Grant Wood and Mesomeric effect: Difference between pages

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The '''mesomeric effect''' or '''resonance effect''' in [[chemistry]] is a property of [[substituent]]s or [[functional group]]s in a [[chemical compound]]. The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing or releasing properties of substituents based on relevant [[resonance structure]]s and is symbolized by the letter '''M'''. The mesomeric effect is negative ('''-M''') when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group and the effect is positive ('''+M''') when based on resonance the substituent is an electron releasing group.
[[Image:Grant.wood.window.jpg|thumb|right| Stained glass window by Wood in Cedar Rapids, [[Iowa]]]]
 
*Examples of -M substituents: [[acetyl]] (UPAC ethanoyl) - [[nitrile]] - [[nitro]]
'''Grant Wood''' ([[February 13]], [[1892]] - [[February 12]], [[1942]]) was a [[United States]] [[painter]], born in [[Anamosa, Iowa|Anamosa]], [[Iowa]]. He is best known for his paintings depicting the rural American [[Midwest]].
*Examples of +M substituents: [[alcohol]] - [[amine]]
 
The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the [[inductive effect]]. It's important to note that the mesomeric effect as a result of p - orbital overlap (resonance) has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the inductive effect is purely to do with the [[electronegativity]] of the atoms and their structural chemistry (which atoms are connected to which).
Wood's most famous work is his [[1930]] painting "[[American Gothic]]". The two who posed for the painting were Wood's sister, Nan Wood Graham, and the family dentist, Dr. Byron McKeeby. The cottage in the background was located in [[Eldon, Iowa]]. The painting was first exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago where it won a $300 prize. The painting gained instant fame after newspapers across the country reported the story. In current times, the painting is often satirized, though it remains one of the top examples of Regionalism and American Art.
 
The concepts of mesomeric effect, '''mesomerism''' and '''mesomer''' were introduced by [[Christopher Kelk Ingold|Ingold]] in 1938 as an alternative to the [[Linus Pauling|Pauling's]] synonymous concept of [[resonance effect|resonance]] <ref>''If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating?'' Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. '''2006''' 83 223. [http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/Issues/2006/Feb/abs223.html Abstract]</ref>. Mesomerism is in this context is often encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term resonance dominates.
Wood founded the [[Stone City art colony]] in 1933, near his hometown. He became a great proponent of regionalism in the arts, lecturing throughout the country on the topic. He is considered [[Cedar Rapids, Iowa|Cedar Rapids]]' patron artist. He taught art at the [[University of Iowa]].
 
== External links==
[[Image:Iowa quarter, reverse side, 2004.jpg|thumb|right|[[Iowa]] quarter]]
* IUPAC [[Gold Book]] [http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/M03844.pdf definition]
 
== ExternalSee linksalso ==
* [[List of publications in chemistry#Organic chemistry|Important publications in organic chemistry]]
* [http://www.crma.org/collection/wood/wood.htm Cedar Rapids Museum of Art biography of Grant Wood]
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/wood_grant.html Grant Wood on artcyclopedia.com]
 
== References ==
[[Category:1892 births|Wood, Grant]]
<references />
[[Category:1942 deaths|Wood, Grant]]
 
[[Category:United States painters|Wood, Grant]]
[[Category:IowaChemical State University|Wood, Grantbonding]]
 
[[de:Mesomerer Effekt]]