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The '''mesomeric effect''' or '''resonance effect''' in [[chemistry]] is a property of [[substituent]]s or [[functional group]]s in a [[chemical compound]]. The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing or releasing properties of substituents based on relevant [[resonance structure]]s and is symbolized by the letter '''M'''. The mesomeric effect is negative ('''-M''') when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group and the effect is positive ('''+M''') when based on resonance the substituent is an electron releasing group.
[[Image:EarthBound.JPG|right|thumb|Ness, the red-capped boy in this picture, experiences many humorous adventures in ''EarthBound''.]]
'''''EarthBound''''' (known as '''''Mother 2''''' in [[Japan]]) is an [[role playing game|RPG]] for the [[Super Famicom]]/[[Super Nintendo]] [[video game]] system, the second in the ''[[Mother (video game)|Mother]]'' series of games. It is known for its unique graphics, irreverent humor, evocative portrayal of the Western world as seen by [[Japan]], and quirky characters.
*Examples of -M substituents: [[acetyl]] (UPAC ethanoyl) - [[nitrile]] - [[nitro]]
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*Examples of +M substituents: [[alcohol]] - [[amine]]
Unlike most RPGs, this game takes place in the present. ''EarthBound'' is set in the year "199X" in a [[United States]]-like country called Eagleland. The main character, [[Ness]], wakes up in the middle of night, in his [[pajamas]], when a [[meteor]] falls close to his house, and decides to investigate. At the crash site he meets a fly, named Buzz Buzz, from ten years in the future who sends him on a quest to destroy the Evil Alien Giygas in this time, because he is too powerful in the time Buzz Buzz comes from. [[Ness]] must then journey through the world, seeking eight "sanctuaries" where the [[Earth]]'s power is strongest in order to gain the strength needed to confront Giygas. Unlike many other RPGs, ''EarthBound'' is not heavily plot or character driven, and is instead essentially a long sequence of various quirky and irreverent quests, most of which are only vaguely tied to a central goal.
The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the [[inductive effect]]. It's important to note that the mesomeric effect as a result of p - orbital overlap (resonance) has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the inductive effect is purely to do with the [[electronegativity]] of the atoms and their structural chemistry (which atoms are connected to which).
==US release==
The concepts of mesomeric effect, '''mesomerism''' and '''mesomer''' were introduced by [[Christopher Kelk Ingold|Ingold]] in 1938 as an alternative to the [[Linus Pauling|Pauling's]] synonymous concept of [[resonance effect|resonance]] <ref>''If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating?'' Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. '''2006''' 83 223. [http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/Issues/2006/Feb/abs223.html Abstract]</ref>. Mesomerism is in this context is often encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term resonance dominates.
Releasing the game in the United States was considered somewhat of a gamble, as the game's graphics were very simple, especially compared to other RPGs of the time, such as ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]''. Additionally, the humor of the game is tied to its quirky portrayal of the West, which may not have translated to that region. In an attempt to boost sales, the game was packaged with a complete strategy guide to assist gamers. The game was also extensively promoted within [[Nintendo Power]], with various special offers. Ultimately, ''EarthBound'' was not very commercially successful in the United States at the time of its release, although it has since spawned a large cult following amongst loyal fans. The game which it followed, ''[[EarthBound 0]]'' (or ''Mother'') for the [[NES]], was never released in the [[United States]], though it was fully translated into English. (Nintendo is alleged to have not found the game commercially viable.) ''Mother 3'', the proposed sequel to ''EarthBound'', was cancelled after six years of work on the [[Nintendo 64]] system.
In [[Japan]], ''Mother'' (''EarthBound 0'') and ''Mother 2'' (''EarthBound'') were released on the [[Game Boy Advance]] on [[June 20]], [[2003]] bundled together on one cartridge. ''Mother 2'' remained mostly the same, but ''Mother'' was changed a lot to match the U.S. prototype.
* IUPAC [[Gold Book]] [http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/M03844.pdf definition]
According to commercials for ''[[Mother 1 and 2|Mother 1+2]]'' in [[Japan]] and interviews with [[Shigesato Itoi]], ''Mother 3'' is currently in development for the [[Game Boy Advance]]. Nintendo does not appear to be certain whether or not they want to release ''Mother 1+2'' in the [[United States|US]] or released along with ''Mother 3'' in the US.
* [[List of publications in chemistry#Organic chemistry|Important publications in organic chemistry]]
== References ==
[[Ness]] also appears in the video games ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' for the [[Nintendo 64]] and ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'' for the [[Nintendo GameCube]]. In addition, there are several 3D renderings of ''EarthBound'' characters in the form of trophies in ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee]]'', and ''EarthBound''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s [[Mr. Saturn]] also appears as one of the weapons.
<references />
[[Category: SuperChemical NES gamesbonding]] ▼[[Mr. Saturn]] appears in ''[[Kirby Super Star]]'', which was also developed in part by [[HAL Laboratory, Inc.|Hal Laboratory]].
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==Notable characters==
*[[Ness]] - The silent protagonist in ''EarthBound''. You play as him and his crew for the entirety of the game.
*[[Paula]] - The first secondary character to join Ness' party. She is adept almost exclusively with PSI powers.
*[[Jeff (EarthBound)|Jeff]] - The second secondary character to join Ness' party. Jeff is unable to use PSI powers, but he makes up for it with his mechanical skills and gadgets such as his Heavy Bazooka and Hungry HP Sucker.
*[[Poo (EarthBound)|Poo]] - The third secondary character to join Ness' party. Poo is unique in that he doesn't enjoy the same food, and cannot use the same equipment as the rest of the party. This is no doubt due to his strict eastern training.
*[[Giygas]] - The prime antagonist, and the final boss in the game. Giygas plans to destroy the entire universe. In ''EarthBound'', Giygas becomes so evil that its own evil powers begin to consume Giygas itself. As a result, Giygas's mind is extremely unstable, and Giygas has little control over or awareness of its own actions. [http://starmen.net/mother2/images/screenshots/giygasmap.png]
*[[Pokey (EarthBound)|Pokey]] - Ness' neighbor. Pokey is swayed (but not controlled) by Giygas' power and does his bidding in hopes to gain such power for himself. He makes many appearances throughout the game, and is the bumbling middleman for Giygas' corruption.
*Picky - The younger brother of Pokey. He plays a small role during the beginning of the game when he is lost on the mountain behind [[Onett (EarthBound)|Onett]]. He temporarily joins Ness' party after you find him on the mountain, and bring him home.
*Mom - Ness must call home regularly and speak to her or he will become homesick.
*[[Dad (EarthBound)|Dad]] - Ness' unseen workaholic father, who only appears as a voice on the [[telephone]]. Even in the ending credits, a telephone appears in his place. Some have theorized he actually is the telephone. To save the game, it is necessary to locate a phone and call dad.
*Tracy - Ness' sister, who started working for Escargo Express when his adventure began. Ness calls her to store and retrieve items when he's far from home.
*Frank - The leader (later ex-leader) of the street gang called The Sharks. A misguided youth, Frank is adept with a switchblade, and only after being bested by Ness, changes his ways and starts working at the local fast-food shop.
*Captain Strong - The police chief in Onett, he catches Ness after he had trespassed into the sealed-off Onett caves to reach [[Giant Step (EarthBound)|Giant Step]]. In the game, Strong and his crew of policemen attack Ness to test his strength in an effort to see if he is in fact ready to move on to the next town or not.
*Tessie - A friendly, long-necked monster which lets Jeff ride on its back to cross the lake in Winters. No doubt inspired by [[Nessie]], the [[Loch Ness monster]]. Not to be confused with Ness.
*Dr. Andonuts - [[Jeff (EarthBound)|Jeff]]'s estranged father, who Jeff rarely sees due to the [[Winters (EarthBound)|Winters]] boarding school he attends and his father's secluded nature. During the course of the game Dr. Andonuts builds many useful inventions, such as the [[Sky Runner (EarthBound)|Sky Runner]] and the Phase Distorter.
*[[Mr. Saturn]] - What all odd looking[http://starmen.net/mother2/images/clay/clay_mrsaturn.png] residents of [[Saturn Valley]] are named. They all speak broken English, and at one point are enslaved by the blob king Master Belch and forced to make Fly Honey.
==Quirks of the game==
*The Runaway Five are thought to be a parody of the [[Blues Brothers]] (especially the two lead singers). This argument is strengthened when one considered that in the original Japanese version, the band wore black suits instead of the colored clothes of the American release.
*One of the [[non-player character]]s in the game looks almost exactly like [[Mr. T]] (though he is never referred to as such or says anything Mr. T might be thought to say). Fans of the game refer to him almost exclusively as such.
*There are numerous references to the Beatles throughout the game, including a person in Onett who questions you on their song, "Yesterday", and you reach Deep Darkness using a "Yellow Submarine".
==Special technology that the game employs==
*Some of the background music of ''EarthBound'' utilizes samples obtained from [[frequency modulation synthesis]] quite extensively.
*Many of the animated backgrounds of the fight sequences in ''EarthBound'' are actually mathematical graphs that employ dynamic variables.
*Because of the unusually orderly structure of the game's memory, it is rather easy to modify in [[ROM]] format.
*[[List of SNES games]]
*[[List of Super Famicom games]]
*''[[EarthBound 0]]''
*''[[Mother 1 and 2|Mother 1 & 2]]''
*[[Starmen.net]]
*[http://starmen.net/ Starmen.Net]
*[http://earthbound.net/ EarthBound.Net]
*[http://ebipm.net/ EarthBound IPM]
[[Category:Computer role-playing games]]
[[Category:EarthBound|*]]
[[Category:HAL Laboratory games]]
▲[[Category:Super NES games]]
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