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==merge with [[The O.C. episode plotlines]]==
'''Polytheism''' is belief in, or worship of, multiple gods or [[deity|deities]]. The word comes from the Greek words ''poly+theoi,'' literally "many gods." Ancient religion was polytheistic, holding to a [[pantheon (gods)|pantheon]] of traditional deities. The belief in many gods does not necessarily preclude the belief in an all-powerful all-knowing supreme being, as the ruler and parent (often king and father) of gods and mankind.
Okay, so - there are two episode list articles for this series, [[Episodes of The O.C.]] and [[O.C. Episodes]]. This article has more information, so any extra stuff in the other one needs to be copied across, and then "O.C. Episodes" needs to be deleted. I have no knowledge of this programme so i cant really do it myself. I think this one then needs to be renamed to "List of The O.C. episodes" as its a more conventional name for episode lists (which i cant do because theres already a redirect page there). -- <span style="border:1px solid #ccc;background:#eee; padding:1px">[[User:Jeffthejiff|<span style="color:#333;font-weight:bold">jeffthejiff</span>]]</span> <span style="font-size:80%;color:#999">([[User_talk:Jeffthejiff|<span style="color:#999;">talk</span>]])</span> 15:04, 17 November 2005 (UTC)
I realise people are spending a lot of time on this page; it's good work. I don't want to interupt and mess up your work. However, is there any way someone could put per-series episode numbers in here? It would probably be more useful than the overall episode number in most cases. For example; "s03e17" as well as "68".--[[User:CalPaterson|CalPaterson]] 21:40, 25 March 2006 (UTC)
In polytheistic belief, gods are perceived as complex personages of greater or lesser status, with individual skills, needs, desires and histories. These gods are not always omnipotent or omniscient; rather, they are often portrayed as similar to humans (anthropomorphic) in their [[personality]] traits, but with additional individual powers, abilities, knowledge or perceptions.
I agree with Cal on the S(season)E(episode #) idea. I also think that we should create a suitable template and start making episode articles.--[[User:Rikkyc|Rikkyc]] 03:21, 29 April 2006 (UTC)
Philosphical perceptions of gods are different to the way they are portrayed in mythology. In philosophical traditions gods are seen as eternal, perfect at one with each other and collectively omnipotent. Neoplatonism taught the existence of 'The One', the transcendent ineffable God and unifying principle of polytheism. "The One is God": Plotinus 204-270 BCE
I have added the merge tag to [[The O.C. episode plotlines]] and after a few days, if I have no arguments, I will just use the content from this article and redirect that one to this. [[User:Masterpjz9|Masterpjz9]] 00:59, 29 May 2006 (UTC)
For polytheists, gods have multiple epithets, each with its own significance in specific roles, and have dominion or authority over specified areas of life and the cosmos. Greek gods are used to illustrate this: a god may be the god of music, such as [[Apollo]], the god(des) of a type of food [[Ceres (mythology)|Ceres]] or the god(des) of love [[Aphrodite]]. A god can also have a particular role in the god-hierarchy, such as [[Zeus]], the father god, or a god can be a god, designated to a certain geographical phenomenon, acosmological phenomenon, a region, town, stream or family, but also to abstract ideas such as liberation [[Dionysos]]. In mythology, gods can have complex social arrangements. For example, they have friends and foes, spouses and (illegitimate) lovers, they experience human emotions such as jealousy, whimsy or uncontrolled rage and they may practise infidelity or be punished. They can be born or they can die, only to be reborn. However such representations of gods are seen by the philosophers as hiding deeper spiritual truths.
:[[The O.C. episode plotlines]] has been merged with this one and redirected here. There was no info from the other page that I found would be useful here. [[User:Masterpjz9|Masterpjz9]] 12:36, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
==Mythology and the gods==
==Season 3==
In the Classical era, [[Sallustius]] (4th century CE) categorised mythology into five types:
Anyone know when/what the last epsiode is ? --[[User:DragonWR12LB|DragonWR12LB]] 04:11, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
:Maybe you should read the article? The final episode is on May 18. Also, Wikipedians don't like people discussing an article's subject on its Talk Page. The Talk Page is only for discussing the article itself. --[[User:Fozi999|Fozi999]] 15:15, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
::I did read the article also what the hell is the point of even having an article if you don't discuss the issue? --[[User:DragonWR12LB|DragonWR12LB]] 02:54, 12 May 2006 (UTC)
==Season 4==
#Theological
Should season 4 episodes start being included in the list? Seeing as they haven't aired and rumours still surround the plot, possibly making the episode summaries lack factual accuracy -- [[User:Ryan2807|Ryan2807]] 18:02 14 August 2006 (UTC)
#Physical
:The current text doesnt really spoil anything and is sourced from a reliable source. It also does not reveal much. It has been okay in other Lists.. so it should be o.k here. <font face="Tahoma" size="1"><small>[[User:MatthewFenton|'''<font color="#000000">Matthew Fenton</font>''']] ([[User_talk:MatthewFenton|Talk]] | [[Special:Contributions/MatthewFenton|Contribs]])</small></font> 18:19, 14 August 2006 (UTC)
#Psychological
#Material
#Mixed
::I still don't think season 4 episodes should be added yet. [[User:Iorek85|Iorek85]] made a good point on the talk page of the main [[Talk:The_O.C.#.22Spoilers.22_for_season_4|O.C.]] article by stating that the source of the season 4 spoilers isn't even appropriate for Wikipedia and that verifiable facts and viewpoints should be presented, not unconfirmed rumours, and especially not as fact. Furthermore, stressing the fact that [[WP:Not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_crystal_ball|Wikipedia is not a crystal ball]]. Therefore I think the season 4 episodes should be removed from this article for now, until the season 4 episodes have aired, only then when all the facts be known. -- [[User:Ryan2807|Ryan2807]] 13:30, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
The theological are those myths which use no bodily form but contemplate the very essence of the Gods: e.g., Kronos swallowing his children. Since divinity is intellectual, and all intellect returns into itself, this myth expresses in allegory the essence of divinity.
:Reveretd and isnerted {Future television}. <font face="Tahoma">[[User:MatthewFenton|{{{2|MatthewFenton}}}]] ([[User talk:MatthewFenton|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/MatthewFenton|contribs]])</font> 13:59, 18 August 2006 (UTC)
::What was the reliable source? FOX is a reliable source, but none of the fansites or spoiler sites are. The titles for the eps are fine, they seemed to be accurate enough last season, but the details are just rumour, unless, as the template says, they came from interviews or preview clips. (Even then, it's kinda murky; This is Wikipedia, afterall, not TV.com... [[User:Iorek85|Iorek85]] 23:37, 26 August 2006 (UTC)
== Individual Episode Pages ==
Myths may be regarded physically when they express the activities of gods in the world: e.g., people before now have regarded Kronos as time, and calling the divisions of time his sons say that the sons are swallowed by the father.
Everyone of the episode pages needs work. There are no cites, extended plots, and information that is best left out all together. Whoever is monitoring this page and those pages should read this [[Wikipedia:Centralized discussion/Television episodes]]. This is the policy created to establish guidelines for episode pages. If you do not have well referenced material try developing Seasonal pages until you do. [[User:Bignole|Bignole]] 12:51, 31 August 2006 (UTC)
The psychological way is to regard (myths as allegories of) the activities of the soul itself and or the soul's acts of thought.
== To do.. ==
The material is to regard material objects to actually be gods, for example: to call the earth Gaia, ocean Okeanos, or heat Typhon.
We need to convert all episode images to wide-screen. We should consider converting to {{tl|Episode list}} and getting all episode summaries down to 2 lines maximum.. keeping longer synopses to the individual pages. <small>[[User:MatthewFenton|Matthew Fenton]] ([[User talk:MatthewFenton|talk]] <small>•</small> [[Special:Contributions/MatthewFenton|contribs]])</small> 16:04, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
The mixed kind of myth may be seen in many instances: for example they say that in a banquet of the Gods, [[Eris]] threw down a golden apple; the goddesses contended for it, and were sent by [[Zeus]] to [[Paris]] to be judged. [[Paris]] saw [[Aphrodite]] to be beautiful and gave her the apple. Here the banquet signifies the hypercosmic powers of the gods; that is why they are all together. The golden apple is the world, which being formed out of opposites, is naturally said to be 'thrown by Eris '(or Discord). The different gods bestow different gifts upon the world, and are thus said to 'contend for the apple'. And the soul which lives according to sense - for that is what [[Paris]] is - not seeing the other powers in the world but only beauty, declares that the apple belongs to [[Aphrodite]].
: What's the best way of converting all the images to wide-screen? I've got ALL the episodes on DVD, so I can do it, but I need to know how big the wide-screen images should be and how I should add them to the article (should I just replace the existing images?) [[User:Jayden54|Jayden54]] 16:41, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
:If you have them on DVD that's great - the best way is to upload a new version over the present (click the image and scroll to the bottom) - Generally when getting images I resize to 66.77% of the original (thats around the size of most of these/the season 4 ones) - ones that need doing are: [[:Image:OC-101.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-103.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-112a.JPG]], [[:Image:OC-111.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-210.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-215.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-223.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-304.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-305.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-307.jpg]], [[:Image:OC-309.JPG]], [[:Image:OC-310.JPG]] - All the others should be a'okay - When all synopsises are trimmed down and the tables are converted it should start looking pretty good :) - Hoepfully ill be able to do some work converting them soon. <small>[[User:MatthewFenton|Matthew Fenton]] ([[User talk:MatthewFenton|talk]] <small>•</small> [[Special:Contributions/MatthewFenton|contribs]])</small> 17:22, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
:: I've just uploaded a new version of [[:Image:OC-210.jpg]], let me if that's what you want, and I'll do the others, except for season 1, because I don't have the wide-screen version of that (only the regular 720x480 version). [[User:Jayden54|Jayden54]] 15:16, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
::: That looks awesome :-) <small>[[User:MatthewFenton|Matthew Fenton]] ([[User talk:MatthewFenton|talk]] <small>•</small> [[Special:Contributions/MatthewFenton|contribs]])</small> 15:23, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
I have spent the past few hours converting the article to {{tl|Episode list}}. If possible could someone please find a 720x480 pixel image for each of the screenshots, as that would suit the new layout very well. Also could all the episode summaries be shrunk down to 3 lines. Thanks. [[User:Stickeylabel|Stickeylabel]] 01:40, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
:I have spent a further few hours adding new screenshots for the majority of episodes in 720x480 resolution. There are a few screenshots however, of which I cannot find a suitable replacement for. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks. [[User:Stickeylabel|Stickeylabel]] 05:28, 10 February 2007 (UTC)
==Episode Title Errors==
==Overview==
Polytheism refers to the honouring of 'many deities', each of whom is experienced and acknowledged as an independent, individual personality, not as an aspect or archetype of something else.
Polytheist belief systems have a number of deities or sacred beings. Some may have jurisdiction or governance over a large area, others may be associated with (e.g.) a particular river or town, or a particular family. Sacred beings may include [[spirits]], [[wights]], [[ancestors]], 'small gods'. Often individuals within polytheistic cultures will form relationships with a small number of specific [[goddesses]], [[deity|Gods]], or other beings while acknowledging their kinship to other discrete entities who are important within the [[culture]], [[cosmology]], and [[landscape]].
A lot of the episode titles aren't what they should be. It seems like whoever named them tried to sum up the plot of the episode, and they didn't use the actual episode title given by Fox or whoever names these episodes.
In polytheistic cultures, deities are experienced as complex personages. Many have particular skills or abilities but are not restricted to these. A goddess is unlikely to be, for instance, simply a 'goddess of grain' or a 'goddess of weaving', although she may have particular interest in these areas, just as a human musician is also a member of a family and a community, visiting shops and participating in political debates.
I fixed it.[[User:Seeninator|Seeninator]] 07:39, 4 February 2007 (UTC)
== Title of episode 2.13 ==
The [[pre-Christian]] culture of [[Europe]], and indeed many cultures around the world, have been, and in many cases remain, polytheistic, and polytheism is reviving in popularity in the West, often accompanied by a return to old texts and recreation of the rituals and way of life they describe. Present-day polytheistic religions include revivalist [[Hellenic polytheism]], some forms of [[Wicca]], and [[Ásatrú]]. Often they will attempt to reconstruct or re-establish a specific pre-Christian belief system, by studying its [[history]] and [[archaeology]], ancient writings (which may or may not be viewed as '[[sacred texts]]'), and the cultures which embraced it, to recreate a living [[spirituality]] that works within today's world.
Examples of ancient texts include the [[Iliad]],[[Odyssey]], the [[Epic of Gilgamesh]], or the [[Eddas]] - writings which make reference to deities and other non-human beings, and give insight into the worldviews of those who composed them.
[[User:Adelyna|Adelyna]] and I have been in a minor dispute lately about the name of episode 2.13 which I believe is called "The Test", and Adelyna believes it's called "The Father Knows Best". [http://www.fox.com/oc/recaps/213.htm According to the official website] it's called "The Test", so I'm almost certain I'm right, but Adelyna claims that the DVD of the second season lists it as "The Father Knows Best", but I can't verify this since I don't have the DVD myself. For now I've reverted all of Adelyna's actions, and will continue to do so under the assumption that it's called "The Test" (which would make more sense considering the plot of that episode). Cheers, [[User:Jayden54|Jayden54]] 07:20, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
==Ancient polytheism==
Well-known polytheistic pantheons in Pre-history include the [[Mesopotamian mythology|Sumerian]] gods and the [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptian]] gods. Whilst historical classical attested pantheon includes the [[Ancient Greek religion]], and [[Roman Religion]]. Post classical polytheistic religions include [[Norse mythology|Norse]] Æsir and Vanir, the [[Yoruba mythology|Yoruba]] Orisha, the [[Aztec mythology|Aztec]] gods, and many others. Today, most historical polytheistic religions are pejoratively referred to as "mythology", though the stories cultures tell about their gods should be distinguished from their [[cultus]] or religious practice. For instance deities portrayed in conflict in mythology would still be worshipped sometimes in the same temple side by side, illustrating the distinction in the devotees mind between the myth and the reality. The theoretical Proto-Indo-European religion, from which perhaps the Greek, Roman, Vedic, German, Slavic and Persian may have descended was, it is speculated, an essentially naturalist numenistic religion. Some deities from this religion, such as Dyeus and Mitra, were preserved in the daughter religions.
:I just did a quick Google check, and it appears that the episode is called "The Father Knows Best" on the DVD (see [http://www.amazon.com/O-C-Complete-Second-Season/dp/B0009K7QZ8]), but I think we should stick we the original title, which is also listed on the official website. [[User:Jayden54|Jayden54]] 07:25, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
Few ancient religions, indeed, were ''not'' polytheistic. Those that weren't include possibly early Vedic [[Hinduism]] (which has been termed at the most [[Henotheism|henotheistic]] or inclusive monotheism with groundings of monistic, and polytheistic philosophy). Possibly some of the Mystery religions of the [[Greek mythology|Greek]]s and [[Roman mythology|Roman]]s. The [[Abrahamic religion]]s, dualistic [[Zoroastrianism]] and [[Mithraism]], and the short-lived [[Aten|Atenism]] promulgated by [[Akhenaten]] in Egypt in the [[1350s BC]].
::Press release has it down as "[http://www.thefutoncritic.com/listings.aspx?id=20050127fox14 The Test]". [[User:Matthew|Matthew]] 07:34, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
==Single episodes==
In many civilizations, pantheons tended to grow over time. Deities first worshipped as the patrons of cities or places came to be collected together as empires extended over larger territories. Conquests could lead to the subordination of the elder culture's pantheon to a newer one, as in the Greek [[Titanomachia]], and possibly also the case of the [[Æsir]] and [[Vanir]] in the [[Norse mythology|Norse mythos]]. Cultural exchange could lead to "the same" deity being renowned in two places under different names, as with the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans, and also to the introduction of elements of a "foreign" religion into a local cult, as with Egyptian [[Osiris]] worship brought to ancient Greece.
I plan on redirecting these per [[WP:EPISODE]] soon. Information from multiple secondary sources must be present for a single episode to need an article. This includes reception and development. Single plot summaries and trivia don't make a substantial article. I suggest [http://www.wikia.com/wiki/Wikia Wikia] and [http://www.tv.com/ tv.com] as alternate venues for this information. [[User:TTN|TTN]] 21:27, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
== Episode naming ==
Most ancient belief systems held that gods influenced human lives. However, the Greek philosopher [[Epicurus]] held that the gods were living, incorruptable, blissful beings who did not trouble themselves with the affairs of mortals, but who could be perceived by the mind, especially during sleep. Epicurus believed that these gods were material, human-like, and that they inhabited the empty spaces between worlds.
I noticed the episodes that need to be disambiguated from other things have the extension ''(The O.C. episode)'' rather than the conventional just ''(The O.C.)''. I would like to move all of the episodes to conform to the [[WP:TV-NC]] standards, but want to make sure I am doing the right thing and that this isn't a special exemption like for ''[[The Simpsons]]'' episode articles. Let me know. '''<font color="FF4500">[[User:Bmitchelf|bmitchelf]]</font>'''•[[User talk:Bmitchelf|T]]•'''''<font color="FF0000">[[User:Bmitchelf/Favorites|F]]</font>''''' 05:30, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
==Gods and divinity==
[[Hard polytheism|Hard polytheists]] believe that gods are distinct and separate beings. Hard polytheists may believe in a unifying principle such as the One of the Platonists.
[[Soft polytheism|Soft polytheists]] regard their multiplicity of Gods as being manifestations of either common entities, or representing different aspects or facets of a single personal God, the latter also sometimes known as "inclusive monotheists", as are many modern neopagan groups.
The [[Greek mythology|Greek]] gods provide an example. The ancient Greeks believed that their gods were independent deities who weren't aspects of a great deity and did stand on their own. Soft polytheism means that the person practicing a polytheistic religion believes that their gods are aspects of another God or Goddess. In the case of the Ancient [[Egypt|Egyptians]] this comes in the form of triads or triple gods or goddesses. They believed that certain gods were aspects of a great God. [[Amon]] was an aspect of [[Ra]] and was usually known as [[Amon-Ra]]. The triple Gods [[Ptah]]-[[Sokar]]-[[Osiris]] to give an example shows that even though their Gods may have distinct personalities and traits, they are considered to be aspects of an another deity.
==Hinduism==
The system prevalent in [[Hinduism]] is defined by the [[Smartism|Smarta]] philosophy and sect; this theory allows for the veneration of numberless deities, on the understanding that all of them are but manifestation of one impersonal divine power. That ultimate power is termed [[Brahman]] (not to be confused with [[Brahma]]) or [[Brahman|Atman]], and is believed to have no specific form, name or attribute. Because the ultimate power is impersonal, the system is monistic. [[Smarta]] theologians are influenced by the [[Advaita]] philosophy expounded by [[Sankara]]. By contrast, a [[Vaishnavite]] or [[Saivite]] considers [[Vishnu]] or [[Shiva]] respectively, as the only true God worthy of worship, and worship of other forms as subordinate or simply incorrect.
==Buddhism==
''See also [[God in Buddhism]], [[Deva (Buddhism)#Devas vs. gods|Devas vs. Gods]], and [[Nontheistic#Nontheism in Buddhism|Nontheism in Buddhism]]''
In [[Buddhism]], there are higher beings commonly designed as gods, [[Deva (Buddhism)|Devas]]. However, Buddhism does not teach the notion of praying nor worship to the Devas or any god(s).
Devas, in general, are beings who have had more positive [[karma]] in their past lives than humans. Their lifespan eventually ends. When their lives end, they will be reborn as devas or as other beings. When they accumulate negative karma, they are reborn as either human or any of the other lower beings. Humans and other beings could also be reborn as a deva in their next [[Rebirth (Buddhism)|rebirth]], if they accumulate many positive [[Karma in Buddhism|karma]], however it is not recommended.
Buddhism flourished in different countries, but it may have polytheistic features there, but generally the "local" types Buddhism are mixed from part of that country's [[folk religion]] and the "proto-Buddhism". For example, in [[Japan]], Buddhism, mixed with [[Shinto]], which worships [[kami]]s ( or nature spirits), created a tradition which prays to the kamis. Thus, there may be elements of worship of gods in some forms of later Buddhism.
==Comparison to Monotheism and Dualism==
Main article: [[Monotheism]]
Monotheism, in contrast with polytheism, believes in the existence of only one of the gods.
Main article:[[Dualism]]
Dualism teaches that there are two independent divine beings or eternal principles, e.g.: sometimes the one good, and the other evil, as set forth especially in Zoroastrianism but more fully in its later offshoots in Gnostic systems, such as Manichaeism. The monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam teach a modified dualism. [[Dualism]] is a monotheistic philosophy that teaches that a personal God is separate from his creation, there are therefore two ultimate realities. In contrast [[Monism]] teaches that there is one transcendent impersonal unity and that the material world is an illusion, there is therefore only one reality .
From this perspective, certain forms of monistic and dualistic philosophies are polytheistic (e.g. [[dharmic religions]], [[animism]]) and others are monotheistic respectively (e.g. [[gnosticism]], [[Islam]]) and a number of [[Christian]] denominations), while others are not (e.g. orthodox [[Judaism]], [[Sikkhism]], [[Kabbalah]], [[panentheism]]).
==References==
Blain, Jenny (2004) ''[http://www.manygods.org.uk/articles/traditions/polytheism.html An Understanding of Polytheism]''. Quotation used here with the author's permission.
==Further reading==
Greer, John Michael (2005) ''A World Full of Gods: An Inquiry Into Polytheism''. ISBN 0-9765681-0-1
==See also==
*[[Celtic polytheism]]
*[[Integrational Polytheism]]
{{belief systems}}
==External links==
* [http://www.godchecker.com godchecker.com] – a very lighthearted and irreverent God database
* [http://www.manygods.org.uk/ The Association of Polytheist Traditions - APT ] A UK-based community of Polytheists with a website and a discussion group open to non-members, and a closed list for paid-up members.<nowiki><nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki></nowiki>
* [http://uk.groups.yahoo.com/group/Britpoly/ BritPoly discussion group] The Association of Polytheist Tradition's (APT) discussion group open to non-members. All polytheists are welcome, though the emphasis and style of the group is based on that of the UK.
* [http://www.paganfed.org/] The Pagan Federation - A predominantly polytheistic educational and campaigning organisation serving the Pagan community.
[[Category:Polytheism| ]]
[[ca:Politeisme]]
[[cs:Polyteismus]]
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[[es:Politeísmo]]
[[eo:Politeismo]]
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[[fr:Polythéisme]]
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[[he:פוליתאיזם]]
[[lt:Politeizmas]]
[[nl:Polytheïsme]]
[[ja:多神教]]
[[no:Polyteisme]]
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[[ru:Политеизм]]
[[scn:Politeismu]]
[[simple:Polytheism]]
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[[sv:Polyteism]]
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[[uk:Політеїзм]]
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