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The '''mesomeric effect''' or '''resonance effect''' in [[chemistry]] is a property of [[substituent]]s or [[functional group]]s in a [[chemical compound]]. The effect is used in a qualitative way and describes the electron withdrawing or releasing properties of substituents based on relevant [[resonance structure]]s and is symbolized by the letter '''M'''. The mesomeric effect is negative ('''-M''') when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group and the effect is positive ('''+M''') when based on resonance the substituent is an electron releasing group.
The '''Republic of China Air Force''' (中華民國空軍) is the [[aviation]] branch of the [[Military of the Republic of China|armed forces of the Republic of China (Taiwan)]], and is often viewed as one of the most professional and capable branches of the [[Republic of China]]'s armed forces. The ROCAF's primary mission is the defense of the airspace over and around [[Taiwan]] against an attack by the [[People's Republic of China]], and currently numbers around 53,000 personnel. Current priorities of the ROCAF include the development of long range reconnaissance and surveillence networks, integrating C4ISR systems to increase battle effectiveness, procuring counterstrike weapons, next generation fighters, and hardening airfields and other facilities to survive a surprise attack.
*Examples of -M substituents: [[acetyl]] (UPAC ethanoyl) - [[nitrile]] - [[nitro]]
==Organization==
*Examples of +M substituents: [[alcohol]] - [[amine]]
Like most of the other branches of the ROC armed forces, much of the ROCAF's structure and organization is patterened after it's [[United States Air Force|U.S. counterpart]]. Like the USAF, the ROCAF has a wing -> group -> squadron structure.
The net electron flow from or to the substituent is determined also by the [[inductive effect]]. It's important to note that the mesomeric effect as a result of p - orbital overlap (resonance) has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the inductive effect is purely to do with the [[electronegativity]] of the atoms and their structural chemistry (which atoms are connected to which).
*'''Air Force General Headquarters''' (空軍總司令部)
:Air Force GHQ is subordinate to the General Staff (military), the Minister of Defense (civilian), and the ROC President.
:*Internal Units: Personnel, Combat Readiness & Training, Logistics, Planning, Communications, Electronics & Information, General Affairs, Comptroller, Inspector General, Political Warfare.
:*'''Air Force Combatant Command''' (作戰司令部)
::*Weather Wing (氣象聯隊): [[Tamsui]], [[Taipei County]]
::*Communications, Air Traffic Control & Information Wing (通信航管資訊聯隊): [[Taipei City]]
::*Air Tactical Control Wing (戰術管制聯隊)
:*'''Air Defense Artillery & Garrison Command''' (防砲警衛司令部)
:*'''Education, Traning & Doctrine Command''' (教育訓練暨準則發展司令部)
:*'''Logistics Command''' (後勤司令部)
:*'''Combat Wings''' (作戰聯隊)
::*401st Tactical Fighter Wing (401聯隊): [[Hualien]] AFB
::*427th Tactical Fighter Wing (427聯隊): [[Ching Chuan Kang]] AFB
::*439th Combined Wing (439聯隊): [[Pingtung County|Pingtung]] AFB
::*443rd Tactical Fighter Wing (443聯隊): [[Tainan]] AFB
::*455th Tactical Fighter Wing (455聯隊): [[Chiayi County|Chiayi]] AFB
::*499th Tactical Fighter Wing (499聯隊): [[Hsinchu]] AFB
:*'''Air Force Base Command''' (基地指揮部)
::*Sungshan Base Command (松山基地指揮部)
::*Taoyuan Base Command (桃園基地指揮部)
:*'''Air Force Academy''' (空軍官校)
The concepts of mesomeric effect, '''mesomerism''' and '''mesomer''' were introduced by [[Christopher Kelk Ingold|Ingold]] in 1938 as an alternative to the [[Linus Pauling|Pauling's]] synonymous concept of [[resonance effect|resonance]] <ref>''If It's Resonance, What Is Resonating?'' Kerber, Robert C. . J. Chem. Educ. '''2006''' 83 223. [http://www.jce.divched.org/Journal/Issues/2006/Feb/abs223.html Abstract]</ref>. Mesomerism is in this context is often encountered in German and French literature but in English literature the term resonance dominates.
==History==
Formally established in 1920 as the Aviation Ministry, the ROCAF was extremely active during the tenure of the ROC on [[Mainland China]]. During the [[Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)]], the ROCAF participated in straffing runs on Japanese warships during the [[Battle of Shanghai]] in 1937, and engaged Japanese fighters in air battles over the Wuhan region the same year. 2 ROCAF [[B-10]]'s also dropped propaganda leaflets over the Japanese cities of [[Nagasaki]] and [[Saga Prefecture|Saga]] in 1938.
== External links and references== ▼During [[World War II]], the ROCAF was augmented by the paticipation of the American Volunteer Group (the [[Flying Tigers]]) in 1941. The ROCAF was involved in attacks on Japanese air and ground forces in the Chinese theatre throughout the war.
* IUPAC [[Gold Book]] [http://www.iupac.org/goldbook/M03844.pdf definition]
== See also ==
ROCAF General HQ was established in June 1946. From 1946-1948, during the [[Chinese Civil War]], the ROCAF participated in combat against the [[People's Liberation Army]] engaging in air to air combat on at least eleven occasions in the areas surrounding the [[Taiwan Strait]]. The ROCAF reportedly enjoyed a 31:1 kill ratio against the PLA. GHQ was evacuated to Taiwan along with the rest of the ROC Government in April 1949 following the the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War. The ROCAF assisted in halting the PLA advance at the [[Battle of Kuningtou]] on [[Kinmen]] the same year.
* [[List of publications in chemistry#Organic chemistry|Important publications in organic chemistry]]
== References ==
During the [[Cold War]], the ROCAF was involved in combat air patrols over the Taiwan Strait and engaged the [[People's Liberation Army Air Force|PLAAF]] on several occasions. In 1979, Taiwan began the devlopment of the F-CK IDF (Indiginous Defense Fighter) aircraft.
<references />
[[Category: Chemical Air forcesbonding]] ▼==Equipment==
Most of the ROCAF's armament is purchased from the [[United States]] which also assists in the training of some ROCAF pilots. The Mirgae-2000 fighters were purchased from [[France]] in the early 1990's. Some of the ROCAF's aircraft and weapons are also developed domestically such as the F-CK IDF fighter and the Sky Sword series of missiles.
[[de:Mesomerer Effekt]]
*Fighter Aircraft
::[[F-16|F-16A/B]]
::[[Mirage 2000|Mirage-2000D/E]]
::[[F-CK IDF-1A/B]]
::[[F-5 Freedom Fighter|F-5E/F]]
*Early Warning & Electronic Warfare
::[[E-2T]]
::[[C-130|C-130HE]]
*Training
::[[AT-3]]
::[[T-34]]
*Transports
::[[C-130|C-130H]]
::[[BH-1900]]
::[[Fokker F50]]
::[[Boeing 737|B737-800]]
*Air-launched Missiles
::[[AIM-7]]
::[[AIM-9]]
::[[AIM-120]]
::[[AGM-65]]
::[[AGM-84]]
::Sky Sword I (天劍一)
::Sky Sword II (天劍一)
::[[MICA]]
::[[MAGIC II]]
==Related topics==
*[[Political status of Taiwan]]
▲==External links and references==
*[http://www.mnd.gov.tw/division/~defense/mil/air/index.htm ROC Air Force website(Chinese)]
*[http://www.mnd.gov.tw/report/defence/chinese/93report/index.htm ROC MND National Defense Report (2004)]
*[http://globalsecurity.org/military/world/taiwan/rocaf.htm Global Security article on ROC Air Force]
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[[Category: Military of Taiwan]]
▲[[Category: Air forces]]
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