Andy Luckey and User:BillFlis/sandbox: Difference between pages

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Articles in progress.

[Andy Luckey]

Born [San Francisco], [California], [1965]

==The Thomas Lawrences==

Writer, Director and Producer. Mainly of animated works.

There were at least two prominent men of this name who served as [[List of mayors of Philadelphia|Mayors of Philadelphia]] in the early to mid 1700s. One [[Thomas Lawrence (mayor)]] already has an article. I'm trying to find info on the apparent second (later) one, especially his relation, if any, to the first. Here's all I have on the second:

Son of [PIXAR]animator [Bud Luckey]

{{start box}}

Most notably a Producer on the series [Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles] and [Adventures from the Book of Virtues].

{{succession box | before=Attwood Shute | title=[[Mayor of Philadelphia]] | years=1758-1759 | after=[[John Stamper]]}}

{{succession box | before=[[Thomas Willing]] | title=[[Mayor of Philadelphia]] | years=1764-1765 | after=[[John Lawrence]]}}

{{end box}}

[http://www.englishcountrydancing.org/assemblies.html This page] lists a T.L. Sen. (certainly Senior) and T.L. Jr. as attending a dance assembly in the winter of 1748-49. (Also a John Lawrence, probably the prominent-surveyor father of [http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/lawrence_john.html this fellow].)

Co-founder and President of Greater Family, LLC of Ridgefield, CT.

[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/students1760s.html This page] lists a T.L. as an early (1763) student of U. Penn, with the note "non-graduate".

Source: www.imdb.com

==[[Jeremiah Langhorne]]==

'''Jeremiah Langhorne''' (d. 1742) was a prominent landowner and jurist in colonial [[Pennsylvania]]. He is the namesake of present-day [[Langhorne, Pennsylvania]]. He was a justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 1726, chief justice from 1739, until his death in 1742. A Quaker, Langhorne settled in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks County]], where he purchased 7200 acres in 1724. Namesake of Langhorne, Pennsylvania

Son of Thomas Langhorne, Jeremiah Langhorne, 1726, chief justice 1739 till death in 1742

In 1724 purchased 7200 acres in Bucks Co.

Freed his slaves and granted them land on his death in 1742

m. ?? Pemberton

In 1684, Jeremiah Langhorne, with his wife, Grace, and his children, Jeremiah and Sarah, withdrew his certificate from the Friends Monthly Meeting at Kendal in Westmoreland and came to America, settling in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. He represented Bucks County in the Assembly. His sister, Sarah Langhorne, married William Biles, Jr., the son of the settler. (http://scarbrough.bizhat.com/index_files/Page408.htm)

Of interest to Black History is the early land ownership of the town's very center. Jeremiah Langhorne, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and a substantial landholder in Bucks County, deeded approximately 300 acres from the present Hamilton Street, one block west of the main intersection, extending easterly along Court Street to East Street (outside the district) to his two slaves Cudjo and Jo to become free landholders after his death in 1742. Soon after this date the lands were sold to Isabell Crawford and subsequently divided into large lots to become the basis for Doylestown's development, including the ___location of Doyle's second tavern.

==William Crispin==

Captain William Crispin (c. 1610-1681) was a

(October 3, 1627 - 1681)

Captain William Crispin (*)

John Bazar (*)

Nathaniel Allen (*)

William Haige (*)

(*)appointed by Penn as Commissioners for settling the colony, Sept. 30, 1681. Crispin was also appointed Surveyor General.

William Penn appointed Captain William Crispin as the first Chief Justice in a letter dated August 18, 1681. Crispin died at sea on his way to Pennsylvania. He was replaced by [[Thomas Holme]] as Surveyor General.

m. Rebecca BRADSHAW (1631 - 1660)

September 28, 1652 in St Dunstan's, Stepney, Middlesex, England.

Children:

# William CRISPIN (June 24, 1653 - )

# Silas CRISPIN (1655 - May 31, 1711) born Abt. 1655 in London, England; died May 31, 1711 in Dublin, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania; married (1) Mary STOCKTON; married (2) Esther Holme 1683.

# Rebecca CRISPIN, born Abt. 1656; married (1) Edward Blackfan October 24, 1688 in Sussex, England; married (2) Neheniah Allen 1725.

# Ralph CRISPIN, born Abt. 1657; died June 21, 1730; married (1) Anne Millner in Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland; married (2) Anna Busted 1682 in Kinsale, County Cork, Ireland.

# Rachel CRISPIN, born Abt. 1658; married Thomas Armstrong

Some sources cite Wm. Crispin as having married Ann Jasper rather than Rebecca Bradshaw; it has been determined that this was an error which has been perpetuated in the literature; Wm Penn's father, Admiral Penn, and Rebecca Bradshaw's mother, Rachel Penn Bradshaw, were brother and sister, making Rebecca Bradshaw Crispin & Wm Penn, found of PA, 1st cousins - and their son, Silas Crispin, a 1st cousin once removed, in accord with the letters Wm and Silas exchanged, in which they referred to each other as cousins.

===External links===

http://www.stefanovich.com/Crispin/Capt_William_CRISPIN.html

Not to be confused with the companion of William the Conqueror http://www.thecrispins.de/William%20Crispin.htm

==Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly==

The '''Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly''' was the legislature of the [[Pennsylvania]] provincial government from the province's founding in 1692 until the ratification of the state constitution in 1790, when it was replaced by the [[Pennsylvania General Assembly]].

==Origin==

==Powers==

The powers of the Assembly changed with each version of the province's constitution, called the [[Frame of Government of Pennsylvania|Frame of Government]], of which there were four. The first Frame of Government of 1682, also known as Penn's Charter, was written by William Penn while he was still in England, but was rejected by Pennsylvania's Colonial Assembly. In the preface, Penn stated his political philosophy on government: "Any government is free to the people under it ... where the laws rule and the people are a party to those laws." However, the provision for amending the Frame of Government, Section XXIII, stated, "No act ... to alter, change, or diminish the form, or effect, of the charter ... without the consent of the governor, his heirs, or assigns, and six parts of seven of the said freemen in provincial Council and General Assembly."

Changes appeared in the second Frame of Government, also written by Penn. This was approved by the colony's bicameral General Assembly in 1683 and became the colony's constitution.

In 1696, the colony received its third Frame of Government, written by [[William Markham]], Penn's cousin and appointed deputy governor. This version, known as Markham's Frame, was regarded as the constitution until Penn returned to Pennsylvania in December 1699.

Penn signed the fourth Frame of Government in October 1701 when he left Pennsylvania for England, where he died in 1718. This last frame, also known as the Charter of Privileges, was drafted for the first time in conjunction with members of the Provincial Assembly.

The Assembly by this time had power to make its own rules and initiate all legislation. The constitution continued to evolve, following the English tradition of permitting constitutional changes to occur through the ordinary legislative process. It was the basic constitution for the next 75 years and it virtually ended proprietary rule by giving self-government to Pennsylvania.

In 1751, the Assembly ordered a bell to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Charter of Privileges. The bell was inscribed with the words "Proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." This bell cracked on first ringing, was recast twice, and today it is known as the [[Liberty Bell]].

The autonomy of the Pennsylvania House, under Speakers such as [[David Lloyd]], [[Andrew Hamilton]] and [[Benjamin Franklin]], was fashioned after that of the [[British Parliament]] and served as the model for American legislative and congressional government.

==Speaker==

In its opening session, the Provincial Assembly elected its first Speaker. As the Provincial Assembly was succeeded by the state [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives|House of Representatives]], the office of the Speaker is today the oldest elected statewide position in Pennsylvania. The Speaker serves all members and upholds the orderly conduct of business, protecting the parliamentary rights of the elected Representatives.

The Speaker presides over the session, appoints committee chairpersons and refers bills to committee. The Speaker can sponsor legislation himself, vote on all bills, and on rare occasions may turn the podium over to a Speaker Pro Tempore in order to occupy his desk on the floor and participate in debate.

From PA House of Representatives site:

<blockquote>

The Pennsylvania House first met as the Provincial Assembly on December 4, 1682, at Upland, near Chester, 40 days after William Penn arrived in the colony. After three years, the Provincial Assembly initiated greater independence from the colonial authorities. It insisted upon the right to control its own affairs, qualify members and initiate legislation. The Provincial Assembly became the foundation upon which organized representative government in America was built.

In its opening session, the Provincial Assembly appointed the first Speaker. The office of the Speaker is the oldest elected statewide position in Pennsylvania. The Speaker literally speaks for the people and is beholden to no executive authority but the law. The Speaker serves all members and upholds the orderly conduct of business, protecting the parliamentary rights of every elected Representative.

The speakership is a constitutionally mandated office, elected by the full membership. The House cannot convene without a Speaker. The Speaker presides over the session, appoints committee chairpersons and refers bills to committee. The Speaker can sponsor legislation himself, vote on all bills, and on rare occasions may turn the podium over to a Speaker Pro Tempore in order to occupy his desk on the floor and participate in debate.

The autonomy of the Pennsylvania House, under Speakers such as David Lloyd, Andrew Hamilton and Benjamin Franklin, was fashioned after that of the British Parliament and served as the model for American legislative and congressional government.

The Pennsylvania House has participated in several significant events throughout the history of Pennsylvania and the United States, particularly during the founding of the nation. The Pennsylvania House initiated plans and supported the construction of Independence Hall, one of the most important buildings in our history. In addition, it hosted the meetings and conferences during which two principle documents, the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution, were written.

</blockquote>

From Constitution Party web site:

<blockquote>

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has been governed by five constitutions between 1776 and 1968. Before that, the province of Pennsylvania was governed for almost a century by four successive constitutions, referred to as The Frame of Government.

The first Frame of Government 1682, also known as Penn's Charter, was written by William Penn while he was still in England, and was repudiated by Pennsylvania's Colonial Assembly. In the preface, Penn stated his political philosophy on government: "Any government is free to the people under it ... where the laws rule and the people are a party to those laws."

The provision for amending the Frame of Government, Section XXIII, states, "No act ... to alter, change, or diminish the form, or effect, of the charter ... without the consent of the governor, his heirs, or assigns, and six parts of seven of the said freemen in provincial Council and General Assembly." Changes appeared in the second Frame of Government, also written by Penn. This was approved by the colony's bicameral General Assembly in 1683 and became the colony's constitution.

In 1696, the colony received its third Frame of Government. This constitution was written by William Markham, the proprietor's deputy governor and Penn's cousin. This version, known as Markham's Frame, was regarded as the constitution until Penn came back to Pennsylvania in December 1699. Penn signed the fourth Frame of Government in October 1701 when he left Pennsylvania for England, where he died in 1718. This last frame, also known as the Charter of Privileges, was drafted for the first time in conjunction with members of the Provincial Assembly.

The Assembly by this time had power to make its own rules and initiate all legislation. The constitution continued to evolve, following the English tradition of permitting constitutional changes to occur through the ordinary legislative process. It was the basic constitution for the next 75 years and it virtually ended proprietary rule by giving self-government to Pennsylvania.

In 1751, the Assembly ordered a bell to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Charter of Privileges. The bell was inscribed with the words "Proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." This bell cracked on first ringing, was recast twice, and today it is known as the Liberty Bell.

As the colony grew in population and wealth, disputes arose over the respective powers of the elective Provincial Assembly and the appointed Provincial Governor. Divisions were developing between the established eastern city interest and the expanding western frontier, between the farmer and the city dweller, between the working man and the capitalist, and between the settler and the land speculator.

As a result of general dissatisfaction with the proprietary government, there were petitions to make Pennsylvania a royal province, while other more radical elements urged the drafting of a new constitution and called for independence from England. The first Continental Congress was a turning point for most citizens who had expected the Congress to propose a new relationship between England and the colonies. Instead, the second Constitutional Congress on May 15, 1776, passed a resolution urging all colonies to draft and adopt constitutions.

Philadelphia Convention

Less then two weeks after the Declaration of Independence, the citizens of Philadelphia were inspired to form a convention for drafting a constitution for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The Provincial Assembly and the governor were ignored, and the convention not only entered upon the task of forming the constitution, but superseded the old government by assuming the legislative power of the commonwealth and establishing a Council of Safety with extensive powers to rule in the interim.

The elected delegates debated, drafted, and on Sept. 28, 1776, passed and proclaimed the Bill of Rights and Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania signed by "Benj. Franklin, Prest." The Constitution of 1776 provided that the power of amending the constitution would rest with a Council of Censors as it found necessary. The Constitution of 1776 was considered one of the most democratic state governmental structures of the times, even though it was not submitted to the electorate for ratification or adoption. </blockquote>

===External links===

*[http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/VC/visitor_info/blue/house.htm Pennsylvania House of Representatives]

*[http://www.constitutionpartypa.com/pa_constitution.htm Constitution Party page on PA Constitution]

*[http://www.jenkinslaw.org/collection/researchguides/publications/ann-constitutions.php same article, with citation]

==[[Thomas Wharton Jr.]]==

WHARTON, Thomas, governor of Pennsylvania, born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, in 1735; died in [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]], 22 May, 1778. He was the son of John, sometime coroner of Chester county, Pennsylvania, whose father, Thomas, of Westmoreland, England, emigrated to Pennsylvania about 1683, served in the Philadelphia common council in 1713-'18, and was the founder of the Wharton family of Philadelphia. Thomas became a merchant, was for a time a partner of Anthony Stocker, and was highly esteemed for his virtue and patriotism. On the passage of the [[Stamp Act]] he took a resolute stand on the side of the opposition, and his name, with that of his grandfather and other members of the family, was among the first that were affixed to the non-importation resolutions and agreements of 1765. When the news of the closing of the Boston harbor reached Philadelphia a public meeting was held on 20 May, 1774, and Thomas Wharton was chosen a member of the committee of correspondence. On 22 June, 1774, he was placed on a committee with Joseph Reed and John Nixon to request the speaker of the assembly to summon its members to meet on 1 August and consult on public affairs. He was a deputy to the convention that was called by patriotic citizens of Philadelphia, to meet on 15 July, 1774, and was one of the twenty-five citizens that formed the committee of safety in 1775. On 24 July, 1776, he became president of the council of safety, in which the executive authority of the government was temporarily vested, and in 1777 he was elected president of Pennsylvania, which office he held till his death. He was inaugurated on 5 March, with much display, and under the title of "His Excellency Thomas Wharton, junior, esquire, president of the supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, captain-general and commander-in-chief in and over the same." During the Revolution he discharged his duties with ability and success. He owned a country-seat called "Twickenham" in Montgomery county. He removed to Lancaster with the executive council on the British occupation of Philadelphia, died there, and was buried with military honors. At the request of the vestry of the Evangelical Trinity church, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, his body was interred within the walls of that edifice.

==John Wharton==

--His brother, John, was a member of the Continental navy board in 1778-'80, and built two ships, the "Experiment" and the " Washington," for the Pennsylvania navy.

==Joseph Wharton==

--Thomas's uncle, Joseph, merchant, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 4 August, 1707; died there in July, 1776, was a successful merchant, and the owner of "Walnut Grove," a country place on Fifth street, near Washington avenue, Philadelphia, on which the Mischianza of 1778 was held. {See HOWE, WILLIAMS.) The house, which is shown in the illustration on page 448, was the finest of its day near that city. It was torn down in 1862, to make room for a school-house. Joseph Wharton was called "Duke Wharton," because of his stately bearing.

==Samuel Wharton==

--Joseph's son, Samuel, merchant, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3 May, 1732; died there in March, 1800, was a partner in the house of Baynton Wharton and Morgan. At one time the Indians destroyed nearly £40,000 worth of goods, and as indemnification the chiefs of the Six Nations made over to the firm a large tract of land at the treaty of [[Fort Stanwix]]. The land bordered on Ohio river above the Little Kanawha, and included about one fourth of the present state of West Virginia. To this grant the traders gave t, he name of Indiana Mr. Wharton was sent by the firm to England to solicit confirmation of this grant, in which he so far succeeded that a day was appointed for him to attend court. Some of his correspondence with Benjamin Franklin having been discovered in the mean time, he was obliged to fly for his life, and reaching France, was joined by Dr. Franklin. In 1780 he returned to Philadelphia. He was a member of the city councils, of the committee of safety of the Revolution, of the colonial and state legislatures, and of the Ohio company, whose plan of forming a settlement on Ohio river was projected by Sir William Johnson, Governor Franklin, and others On 9 February, 1781, he took the oath of allegiance to the state, and he was a member of the Continental congress in 1782-'3. In 1784 he was chosen a justice of the peace for the district of Southwark, in which suburb he owned a country-seat.

==Joseph Wharton (II)==

--Another son of Joseph, Joseph, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 21 March, 1733 ; died there, 25 December, 1816, went to England about 1775, and while there wrote a number of letters on the attitude of Great Britain to the colonies. Some of these were published in the "Pennsylvania Journal," others in British journals, and attracted so much attention that when their authorship was discovered Wharton was forced to leave the country, and fled to France During his residence abroad he was much with Benjamin West, and it is said that the suggestion that West's painting of " Christ Healing the Sick" should be given to the Pennsylvania hospital in Philadelphia was made by him. He corresponded with West regarding the removal of the picture to the hospital, which was accomplished in 1817.

==External links==

*[http://virtualology.com/apthomaswharton/ Biographical sketch], under Thomas Wharton

==Franklin Wharton==

--Robert's brother, Franklin, soldier, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 23 July, 1767; died in New York. 1 September, 1818, was appointed colonel commandant of the United States marine corps under the administration of James Madison. Colonel Wharton was intrusted with the management of an armory in Washington, D. C., in which small arms that belonged to the navy and marine corps were kept in readiness for service.

==Philip Fishbourne Wharton==

'''Philip Fishbourne Wharton''', (born in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], April 30, 1841; died in [[Media, Pennsylvania]], July 20, 1880) was an American artist. The grandson of Governor [[Thomas Wharton Jr.]], he studied at the [[Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts]], and later in [[Paris]] and [[Dresden]]. His best-known pictures are "Perdita," which received a medal at the [[Centennial Exposition]] of 1876, "Eventide," " Uncle Jim," "Over the Hills and Far Away," and " Waiting for the Parade." He also painted many watercolors, chiefly scenes in [[Florida]] and [[Nassau]]. His 1876 portrait of [[James Wilson]] hangs in [[Independence National Historic Park]].[http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-33116]

[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/cwnyhs:@field(AUTHOR+@od1(Wharton,+Philip+Fishbourne,+1841+++1880)) "Wounded soldiers in hospital, receiving their money. At night, after the battle."] [Drawing]

==Thomas Isaac Wharton==

--The first Joseph's grandson, Thomas Isaac, lawyer, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 17 May, 1791; died there, 7 April, 1856, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1807, studied law in the office of his uncle, William Rawle, was admitted to the bar, and acquired reputation in his profession and as a reporter of the Pennsylvania supreme court, he served as captain of infantry in the war of 1812. He was a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania in 1837-'56, and a member of various philosophical and historical societies. With Joel Jones and William Rawle (q. r, .) he revised the civil code of Pennsylvania in 1830. He edited, with eot)ious notes, the 3d edition of Alexander J. Dallas's " Reports of Cases in the Courts of the United States and Pennsylvania before and since the Revolution" (4 vols., Philadelphia, 1830), and was associated with [[Thomas Sargeant]] and others in editing the "Law Library" (1833), and with [[Henry Wheaten]] in editing the 5th American edition of William Selwyn's " Abridgment of the Law of Nisi Prius" (1839). He was the author of " Digest of Cases in the Circuit Court of the United States, Third District, and in the Courts of Pennsylvania" (Philadelphia., 1822 ; 6th ed., including "A. Harris's Reports," 2 vols., 1853): " Digested Index to the Reported Decisions of the Several Courts of Law in the Western and Southern States" (1824); "Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania" (6 vols., 1836-'41); "Letter on the Right and Power of the City of Philadelphia to Subscribe for Stock in the Pennsylvania Railroad Company" (1846); and various addresses and memoirs, including one on William Rawle, LL.D. (1840). He also contributed to Dennie's "Portfolio," and was an editor of the "Analectic Magazine."

--Thomas Isaac's son, Francis, lawyer, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 7 March, 1820, was graduated at Yale in 1839, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1843, practised in Philadelphia for fifteen years, and was assistant attorney-general in 1845. From 1856 till 1863 he was professor of logic and rhetoric in Kenyon college, Ohio, but he was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal church in 1863, and became rector of St. Paul's church in Brookline, Massachusetts He was also professor of ecclesiastical and international law in the Cambridge divinity-school, and in Boston. In 1885 he was appointed solicitor for the department of state, and examiner of international claims, which office he still holds, and in 1888 he was appointed, under a resolution of congress, editor of the Revolutionary diplomatic correspondence of the United States. The degree of D. D. was conferred on him by Kenyon college in 1883, and that of LL. D. by Kenyon in 1865 and by the University of Edinburgh in 1883. He is a member of various institutions of international and municipal law. With Charles E. Lex he edited the " Episcopal Recorder " in Philadelphia, and he has contributed to periodicals. He has edited several volumes of law reports, and is the author of "A Treatise on the Criminal Law of the United States" (Philadelphia, 1846 ; 6th ed., 3 vols., 1868) . " The State Trials of the United States during the Administrations of Washington and Adams" (1849)" "Precedents of Indictments and Pleas adapted to the Use both of the Courts of the United States and those of the Several States " (1849; 2d ed., 1857)-" A Treatise on the Law of Homicide in the United States" (1855)" " A Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence," with Dr. Moreton Stille (1855; 2d ed., with additions by Alfred Stille, 1860); "Treatise on Theism and Modern Skeptical Theories" (1859)-"The Silence of Scripture, a Series of Lectures" (1867)" " A Treatise on the Conflict of Laws" (Philadelphia, 1872)" "The Law of Agency and Agents" (1876)" and a "Digest of International Law" (1886).

--Another son of Thomas, Henry, lawyer, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2 June, 1827; died there, 11 November, 1880, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1846, studied law under his father, and was admitted to the bar in 1849. In 1856 he became solicitor to the Philadelphia saving fund, and he was one of the three lawyers, including Eli K. Price and Edward Olmstead, whose opinions upon real estate were considered equivalent to a judgment of the supreme court, He was legal adviser of the Philadelphia bank and other corporations. With Asa J. Fish he edited the "American Law-Register," from 1852 till 1863, and wrote a "Practical and Elementary Treatise on the Law of Vicinage" (Philadelphia, 1868).

--Thomas Isaac's nephew, [[Joseph Wharton]], manufacturer, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 3 March, 1826. His mother, Deborah Fisher (1795-1888), was an approved minister of the Society of Friends for seventy years, belonging to the branch that has been called Hicksite. She was active in charities and an interested friend to the Indians, defending their rights in Washington and visiting their reservations. After receiving a good education in his native city, the son entered a mercantile house, and afterward engaged in the manufacture of white lead and paints, bricks, copper-mining and spelter, became owner of iron-, glass-, and steel-works, and has been a director in manufacturing, railroad, and banking corporations. He was among the first to establish the manufacture of spelter, nickel, and cobalt in this country, and was the first to make magnetic needles of other substance than steel, he aided in establishing the Bethlehem iron company, particularly its steel-forging plant for government work. Mr. Wharton owns the deposits of nickel ore in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, which he purchased in 1873, and established his works in Camden, New Jersey He early experimented to produce nickel in a pure and malleable condition, so that it could be worked like iron, and was the first to attain practical success in this direction. He sent to the Centennial exhibition of 1876, and to the Paris exposition of 1878, samples of nickel ores, nickel-matte, metallic nickel in grains and cubes, cast and wrought nickel, cast cobalt, and electro-plating with nickel and cobalt, which illustrated the progress in the metallurgical development of this substance, and excited much admiration. Mr. Wharton aided in establishing Swarthmore college, of which he is president of the board of trustees, endowing its chair of history and political economy, and also founded the Wharton school of finance and economy in the [[University of Pennsylvania]]. He is a member of the Society of Friends. Mr. Wharton has published several pamphlets on the subject of protection to home industry.-Henry's son, Thomas Isaac, author, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 August, 1859, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1879, studied law, was admitted to the "bar, and is the author of "'A Latter-Day Saint" (New York, 1884), and "Hannibal of New York" (1886).--The first Joseph's descendant, Anne Hollingsworth, author, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, about 1845, has published "The Wharton Family" (Philadelphia, 1880) ; "Vigilia"; and " St. Bartholomew's Eve."

==External links==

http://virtualology.com/apthomaswharton/

==Schuylkill Fishing Company==

The '''Schuylkill Fishing Company of Pennsylvania''', also known as the '''State in Schuylkill''', was the first angling club in the American Colonies, established in 1732 as the '''Colony in Schuylkill''' under a treaty with the chiefs of the [[Lenni-Lenape]] (Delaware) Indians. Still in existence, it claims to be the oldest social club in the English-speaking world.

Among its 28 founding members were [[James Logan (statesman)|James Logan]] and Joseph Wharton. Other early members included [[Thomas Wharton Jr.]], [[Tench Francis, Jr.]], [[William Bradford (1719-1791)]], and [[Thomas Mifflin]].

It had a clubhouse, known as the "Castle", at the foot of the [[Schuylkill River]] falls near [[Fairmount, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Fairmount]], now part of [[Philadelphia]]. When the Dam was constructed in 1822, and the fishing at the Falls spoiled, the club was moved from the Falls to Rambo's Rock, opposite [[Bartram's Garden]], and below Gray's Ferry. Here it remained until 1888, when the fish in the Schuylkill were poisoned by sewage, and it was forced to move again, this time to the [[Delaware River]] near [[Andalusia, Pennsylvania]].

Officers of the club assumed governmental titles: governor, lieutenant governor, sheriff, coroner, secretary. The club designated May 1 as the "opening day" of the sporting season and claimed to have received its rights for fishing and fowling on the river directly from [[Tammany]] in 1732.

The club is reputed to have been the origin of the [[alcoholic drink]] known as [[Fish House Punch]], which consists mainly of rum.[http://slakethirst.com/2005/10/07/fish-house-punch/]

===External links===

*[http://www.lcpgraphics.org/wainwright/W369.htm The Castle of the State in Schuylkill]

*[http://www.libraries.psu.edu/do/digitalbookshelf/27843260/27843260_part_207.pdf History of the Society] from the ''Annals of Philadelphia''

http://www.ussnicholas.org/first_officer.html

Whilst continuing my casual research for some light on our much neglected founder, I decided to have a look at the list of early members of the State in Schuylkill, a club that has continuously existed in the former capital of the United States since 1732. It is said to be the oldest surviving club in the United States, if not in the entire world. John Fanning Watson, famous and accurate antiquarian, who wrote his Annals of Philadelphia in 1842, the 1927 edition, of which I possess, describes it briefly on page 431, volume I, but on page 291, volume III, are supplementary and more detailed notes of Willis P. Hazard:

The Schuylkill Fishing Company

One of the peculiar institutions of Philadelphia, particularly one for the purposes of conviviality and exercises, is the “Schuylkill Fishing Company of the State in Schuylkill,” founded in 1732 by the name of the “The Colony in Schuylkill” by a few of the original settlers, many of them emigrants with Penn to the New World. It has flourished in full vigor in the romantic solitudes of the river, the most ancient and highly respectable social society existing in the United States.

The Colonial Hall in which the meetings of the young colonists were held was on the estate of “Eaglesfield” judiciously selected in a wood on the western bank of the stream, and now in Fairmount Park, between “Solitude”, Penn’s estate [still standing in the Zoological Gardens, L.E.F.] and “Sweetbriar”, the seat of Samuel Breck [now restored and headquarters of the Junior League, just north of Girard Avenue Bridge, L.E.F.] The fine old mansion is now demolished. Here they remained for ninety years, until 1822, when the damming of the river at Fairmount destroyed the perch and rock-fishing, and obliged them to emigrate to tidewater near Rambo’s Rock, opposite Bartram’s celebrated Botanical Gardens [still preserved by a Philadelphia society of ladies, L.E.F.] and situated below Gray’s Ferry bridge. [The present ___location of the State in Schuylkill is at Essington on the west bank of the Delaware River, not far below Torresdale, L.E.F.]

At a March meeting in 1789, held at Samuel Nicholas’s Inn, sign of the Connostogoe Waggon, north side of Market Street, above Fourth, it is recorded that “Mr. Benjamin Scull, the Prince of Fishermen, produced a trout, which he this day took in Schuylkill of his layout line, that measured fifteen inches.”

Admission to the honor of membership is by no means easy. Candidates for vacancies are soon proposed from many persons waiting for the honor. No gentleman is placed on the roll of probation until eight members signify approval.

Besides those in the City Troop the following served in the Revolution: Major Samuel Nicholas of the Marine Corps; Lieutenant Anthony Morris of the Militia, killed at the Battle of Princeton; Lieutenant Colonel William Bradford; Captains John Graff and John Wharton, of the Militia; Captain Tench Francis of the rifle corps, etc. Several others appeared in the ranks of the Quaker and Silk-Stocking Companies, so designated on account of the wealth or high standing of the spirited gentlemen composing those corps raised in the city, and in other volunteer corps of infantry, at a crisis in affairs when neutrality was treason. In the war of 1812 many served or marched to the field. Below are a few names:

Members of the Schuylkill Fishing Company, Instituted A.D. 1732

1732

1. Thomas Stretch, first governor

20. Hugh Roberts

22. Joseph Wharton [family of Lieutenant-Colonel Franking Wharton, Commandant, U.S. M.C. L.E.F.]

26. James Logan

1748

36. Samuel Mifflin

37. George Gray [great grandfather of Mary Jenkins, wife of Samuel Nicholas, to Philadelphia from Barbados, circa 1691, L.E.F.]

42. Samuel Shoemaker

43. Thomas Wharton, Jr.

44. Thomas Wharton

46. Henry Harrison

47. Samuel Wharton

52. Samuel Morris, Jr. [governor 46 years, d. 1812; Commanded First City Troop in Revolution, as does his descendant, E.B. Morris, today, L.E.F.]

59. William Bingham

1760

82. Samuel Nicholas [founder of Marines, L.E.F.]

85. [[Clement Biddle]] [family of Major General William Phillips Biddle, Commandant, U.S.M.C., L.E.F.]

86. Thomas Mifflin

90. Tench Francis

91. Thomas Peters

96. Robert Roberts

97. John Nixon

98. Isaac Hopkins

[Samuel Nicholas died August 27, 1790; it is possible that 138, John Morrell, elected October 11, 1790; 139, Joseph Donnaldson or 140, John Graff, elected October 5, 1791, were selected to replace him, as no further members were admitted until 1796. En passant, of the seven in Germantown on the Committee of subscriptions in 1759 to organize the Germantown Academy: John Christopher Meng, Christopher Sauer, Baltus Reser, Daniel Mackinett, John Jones, Charles Bensell, and Daniel Andt – four of them Reser, Jones, Bensell (listed as Pensyl), and Endt (listed as Ent), were members of the State in Schuylkill, according to the History of the Germantown Academy, 1910, L.E.F.]

In fact, so famous was the Lower Schuylkill for its fishing, that when the Dam was constructed in 1822, and the fishing at the Falls spoiled, the "Schuylkill Fishing Company, of the State in Schuylkill," which was founded in 1732, by some of the early settlers, was moved from the Falls, where it had been for ninety years, to Rambo's Rock, opposite Bartram's Gardens. Here it remained until the fish in the Schuylkill were poisoned by sewage, and it was forced to move again. So beautiful was the ___location at Rambo's Rock, that when Lafayette visited Philadelphia in 1825, he was entertained at the Club House, by the Governor and Members, and a numerous company of guests. What would a distinguished stranger think now were he entertained at Rambo's Rock?

A number of social organizations played an important part in forming the new cavalry unit. The oldest of these was the Schuylkill Fishing Company, a club that numbered many Troopers among its officers. Other organizations from which the Light Horse drew its members were the Schuylkill Company of Fort St. Davids, the St. Andrew's Society of Philadelphia, the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the Society of the Sons of St. George. The Gloucester Fox Hunting Club had especial influence. The "round black hat bound with silver cord and buck's tail" and the dark brown short coat faced and lined with white worn by the Trooper of the Revolution were similar to the hunting coat and cap in which its club members rode to hounds. Captain Samuel Morris was Gloucester's first president and Captain Robert Wharton its last, and twenty-five Troopers were among its members during the War.

The Saint and His Day

Where the oral traditions of Tammany coalesced into a "patron saint" was in an outdoor recreational club. There were obviously several years of informal gatherings before the good burgers of Philadelphia formed the "Schuylkill Fishing Company of the Colony (later the State) on the Schuylkill" in the late 1730s. It was a sportsmen's dining club with elements of a typical carnival kingdom or bogus Utopia, having its own "Navy," "Court House" and government officials (Milnor 1830, 19). It designated 1 May as the "opening day" of the sporting season and claimed to have received its rights for fishing and fowling on the river directly from Tammany in 1732 - which would have made the grand sachem a very venerable relic indeed! Ironically, 1732 was the date of a major land grab in the Schuylkill valley, and in 1737 the "Walking Purchase" would occur, that notorious example of sharp practice against the Lenape on the part of Penn's sons. It is hard, therefore, to imagine these Schuylkill "fishing rights" as actually descending from the earlier mode of brotherly exchange between Quaker and Delaware. We seem to be already mythologising against present political realities.

The Sons of Saint Tammany existed long before the NY Democrats usurped the organizations bones in the nineteenth century. And the "Sainting" of Tammany goes back to at least 1738, Philadelphia. Tammanend was the Delaware Chief who sold William Penn his original land at the founding of the Pennsylvania Colony.

The high life of the city—its dancing assemblies and concerts, its fishing parties on the Schuylkill, its cock fight and other wordly diversions—were hardly interrupted by the Revolution. The exclusive Schuylkill Fishing Company of the State in Schuylkill did, in a splendid patriotic gesture, deed back to the United States the complete extraterritorial rights it had secured from colonial governors (a gesture it lived to regret during prohibition days). But during the time of the British occupation, the “heavenly, sweet, pretty redcoats” (as the Tory belles viewed the invaders) gave a ball—the famous Mischianza—of such size and splendor it is still talked about in Pheladelphia. After the British quit the city and before hostilities had altogether ceased, the French minister, to celebrate the birth of the Dauphin, presented an entertainment that made even the Mischianza seem modest. “Indeed,” wrote a German visitor to Philadelphia in 1783, “the long sojourn of many foreigners, military men and others, has greatly changed manners, tastes, and ideas, widening and increasing a disposition for all pleasures.”

And Tammany was the Chief who signed over hunting and fishing rights, in perpetuity, to all his open oodlands to the Phildelphia members of the Schuylkill Fishing Company and Company of Fort St. David's, thereby preventing the "Crown" from barring Robin of Loxley and his Merry Men from Sherwood Forest! These Philadelphia revellers eventually teamed up with members of the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club to form the First Troop, Philadelphia Cavalry... and found the US Marine Corps. Fish House Punch, anyone?

When the Fairmount Dam was constructed, the company moved to a point downstream, and approximately 90 years after its founding, it closed due to high pollution levels that destroyed fish populations in the tidal Schuylkill (Philadelphia City Planning Commission, 1982).

The recipe for true Fish House Punch was kept secret for almost 200 years. The formula was first developed at the Fish House Club, a.k.a. the State in Schuylkill, or simply the Schuylkill Fishing Company in Philadelphia, an organization formed in 1732 by a group of anglers who liked to cook. They spent their days fishing for perch in the Schuylkill River, and as the sun went down, they headed to the clubhouse to make dinner with their catch.

These days, if you want to join the Fish House Club, you'd better be prepared to learn their culinary methods the hard way--you must perform "menial tasks" in their kitchen until a spot opens up, and it's mandatory that you're cheerful about it. But you'll be in good company--they say that Revolutionary War hero the Marquis de Lafayette donned a white apron and helped prepare dinner when he visited the club a few years after Washington's 1787 visit. The club seems to attract the right sort of people.

So popular was the white perch that when the oldest club of its kind in the world, The Schuylkill Fishing Company, formed near Philadelphia in 1732, the white perch was adopted onto its flag of state.

May 1, 1888. The "State in Schuylkill" the Schuylkill Fishing Company established in 1732, removed its "Castle" from the banks of the Schuylkill below Gray's Ferry to the banks of the Delaware, near Andalusia.

*http://www.libraries.psu.edu/do/digitalbookshelf/27843260/27843260_part_207.pdf

*[http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/top3mset/6824679 Milnor, W. An authentic historical memoir of the Schuylkill Fishing Company of the state in Schuylkill. From its establishment on that romantic stream, near Philadelphia, in the year 1732, to the present time. Philadelphia: J. Dobson.]

http://www.lcpgraphics.org/wainwright/W369.htm The Castle of the State in Schuylkill. / From nature & on stone M. Swett. (Philadelphia: Printed by P. K. & C. [Pendleton, Kearny & Childs], [1830]).

14 x 22 cm. (5.25 x 8.75 in.)

First appeared in American Turf Register and Sporting Magazine, I, No.5, p. 217 (January, 1830), and then as frontspiece in William Milnor, Jr.'s An Authentic Historical Memoir of the Schuylkill Fishing Company (Philadelphia: Published by Judah Dobson, 1830).

==Morris family==

===Samuel Morris===

-Samuel Morris (21 November, 1711 – April, 1782), son of [[Anthony Morris (II)]] was a merchant, born in Philadelphia, , took an active part in the affairs of the province. In 1756 he was commissioned by Governor [[Robert Hunter Morris]] an auditor to settle the accounts of the ill-fated Braddock expedition. He was a zealous advocate of independence, and during the Revolution was a member of the committee of safety and the board of war. In 1777 he was appointed register of wills of Philadelphia, which office he held until 1782. From 1779 till his death he was a trustee of the [[University of Pennsylvania]].

===Family===

Samuel Morris married Hannah Cadwalader. Their sons [[James Cadwalader|James]] and [[Samuel Cadwalader Morris|Samuel Cadwalader]] attended the Academy of Philadelphia in its earliest years; Samuel Cadwalader Morris became a member of the College (later the [[University of Pennsylania]]) class of 1760.

===External links===

*[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/morris_sam.html Biography and portrait at the University of Pennsylvania]

===Samuel Morris (II)===

--The second Anthony's grandson, Samuel, son of a third of that name, born in Philadelphia, 24 June, 1734; died there, 7 July, 1812, often served in the legislature.

He was elected "governor" in 1776 of the social club known as "[[Schuylkill Fishing Company|The State in Schuylkill]]," and re-elected annually until his death. He was also president for many years of the "Gloucester fox-hunting club." When the [[First Cavalry Philadelphia City Troop|first troop of Philadelphia city cavalry]] was organized, no fewer than twenty-two members of the club were enrolled in its ranks. Samuel Morris was elected its captain. The troop served through the campaign of 1776-'7 as [[George Washington]]'s bodyguard, and took an active part in the battles of [[Battle of Trenton|Trenton]] and [[Battle of Princeton|Princeton]], in which latter engagement Samuel's brother, Anthony, ensign of the troop, was killed. On temporarily relieving the command from duty in January, 1777, Washington returned his "most sincere thanks to the captain," and added that, although the troop was " composed of gentlemen of fortune," its members had "shown a noble example of discipline and subordination." For thus taking part in the Revolution, Captain Morris was disowned by the [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]], but he continued until his death to wear the dress and use the language of that sect, worshiping with them regularly.

===Cadwalader Morris===

--The first Samuel's son, Cadwalader, merchant, born in Philadelphia, 19 April, 1'741; died there, 25 January, 1795, was a member of the city troop of horse that was commanded by his cousin, Captain Samuel Morris. In 1783-'4 he was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental congress. He served at one time as an inspector of the Bank of Pennsylvania, whose establishment in 1780 he assisted by subscribing £2,500 to its capital, his father, Samuel, having given £3,000. The object of this institution was declared to be "the supplying of the Army of the United States for two months." In 1781 he was a founder and also a member of the first board of directors of the Bank of America. After the war he had an iron-furnace for several years at Birdsborough, Berks County, Pennsylvania, after which he returned to mercanthe pursuits in Philadelphia.

===Samuel Cadwalader Morris===

-Another son of the first Samuel, Samuel Cadwalader, patriot, born in Philadelphia, 29 May, 1743 ; died there in February, 1820, was a merchant, took an active part in perfecting the military organization of the state, and served as an officer during the Revolution. When bills of credit were issued by Pennsylvania in 1775, he was among those that were directed by the assembly to sign them. He was a member of the council of safety in 1776, and of the board of war at its organization. He assisted in equipping the state navy, and was appointed by congress to have the care of the prisoners of war within the limits of the state. He was in command of a company of militia at Princeton and Trenton. In a letter dated 24 December, 1776, addressed to the council of safety, he says: " Be not afraid, ye Tories shall not triumph over us yet. We will yet have our Day, and make them Tremble."

===John Morris===

--Another son of the first Samuel, John, lawyer, born in Philadelphia about 1739 ; died there, 9 March, 1785, was graduated in 1759 at the College of Philadelphia (now University of Pennsylvania), studied law, was admitted to the bar, and became eminent in his profession. In 1776 he was commissioned a justice of the court of common pleas, and in the same year, having ardently espoused the cause of the colonies, he was appointed quartermaster of the Pennsylvania troops, with the rank and pay of a lieutenant-colonel. The year following an emergency arose that compelled him to discharge the duties of attorney-general. Andrew Allen, who had held the office since 1766, and who, in the early part of the Revolutionary struggle, had taken sides with the colonies, terrified at the success of the British in New York, and at their approach to Philadelphia, became a Tory, and went over to the enemy. Important state cases, many of them growing out of the war, were then coming on for trial in the several counties. In this crisis Morris was appealed to by the supreme executive council to accept the attorney-generalship, which he did, although he had no taste for the work of his profession in connection with criminal law. His services at this time were valuable, and added to the esteem in which he was held by the authorities. In 1777 he became master of the rolls and recorder for the city and county of Philadelphia, which offices he held until his death. He was a member of the American philosophical society.

--The second Anthony's grandson, Anthony James, soldier, son of James Morris, born in Philadelphia in 1739; died there, 20 May, 1831, aided in organizing the first Pennsylvania battalion, and was appointed its major by congress, 25 November, 1775. He soon afterward accompanied his command to Canada, where he rendered important service. On 25 October, 1776, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel of the 2d Pennsylvania regiment of the Continental line, and on 12 March, 1777, was made colonel of the 9th regiment.

===Anthony Morris (IV)===

--Captain Samuel's son, Anthony, merchant, born in Philadelphia in 1766; died in Washington, D. C., 6 November, 1860, was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1783, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1787. He subsequently became a merchant, and was extensively engaged in the East India trade. In 1793 he was speaker of the Pennsylvania senate, and because as such he signed the bill providing for troops to suppress the Whiskey rebellion, he was disowned by the Quaker meeting, of which he was a member. During the administration of President Madison he was sent by the latter on a special mission to Spain, where he remained nearly two years. In 1800-'6 he was a director of the Bank of North America, and from 1806 till 1817 a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania.

===Samuel Wells Morris===

--Captain Samuel's grandson, Samuel Wells, lawyer, son of Benjamin Wistar Morris, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 September, 1786; died in Wellsborough, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 25 May, 1847, received an academic education, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and began to practise at Wellsborough. He was appointed judge of the district court, and subsequently elected and re-elected to congress as a Democrat, serving from 4 September, 1837, till 3 March, 1841.

===Caspar Morris===

-Another grandson of Captain Samuel, Caspar, physician, son of Israel W., born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2 May, 1805; died there, 16 March, 1884, was graduated at the University of' Pennsylvania in 1826, and after serving as resident physician to the Pennsylvania hospital and making a voyage to India as ship's surgeon, began practice in Philadelphia, where he continued to reside until his retirement from professional pursuits in 1871. He took high rank as a practitioner, and was lecturer successively on the theory and practice of medicine in the Philadelphia summer-school of medicine, on children's diseases at the Blockley almshouse hospital, and on the practice of medicine in the Philadelphia medical institute. He was a founder and manager, and from 1860 till 1890 vice-president of the Institution for the blind and a manager of the Protestant Episcopal hospital. He published "A Life of William Wilberforce" (Philadelphia, 1841) : "Memoir of Miss Margaret Mercer" (1848) ; "Letter to Bishop Alonzo Potter on Hospital Needs" (1851) ; " Lectures on Scarlet Fever" (1858); "Essay on Hospital Construction and Management" (Baltimore, 1875); "Rilliet and Barthel on Diseases of Children" and "Heart Voices and Home Songs," for private distribution.--Captain Samuel's great-grandson, Phineas Pemberton, lawyer, son of James Pemberton. born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, 2 May, 181'7, was graduated at Georgetown college, D. C., in 1836, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1862 he was given the chair of practice, pleading, and evidence at law and in equity, in the law department of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1884 he became professor emeritus. In 1840 he was president of the Law academy of Philadelphia, and in 1863-'4 was a vice-provost of that institution. He received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1884. Professor Morris is the author of "A Treatise on the Law of Replevin" (Philadelphia, 1849) and "Mining Rights in Pennsylvania" (1860), and edited John W. Smith's "Landlord and Tenant" (1856).

===Benjamin Wistar Morris===

--Samuel Wells's son, Benjamin Wistar, P. E. bishop, born in Wellsborough, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 30 May, 1819, was graduated at the General theological seminary in 1846, made deacon the same year, and ordained priest, 27 April, 1847. He was rector of St. Matthew's, Sunbury, Pennsylvania, for four years, and of St. David's, Manayunk, Philadelphia, for six years, when he became assistant at St. Luke's, Germantown, Pennsylvania, remaining there until his elevation to the episcopate. He was consecrated missionary bishop of Oregon and Washington territory, 3 December, 1868. In 1880 his jurisdiction was divided, Washington territory being set apart as a separate see, while Bishop Morris remained in charge of the diocese of Oregon. He received the degree of S. T. D. from Columbia in 1868, and also from the University of Pennsylvania the same year.

===James Cheston Morris===

--Caspar's son, James Cheston, physician, born in Philadelphia, 28 May, 1831, was graduated at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1854, and began to practise in Philadelphia, making a specialty of uterine and nervous diseases. He was physician to the Foster home for children from 1856 till 1860, from 1855 till 1859 to the Moyamensing house of industry, and from 1857 till 1872 to the Episcopal hospital. From October, 1862, till August, 1863, he served as contract surgeon in the army. From 1855 till 1863, inclusive, he examined, in connection with lectures on practice, materia medica, chemistry, and the institutes of medicine, in the University of Pennsylvania, and also lectured there on microscopic anatomy. He has received several patents for various inventions. His most important literary work has been his translation from the German of Professor C. G. Lehmann's "Manual of Chemical Physiology" (Philadelphia, 1856). He has also contributed largely to professional journals, and is the author of "The Milk-Supply of Large Cities" (Philadelphia, 1884)" "The Water-Supply of Philadelphia" ; "Annals of Hygiene"; and "Report of Philadelphia Water Department" (1886).

==Belmont Mansion==

'''Belmont Mansion''' is an historic mansion located in [[Fairmount Park]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]. Built in the early eighteenth century, the Mansion is one of the finest examples of [[Palladian architecture]] in the United States.

[[William Peters (lawyer)|William Peters]], an English lawyer and land management agent for the [[William Penn|Penn]] family, bought the property, then a group of farms, in 1742. Peters designed and built the mansion and planted formal gardens around it.

As the [[American Revolution]] approached, the estate passed to William's son, [[Richard Peters, Jr.]], who was born here. Richard served as [[Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly]], Pennsylvania State Senator and Judge of the United States District Court. An amateur scientist, he operated the estate farm as a working model of scientific agriculture.

Many prominent figures in the Revolution stayed at the mansion at this time, including [[George Washington]], [[John Adams]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], and [[James Madison]].

Peters was also a member of the Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery. Notably, he opposed the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.

After his death, the estate was transformed by commercial development such as railroads, stone quarries, oil refining and a country resort for private parties.

The property became part of Fairmount Park in 1869 as part of a program to preserve the quality of water. In anticipation of the Philadelphia [[Centennial Exposition]] in 1876, a large dining pavilion was built alongside Belmont Mansion. The site continued to be used for public entertaining until it became an historic house museum under the management of the American Women's Heritage Society in 1986.

The mansion lends its name to the surrounding neighborhood of [[Belmont District, Pennsylvania|Belmont]].

In May 2007, the Underground Railroad Museum was opened at the mansion.

===External links===

*[http://www.belmontmansion.org/ Official site]

*[http://www.schuylkillriver.org/Detail.aspx?id=205 Site at Schuylkill River Heritage Area]

==U. Penn biographies==

Look [http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/trustees.html here].

*Andrew Allen

*John Allen

*[[William Allen (loyalist)]]

*[[William Augustus Atlee]]

*Joseph Ball

*John B. Bayard

*[[Charles Biddle]]

*[[Edward Biddle]]

*[[William Bingham]]

*Robert Blackwell

*John Bleakley

*Phineas Bond

*Thomas Bond

*William Bradford

*George Bryan

*[[Edward Burd]]

'''Edward Burd''' (1751-1833), Trustee 1790-1831, Revolutionary officer with the rank of Major, Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court

Edward Burd, born in 1751, son of [[James Burd]], held the rank of Major during the Revolutionary War. He at some point held the office of prothonotary of the [[Pennsylvania Supreme Court]], and after the Revolution, he was a Justice of that Court. He married his cousin, Elizabeth Shippen, the daughter of trustee [[Edward Shippen]].

Burd served Penn in 1790 and 1791 as a trustee of the Academy and College of Philadelphia (the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in its original form), and then continued as a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania until his death in 1831. His son [[Edward Shippen Burd]] attended the Academy of Philadelphia, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1794, and would serve on its board of trustees from 1831 to 1839 and 1842 to 1844.

===External links===

*[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/burd_edward.html Biography at the University of Pennsylvania]

----

*[[John Cadwalader]]

*[[Thomas Cadwalader]]

*Samuel Campbell (clerk)

*John Carson

*[[Benjamin Chew]]

*Gerardus Clarkson

*[[George Clymer]]

*William Coleman

*Nicholas Collin

*[[David Conyngham]]

*William Coxe

*[[Alexander Dallas]]

*[[John Dickinson]]

*[[Jacob Duché]]

*Andrew Elliot

*John Evans

*James Ewing

*John Ewing

*Ferdinand Farmer

*Thomas Fitzsimons

*Edward Fox (secretary)

*[[George Fox]]

*[[Tench Francis]]

*[[Benjamin Franklin]]

*P. F. Glentworth (clerk)

*George Gray

*[[James Hamilton]]

*Robert Hare

*Justus H.C. Helmuth

*Henry Hill

*[[Francis Hopkinson]]

*[[Joseph Hopkinson]]

*[[Thomas Hopkinson]]

'''Thomas Hopkinson''' (April 6, 1709 - November 5, 1751) was a lawyer, public official, and prominent figure in colonial [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]].

Founder and Trustee 1749-1751

Thomas Hopkinson was born in London, in 1709, the son of Thomas Hopkinson, a scrivener and a member of [[Middle Temple]]. He was educated there, then immigrated around 1731 to Pennsylvania, where he became a merchant, lawyer, judge and natural philosopher as well as a friend of [[Benjamin Franklin]]. He worked with Franklin on several of his experiments on electricity.

Hopkinson held a number of legal and judicial positions, including judge of the vice-admiralty for the province of Pennsylvania. He was also a member of the Governor's Council. As a merchant, Hopkinson acted as agent for several London firms, and in partnership with William Coleman, imported and sold a wide variety of goods, including fabrics, spices, gunpowder and iron.

Hopkinson was a founder of both the [[Library Company of Philadelphia]] and the Academy of Philadelphia (now the [[University of Pennsylvania]]), and first president of the [[American Philosophical Society]]. He was also an active Mason. He married Mary Johnson in 1736, and together the couple had eight children. He died at Philadelphia in 1751, soon after enrolling his son [[Francis Hopkinson]] in the first classes at the Academy. One of his daughters married Reverend [[Jacob Duché]], and another Dr. John Morgan.

HOPKINSON, Thomas, lawyer, born in London, England, 6 April, 1709; died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 5 November, 1751. He was the son of a London merchant, studied law, and emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1731. He became deputy to Charles Reed, clerk of the orphan's court of Philadelphia county, and on the death of Reed was appointed his successor. He was also master of the rolls from 20 June, 1736, till 1741, deputy prothonotary, and afterward prothonotary of Philadelphia county. For several years he was judge of the admiralty, became a member of the provincial council on 13 May, 1747, and two years later a county justice. He participated in all the public enterprises of the time, was one of the incorporators of the library company, one of the original trustees of the College of Philadelphia, and also the first president of the Philosophical society. His attainments in natural philosophy were recognized by Benjamin Franklin, who remarked: "The power of points to throw off the electrical fire was first communicated to me by my ingenious friend, Mr. Thomas Hopkinson."

*[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/hopkinson_thos.html Biography and portrait at the University of Pennsylvania]

*[http://famousamericans.net/thomashopkinson/ FamousAmericans.net]

----

*[[James Hutchinson]]

*[[Jared Ingersoll]]

*John Inglis

*James Irvine

*David Jackson

*Paul Jackson

*Isaac Jones

*John Jones (clerk)

*Frederick Kuhl

*[[John Christopher Kunze|John C. Kunze]]

*Lynford Lardner

*John Lawrence

*[[Thomas Lawrence (mayor)]]

*Thomas Leech

*William Lewis

*[[James Logan (statesman)]]

*Joshua Maddox

*William Masters

*Timothy Matlack

*Samuel McCall

*Joseph B. McKean

*[[Thomas McKean]]

*John Mifflin

*[[Thomas Mifflin]]

*Samuel Miles

*Robert Molyneux

*William Moore

*Benjamin R. Morgan

*[[Robert Morris]]

*Samuel Morris

*[[Frederick Muhlenberg]]

*John P.G. Muhlenberg

*John Nixon

*[[Isaac Norris]]

*[[John Penn]]

*[[Richard Penn]]

*Rev. [[Richard Peters]]

*Hon. [[Richard Peters, Jr.]]

*[[Charles Pettit]]

*[[William Plumsted]]

*[[James Potter]]

*[[Samuel Powel]]

*William Rawle

*David Redick

*John Redman

*Joseph Reed

*[[David Rittenhouse]]

*[[George Ross (Pennsylvania Statesman)|George Ross]]

*James Searle

*John D. Sergeant

*[[Edward Shippen (III)]]

*[[William Shippen]]

*Jonathan B. Smith

*[[Matthew Smith (Pennsylvania Statesman)|Matthew Smith]]

*William Smith

*James Sproat

*John Sproat

*Alexander Stedman

*Samuel Sterret

*[[Amos Strettell]]

*[[Robert Strettell]] (1693-1762), Trustee 1749-1762, Merchant, City Councilman, Mayor of Philadelphia

Robert Strettell was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1693. In 1736 he came to Philadelphia.

In his new home he became known as a liberal member of the [[Religious Society of Friends|Quakers]], and a man of cultural and literary taste. He was a merchant by trade, but he served as a man of public trust. He was a member of the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia, a member of the Governor's Council, and Mayor of Philadelphia. He died in 1762.

Strettell was a trustee of the Academy and College of Philadelphia (now the [[University of Pennsylvania]]) from 1749 to 1762.

====External links====

*[http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/1700s/people/strettell_robt.html Biography at the University of Pennsylvania]

----

*Philip Syng

*Abram Taylor

*Edward Tilghman

*James Tilghman

*Joseph Turner

*Thomas Ustick

*Casparus D. Weiberg

*Thomas White

*William White

*[[Alexander Wilcocks]]

*[[Charles Willing]]

*[[Thomas Willing]]

*[[James Wilson]]

*John H. Winckhous

*[[Caspar Wistar]]

*Lloyd Zachary

==Templates for copying==

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