legitimise the British annexation, Lieutenant Governor [[William Hobson]] had been dispatched in 1839; he hurriedly negotiated the [[Treaty of Waitangi]] with northern iwi on his arrival. The Treaty was signed in February, and in recent years it has come to be seen as the founding document of New Zealand. The Māori translation of the treaty promised the Māori tribes "''[[tino rangatiratanga]]''" would be preserved in return for ceding [[kawanatanga]], which the English version translates as "chieftainship" and "sovereignty"; the real meanings are now disputed. Disputes over land sales and sovereignty caused the [[New Zealand land wars]], which took place between [[1845]] and [[1872]]. In [[1975]] the Treaty of Waitangi Act established the [[Waitangi Tribunal]], charged with hearing claims of Crown violations of the Treaty of Waitangi. Some Māori tribes and the [[Moriori]] never signed the treaty.
[[Image:1916 Rexford Newcomb plan view -- Mission San Juan Capistrano.jpg|thumb|300px|left|A plan view of the Mission San Juan Capistrano complex (including the footprint of the "Great Stone Church") prepared by architectural historian [[Rexford Newcomb]] in 1916. <ref>Newcomb, p. 15</ref>]]
[[Image:VonTempsky's death cropped.jpg|thumb|left|A [[Gustavus von Tempsky#The Taranaki Wars|controversial incident]] during the [[New Zealand land wars|land wars]]]]
New Zealand was initially administered as a part of the colony of [[New South Wales]], and it became a separate colony in November [[1840]]. The first capital was [[Okiato]] or old [[Russell, New Zealand|Russell]] in the [[Bay of Islands]] but it soon moved to [[Auckland]]. European settlement progressed more rapidly than anyone anticipated, and settlers soon outnumbered Māori. Self-government was granted to the settler population in 1852. There were political concerns following the discovery of [[gold]] in [[Central Otago]] in [[1861]] that the South Island would form a separate colony, so in [[1865]] the capital was moved to the more central city of [[Wellington]]. New Zealand was involved in a Constitutional Convention in March [[1891]] in [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], along with the Australian colonies. This was to consider a potential constitution for the proposed [[federation]] between all the [[Australasia]]n colonies. New Zealand lost interest in joining [[Australia]] in a federation following this convention.
California's first vineyard was located on the Mission grounds, with the planting of the "Mission" or "[[Criollo]]" grape in 1779, one grown extensively throughout Spanish America at the time but with "an uncertain European origin." It was the only grape grown in the Mission system throughout the mid-1800s. The first winery in Alta California was built in San Juan Capistrano in 1783; both red and white [[wine]]s (sweet and dry), [[brandy]], and a port-like [[fortified wine]] called [[Angelica wine|Angelica]] were all produced from the Mission grape. In 1791, the Mission's two original bells were removed from the tree branch on which they had been hanging for the previous fifteen years and placed within a permanent mounting. Over the next two decades the Mission prospered, and in 1794 over seventy adobe structures were built in order to provide permanent housing for the Mission Indians, some of which comprise the oldest residential neighborhood in California. It was decided that a larger, [[European]]-style church was required to accommodate the growing population. Hoping to construct an edifice of truly magnificent proportions, the padres retained the services of expert [[Mexican]] stonemason '''Isidoro Aguílar'''.<ref>Camphouse, p. 30</ref> Aguílar took charge of the church's construction and set about incorporating numerous design features not found at any other California Mission, including the use of a [[dome]]d roof structure made of [[Rock (geology)|stone]] as opposed to the typical flat wood roof. His elegant roof design called for six [[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]] domes (''bovedas'') to be built.
In [[1893]] New Zealand became the first nation to grant women the right to vote on the same basis as men; however, women were not eligible to stand for parliament until [[1919]].
Work was begun on "The Great Stone Church" on February 2, 1797. It was laid out in the shape of a cross, measuring 180 feet long by 40 feet wide with 50-foot high walls, and included a 120-foot tall ''campanile'' ("bell tower") located adjacent to the main entrance that could be seen for miles around. The building sat on a [[foundation (architecture)|foundation]] seven feet thick. Construction efforts required the participation of the entire ''[[Wiktionary:neophyte|neophyte]]'' population. Stones were quarried from gullies and creek beds up to six miles away and transported in carts (''carretas'') drawn by [[oxen]], carried by hand, and even dragged to the building site. [[Limestone]] was crushed into a powder on the Mission grounds to create a [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]] that was more erosion-resistant than the actual stones.
New Zealand became an independent [[dominion]] on [[26 September]] [[1907]], by Royal Proclamation. Full independence was granted by the [[United Kingdom Parliament]] with the [[Statute of Westminster 1931|Statute of Westminster]] in [[1931]]; it was taken up upon the Statute's adoption by the [[New Zealand Parliament]] in [[1947]]. Since then New Zealand has been a sovereign constitutional monarchy within the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6583.JPG|thumb|300px|right|A close-up view of the majestic ruins of Mission San Juan Capistrano's "Great Stone Church," dubbed the "[[American Acropolis]]" in reference to its classical [[Greco-Roman]] style.]]
In 1951, [[Australia]], New Zealand and the [[United States]] formally became allies with the signing of the [[ANZUS Treaty]]. In 1985, New Zealand declared itself a [[nuclear-free zone]]. As a result, US [[warships]] could no longer enter New Zealand ports without declaring themselves to be free of nuclear weapons or power. As such a declaration would be against US Government policy, effectively the ships were banned from New Zealand. The United States suspended its obligations to New Zealand under the ANZUS Treaty.
Unfortunately, Señor Aguílar died six years into the project. His work was carried on by the padres and their charges, who made their best attempts to emulate the existing construction. Lacking the skills of a master mason, however, led to irregular walls and necessitated the addition of a seventh roof dome. The church was finally completed in 1806, and blessed by Fray Estévan Tapís on the evening of September 7<ref>Yenne, p. 75</ref>. The sanctuary floors were paved with diamond-shaped [[tile]]s, and [[brick]]-lined niches displayed the statues of various saints. It was by all accounts the most magnificent in all of California and a three-day feast was held in celebration of this monumental achievement. Tragedy struck the settlement when on [[December 8]], [[1812]] (the "Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin") a series of massive [[earthquake]]s shook Southern California during the first Sunday service. Twelve years earlier a minor earth [[tremor]] had hit, causing only superficial damage to the work in progress.<ref>Chase and Saunders, p. 27</ref> The 1812 [http://www.data.scec.org/chrono_index/wrightwd.html Wrightwood Earthquake] racked the doors to the church, pinning them shut. When the ground finally stopped shaking, the bulk of the nave had come crashing down, and the bell tower was completely obliterated. Forty-two worshippers from the local [[Acjachemem]] Nation (referred to as Juaneños by the [[Spaniards]]) who were attending mass were buried under the rubble and lost their lives, and were subsequently interred in the Mission cemetery. This was the second major setback the outpost had suffered, and followed severe storms and flooding that damaged Mission buildings and ruined crops earlier in the year.
== Government ==
<!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series-->
{{morepolitics|country=New Zealand}}
{| align=right
| [[Image:Queen Elizabeth II of New Zealand cropped.jpg|thumb|150px|Her Majesty [[Elizabeth II of New Zealand|Queen Elizabeth II]] [[Queen of New Zealand|of New Zealand]].]]
|-
| [[Image:HelenClark 2006 head shot.jpg|150px|thumb|[[Helen Clark]],<br>[[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]]]]
|}
New Zealand is a [[constitutional monarchy]] with a [[parliamentary democracy]]. Under the New Zealand Royal Titles Act ([[1953]]), [[Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] is [[Queen of New Zealand]] and is represented as [[head of state]] by the [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governor-General]], [[Anand Satyanand]].
[[Image:San Juan Capistrano 1880 painting.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''Misión San Juan de Capistrano'' by [[Henry Ford (illustrator)|Henry Chapman Ford]], 1880. The work depicts the rear of the ruined "Great Stone Church" as well as part of the mission's ''campo santos''. A portion of "Serra's Church" is also visible at right.]]
New Zealand is the only country in the world in which all the highest offices in the land have been occupied simultaneously by women, between March 2005 and August 2006 - The Sovereign [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]], [[Governor-General]] Dame [[Silvia Cartwright]], Prime Minister [[Helen Clark]], [[Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives|Speaker]] of the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]] [[Margaret Wilson]] and Chief Justice Dame [[Sian Elias]].
The padres immediately returned to holding services in Serra's Church. Within a year a brick ''campanario'' ("bell wall") had been erected between the ruins of the stone church and the Mission's first chapel to support the four bells salvaged from the rubble of the campanile. As the [[transept]], [[Sanctuary#Sanctuary as a sacred place|sanctuary]] (''reredos''), and ''sacristia'' ([[sacristy]]) were all left standing, an attempt was made to rebuild the stone church in 1815 which failed due to a lack of construction expertise (the latter is the only element that is completely intact today). Consequently, all of the construction work undertaken at the Mission grounds thereafter was of a strictly utilitarian nature. Father José Barona and Father Gerónimo Boscana oversaw the construction of a small infirmary ([[hospital]]) building (located just outside the northwestern corner of the quadrangle) in 1814, "for the convenience of the sick." It is here that Juaneño [[Medicine man|medicine men]] used traditional methods to heal the sick and injured.<ref>Engelhardt, p. 57</ref> [[Archaeological]] excavations in 1937 and 1979 unearthed what are believed to be the building's foundations.
The [[New Zealand Parliament]] has only [[Unicameral parliament|one chamber]], the [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], which usually seats 120 Members of Parliament. [[Elections in New Zealand|Parliamentary general elections]] are held every three years under a form of [[proportional representation]] called [[Mixed Member Proportional]]. The [[New Zealand general election, 2005|2005 General Election]] created an '[[Overhang seat|overhang]]' of one extra seat (occupied by the [[Māori Party]]), due to that party winning more seats in constituencies than the number of seats its proportion of the party vote would have given it.
[[Image:SIF-Beehive-3-Cropped.jpg|thumb|120p|left|120px|[[Beehive (building)|Beehive]], [[New Zealand Parliament Buildings|Parliament Buildings]]]]
On [[December 14]], [[1818]] the [[France|French]] [[privateer]] [[Hippolyte de Bouchard|Hipólito Bouchard]], sailing under an [[Argentina|Argentine]] flag, brought his ships ''La Argentina'' and ''Santa Rosa'' to within sight of the Mission and sent forth an envoy with a demand for provisions. The [[garrison]] [[soldiers]] were aware that Bouchard (today known as "California's only [[pirate]]") had recently conducted raids on the settlements at [[Monterey, California|Monterey]] and [[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], so the demand was rebuffed and threats of reprisals made.<ref>Yenne, p. 77</ref> In response, ''Pirate Buchar'' ordered an assault on the Mission, sending some 140 men and a trio of cannon to take the needed supplies by force.<ref>Jones p. 170</ref> The Mission guards engaged the attackers but were overwhelmed, and the privateers left several damaged buildings in their wake, including the ''Governor's house'', the ''King's stores'', and the barracks. A celebration is held annually to memorialize the event. Between 1820 and 1823 an ''estancia'' (station) was established a few miles north on the banks of the [[Santa Ana River]] to accommodate the Mission's sizeable cattle herd. The adobe structure built to house the [[Majordomo (domestic staff)|mayordomo]] and his men is known today as the [[Diego Sepúlveda Adobe]].
There is no written [[New Zealand constitution|constitution]]: the ''[[New Zealand Constitution Act 1986|Constitution Act 1986]]'' is the principal formal statement of New Zealand's constitutional structure. The Governor-General has the power to appoint and dismiss Prime Ministers and to dissolve Parliament. The Governor-General also chairs the [[Executive Council]], which is a formal committee consisting of all ministers of the Crown. Members of the Executive Council are required to be Members of Parliament, and most are also in [[New Zealand Cabinet|Cabinet]]. Cabinet is the most senior policy-making body and is led by the [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]], who is also, by convention, the Parliamentary leader of the governing party or coalition.
[[Image:Mission san juan capistrano0001.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|A [[Islamic architecture|Moorish]]-style fountain inside Mission San Juan Capistrano's central courtyard, built in the 1920s through the efforts of Father St. John O'Sullivan.]]
The current Prime Minister is [[Helen Clark]], leader of the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]. She is serving her third term as Prime Minister. On [[17 October]] [[2005]] she announced that she had come to a complex arrangement that guaranteed the support of enough parties for her Labour-led coalition to govern. The formal coalition consists of the Labour Party and [[Jim Anderton]], the [[New Zealand Progressive Party|Progressive Party]]'s only MP. In addition to the parties in formal coalition, [[New Zealand First]] and [[United Future]] provide confidence and supply in return for their leaders being ministers outside cabinet. A further arrangement has been made with the [[Green Party]], which has given a commitment not to vote against the government on [[motion of confidence|confidence and supply]]. This commitment assures the government of a majority of seven MPs on confidence.
[[Mexico]] gained its independence from [[Spain]] in 1821. The 1820s and [[1830s|30s]] saw a gradual decline in the Mission's status. Disease thinned out the once ample [[cattle]] [[herd]]s, and a sudden infestation of [[Mustard plant|mustard weed]] made it increasingly difficult to [[cultivate]] [[agriculture|crops]]. Floods and droughts took their toll as well. But the biggest threat to the Mission's stability came from the presence of [[Spanish people|Spanish]] settlers who sought to take over Capistrano's fertile lands. Over time the disillusioned Indian population gradually left the Mission, and without regular maintenance its physical deterioration continued at an accelerated rate.
The [[Leader of the Opposition (New Zealand)|Leader of the Opposition]] is [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] leader [[Don Brash]], formerly Governor of the [[Reserve Bank of New Zealand|Reserve Bank]]. The [[ACT New Zealand|ACT party]] and the [[Māori Party]] are both also in opposition. The Greens, New Zealand First and United Future all vote against the government on some legislation.
Nevertheless, there was sufficient activity along [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]] to justify the construction of the [[Las Flores Asistencia]] in 1823. This facility, situated halfway between San Juan Capistrano and the Mission at [[Mission San Luis Rey de Francia|San Luís Rey]], was intended to act primarily as a rest stop for traveling clergy. During the same period the '''Diego Sepúlveda Adobe''' was established as an ''estancia'' (way-station) for the ''[[vaquero]]s'' ([[cowboys]]) who tended the Mission herds, in what today is the City of [[Costa Mesa, California|Costa Mesa]]. Following secularization, ownership passed to Don Diego Sepúlveda.
Major political parties:
*[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] (50 seats)
*[[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] (48 seats)
Although Governor [[José Figueroa]] (who took office in 1833) initially attempted to keep the mission system intact, the [[Congress of Mexico|Mexican Congress]] nevertheless passed ''An Act for the Secularization of the Missions of California'' on [[August 17]], [[1833]]. Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first to feel the effects of this legislation the following year.
Minor political parties (in Parliament):
*[[ACT New Zealand]] (2 seats)
*[[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]] (6 seats)
*[[New Zealand Progressive Party|Jim Anderton's Progressive Party]] (1 seat)
*[[Māori Party]] (4 seats)
*[[New Zealand First]] (7 seats)
*[[United Future New Zealand|United Future]] (3 seats)
===The Rancho Era (1834 – 1849)===
The highest court in New Zealand is the [[Supreme Court of New Zealand]], which was established in 2004 following the passage of the ''Supreme Court Act'' 2003. The Act abolished the option to appeal Court of Appeal rulings to the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council|Privy Council]] in [[London]]. The current Chief Justice is [[Sian Elias|Dame Sian Elias]]. New Zealand's judiciary also includes the [[High Court of New Zealand|High Court]], which deals with serious criminal offences and civil matters, and the [[New Zealand Court of Appeal|Court of Appeal]], as well as subordinate courts.
[[Image:CHS.J3075.jpg|thumb|300px|left|The caretaker chats with guests beneath the shade of one of Mission San Juan Capistrano's courtyard arcades. The facility's advanced state of decay is evident.]]
The [[Mexican Congress]] passed ''An Act for the Secularization of the Missions of California'' on [[August 17]], [[1833]]. The Act also provided for the colonization of both Alta and Baja California, the expenses of this latter move to be borne by the proceeds gained from the sale of the mission property to private interests. Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first to feel the effects of this legislation the following year. The [[Franciscans]] abandoned the Mission, taking with them most everything of value, after which the locals plundered the Mission buildings for construction materials. By 1835, little of the Mission's assets remained, though the manufacture of hides and tallow continued as described in [[Richard Henry Dana, Jr.|Richard Henry Dana's]] classic novel ''[[Two Years Before the Mast]]''.<ref>Young, p. 24</ref>
== Foreign relations and the military ==
{{main|Foreign relations of New Zealand|Military of New Zealand|Military history of New Zealand}}
New Zealand maintains a strong profile on environmental protection, [[human rights]] and [[free trade]], particularly in [[agriculture]].
San Juan Capistrano was officially designated as a [[secular]] Mexican [[pueblo]] in 1841, at which time those few who still resided at the Mission were granted sections of land to use as their own. Four years later the Mission property was auctioned off under questionable circumstances for $710 worth of tallow and hides to [[Englishman]] John "Don Juan" Forster (Governor [[Pío Pico]]'s brother-in-law, whose family would take up residence in the Friars' quarters for the next twenty years) and his partner James McKinley. More families would subsequently take up residence in other portions of the Mission buildings.
New Zealand is a member of the following geo-political organisations: [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]], [[East Asia Summit]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]], [[OECD]] and the [[United Nations]]. It has signed up to a number of free trade agreements, of which the most important is [[Closer Economic Relations]] with Australia.
===California Statehood (1850 – 1900)===
For its first hundred years, New Zealand followed the [[United Kingdom]]'s lead on foreign policy. "Where she goes, we go; where she stands, we stand", said Prime Minister [[Michael Joseph Savage|Michael Savage]], in declaring war on [[Germany]] on [[3 September]] [[1939]]. However New Zealand came under the influence of the [[United States of America]] for the generation following the war (although New Zealand does still have a good working relationship with the UK).
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6553.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Father José Mut's dining room as it is thought to have looked during his twenty-year stay at the Mission. Some years later, furniture maker and architect [[Gustav Stickley]] (the leading spokesperson for the American [[Arts and Crafts movement]]) would develop a reputation for fine, hand-crafted furnishings that were inspired by pieces such as these.<ref>Cathers, p. 45</ref>]]
In 1860 an abortive attempt at restoring the stone church was the cause of its additional disintegration, forcing the dome over the [[transept]] and its ''[[cupola]]'' (lantern house) to collapse. A [[smallpox]] [[epidemic]] swept through the area in 1862, nearly wiping out the remaining Juaneño Indians. [[Abraham Lincoln|President Abraham Lincoln]] signed a proclamation on [[March 18]], [[1865]] that returned ownership of the Mission proper to the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The document remains on display in the Mission's barracks ''cum'' museum; it is one of the few documents he ever signed as "Abraham Lincoln" instead of his customary "A. Lincoln." The Mission's sole resident from 1866 to 1886 was its pastor, Father José Mut. Father Mut made certain changes in order to accommodate his own needs, but little was accomplished to prevent further deterioration of the Mission buildings. By 1891 a roof collapse required that the Serra Chapel be abandoned completely. Modifications were made to the original [[adobe]] church (including the addition of a cross-topped ''espadaña'' at the south end, a feature that has been retained in the present iteration of the Mission compound) in order to render it suitable for use as a [[parish]] church.
New Zealand has traditionally worked closely with Australia, whose foreign policy followed a similar historical trend. In turn, many Pacific Islands such as [[Western Samoa]] have looked to New Zealand's lead. The American influence on New Zealand was weakened by the disappointment with the [[Vietnam War]], the [[sinking of the Rainbow Warrior]] by France, and by disagreements over environmental and agricultural trade issues and New Zealand's nuclear-free policy.
In 1894, the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]] constructed a new depot in the emerging "[[Mission Revival Style architecture|Mission Revival Style]]" mere blocks from the Mission. It is rumored that the stonework, bricks, and roof tiles were salvaged from the decaying buildings.<ref>Duke, p. 241</ref> The following year, a group calling itself the '''Landmarks Club of Los Angeles''' made the first real efforts at preserving the Mission and restoring it to its original state in over fifty years. Over 400 tons of debris was cleared away, holes in the walls were patched, and new [[Shake (roof)|shake]] [[Thuja plicata|cedar]] roofs were placed over a few of the derelict buildings. A mile of walkways were repaved with asphalt and gravel as well.
New Zealand is a party to the [[ANZUS]] security treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States. In February 1985 New Zealand refused [[nuclear power|nuclear-powered]] or [[nuclear weapon|nuclear-armed]] ships access to its ports. In [[1986]] the United States announced that it was suspending its treaty security obligations to New Zealand pending the restoration of port access. The ''New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act 1987'' prohibits the stationing of nuclear weapons on the territory of New Zealand and the entry into New Zealand waters of nuclear armed or propelled ships. This legislation remains a source of contention and the basis for the United States' continued suspension of treaty obligations to New Zealand.
===The 20th Century and beyond (1901 – present)===
In addition to the various wars between iwi, and between the British settlers and iwi, New Zealand has fought in the [[Second Boer War]], [[World War I]], [[World War II]], the [[Korean War]], the [[Malayan Emergency]] (and committed troops, fighters and bombers to the subsequent confrontation with [[Indonesia]]), the [[Vietnam War]], the [[Gulf War]] and the [[Afghanistan War]], and briefly sent a unit of army engineers to help with rebuilding [[Iraq]]i infrastructure.
[[Image:Historic American Buildings Survey Photographed by Henry F. Withey June 1936 VIEW OF SANCTUARY OF SERRA'S CHURCH colorized.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The "Golden Altar," an early [[Baroque]]-style ''retablo'' (altarpiece) situated at the north-end sanctuary of "Father Serra's Church."]]
After Father Mut's departure in 1886 the parish found itself without a permanent pastor, and the Mission languished during this period. Father St. John O'Sullivan arrived in San Juan Capistrano in 1910 to recuperate from a recent stroke, and to seek relief from chronic [[tuberculosis]].<ref>Wright, p. 39</ref> He became fascinated by the scope of the Mission and soon set to work on rebuilding it a section at a time. Father O'Sullivan's first task was to repair the roof of the Serra Chapel (which was being employed as a granary and storeroom) using [[sycamore]] logs to match those that were used in the original work; in the process, the roof of the [[apse]] was raised to allow for the inclusion of a window so that natural light could be brought into the space. Other refurbishments were made as time and funds permitted. Arthur B. Benton, a Los Angeles [[architect]], strengthened the chapel walls through the addition of heavy [[masonry]] [[buttress]]es.
The New Zealand military has three branches: the [[New Zealand Army]], the [[Royal New Zealand Navy]], and the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]]. New Zealand considers its own national defence needs to be modest; it dismantled its air combat capability in 2001. New Zealand has contributed forces to recent regional and global peacekeeping missions, including those in [[Cyprus]], [[Somalia]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], [[Angola]], [[Cambodia]], the [[Iran]]/[[Iraq]] border, [[Bougainville Province|Bougainville]] and [[East Timor]].
It is rumored that [[silent film]] star [[Mary Pickford|Mary Pickford's]] secret marriage to fellow [[actor]] [[Owen Moore]] in 1911 took place in the Mission chapel. The third act of [[John Steven McGroarty|John Steven McGroarty's]] ''The Mission Play'' (1911) is set "''...amid the broken and deserted walls of Mission San Juan Capistrano (the Mission of the Swallow), in 1847''." Severe flooding destroyed a portion of the Mission's front arcade in 1915, and heavy storms a year later washed away one end of the barracks building, which Father O'Sullivan rebuilt in 1917, incorporating minor modifications such as an ornamental archway in order to make the edifice more closely resemble a church. In 1918 the Mission was given [[parochial]] status with Father O’Sullivan as its first modern pastor. It was on [[April 21]] of that year that the [http://www.data.scec.org/chrono_index/sanj1918.html San Jacinto Earthquake] caused moderate structural damage to some of the buildings. In 1919, author [[Johnston McCulley]] created the character "[[Zorro]]" and chose Mission San Juan Capistrano as the setting for the first novella, titled ''[[The Curse of Capistrano]]''.<ref>Yenne, P. 79</ref>
== Local government and external territories ==
{{main|Realm of New Zealand|Regions of New Zealand|Territorial authorities of New Zealand}}
[[Image:New Zealand map.PNG|thumb|200px|right|A map of New Zealand showing the major cities and towns]]
The early European settlers divided New Zealand into [[Provinces of New Zealand|provinces]]. These were abolished in [[1876]] so that government could be centralised, for financial reasons. As a result, New Zealand has no separately represented [[subnational entity|subnational entities]] such as provinces, states or territories, apart from its local government. The spirit of the provinces however still lives on, and there is fierce rivalry exhibited in sporting and cultural events. Since 1876, [[local government]] has administered the various regions of New Zealand. In 1989, the government completely reorganised local government, implementing the current two-tier structure of [[Regions of New Zealand|regional councils]] and [[Territorial Authorities of New Zealand|territorial authorities]].
In 1920, the "Sacred Garden" was created in the courtyard adjacent to the stone church, and in 1925 the full restoration of the Serra Chapel was completed. Father O'Sullivan died in 1933 and was buried in the Mission [[cemetery]]. His tomb lies at the foot of a [[Celtic cross]] the Father himself erected as a [[memorial]] to the Mission's builders. In 1937 representatives of the U.S. [[National Park Service|National Park Service's]] [[Historic American Buildings Survey]], as a part of the [http://www.cr.nps.gov/local-law/FHPL_HistSites.pdf Historic Sites Act of 1935], surveyed and photographed the grounds and structures extensively. Their efforts laid the groundwork for future excavation and reconstruction of the west wing industrial complex.
Today New Zealand has 12 regional councils for the administration of environmental and transport matters and 74 territorial authorities that administer roading, sewerage, building consents, and other local matters. The territorial authorities are 16 city councils, 57 district councils, and the Chatham Islands County Council. Four of the territorial councils (one city and three districts) and the Chatham Islands County Council also perform the functions of a regional council and thus are known as [[unitary authority|unitary authorities]]. Territorial authority districts are not subdivisions of regional council districts, and a few of them straddle regional council boundaries.
The prestigious [[World Monuments Fund]] placed "The Great Stone Church" on its ''List of 100 Most Endangered Sites'' in 2002. The most recent series of [[seismic]] retrofits at the Mission were completed in 2004.
[[Regions of New Zealand|Regions]] are (asterisks denote unitary authorities): [[Northland (region), New Zealand|Northland]], [[Auckland (region)|Auckland]], [[Waikato]], [[Bay of Plenty]], [[Gisborne]]*, [[Hawke's Bay (region)|Hawke's Bay]], [[Taranaki]], [[Manawatu-Wanganui]], [[Wellington Region|Wellington]], [[Marlborough, New Zealand|Marlborough]]*, [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]]*, [[Tasman, New Zealand|Tasman]]*, [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]], [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]], [[Otago]], [[Southland, New Zealand|Southland]], [[Chatham Islands]]*.
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==Mission industries==
As a major [[Pacific Ocean|South Pacific]] nation, New Zealand has a close working relationship with many [[Pacific Island]] nations, and continues a political association with the [[Cook Islands]], [[Niue]], and [[Tokelau]]. New Zealand operates [[Scott Base]] in its [[Antarctica|Antarctic]] territory, the [[Ross Dependency]]. Other countries also use Christchurch to support their Antarctic bases and the city is sometimes known as the "Gateway to Antarctica".
[[Image:Brand-mission san juan capistrano.png|thumb|300px|The cattle [[Livestock branding|brand]] used at Mission San Juan Capistrano.]]
The goal of the missions was, above all, to become self-sufficient in relatively short order. [[Farming]], therefore, was the most important [[industry]] of any mission. [[Barley]], [[maize]], and [[wheat]] were the principal crops grown at San Juan Capistrano; [[cattle]], [[horses]], [[mules]], [[sheep]], and [[goat]]s were all raised by the hundreds as well. In 1790 the Mission's herd included 7,000 sheep and goats, 2,500 cattle, and 200 mules and horses. [[Olive]]s were grown, cured, and pressed under large stone [[wheel]]s to extract their [[Vegetable oil|oil]], both for use at the Mission and to trade for other goods. [[Grapes]] were also grown and [[fermentation (food)|ferment]]ed into [[wine]] for [[sacramental]] use and again, for trading. The specific variety, called the ''Criolla'' or "[[Mission (grape)|Mission grape]]," was first planted at the Mission in 1779; in 1783, the first wine produced in Alta California emerged from San Juan Capistrano's winery. [[Cereal]] grains were dried and ground by stone into [[flour]]. The Mission's [[kitchen]]s and [[bakery|bakeries]] prepared and served thousands of meals each day. [[Candles]], [[soap]], [[Grease (lubricant)|grease]], and [[ointment]]s were all made from [[tallow]] ([[kitchen rendering|rendered]] [[animal]] [[fat]]) in large [[vat]]s located just outside the west wing. Also situated in this general area were vats for dyeing [[wool]] and [[tanning]] [[leather]], and primitive [[loom]]s for [[weaving]]s. Large ''bodegas'' (warehouses) provided long-term storage for preserved foodstuffs and other treated materials.
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6559.JPG|thumb|300px|right|A view of the [[Catalan forge]]s at Mission San Juan Capistrano, the oldest existing facilities (''circa'' 1790s) of their kind in the State of California. The sign at the lower right-hand corner proclaims the site as being "''...part of Orange County's first industrial complex.''"]]
== Geography ==
{{main|Geography of New Zealand}}
[[Image:Satellite image of New Zealand in December 2002.jpg|left|thumb|200px|A satellite image of New Zealand. [[Lake Taupo]] and [[Mount Ruapehu]] are visible in the centre of the North Island. The Southern Alps and the rain shadow they create are clearly visible in the South Island]]
Three long ''zanjas'' ([[aqueducts]]) ran through the central courtyard and deposited the water they collected into large [[cistern]]s in the industrial area, where it was filtered for drinking and cooking, or dispensed for use in cleaning. The Mission had to fabricate all of its construction materials as well. Workers in the ''carpintería'' ([[carpentry]] shop) used crude methods to shape beams, lintels, and other structural elements; more skilled artisans carved doors, furniture, and wooden implements. For certain applications bricks (''ladrillos'') were fired in [[oven]]s ([[kilns]]) to strengthen them and make them more resistant to the elements; when ''tejas'' (roof tiles) eventually replaced the conventional ''jacal'' roofing (densely-packed reeds) they were placed in the kilns to harden them as well. Glazed ceramic pots, dishes, and canisters were also made in the Mission's kilns.
New Zealand comprises two main islands (called the North and South Islands in English, ''Te-Ika-a-Maui'' and ''Te Wai Pounamu'' in [[Māori language|Māori]]) and a number of [[Islands of New Zealand|smaller islands]]. The total land area, 268,680 [[square kilometre]]s (103,738 [[square mile|sq miles]]), is a little less than that of Italy and [[Japan]], and a little more than the [[United Kingdom]]. The country extends more than 1600 kilometres (1000 miles) along its main, north-north-east axis, with approximately 15,134 km of coastline. The most significant of the smaller inhabited islands include [[Stewart Island/Rakiura]]; [[Waiheke Island]], in Auckland's [[Hauraki Gulf]]; [[Great Barrier Island]], east of the Hauraki Gulf; and the [[Chatham Islands]], named ''Rēkohu'' by [[Moriori]]. The country has extensive marine resources, with the seventh-largest [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] in the world, covering over four million square kilometres (1.5 million sq mi), more than 15 times its land area.<ref name="mfe">Ministry for the Environment. 2005. Offshore Options: Managing Environmental Effects in New Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone. [http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/offshore-options-jun05/html/page3.html Introduction]</ref>
Prior to the arrival of the missions, the native peoples knew only how to utilize bone, seashells, stone, and wood for building, tool making, weapons, and so forth. The [[foundry]] at Mission San Juan Capistrano was the first to introduce the Indians to the [[Iron Age]]. The [[blacksmith]] used the Mission’s [[Catalan forge|Catalan furnaces]] (California’s first) to [[smelt]] and fashion [[iron]] into everything from basic tools and hardware (such as [[nails]]) to crosses, gates, hinges, even [[cannon]] for Mission defense. Iron was one commodity in particular that the Mission relied solely on trade to acquire, as the missionaries had neither the know-how nor the technology to [[mining|mine]] and process [[metal]] [[ore]]s.
The [[South Island]] is the largest land mass, and is divided along its length by the [[Southern Alps]], the highest peak of which is [[Aoraki/Mount Cook]] at 3754 [[metre]]s (12,316 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]). There are 18 peaks of more than 3000 metres (9800 ft) in the South Island. The [[North Island]] is less mountainous than the South, but is marked by volcanism. The tallest North Island mountain, [[Mount Ruapehu]] (2797 m / 9176 ft), is an active cone [[volcano]]. The dramatic and varied landscape of New Zealand has made it a popular ___location for the production of [[television program|television programmes]] and [[film]]s, including the [[The Lord of the Rings film trilogy|''Lord of the Rings'' trilogy]].
==The Mission bells==
[[Image:Aoraki-Mount Cook from Hooker Valley.jpg|right|thumb|220px|[[Aoraki/Mount Cook]] is the tallest mountain in New Zealand.]]
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6548.JPG|thumb|300px|right|A view of Mission San Juan Capistrano's "Sacred Garden" that was developed in 1920. The four-bell ''campanario'' was erected a year after the bell tower at "The Great Stone Church" was toppled in the 1812 earthquake.]]
The [[climate]] throughout the country is mild, mostly [[temperate climate|cool temperate to warm temperate]], with temperatures rarely falling below 0°[[Celsius|C]] (32°[[Fahrenheit|F]]) or rising above 30°C (86°F). Conditions vary from wet and cold on the [[West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast]] of the [[South Island]] to dry and [[continental climate|continental]] in the [[Mackenzie Basin]] of inland [[Canterbury, New Zealand|Canterbury]] and almost [[subtropical]] in [[North Auckland Peninsula|Northland]]. Of the main cities, Christchurch is the driest, receiving only some 640 mm (25 [[inch|in]]) of rain per year. Auckland, the wettest, receives almost twice that amount.
Bells were vitally important to daily life at any mission. The bells were rung at mealtimes, to call the Mission residents to work and to religious services, during births and funerals, to signal the approach of a ship or returning missionary, and at other times. All four of Mission San Juan Capistrano's bells are named and all bear inscriptions as follows (from the largest to the smallest; inscriptions are translated from [[Latin]]):
== Flora and fauna ==
{{main|New Zealand animals|New Zealand plants|Biodiversity of New Zealand|List of extinct New Zealand animals}}
<!--un-comment when expanded [[Image:Kiwi.jpg|100px|right|thumb|The [[kiwi]], a flightless bird, is one of New Zealand's most famous species and a national icon.]]-->
[[Image:Two_Kauri_Trees.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Crowns of two kauri trees]]
Because of its long isolation from the rest of the world and its island [[biogeography]], New Zealand has extraordinary [[flora]] and [[fauna]]. About 80% of the New Zealand flora occurs only in New Zealand, including more than 40 [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] [[genus|genera]].<ref name="allan1982">Allan, H.H. 1982. ''Indigenous Tracheophyta - Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledons'', Flora of New Zealand Volume I. Botany Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research</ref> The two main types of forest have been dominated by [[podocarp]]s including the giant [[kauri]] and [[southern beech]]. The remaining vegetation types in New Zealand are grasslands of [[tussock]] and other grasses, usually in sub-alpine areas, and the low shrublands between grasslands and forests.
* "''Praised by [[Jesus]], '''San Vicente'''. In honor of the Reverend Fathers, Ministers (of the Mission) Fray Vicente Fuster, and Fray Juan Santiago, 1796.''"
Until the arrival of humans, 80% of the land was [[forest]]ed and, barring three species of [[bat]] (one now extinct), there were no non-marine [[mammal]]s. Instead, New Zealand's forests were inhabited by a diverse range of birds including the flightless [[Moa (bird)|moa]] (now extinct), and the [[kiwi]], [[kakapo]], and [[Takahe|takahē]], all endangered by human actions. Unique birds capable of flight include the [[Haast's eagle]], which was the world's largest [[bird of prey]] (now extinct), and the large [[kākā]] and [[kea]] [[parrot]]s. Reptiles present in New Zealand include [[skink]]s, [[gecko]]s and [[tuatara]]. There are four endemic species of [[New Zealand primitive frog|primitive frogs]]. There are no [[snake]]s and only one [[venomous]] [[spider]], the [[katipo]], which is rare and restricted to coastal regions. However, there are many species of insects, including the [[weta]], one species of which may grow as large as a [[house mouse]] and is the heaviest insect in the world.
* "''Hail Mary most pure. Ruelas made me, and my name is '''San Juan''', 1796.''"
* "''Hail Mary most pure, '''San Antonio''', 1804.''"
* "''Hail Mary most pure, '''San Rafael''', 1804.''"
In the aftermath of the 1812 earthquake, the two largest bells cracked and split open. Due to this damage neither produced clear tones. Regardless, they were hung in the campanario that went up the following year.
New Zealand has led the world in clearing offshore islands of introduced mammalian pests and reintroducing rare native species to ensure their survival. A more recent development is the mainland [[ecological island]].
On [[March 22]], [[1969]] [[Richard Nixon|President Richard M. Nixon]] and [[First Lady]] [[Patricia Nixon]] visited the Mission and rang the Bell of San Rafael. A bronze plaque commemorating the event is set in the bell wall. In celebration of the new Mission church being elevated to minor basilica status in 2000, exact duplicates of the damaged bells were cast in the [[Netherlands]], utilizing molds made from the originals. The replacement bells were placed in the bell wall and the old ones put on display within the footprint of the destroyed Mission ''campanile'' ("bell tower").
== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of New Zealand}}
=="The return of the swallows"==
[[Image:DowntownAucklandNight.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Auckland]], the economic capital of the country, with the [[Sky Tower]] in the background.]]
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano 4-5-05 100 6552.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Looking down the [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] at Mission San Juan Capistrano's old adobe chapel. Cliff Swallows, annual visitors to the Mission, typically build their nests here. Note that much of the [[plaster]] finish has come off, exposing the [[brick]]s beneath to the elements.]]
New Zealand has a modern developed economy with an estimated GDP of $97.39 billion (2005).
The [[Cliff Swallow]] (''Petrochelidon pyrrhonota'') is a [[migratory]] bird that spends its winters in [[Goya, Corrientes|Goya]], [[Argentina]] but makes the 6,000-mile trek north to the warmer climes of the [[American Southwest]] in springtime. According to legend the birds, who have visited the San Juan Capistrano area every Summer for centuries, first took refuge at the Mission when an irate innkeeper began destroying their mud nests. The Mission's ___location near two [[river]]s made it an ideal ___location for the swallows to nest, as there was a constant supply of the [[insect]]s on which they feed, and the young birds are well-protected inside the ruins of the old stone church.
The country has a high standard of living with GDP per capita estimated at $25,200 (comparative figures are Australia $31,900 and United States $41,800). The standard of living has also been measured in other forms, including being ranked 19th on the 2005 Human Development Index and 15th in The Economist's 2005 world-wide quality-of-life index.
Father O'Sullivan made note of the birds' annual habit of nesting beneath the Mission's eaves and archways, from Spring through Fall, during his two decades in residence. On [[March 13]], [[1939]] a popular radio program was broadcast live from the Mission grounds, announcing the swallows' return. Composer [[Leon René]] was so inspired by the event that he penned the song ''When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano'' in tribute.<ref>Leffingwell, p. 39</ref> During its initial release the song spent several weeks atop the ''[[Your Hit Parade]]'' charts. The song has been recorded by such musicians as [[The Ink Spots]], [[Fred Waring]], [[Guy Lombardo]], and [[Glenn Miller]]. A glassed-off room in the Mission has been designated in René's honor and displays the upright piano on which he composed the tune, the reception desk from his office and several copies of the song's sheet music and other pieces of furniture, all donated by René's family.
The [[Tertiary sector of industry|tertiary sector]] is the largest sector in the economy and constitutes 67.6% of GDP, followed by the [[Secondary sector of industry|secondary sector]] on 27.8% and the [[Primary sector of industry|primary sector]] on 4.7% (2005 estimate).
Each year the City of San Juan Capistrano sponsors the ''Fiesta de las Golondrinas'', a week-long celebration of this auspicious event. Tradition has it that the main [[flock]] arrives on [[March 19]] (''[[Saint Joseph|Saint Joseph's Day]]''), and flies south on ''[[Giovanni da Capistrano|Saint John's Day]]'', [[October 23]].
New Zealand is a country heavily dependent on trade, particularly in agricultural products, as almost 20% of the country's [[Output (economics)|output]] is exported (by comparison it is 21% for the United Kingdom, 49% for Finland and 83% for Belgium). This leaves New Zealand particularly vulnerable to slumps in commodity prices and global [[Recession|economic slowdowns]]. Its principal export industries are agriculture, horticulture, fishing and forestry making up about half of the country's exports. Its major export partners are Australia 22.4%, US 11.3%, Japan 11.2%, China 9.7%, Germany 5.2% (2004). This is a dramatic change from 1965 when the United Kingdom received over half of New Zealand’s exports.
<br>
Traditionally, New Zealand enjoyed a high standard of living with stable commodity exports, based not least on a strong relationship with the United Kingdom. In 1973 the United Kingdom joined the then [[European Community]] and began to adhere to its trade policy and at the same time other factors such as the oil crises undermined the viability of the New Zealand economy. This lead to a protracted and very severe economic crisis, during which living standards in New Zealand fell behind those of Australia and Western Europe.
::::::::::::'''''When the swallows come back to Capistrano'''''
Since [[1984]], successive governments have engaged in major [[macroeconomic]] restructuring, transforming New Zealand from a highly protectionist and regulated economy to a liberalised [[free-trade]] economy. Pursuant to this policy, during the late [[1980s]] and early [[1990s]], the New Zealand Government sold a number of former government owned enterprises including its [[telecommunications]] company, [[Rail transport in New Zealand|railway network]], a number of [[radio station]]s, and two financial institutions. However, the New Zealand Government continues to own a number of significant businesses, collectively known as [[State-Owned Enterprises of New Zealand|State-Owned Enterprises]] (SOEs). These SOEs are operated through arms-length shareholding arrangements and are required to operate profitably, just like any privately-owned enterprises.
::::::::::::'''''That's the day you promised to come back to me'''''
::::::::::::'''''When you whispered, "Farewell," in Capistrano'''''
::::::::::::''''''twas the day the swallows flew out to sea'''''
:::::::::::::<small>excerpt from "When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano" by Leon René</small>
The current New Zealand government's economic objectives are centred on pursuing free-trade agreements and building a "[[knowledge economy]]". In [[2004]] the government began discussing a free trade agreement with the [[People's Republic of China]], one of the first countries to do so.
==Other historic designations==
In recent years, New Zealand has been perceived as a vigorous economy and attracted international attention. After the economic restructuring of the 1980s, the New Zealand economy sank into a recession starting with the sharemarket crash in October 1987. The recession deepened in the early 1990s when unemployment topped 10%. However in 1993 the economy rebounded smartly and apart from a smaller recession in the late 1990s, New Zealand enjoyed a substantial economic boom up until 2005. New Zealand’s unemployment rate is now the second lowest of the 27 OECD nations with comparable data. South Korea stayed in first place at 3.4%, while Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands dropped below 4% and the OECD average fell to 6.1%.
* [[California Historical Landmark]] [http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=21445 #227] — Diego Sepúlveda Adobe ''Estancia''
* [http://www.asminternational.org/Content/NavigationMenu/Membership/AwardsProgram/HistoricalLandmarks/Landmarks.htm ASM International Historical Landmark] (1988) — "Metalworking Furnaces"
* [http://wmf.org/html/programs/ussanj.html World Monuments Fund ''List of 100 Most Endangered Sites''] (2002) — "The Great Stone Church"
==Notes==
Ongoing economic challenges for New Zealand include a current account deficit of 9% of GDP ([http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU0603/S00370.htm]), slow development of non-commodity exports, tepid growth of labour productivity, and an unofficial poverty rate of about twenty percent.
[[Image:San Juan Capistrano circa 1910 William Amos Haines.jpg|thumb|300px|right|An overall view of "The Mission of the Swallow" around the time of Father St. John O'Sullivan's arrival in 1910.]]
[[Image:Fray Engelhardt SJC 1915.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Clerical historian Father [[Zephyrin Engelhardt]], O.F.M. visits Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1915.]]
== Demographics ==
{{main|Demographics of New Zealand}}
<references/>
New Zealand has a population of about 4.1 million. About 80% [http://www.stats.govt.nz/products-and-services/Articles/census-snpsht-cult-diversity-Mar02.htm] of the population are of European descent. New Zealanders of European descent are collectively known as [[Pākehā]] - this term is used variously and some Māori use it to refer to all non-Māori New Zealanders. Most European New Zealanders are of [[United Kingdom|British]] ancestry, with smaller percentages of [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]], [[South Slavs|South Slav]] or [[Italian people|Italian]] ancestry. <!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD YOUR ETHNIC GROUP HERE. THESE ARE THE LARGEST GROUPS IN THE CENSUS. -->[http://www.stats.govt.nz/quick-facts/people/religion-and-ethnicity.htm] Indigenous [[Māori]] people are the largest non-European ethnic group (the percentage of the population of full or part-Māori ancestry is 14.7%; those who checked Māori only are 7.9%). Between the 1996 and 2001 census, the number of people of Asian origin (6.6%) overtook the number of people of [[Pacific Island]] origin (6.5%) (note that the census allowed multiple ethnic affiliations). New Zealand has relatively open immigration policies; its government is committed to increasing its population by about 1% annually. At present, immigrants from the [[United Kingdom]] constitute the largest single group (30%) but immigrants are drawn from many nations, and increasingly from [[East Asia]].
==References==
According to the 2001 census [[Christianity]] is the predominant religion with around 60% identification. Around 30% identified that they were "non-religious", and 6% objected to answering, leaving only 4% for other religions. The main [[Christianity|Christian]] denominations are [[Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia|Anglicanism]], [[Roman Catholic Church in New Zealand|Roman Catholicism]], [[Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand|Presbyterianism]] and [[Methodist Church of New Zealand|Methodism]]. There are also significant numbers who identify themselves with [[Pentecostal]] and [[Baptist Union of New Zealand|Baptist]] churches and with the [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|LDS (Mormon)]] church. The New Zealand-based [[Ratana]] church has many adherents among Māori. According to [[Demographics of New Zealand|census figures]], other significant minority religions include [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], [[Islam in New Zealand|Islam]], and [[Judaism]].
[[Image:MSJC_by_John_Gutzon-Borglum.jpg|thumb|300px|An 1894 painting by [[Fred Behre]] and [[Gutzon Borglum|John Gutzon Borglum]] depicts the intact Mission. Watercolor and gouache.]]
<!-- PLEASE DO NOT ADD YOUR RELIGION HERE. THESE ARE THE LARGEST GROUPS IN THE CENSUS. -->
* {{cite book|author=Camphouse, Marjorie|year=1974|title=Guidebook to the Missions of California|publisher=Anderson, Ritchie & Simon, Los Angeles, CA|id=ISBN 0-378-03792-7}}
* {{cite book|author=Cathers, David M.|year=1981|title=Furniture of the American Arts and Crafts Movement|publisher=The New American Library, Inc|id=ISBN 0453003974}}
* Chase, J. and Saunders, C. (1974). "Mission San Juan Capistrano." ''American West'' '''40''' (7) 22-29.
* {{cite book|author=Duke, Donald|year=1995|title=Santa Fe: The Railroad Gateway to the American West, Volume One|publisher=Golden West Books, San Marino, CA|id=ISBN 0-87095-110-6}}
* {{cite book|author=Engelhardt, Zephyrin|year=1922|title=San Juan Capistrano Mission|publisher=Standard Printing Co., Los Angeles, CA|id=}}
* {{cite book|author=Kelsey, H.|year=1993|title=Mission San Juan Capistrano: A Pocket History|publisher=Interdisciplinary Research, Inc., Altadena, CA|id=}}
* {{cite book|author=Jones, Roger W.|year=1997|title=California from the Conquistadores to the Legends of Laguna|publisher=Rockledge Enterprises, Laguna Hills, CA|id=}}
* {{cite book|author=Leffingwell, Randy|year=2005|title=California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions|publisher=Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN|id=ISBN 0-89658-492-5}}
* {{cite book|author=Newcomb, Rexford|year=1973|title=The Franciscan Mission Architecture of Alta California|publisher=Dover Publications, Inc., New York, NY|id=ISBN 0-486-21740-X}}
* {{cite book|author=Ruscin, Terry|year=1999|title=Mission Memoirs|publisher=Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA|id=ISBN 0-932653-30-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Wright, Ralph B.|year=1950|title=California's Missions|publisher=Hubert A. and Martha H. Lowman, Arroyo Grande, CA|id=}}
* {{cite book|author=Yenne, Bill|year=2004|title=The Missions of California|publisher=Thunder Bay Press, San Diego, CA|id=ISBN 1-59223-319-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Young, Stanley and Melba Levick|year=1988|title=The Missions of California|publisher=Chronicle Books LLC, San Francisco, CA|id=ISBN 0-8118-3694-0}}
* {{cite web|title=Mission San Juan Capistrano|work=San Juan Capistrano Historical Society|url=http://www.sjchistoricalsociety.com/missionsjc.html|accessdate=March 29|accessyear=2006}}
==See Culture also==
* [[Spanish missions in California]]
{{main|Culture of New Zealand|Māori culture|Cinema of New Zealand}}
* [[Diego Sepúlveda Adobe]]
[[Image:KupeWheke.jpg|right|108px|Late twentieth-century house-post depicting the navigator Kupe fighting two sea creatures.]]
* [[Las Flores Asistencia]]
[[Image:Napier Bagpipe Practice.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Twilight bagpipe band practice, Napier.]]
* [[USNS Mission Capistrano (AO-112)|USNS ''Mission Capistrano'' (AO-112)]] — a [[USNS Mission Buenaventura (AO‑111)|''Mission Buenaventura'']] Class [[Oiler (ship)|fleet oiler]] built during [[World War II]].
Contemporary New Zealand has a diverse culture with influences from English, Scottish, Irish, and Māori cultures, along with those of other European cultures and – more recently – Polynesian (including Samoan, Tongan, Niuean, Cook Islands Māori, Tahitian, and Hawaiian), southern Asian (Indian), Southeast Asian (Filipino, Malaysian, Cambodian, and Vietnamese), and east Asian (Chinese, Korean, and Japanese) cultures. Although primary migration was from [[England]] there were also many people from [[Scotland]] amongst the early British settlers and elements of their culture persist; New Zealand is said to have more [[bagpipe|pipebands]] than Scotland. Cultural links between New Zealand and the United Kingdom are maintained by a common language, sustained migration from the United Kingdom and the fact that many young New Zealanders spend time in the United Kingdom on their "overseas experience" (OE).
==External links==
Pre-European contact Māori culture had no metal tools, relying on stone and wood. Māori culture survives as Māori continue to support and develop their culture on their own terms and conditions - much as any other living and thriving culture does in the world.
[[Image:Basilica San Juan Capistrano 1987.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Basilica at San Juan Capistrano, designed after the "Great Stone Church," in 1987.]]
* [http://www.missionparish.org/ Official parish website]
Use of the Māori language (Te Reo Māori) as a living, community language remained only in a few remote areas in the post-war years, but is currently undergoing a renaissance, thanks in part to Māori language medium schools and a [[Māori Television]] channel after being set up from recommendations set down by the Waitangi Tribunal. Māori Television is the only nationwide television channel to have the majority of its prime time content delivered in Māori (sometimes with sub-titles in English). Māori Television is also the only television channel that tries to generate new content in Māori and subtitles English programmes in Māori. None of the other television channels present a substantial number of Māori programmes, or subtitle English language programmes in Māori, despite the fact that it is an official language equal to English.
* [http://www.mymission.org/images/juancap.gif Elevation & Site Layout sketches of the Mission proper]
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhdatapage&fileName=ca/ca0400/ca0449/data/hhdatapage.db&recNum=0&itemLink=D?hh:73:./temp/~ammem_y9wL:: Historic American Buildings Survey/Historic American Engineering Record]
New Zealand's landscape has appeared in a number of [[television program|television programmes]] and [[List of New Zealand Feature Films|films]]. In particular, the television series ''[[Hercules: The Legendary Journeys]]'' and ''[[Xena: Warrior Princess]]'' were filmed around [[Auckland]], and the film ''[[Heavenly Creatures]]'' in [[Christchurch, New Zealand|Christchurch]]. The television series ''[[The Tribe]]'' is set and filmed in New Zealand. New Zealand director [[Peter Jackson]] shot the epic [[The Lord of the Rings film trilogy|''The Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy]] in various locations around the country, taking advantage of the spectacular and relatively unspoiled landscapes, and [[Mount Taranaki]] was used as a stand-in for [[Mount Fuji]] in ''[[The Last Samurai]]''. The latest major movies shot in New Zealand are ''[[King Kong (2005 film)|King Kong]]'' and ''[[The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe]]''. New Zealand has also become a popular filming site for Indian movie makers.
* [http://virtualguidebooks.com/SouthCalif/LosAngeles/Capistrano/CapistranoStoneChurch.html Virtual Reality Panorama of "The Ruined Stone Church"]
* [http://virtualguidebooks.com/SouthCalif/LosAngeles/Capistrano/CapistranoColonnade.html Virtual Reality Panorama of the "Cloister Colonnade at Mission San Juan Capistrano"]
[[Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu]] is the longest Māori word. It is the name of a hill in the [[Hawke's Bay]] region of the North Island. The Guinness Book of World Records lists this as the longest geographical name in the world.
* [http://virtualguidebooks.com/SouthCalif/LosAngeles/Capistrano/CapistranoCourtyard.html Virtual Reality Panorama of "The Inner Courtyard"]
* [http://virtualguidebooks.com/SouthCalif/LosAngeles/Capistrano/CapistranoSerraChapel.html Virtual Reality Panorama of "Father Serra's Chapel"]
[[New Zealand music]] is a vibrant expression of the culture of New Zealand. As the largest nation in [[Polynesia]], New Zealand's music is influenced by the indigenous [[Māori]] and immigrants from the Pacific region. The origins of New Zealand's musical culture lie in its British colonial history, with contributions from Europe and America. Local artists have mixed these styles with local influences to create music that is uniquely New Zealand in style.
* [http://www.missionsjc.com/pdf/edu/DailyLife.pdf Daily Life at Mission San Juan Capistrano] ([[PDF]])
* [http://www.missionsjc.com/pdf/edu/MissionIndians.pdf Indians of the Mission] ([[PDF]])
== Sports ==
* [http://www.octhen.com/Landmarks/Mission/lca/index.htm "Little Chapters about San Juan Capistrano" by Father St. John O'Sullivan, 1912]
{{main|Sport in New Zealand}}
* [http://www.webroots.org/library/usahist/ca/cahaoto0.html "Chinigchinich; a Historical Account of the Origin, Customs, and Traditions of the Indians at the Missionary Establishment of St. Juan Capistrano, Alta California Called The Acagchemem Nation" by The Reverend Father Friar Gerónimo Boscana, 1846]
New Zealand's national sport is [[rugby union]], with other popular [[sport]]s including, [[cricket]], [[netball]], [[lawn bowling]], [[football (soccer)|soccer]]<!----soccer is the most commonly used name in New Zealand, do not change it to say football----> (perhaps surprisingly, the most popular football code in terms of participation in New Zealand) and [[rugby league]]. Also popular are [[golf]], [[tennis]], [[cycling]] and a variety of [[Water sport (recreation)|water sports]], particularly [[surfing]], [[sailing]], [[whitewater kayaking]], [[Surf Life Saving New Zealand|surf lifesaving skills]] and [[Sport rowing|rowing]]. In the latter, New Zealand enjoyed an extraordinary [[magic 45 minutes]] when winning four successive gold medals at the 2005 world championships. Snow sports such as [[skiing]] and [[snowboarding]] are also popular. Equestrian sportsmen and sportswomen make their mark in the world, with [[Mark Todd (equestrian)|Mark Todd]] being chosen international "Horseman of the Century", and many juniors at [[New Zealand Pony Clubs Association|pony club]] level.
* [http://www.juaneno.com/ Official website of the Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemem Nation]
{|
===Olympic Games===
[[Image:CHS.J3074.jpg|thumb|300px|left|One of the earliest examples of "Mission Revival Style" architecture, the Sante Fe Railway depot in San Juan Capistrano (with its 40-foot high dome and bell) was considered to be one of the railroad's finest when it was completed on October 8, 1894.]]
The country is internationally recognised for performing extremely well on a medals-to-population ratio at [[Olympic Games]] and [[Commonwealth Games]]. See, for example, [[New Zealand Olympic medallists]] and [[New Zealand at the 2004 Summer Olympics]].
|
[[Image:Mission San Juan Capistrano circa 1921.jpg|thumb|300px|right|This ''circa'' 1921 view of the Mission San Juan Capistrano complex documents the restoration work that was already well underway by that time. The perimeter garden wall, including the ornate entranceway, is an early-20th century addition.]]
===Rugby union===
{{main|Rugby union in New Zealand}}
[[Rugby union]] is closely linked to New Zealand's national identity. The national rugby team, the [[All Blacks]], has the best winning record of any national team. They hosted and won the inaugural [[1987 Rugby World Cup|Rugby World Cup]] in 1987 (and New Zealand will host the [[2011 Rugby Union World Cup|2011 world cup]]). Variations of the phrase "All Black" have been adapted by several other national sporting codes such as the [[basketball]] team (the [[Tall Blacks]]), the [[cricket]] team ([[Black Caps]]) and the [[Field Hockey|hockey]] team ([[Black Sticks]]). The [[football (soccer)|soccer]] team is called the [[All Whites]]. New Zealand's national sporting colours are black and white (silver). The [[silver fern]] is a national emblem worn by New Zealanders representing their country in sport and also features as the name of New Zealand's highly successful national [[netball]] team, the [[Silver Ferns]]. The [[haka]], a traditional [[Māori]] challenge, is often performed at sporting events and the All Blacks traditionally perform a haka before the start of international matches. See [[Haka of the All Blacks]].
===Yachting and the America's Cup===
New Zealand is one of the leading nations in world yachting, especially open-water long-distance or round-the-world races. Round-the-world yachtsman [[Peter Blake (yachtsman)|Sir Peter Blake]] was a national hero. In inshore yachting, [[Auckland]] hosted the last two [[America's Cup]] regattas ([[2000]] and [[2003]]). In 2000, [[Team New Zealand]] successfully defended the trophy they had won in [[1995]] in [[San Diego]], which made them the only team outside the [[United States]] to successfully defend a challenge, but in 2003 they lost to a team headed by [[Ernesto Bertarelli]] of [[Switzerland]], whose [[Alinghi]] syndicate was skippered by [[Russell Coutts]], the former skipper of Team New Zealand.
Team New Zealand will compete for the America's Cup at the [[2007 America's Cup|next regatta]] in [[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] in [[2007]]. The team manager is [[Grant Dalton]].
== Public holidays ==
{{main|Holidays in New Zealand}}
There are two types of public holidays in New Zealand:
*Statutory Holidays, which are legislated by law;
*Provincial Anniversary Days, which commemorate the founding of the province or an early settlement event.
Under current legislation, workers who work on a public holiday must be given equivalent time off on another day, and be paid [[time-and-a-half]].
== International rankings ==
===Political and economic rankings===
[[Image:World Map Index of perception of corruption.png|thumb|right|300px|New Zealand is one of the least corrupt countries in the world, according to [[Transparency International]].]]
*[[Freedom in the World 2006|Political freedom]] ratings - Free; political rights and civil liberties both rated 1 (the highest score available)
**[[Reporters Without Borders#Worldwide press freedom index|Press freedom]] - 12th freest in the world at 2.00
*[[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|GDP per capita]] - 27th highest in the world at [[International dollar|I$]]24,769
*[[List of countries by Human Development Index|Human Development Index]] - 19th highest in world at 0.933
*[[List of countries by income equality|Income Equality]] - 53rd most equal in world at 36.2 ([[Gini Index]])
*[[List of countries by literacy rate|Literacy Rate]] - Equal first with a ranking of 99.9%
*[[List of countries by unemployment rate|Unemployment rate]] - 22nd lowest in the world at 3.40%
*[[Corruption Perceptions Index|Corruption]] - 2nd equal least corrupt in world at 9.6 on index
*[[Index of Economic Freedom|Economic Freedom]] - 9th equal freest at 1.84 on index
===Health rankings===
*[[List of countries and territories by fertility rate|Fertility rate]]- 140th most fertile in the world at 1.79 per woman
**[[List of countries by birth rate|Birth rate]] - 140th most births in the world at 13.90 per 1000 people
***[[List of countries by infant mortality rate (2005)|Infant mortality]] - 192nd most deaths in the world at 5.85 per 1000 live births
*[[List of countries by death rate|Death rate]] - 115th highest death rate in the world at 7.52 per 1000 people
*[[List of countries by life expectancy|Life Expectancy]] - 22nd highest in the world at 78.81 years
**[[List of countries by suicide rate|Suicide Rate]] - 35th highest suicide rate in the world at 19.8 for males and 4.2 for females
*[[List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate|HIV/AIDS rate]] - 149th most cases in the world at 0.10%
===Other rankings===
*[[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions per capita|CO<sub>2</sub> emissions]] - 32nd highest emissions in world at 8.7 tonnes per capita
*[[List of countries by electricity consumption|Electricity Consumption]] - 48th highest consumption of electricity in world at 37,030,000,000 kWh
*[[Broadband Internet access worldwide#Broadband subscribers in OECD countries|Broadband uptake]] - 22nd highest uptake in [[OECD]] at 8.1%
*[[Beer consumption by country|Beer consumption]] - 16th highest at 77.0 litres per capita
== See also ==
{| align="center" id="toc" cellspacing="0"
|- bgcolor="#FFEFD5"
| colspan="2" align="center" | '''[[List of New Zealand-related topics|Topics in New Zealand]]'''
|-
! align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | [[History of New Zealand|History]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small> [[timeline of New Zealand history|Timeline]] | [[Treaty of Waitangi]] | [[New Zealand land wars|Land Wars]] | [[Military history of New Zealand|Military history]] | [[Timeline of New Zealand's links with Antarctica|Antarctic history]] | [[Independence of New Zealand|Independence]] </small>
|-
! align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Geography of New Zealand|Geography]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small>[[Time in New Zealand|Time]] | [[National parks of New Zealand|National Parks]] | [[Marine reserves of New Zealand|Marine reserves]] | [[List of islands of New Zealand|Islands]] | [[List of New Zealand lakes|Lakes]] | [[List of rivers of New Zealand|Rivers]] | [[List of caves of New Zealand|Caves]] | [[List of cities in New Zealand|Cities]] | [[List of towns in New Zealand|Towns]] | [[Biodiversity of New Zealand|Biodiversity]] </small>
|- align="center"
! align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Politics of New Zealand|Politics]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small> [[New Zealand constitution|Constitution]] | [[Queen of New Zealand|Queen]] | [[New Zealand Parliament|Parliament]] |[[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]] | [[Political parties in New Zealand|Political parties]] | [[New Zealand elections|Elections]] | [[Supreme Court of New Zealand|Supreme Court]] | [[Foreign relations of New Zealand|Foreign relations]]
</small>
|- align="center"
! align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Economy of New Zealand|Economy]]
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small>[[Transport in New Zealand|Transport]] | [[Rogernomics]] | [[Tourism in New Zealand|Tourism]] | [[List of New Zealand companies|Companies]] | [[Communications in New Zealand|Communications]] </small>
|- align="center"
! align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | [[Culture of New Zealand|Culture]]
|align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small> [[Māori culture]] | [[New Zealand English|English]] | [[New Zealand cinema|Cinema]] | [[New Zealand literature|Literature]] | [[Music of New Zealand|Music]] | [[Education in New Zealand|Education]] | [[Sport in New Zealand|Sport]] | [[Holidays in New Zealand|Holidays]]</small>
|- align="center"
! align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | [[List of cities in New Zealand|Main cities]]
|align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small> [[Wellington]] <small><small>(capital)</small></small> | [[Auckland]] <small><small>(largest)</small></small> | [[Christchurch]] | [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] | [[Dunedin]] | [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]]-[[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]] | [[Tauranga]] </small>
|- align="center"
|align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | Other
| align="left" style="vertical-align: top;" | <small> [[List of New Zealanders]] | [[New Zealand Honours System|Honours System]] </small>
|}
{{California Missions}}
[[Category:1776 establishments]]
== References ==
[[Category:1782 architecture]]
<!-- dead references: * {{mnb|McGlone1999|1}}McGlone, S.M. and Wilmshurst, J.M. 1999. Dating initial Māori environmental impact in New Zealand. ''Quaternary International'' 59:5 - 16-->
[[Category:Basilica churches in North America|San Juan Capistrano]]
<div class=references-small><references/></div>
[[Category:California Historical Landmarks]]
[[Category:California missions]]
== External links ==
[[Category:Orange County, California]]
[[Category:Registered Historic Places in California]]
{{Wikimapia|-41967659|174726563|5|New Zealand}}
[[Category:NRHP theme - religious]]
{{wikitravelpar|New_Zealand}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange]]
[[Category:Minor basilica churches]]
{{sisterlinks|New Zealand}}
* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/ Te Ara, the Encyclopedia of New Zealand]
* [http://www.mch.govt.nz/ Ministry for Culture and Heritage] - includes information on flag, anthems and coat of arms.
* [http://www.govt.nz/ New Zealand Government Portal]
* [http://digital.library.unt.edu/govdocs/crs/search.tkl?q=new+zealand&search_crit=title&search=Search&date1=Anytime&date2=Anytime&type=form Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding New Zealand]
* [http://www.metservice.co.nz/ New Zealand weather]
* [http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/ NZHistory.net.nz New Zealand history website]
* [http://www.stats.govt.nz/ Statistics New Zealand] - Official statistics.
* [http://www.newzealand.com/ Tourism New Zealand]
{{portal}}
{{New Zealand}}
{{Commonwealth Realms}}
{{Polynesia}}
{{APEC}}
{{Countries and territories of Oceania}}
<!--Categories-->
[[Category:New Zealand| ]]
[[Category:Members of the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:Former British colonies]]
[[Category:Oceanian countries]]
[[Category:Polynesia]]
[[Category:Island countries]]
[[Category:English-speaking countries]]
[[Category:Constitutional monarchies]]
<!--Interwiki-->
{{Link FA|el}}
<!--Other languages-->
[[af:Nieu-Seeland]]
[[als:Neuseeland]]
[[ang:Nīwe Sǣland]]
[[ar:نيوزيلندا]]
[[an:Nueba Zelanda]]
[[zh-min-nan:Aotearoa]]
[[bs:Novi Zeland]]
[[bg:Нова Зеландия]]
[[ca:Nova Zelanda]]
[[cs:Nový Zéland]]
[[cy:Seland Newydd]]
[[da:New Zealand]]
[[de:Neuseeland]]
[[et:Uus-Meremaa]]
[[el:Νέα Ζηλανδία]]
[[es:Nueva Zelanda]]
[[eo:Nov-Zelando]]
[[eu:Zeelanda Berria]]
[[fa:زلاند نو]]
[[fr:Nouvelle-Zélande]]
[[ga:An Nua-Shéalainn]]
[[gl:Nova Celandia - New Zealand]]
[[ko:뉴질랜드]]
[[hi:न्यूस़ीलैंड]]
[[hr:Novi Zeland]]
[[io:Nova-Zelando]]
[[id:Selandia Baru]]
[[is:Nýja-Sjáland]]
[[it:Nuova Zelanda]]
[[he:ניו זילנד]]
[[kw:Mordir Nowydh]]
[[ht:Nouvèl Zelann]]
[[la:Nova Zelandia]]
[[lv:Jaunzēlande]]
[[lt:Naujoji Zelandija]]
[[li:Nui-Zieland]]
[[lij:Neuva Selanda]]
[[hu:Új-Zéland]]
[[mk:Нов Зеланд]]
[[mi:Aotearoa]]
[[ms:New Zealand]]
[[na:New Zealand]]
[[nl:Nieuw-Zeeland]]
[[ka:ახალი ზელანდია]]
[[ja:ニュージーランド]]
[[no:New Zealand]]
[[nn:New Zealand]]
[[nrm:Nouvelle Zélande]]
[[oc:Nòva Zelanda]]
[[ug:يېڭى زېلاندىيە]]
[[nds:Niegseeland]]
[[pl:Nowa Zelandia]]
[[pt:Nova Zelândia]]
[[ro:Noua Zeelandă]]
[[ru:Новая Зеландия]]
[[sm:Nusila]]
[[sco:New Zealand]]
[[se:Ođđa-Selánda]]
[[sq:Zelanda e Re]]
[[simple:New Zealand]]
[[sk:Nový Zéland]]
[[sl:Nova Zelandija]]
[[sr:Нови Зеланд]]
[[sh:Novi Zeland]]
[[su:Selandia Baru]]
[[fi:Uusi-Seelanti]]
[[sv:Nya Zeeland]]
[[tl:New Zealand]]
[[ta:நியூசிலாந்து]]
[[th:ประเทศนิวซีแลนด์]]
[[vi:New Zealand]]
[[tpi:Niusilan]]
[[tr:Yeni Zelanda]]
[[uk:Нова Зеландія]]
[[uz:Yangi Zelandiya]]
[[wa:Nouve Zelande]]
[[yi:ניי זיילאנד]]
[[zh-yue:紐西蘭]]
[[zh:新西兰]]
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