|
The '''mesomeric effect''' or '''resonance effect''' in [[chemistry]] is a property of [[substituent]]s or [[functional group]]s in a [[chemical compound]]. The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing or releasing properties of substituents based on relevant [[resonance structure]]s and is symbolized by the letter '''M'''. The mesomeric effect is negative ('''-M''') when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group and the effect is positive ('''+M''') when based on resonance the substituent is an electron releasing group.
{{template:manga}}
'''Azumanga Daioh''' (あずまんが大王 ''Azumanga Daiō'') is a [[manga]] by [[Kiyohiko Azuma]] that was made into an [[anime]] in [[2002]]. The anime is published in [[English language|English]] by [[ADV Films]], and the manga is published in English by [[ADV Manga]].
*Examples of -M substituents: [[acetyl]] (UPAC ethanoyl) - [[nitrile]] - [[nitro]]
The manga consists of four panel [[comic strip]]s which were published in the magazine "Dengeki Daioh". While Westerners are used to this and similar formats, known as [[yonkoma]] in Japan, a full-length [[manga]] series being composed of them is almost unheard of.
*Examples of +M substituents: [[alcohol]] - [[amine]]
The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the [[inductive effect]]. It's important to note that the mesomeric effect as a result of p - orbital overlap (resonance) has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the inductive effect is purely to do with the [[electronegativity]] of the atoms and their structural chemistry (which atoms are connected to which).
The anime was broadcast in five-minute segments every weekday, and as a 25-minute compilation each weekend. Thus there are 130 five-minute episodes which can also be seen as 26 25-minute episodes.
The concepts of mesomeric effect, '''mesomerism''' and '''mesomer''' were introduced by [[Christopher Kelk Ingold|Ingold]] in 1938 as an alternative to the [[Linus Pauling|Pauling's]] synonymous concept of [[resonance effect|resonance]] <ref>''If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating?'' Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. '''2006''' 83 223. [http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/Issues/2006/Feb/abs223.html Abstract]</ref>. Mesomerism is in this context is often encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term resonance dominates.
Both the manga and the anime follow the trials and triumphs of everyday life in a [[Japan]]ese high school. Six schoolgirls and two teachers make up the main cast with a few secondary characters including a creepy male teacher and another girl in the same grade who seems to have a crush on Sakaki, one of the main characters.
The readers and/or viewers follow Sakaki's obsession with neighborhood cats, Chiyo's struggle to find acceptance in an age group far above her own, and Yomi's patience with a rather silly best friend. They get to see yearly accounts of summer vacation, holidays, tests, and athletic events. Although it generally follows everyday life, this series is occasionally marked by bursts of surrealism and absurdity, such as a regular feature showing the characters' [[New Year]]'s dreams.
* IUPAC [[Gold Book]] [http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/M03844.pdf definition]
== See also ==
Four of the girls made it into [[Newtype]] Magazine's top 100 anime heroines of 2002: Osaka came 7th, Chiyo-chan 11th, Sakaki 21st, and Yomi 78th. Together they made Azumanga Daioh the joint 2nd most popular series of 2002 for female characters.
* [[List of publications in chemistry#Organic chemistry|Important publications in organic chemistry]]
== References ==
The title has no direct significance; it is simply a [[portmanteau]] that includes the title of the magazine it was published in and the name of the artist.
<references />
[[Category: AnimeChemical bonding]] ▼== Main characters ==
Names are in Western order, with the surname after the given name.
[[de:Mesomerer Effekt]]
[[Image:Azumanga daioh ending.jpg|thumb|The main characters. From left to right: Sakaki, Kagura, Chiyo, Tomo, Yomi and Osaka]]
* '''Chiyo Mihama''', a.k.a. '''Chiyo-chan''' (美浜 ちよ ''Mihama Chiyo'') -- Child prodigy, who has skipped five grades and is still at the top of the class. Although extremely smart and responsible for her age, she still has the likes, and especially fears, of a child. Has fabulously wealthy parents who never seem to be around. Best friends with Sakaki.
* '''Tomo Takino''' (滝野 智 ''Takino Tomo'') -- Extremely energetic and competitive, and yet a slacker at the same time. She irritates everyone around her to no end.
* '''Koyomi Mizuhara''' (水原 暦 ''Mizuhara Koyomi''), a.k.a. '''"Yomi"''' -- A grade-school friend and occasional antagonist of Tomo's. Quite mature and serious, diets periodically. Yomi's seriousness is often used as a humorous counterpoint to the other characters' silliness.
* '''Sakaki''' (榊 ''Sakaki'') -- A tall, quiet girl with a tough exterior, who would much rather be short and cute like Chiyo-chan. A talented athlete, even though she's not particularly interested in sports. Her secret passion is all things cute, especially animals, and very especially cats; unfortunately, cats hate her for some unknown reason. Best friends with Chiyo--and Chiyo's dog (Mr. Tadakichi) .
* '''Ayumu Kasuga''' (春日 歩 ''Kasuga Ayumu''), a.k.a. '''"Osaka"''' （大阪 ''Ōsaka''）-- A transfer student from [[Osaka]], as one might guess. Although she seems slow and easily distracted, she merely has a mind that works differently than most people (''very'' differently, some would say); although this makes her prone to daydreaming, absentmindedness, and [[non-sequitur]]s, she's unusually good at answering trick questions. Her behavior is the complete opposite of the common stereotype of Osakans as loud, exuberant, and fond of cracking bawdy jokes. A good friend of Chiyo's. The English dub done by ADV Films equates her Osakan accent to a Southern one from around Houston, "which shares the business-oriented attitude with Osaka as well as the country image that color both the Southern and Osaka accents." (as said by ADV translator notes.)
* '''Kagura''' (神楽 ''Kagura'') -- A later acquaintance who devotes most of her time to the swim team. Has a rather one-sided rivalry/friendship with Sakaki.
* '''Yukari Tanizaki''' (谷崎 ゆかり ''Tanizaki Yukari'') -- English teacher. She's not your typical English teacher though, she's the kind that goes on vacation with her students! Selfish, irresponsible, miserly, and generally dysfunctional. She drives without concern for the rules of the road, running into people, cars and signs along the way and going way over the speed limit. Her homeroom class is the central focus of this series.
* '''Minamo Kurosawa''' (黒沢 みなも ''Kurosawa Minamo''), a.k.a. '''"Nyamo"''' -- Gym teacher. An old high school friend and rival of Yukari's. Far more in-control than her, although she has her own faults. Yukari's and Nyamo's relationship is often compared to Tomo's and Yomi's, respectively.
== Minor characters ==
* '''Mr. Kimura''' (木村) - Creepy classics teacher who openly admits to his students that the reason he became a teacher was because of the high-school girls; he especially likes Kaorin, much to her chagrin. His eyes cannot be seen behind his glasses, and his mouth hangs open almost constantly. He has a wife and daughter, who love him despite his strange obsession. Oddly enough, he seems to be a perfectly good person aside from his obsession.
* '''Kaori a.k.a. "Kaorin"''' - A girl with a major infatuation for Sakaki. In her senior year, Kimura transferred her into his class, much to Kaorin's dismay. Some fans maintain that Kaori's surname is "Aida", but this is based only on a single and inconclusive reference in one panel of the original comic books. Officially her surname remains unknown.
* '''Chihiro''' - A classmate and friend of Kaorin. Nothing is known except her name.
* '''Chiyo-chichi''' - A strange looking and even stranger acting cat-like creature which appears in Sakaki's dreams, claiming to be Chiyo's dad. May be bullet-proof and/or Santa Claus.
* '''Miruchi''' and '''Yuka''' - Chiyo's friends from grade school.
* '''Kamineko''' (噛み猫, literally "biting cat") - A cute grey cat that Sakaki occasionally sees on the way to and from school. Having a great soft spot for cats, Sakaki tries to pet it, but it ends up latching its huge, bear-trap mouth onto her hand. This becomes one of the series' biggest [[running gag]]s.
* '''Tadakichi-san''' - Chiyo's pet dog. A [[Great Pyrenees]], he is mild mannered and gentle, and is large enough for Chiyo to ride on his back. Sakaki particularly likes him, as he allows her to pet him without biting her.
* '''Maya''' - Sakaki's pet cat. An [[Leopard Cat|Iriomote Mountain Cat]], he followed Sakaki home from [[Okinawa]].
* [http://www.advfilms.com/titles/azumanga/ Everyone's goin', "What in the heck?"], the official English site
* [http://www.imagica.com/shop/azumanga/ Azumanga TV Daioh], the official Japanese site
* [http://schala.net/azu/ Wonderland], an Azumanga Daioh fansite
[[Category:Manga]]
[[es:Azumanga Daioh]]
[[ru:Azumanga Daioh]]
[[ja:あずまんが大王]]
| 