William Allen (cardinal) and Indiana Jones (character): Difference between pages

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{{Indiana Jones character|

'''William Allen''' (1532-1594), English Catholic priest and [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]].

image= [[Image:IndianaTempleDoom.jpg|Indiana Jones as portrayed by Harrison Ford|250px]]|

caption = [[Harrison Ford]] as Indiana Jones|

name=Henry "Indiana" Jones Jr.|

gender=[[Male]]|

birth= [[July 1]], [[1899]]|

birthplace= [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]]|

occupation= [[Professor]] of [[Archaeology]]|

family = [[Henry Jones Sr.]] (Father)<br /> [[Anna Jones (Indiana Jones Character)|Anna Jones]] (Mother, deceased)|

actor=[[Harrison Ford]]<br/>[[River Phoenix]]<br/>[[Sean Patrick Flanery]]<br/>[[Corey Carrier]]<br/>[[George Hall (actor)|George Hall]]<br/>[[Doug Lee (voice actor)|Doug Lee]]|

first=''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''|

}}

'''Dr. Henry "Indiana" Jones, Jr.''' (also known as '''Indy'''), is a [[fictional]] [[professor]], [[archaeologist]], and [[adventurer]] - the main protagonist of the [[1981 in film|1981]] [[adventure film]] ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (later retitled ''Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark''), its prequel ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'', and sequel, ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''. Jones is notable for his trademark [[bullwhip]], [[fedora (hat)|fedora]], [[leather jacket]], and [[ophidiophobia|fear of snakes]].

The character is most famously played by [[Harrison Ford]]; however, he has also been portrayed by [[River Phoenix]] (as the young Indiana in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]''), [[Corey Carrier]], [[Sean Patrick Flanery]], and [[George Hall (actor)|George Hall]] (''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'').

Born at Rossall, [[Lancashire]], in [[1532]], the third son of John Allen, at the age of fifteen in [[1547]] he entered [[Oriel College, Oxford]], graduated B.A. in [[1550]], and was elected Fellow of the College. In [[1554]] he proceeded M.A., and two years later in [[1556]] was chosen to become principal of [[St Mary Hall, Oxford|St Mary Hall]] and [[proctor]]. He seems also to have held briefly to a canonry at [[York]] in or about [[1558]], in which case he would have to have already been [[tonsure]]d, a sign that he had already determined to embrace the ecclesiastical state. On the accession of [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]], and the re-establishment of Protestantism, he refused the oath of supremacy and was disciplined, but remained in the University until [[1561]]. His known opposition to the New Religion forced him to leave England and in that year, having resigned all his preferments, he left the country and sought a refuge in the university town of [[Louvain]], to join many students who had left the English universities for conscience's sake. Here he continued his theological studies and began to write controversial treatises. The following year, however, we find him back in England, devoting himself, though not yet in priest's orders and suffering ill health, to evangelizing his native county. He worked to restrain those [[Catholic]]s who attended the new Anglican church services in order to save their property from confiscation. During this period of clandestine ministry as a missioner in England he formed the conviction that the people were not Protestant by choice, but by force of circumstances; and the majority were only too ready, in response to his preaching and ministrations, to return to Catholicism. He was convinced that the Protestant wave over the country, due to the action of Elizabeth, could only be temporary. When his presence was discovered by the government, he fled Lancashire and retired to the [[Oxford, England|Oxford]] area, where he influenced many of the students. After writing a treatise in defence of the priestly power to remit sins, he was obliged to retire to [[Norfolk]], under the protection of the the family of the Duke of Norfolk, but was obliged to leave for the Continent soon after, in [[1565]]. This time, had he but known it, he was leaving England for good. Returning to the Low Countries, he was ordained priest at [[Malines]] in [[Flanders]] shortly afterwards and began to lecture in [[theology]] at the [[Benedictine]] college there.

In addition to his film and television appearances, the character has been featured in novels, comics, video games, and other media. A [[Indiana Jones 4|fourth film]] (once again starring Ford) is currently in production; filming is scheduled to take place throughout 2007, with the film planned to be released worldwide on Thursday, May 22nd, 2008.

==The Great Enterprise==

==Production==

In [[1567]] he went to [[Rome]] for the first time, and conceived his plan for establishing a college where English students could live together and finish their theological course. This was linked to the conviction, arising from his experience as a missioner, that the whole future of the Catholic Church in England depended on there being a supply of trained clergy and controversialists ready to come into the country when Catholicism would again be restored. The idea subsequently developed into the establishing of a missionary college, or [[seminary]], to supply priests to England as long as the country remained separated from the Holy See. With the help of friends, and notably of the Benedictine abbots of the neighbouring monasteries, a beginning was made in a hired house at [[Douai]] on Michaelmas Day, [[September 29]], [[1568]], which marked the inauguration of the [[English College, Douai]]. Here Allen was to be joined by many English exiles. Douai was thought of as a suitable place for Allen's new college because of the recent foundation there of the [[University of Douai]] by Pope [[Paul IV]], under the patronage of King [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] of Spain (in whose dominions Douai then was).

Indiana Jones is modeled after the strong-jawed heroes of the matinée [[serial]]s and [[pulp magazine]]s that [[George Lucas]] and [[Steven Spielberg]] enjoyed in their childhoods (such as the [[Republic Pictures]] [[serial]]s, and the [[Doc Savage]] series). The two friends first discussed the project in [[Hawaii]] during the time of release of the first ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' film.<ref name="makingraiders">"[http://www.indianajones.com/raiders/bts/news/news20030923.html Making ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'']." September 23, 2003. [http://www.indianajones.com/ IndianaJones.com]</ref> Spielberg told Lucas how he wanted to direct a [[James Bond]] film - Lucas responded that he "had something better than that".<ref name="makingraiders" />

The character was originally named Indiana Smith, after an [[Alaskan malamute]] Lucas owned in the 1970s; however Spielberg disliked the name "Smith", and Lucas casually suggested "Jones" as an alternative.<ref name="makingraiders" />

The element for which Allen's college is now most famous, though it was not part of his original scheme, was the sending over of missionaries to work for the conversion of England in defiance of the law. Among the "[[seminary priest]]s", as they were called, over one hundred and sixty former students of Douai are known to have been put to death. Many more suffered in prison for their Faith. Yet such was the spirit which Allen infused into his students that they rejoiced at the news of each successive martyrdom, and by a special privilege sang a solemn Mass of thanksgiving.

==Rome=Costume and Rheimsequipment===

The general appearance for the character of Indiana Jones was chosen before anyone was even cast. He was envisioned as an amalgam of several characters - most notably treasure hunter Fred C. Dobbs (as played by [[Humphrey Bogart]] in ''[[The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)|The Treasure of the Sierra Madre]]''), and adventurer Harry Steele (as played by [[Charlton Heston]] in ''[[Secret of the Incas]]''[http://www.spookybug.com/origins/general.html]).

Upon requests by Spielberg and Lucas, the costume designer gave the character a distinctive silhouette through the styling of the hat; after examining many hats, the designers chose a tall-crowned, wide-brimmed [[Fedora (hat)|fedora]], the [[Herbert Johnson]] Poet. Although other hats were also used throughout the movies, the general style and profile remained the same. Other elements of the outfit include:

When the number of students had risen rapidly to one hundred and twenty, the Pope summoned Allen to Rome to establish a similar college there. In 1575 Allen made a second journey to Rome, where he helped Pope Gregory XIII to found another college For this purpose possession was obtained of the ancient English hospice in Rome, now turned into a seminary to send missionaries to England and [[Jesuit]]s were placed there to help Dr [[Maurice Clennock]], the rector. The pope appointed Allen to a canonry in [[Kortrijk]] and sent him back to Douai in July [[1576]], but here he had to face a new difficulty. Besides the reported plots to assassinate him by agents of the English government, the insurgents against Spain, urged on by Elizabeth's emissaries, expelled the students from Douai as being partisans of the enemy (March 1578). Allen moved his establishment to [[Rheims]] under the protection of the House of Guise. The collegians took refuge at the University of Rheims, where they were well received, and continued their work as before, Allen being soon afterwards elected canon of the Cathedral Chapter. Often during the College's history at both Douai and Rheims more students were received than the income warranted, a course rendered necessary by the urgent state of Catholic affairs, which Allen met in the spirit of faith; and in the long run, means were never wanting. The names of Thomas Stapleton, Richard Bristowe, Gregory Martin, Morgan Philips, and others are themselves a sufficient record of the ability of Allen's early companions, and of the work done at the college. Allen had the power of instilling his spirit into his followers. They lived together without written rule, but in perfect mutual harmony, working for the common cause.

* The leather jacket - a hybrid of the "Type 440" and the [[A-2 jacket]], made by Wested Leather Co.

From the College press came forth a constant stream of controversial and other Catholic literature, which could not be printed in England on account of the Penal Laws. In this Allen himself took a prominent part. His writings are distinguished by extent of learning and theological acumen. One of the chief works undertaken in the early years of the college was the preparation Under Allen's direction of the well-known Douai Bible. The New Testament was published in 1582, when the college was at Rheims; but the Old Testament, though completed at the same time, was delayed by want of funds. It eventually appeared at Douai, in 1609, two years before the Anglican "Authorized Version".

* The bag - a modified Mark VII British gas mask bag.

* The whip - a 10ft Bullwhip crafted by David Morgan (although different lengths were used in specific stunts)

* The revolver - usually a [[World War I]] era revolver. Examples include the [[Webley Revolver|Webley Mk VI]] (''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade''), or a .45 ACP [[Smith & Wesson]] Hand Ejector 2nd model revolver (''Raiders of the Lost Ark''). He has also been seen using a [[M1917 revolver]], and a 9mm [[Browning Hi-Power]].<ref>http://www.indygear.com/gear/guns.shtml</ref>

Jones's Fedora and Leather Jacket (as used in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'') are on display at the [[Smithsonian]]'s American History Museum in [[Washington DC]][http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm?ID=125]. The collection of props and clothing from the films has become a thriving hobby for aficionados of the franchise.<ref>http://www.indygear.com/</ref>

==Political Involvements==

===Casting===

In [[1577]] Allen began a correspondence with [[Robert Parsons]], the Jesuit. He was summoned again to Rome in [[1579]] to quell the a disturbance that had befallen the English college between the English and Welsh students. It was during this visit that he was appointed a member of the Pontifical Commission for the revision of the Vulgate. Brought into personal contact with Parsons, Allen fell completely under the dominating personality of the redoubtable Jesuit, and submitted entirely to his influence. He arranged that the Society should take over the English college at Rome and should begin the Jesuit mission to England (1580).

Originally, Spielberg suggested [[Harrison Ford]]; Lucas resisted the idea, since he had already cast the actor in three of his movies ([[American Graffiti]] and the first two installments of the ''[[Star Wars]]'' series), and did not want Ford to become known as his "Bobby DeNiro" (in reference to the fact that fellow director [[Martin Scorsese]] regularly cast [[Robert DeNiro]] in his films).<ref name="makingraiders" /> During an intensive casting process, Lucas and Spielberg auditioned many actors, and finally cast then little-known actor [[Tom Selleck]] as Indiana Jones, and [[pre-production]] began in earnest on ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''.<ref name="makingraiders" />

However, [[CBS]] refused to release Selleck from his contractual commitment to [[Magnum, P.I.]] (which was gradually gaining momentum in the ratings), forcing him to turn down the role.<ref name="makingraiders" /> After Spielberg suggested Ford again, Lucas finally capitulated, and he was cast in the role - less than 3 weeks before [[principal photography]] began.<ref name="makingraiders" /> If for whatever reason Ford had not landed the role, a possible third choice for the movie was thought to have been [[Dirk Benedict]], star of the [[Battlestar Galactica]] sc-fi TV series, though this was never offcially confirmed.

Up to this point the career of Allen had won the universal admiration and gratitude of English Catholics, for what he himself termed his "scholastical attempts" to convert England. Such was not, however, the case with his political labours to secure the same end, which may be said to have begun about this time, and were far less successful. The famous Bull ''Regnans in excelsis'' was issued by [[Pius V]] in 1570, deposing Queen Elizabeth, and releasing her subjects from their allegiance, but this plan did not take practical shape till seventeen years later, when preparations were made for the invasion of England by the King of Spain.

===Models===

Returning to Rheims he joined in all the political intrigues which Parsons' fertile brain had hatched to promote the Spanish interest in England. Allen's political career now began. Parsons had already intended to remove Allen from the seminary at Reims, and for this purpose, as far back as the [[April 6]], 1581, had recommended him to Philip II. to be promoted to the cardinalate. In furtherance of the intrigues, Allen and Parsons went to Rome again in 1585 and there Allen stayed for the rest of his life. In 1587, while he was being manoeuvred by Philip's agents, he wrote, helped by Parsons, a book in defence of Sir [[William Stanley (Elizabethan)|William Stanley]], an English officer, who had surrendered [[Deventer]] to the Spaniards. Allen wrote that all Englishmen were bound, under pain of damnation, to follow this example, as [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]] was no lawful queen.

Many people are said to be the real-life inspiration of the Indiana Jones character - although it should be noted that none of the following have been confirmed as inspirations by Lucas or Spielberg. In alphabetical order by last name:

*[[Paleontologist]] [[Roy Chapman Andrews]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Dinosaurs in the Attic: An Excursion Into the American Museum of Natural History|first=Douglas J.|last=Preston|publisher=St. Martin's Press|year=1993|id=ISBN 0-312-10456-1}}, [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0312104561&id=CaBxisxbAfwC&pg=PA98&lpg=PA98&sig=v0aO-D_rCrUl-IRZHI0RoexkydQ pp. 97&ndash;98], "Andrews is allegedly the real person that the movie character of Indiana Jones was patterned after... crack shot, fighter of Mongolian brigands, the man who created the metaphor of 'Outer Mongolia' as denoting any exceedingly remote place."</ref>

Allen helped plan the invasion of England, and was to have been [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] and Lord Chancellor had it succeeded. Allen had the position of the head of the Catholics of England; and as such, just after the death of [[Mary Queen of Scots]], he wrote to [[Philip II of Spain|Philip II]] ([[March 19]], [[1587]]) to encourage him to undertake the enterprise against England, stating that the Catholics there were clamouring for the king to come and punish "this woman, hated by God and man." After much negotiation, he was made cardinal by Pope [[Sixtus V]] on [[August 7]], [[1587]], partly to ensure the success of the [[Spanish Armada]].

*Italian [[archaeologist]] and circus [[strongperson (strength athlete)|strongman]] [[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]] (1778&ndash;1823).<ref>http://www.filmsite.org/raid.html Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)</ref>

* [[Yale University]] professor, historian, and explorer [[Hiram Bingham III]], who rediscovered and excavated the [[lost city]] of [[Machu Picchu]],<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2005-09-22-peru_x.htm The trail less trampled on] in [[USA Today]] by Gene Sloan, September 23, 2005: "The iconic mountaintop citadel, discovered less than a century ago by American explorer Hiram Bingham, the inspiration for Indiana Jones, is a thrilling reward after days of exertion."</ref> and chronicled his find in the bestselling book ''The Lost City of the Incas'' in 1948.<ref>''[http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/LostCity.htm Lost City of the Incas]'' biographical profile from the United States Senate website</ref>

*The [[University of Chicago]] archaeologist [[Robert Braidwood]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maroon.uchicago.edu/news/articles/2003/01/21/obituary_robert_and_.php|title=Obituary: Robert and Linda Braidwood|author=Molly Schranz|publisher=[[Chicago Maroon]]|date=January 21, 2003|accessdate=2006-09-21}}: "Some say he was the real life inspiration for Indiana Jones."</ref> <!-- This is questionable; if anything, "Professor BraidWOOD" sounds more like "Professor RavenWOOD". Also unable to find other sources saying he served "as inspiration for". -->

<!--Removed, as not cited as inspiration for. *Adventurer and [[King Kong]] creator [[Merian C. Cooper]] has been called a real-life Indiana Jones.{{fact}}-->

<!-- Temporarily removed; seems to be promotional fluff*Adventurer and anthropologist [[Schuyler Jones]]. "Dr. [Schuyler] Jones refers to the international belief that he is the 'original' upon whom the 'Indiana Jones' films are based 'as just a rumor'. [http://www.harrisliterary.com/jones.html] -->

*Colonel [[Percy Harrison Fawcett]] (1867 – 1925?), perhaps the most quoted source of inspiration to the character of Indiana Jones, was a British archaeologist who disappeared in the Amazon jungle in [[1925]] while searching for a lost city.<ref>[http://home.earthlink.net/~larryorcutt/fawcett.html "Colonel Percy Harrison Fawcett" by Larry Orcutt]</ref>

*Religious archaeologist [[Vendyl Jones|Vendyl "Texas" Jones]] once claimed that he was the inspiration, citing his names (he notes that his first name trimmed becomes Endy &mdash; very similar to Indy), but this claim has reportedly been denied by Spielberg.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.watchman.org/reltop/filmdig.htm|title=Film Claims Disputed; Dig Shut Down: Vendyl Jones' Claims Challenged|author=James Walker|publisher=The Watchman Expositor|date=2005|accessdate=2006-09-21}}: citing [[Texas Monthly]], "Lucas and Spielberg say they've never heard of Vendyl Jones" and the original 1973 script by Lucas predates Vendyl Jones archaeological claims that are the supposed inspiration.</ref>

* [[William Jones (philologist)|Sir William Jones]] (nicknamed "India") (1746 – 1794), who was an English philologist, judge, and founder of the Royal Asiatic Society.

*Mayan archaeologist and U.S. spy [[Sylvanus Morley]].

<!-- Temporarily removed;*The fictional character [[Allan Quatermain]].{{fact}} -->

<!-- Removed. According to the reference, he's been "compared to Indiana Jones", but the reference doesn't say he "served as the inspiration for Jones." *Explorer [[Gene Savoy]] [http://umanitoba.fitdv.com/new/articles/article.html?artid=383]-->

* [[Germany|German]] [[philologist]] and archaeologist [[Otto Rahn]] (1904-1939) [http://books.google.com/books?id=oB7pBZ3s6dIC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=rahn+indiana&source=web&ots=XTezsjEyZ1&sig=qfT4iK63XCML1hYvVoaRiG4qeEw#PPA159,M1], whose (reluctant) membership in the [[SS]] stands in somewhat [[ironic]] contrast to the [[Americanization]] of the Indiana Jones character.

* [[Harvard]] professor [[Langdon Warner]] (1881-1955).

==Last YearsAppearances==

{{Main|List of Indiana Jones appearances}}

Since his introduction in [[1981]]'s ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' (later retitled on VHS and DVD box covers as ''Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark''), he has made appearances in two more feature films, a three-season TV series, dozens of novels, [[Indiana jones comics|comic books]], video games, [[Indiana Jones (role-playing game)|role-playing games]], and even his own [[Indiana Jones Adventure|amusement park rides]].

[[Image:IndianaJ.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Harrison Ford and Sean Connery on the set of [[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]].]]

===On Film===

Allen was then once more in Rome, whither he had been summoned by the Pope after a dangerous illness two years before. He never left the Eternal City again, but he kept in constant communication with his countrymen in England. It had been due to his influence that the Society of Jesus, to which he was greatly attached, undertook to join in the work of the English mission; and now Allen and Father Parsons became joint leaders of the "Spanish Party" among the English Catholics.

The initial trilogy of theatrical films (starring Harrison Ford) comprised of:

*''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' (1981) - set in [[1936]]

*''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' (1984) - set in [[1935]]

*''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'' (1989) - set in [[1938]]

In 1992, a [[television]] series named ''[[The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]]'' was first produced; the series aired from 1992 to 1996, and featured a 17-year-old Jones ([[Sean Patrick Flanery]]), a 93-year-old Jones ([[George Hall (actor)|George Hall]]), and a 10-year-old Jones ([[Corey Carrier]]). The show chronicled Jones's early life, beginning with his childhood travels with his father and carrying through to the solo journeys of his youth, his activities during World War I, and beyond. ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'' was originally conceived by Lucas as [[edutainment]], a vehicle to educate children about key historical events and important individuals. To this end each episode features an appearance by an important historical figure of the time integrated into the story. In one of the later shows, Harrison Ford (while filming ''[[The Fugitive (1993 film)|The Fugitive]]'') briefly reprized the role of Jones in a [[cameo]] appearance.

At the request of King Philip, Allen was created cardinal in 1587, and held himself in readiness to go to England immediately, should the invasion prove successful. In estimating the number of those who would be adherents to the scheme, however, Allen and Parsons were both at fault. The large majority of English Catholics, generously forgetting the past, sided with their own nation against the Spanish, and the defeat of the Armada (1588) was a subject of rejoicing to them no less than to their Protestant fellow countrymen. Allen survived the defeat of the Armada six years. To the end of his life he remained fully convinced that the time was not far distant when England would be Catholic again. During his last years there was an estrangement between him and the Jesuits, though his personal relations with Father Parsons remained unimpaired

The upcoming [[Indiana Jones 4|fourth Indiana Jones movie]] is in an advanced stage of pre-production, and is scheduled to be filmed in [[June 2007]] for a [[May 22]], [[2008]] release.<ref>[http://www.cinemafusion.com/index.php?/weblog/comments/official_indy_4_release_date_may_22_2008/ Cinema Fusion]</ref>

On his promotion Allen wrote to [[Rheims]] that he owed the hat to Parsons. One of his first acts was to issue, under his own name, two works for the purpose of inciting the Catholics of England to rise against Elizabeth: ''The Declaration of the Sentence of Sixtus V'', a broadside, and a book, ''An Admonition to the nobility and people of England'' (Antwerp, 1588). After the failure of the Armada, Philip, to get rid of the burden of supporting Allen as a cardinal, nominated him to the be Archbishop of Malines, but for some reason which has never been satisfactorily explained, the nomination, although publicly allowed to stand several years, was never canonically confirmed.

===Video Games===

Pope [[Gregory XIV]] gave him the title of Librarian of Holy Roman Church. In [[1589]] he co-operated in establishing a new English college at Valladolid, in Spain. He took part in four conclaves, though his influence was diminished after the failure of the Armada. Before his death, which took place in Rome, he appears to have changed his mind about the wisdom of Jesuit politics in Rome and England, and would have tried to curb their activities, had he been spared. Certainly his politicl involvements gave a pretext to Elizabeth's government, if pretext was needed, for regarding the Continental English seminaries as hotbeds of sedition.

The character has appeared in several officially licensed video games, beginning with adaptations of [[Raiders of the Lost Ark (Atari 2600)|''Raiders of the lost Ark'' for the Atari 2600]], ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'', and two adaptations of ''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Graphic Adventure|Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'' - one action oriented, one with a more overt adventure bias.

Following this, the games branched off into original storylines with ''[[Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis]]'', ''[[Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine]]'', and ''[[Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb]]''. Development was headed up by [[Hal Barwood]], and each game starred [[Doug Lee (voice actor)|Doug Lee]] as the voice of Indiana Jones.

He continued to reside at the English College, Rome, until the end. As a cardinal, Allen had lived in poverty and he died in debt, at Rome on [[October 16]], [[1594]]. He was buried in the chapel of the Holy Trinity adjoining the college.

A [[Indiana Jones 2007|new ''Indiana Jones'' video game]] is in development by [[LucasArts]], and is expected to coincide with the release of the upcoming fourth film.[http://lucasarts.com/games/indianajones/]

Allen's foundation at Douai survives today in two Catholic seminaries, Ushaw College, near Durham, and [[Allen Hall]], Cheslsea, London, the successor of [[St Edmund's College (Ware) | St Edmund's College]], Ware.

==Fictional character biography==

==Printed Works==

Indiana Jones is an [[archaeologist]] who divides his time between teaching at prestigious [[colleges]] and [[universities]], and field work - generally involving the "obtaining of rare [[Artifact (archaeology)|antiquities]]". Jones's activities often involve some personal risk, in some cases originating from rivals attempting to secure the same item. Advocating that "X never marks the spot", Jones is a strong believer in the value of painstaking research; however, he is also well known for occasionally taking shortcuts where necessary.

While his main area of expertise is archaeology, his secondary specialization is [[linguistics]]. He speaks a total of 27 languages to greater or lesser degrees, including [[Ancient Greek]], [[Latin]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[German language|German]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[American Sign Language]].{{fact|date=May 2007}}

The following is a list of William Allen's printed works: ''Certain Brief Reasons concerning the Catholick Faith'' (Douay, 1564); ''A Defense and Declaration of the Catholike Churches Doctrine touching Purgatory, and Prayers of the Soules Departed'' (Antwerp, 1565), re-edited in 1886; ''A Treatise made in defense of the Lawful Power and Authoritie of the Preesthoode to remitte sinnes &c.'' (1578); ''De Sacramentis'' (Antwerp, 1565; Douay, 1603); ''An Apology for the English Seminaries'' (1581); ''Apologia Martyrum'' (1583); ''Martyrium R.P. Edmundi Campiani, S.J.'' (1583); ''An Answer to the Libel of English Justice'' (Mons, 1584); ''The Copie of a Letter written by M. Doctor Allen concerning the Yeelding up of the Citie of Daventrie, unto his Catholike Majestie, by Sir William Stanley Knight'' (Antwerp, 1587), reprinted by the Chetham Society, 1851; ''An Admonition to the Nobility and People of England and Ireland, concerning the present Warres made for the Execution of his Holines Sentence, by the highe and mightie Kinge Catholike of Spain, by the Cardinal of Englande'' (1588); ''A Declaration of the sentence and deposition of Elizabeth, the usurper and pretended Queene of England'' (1588; reprinted London, 1842).

Jones believes that archaeology is the "search for fact - not truth" - as opposed to [[philosophy]].

==Some Studies==

''(Note : - the events in this timeline are drawn only from officially licensed media released or developed directly by [[LucasFilm]] or [[LucasArts]]. Novels, comics, and other ''[[expanded universe]]'' materials are not included, unless officially accepted as canon. Unless otherwise noted, events are sourced from The [[Young Indiana Jones Chronicles]])''<ref>{{cite news | title = Official Indiana Jones character timeline | publisher = Lucasfilm | date = 2007-01-23 | url = http://www.indianajones.com/marshall/character/indianajones/ | accessdate = 2007-01-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title = Unofficial Indiana Jones character timeline, including [[Expanded Universe]] | publisher = www.theraider.net| date = 2007-01-23 | url = http://www.theraider.net/information/timeline/index.php | accessdate = 2007-01-23}}</ref>

TF Knox, ''Letters and Memorials of Cardinal Allen'' (London, 1882); A Bellesheim, ''Wilhelm Cardinal Allen und die englischen Seminare auf dent Festlande'' (Mainz, 1885); ''First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douai'' (London, 1878); Nicholas Fitzherbert, ''De Antiquitate et continuations religionis in Anglia et de Alani Cardinalis vita libellus'' (Rome, 1608); E Taunton, ''History of the Jesuits in England'' (London, 1901); Teulet, vol. v.; the ''Spanish State Papers'' (Simancas), vols. lii. and iv.; a list of Allen's works is given in I Gillow, ''Biographical Dictionary of English Catholics'', vol. L, under his name.

===''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles''===

==Reference==

Indiana Jones was born Henry Jones Jr. to [[Scotland|Scottish]]-born [[professor]] of [[Medieval literature]] Dr. [[Henry Jones Sr.]] and his wife Anna Lauren Jones on [[July 1]] [[1899]], in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]]. His birth certificate shows the address of 10 Creighton Avenue, Princeton, NJ. Although his father calls him "Junior," Henry Jr. adopts the name of his beloved [[malamute]] [[dog]] "Indiana", insisting he be referred to as "''Indiana'' Jones" ("Indy" for short). It is unclear exactly when this decision is made - however, he was already being referred to as ''Indy'' by his peers at the age of 13.[http://www.theraider.net/information/timeline/childhood.php]

{{catholic}}

[[Image:Corey Carrier.jpg|left|thumb|Corey Carrier as 9 year old Indiana Jones.]]

{{1911}}

In [[1908]], Henry Jones Sr. embarks on a lecture tour around the world together with his wife and then 9 year old son. Numerous adventures ensue for the young Indiana Jones, including following an underground railroad in the Carolinas, meeting [[T.E. Lawrence]] in [[Cairo]], archaeologist [[Howard Carter]] in the [[Valley of Kings]], [[Princess Sophie von Hohenberg|Princess Sophie]] (daughter of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand]]) in [[Austria-Hungary]], [[Leo Tolstoy]] in [[Russia]], and visiting [[Nairobi]], [[India]], [[China]], [[Paris]], and [[Florence]].

[[Category:English cardinals|Allen, William]]

[[Category:English Roman Catholic priests|Allen, William]]

[[Image:Indiana Jones and the Cross of Coronado.jpg|right|thumb|A 13 year old Jones played by [[River Phoenix]] holding the [[Cross of Coronado]].]] In 1912, Jones is a [[Life Scout]] with the [[Boy Scouts of America]] in [[Utah]]. In April of that year, Indiana's mother Anna Jones contracts [[Scarlet fever]] and dies. Shortly after her death, Jones (whilst on a Boy Scout trip) attempts to secure the [[Cross of Coronado]] from thieves (''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade''). This incident forms the 'origin' of many of Jones's personal trademarks; one of the villains can clearly be seen as the inspiration for later costume choices, Indy first attempts the use of the [[bullwhip]] (receiving a small scar on the chin that would stay with him to adulthood), and he is given his first [[Fedora (hat)|fedora]]. It is also during this incident that he first develops a strong fear of snakes. Three years later, Jones (at the urging of his father) enrolls at [[Princeton University]]. During a [[spring break]] trip to [[Mexico]], he is kidnapped by Mexican revolutionaries and reluctantly plays a part in the [[Mexican Revolution]], under [[Pancho Villa]]. When he leaves Mexico, he travels to [[Ireland]], then England, and finally [[Belgium]] where he joins the [[Belgian Army]].

[[Category:1532 births|Allen, William]]

[[Category:1594 deaths|Allen, William]]

He joins the [[Western Front (WWI)|Western Front]], participating in the [[Battle of the Somme]]. During a [[Germany|German]] attack, he is taken prisoner. With the assistance of [[Charles de Gaulle]], he manages to escape and is assigned to the [[France|French]] army as a courier. He is sent to [[Africa]] and [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] as a [[lieutenant]]. His inability to read a [[map]] causes him to lose his intended unit, and he instead joins the historic [[25th Royal Fusiliers]] of the [[British Army]], commanded by [[Frederick Selous]] - a team collectively known as "The Old and the Bold". Amongst other missions, the team destroys a German train-mounted cannon, and briefly kidnap the German military genius [[Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck]]. During his stay in Africa, Jones becomes ill, and is treated by [[Albert Schweitzer]] (in the process meeting [[Barthélémy Bouganda]]). Shortly after his recovery, he is transferred back to the [[French Army]] and assigned a position as an [[spy|intelligence officer]]. Jones worked for [[French Intelligence]] for the remainder of the [[First World War]], going on undercover intelligence missions to [[Austria]], [[Barcelona]], [[Russia]], [[Prague]], [[Turkey]], [[Romania]], [[Italy]], and [[Istanbul]].

[[Category:History of Catholicism in Britain|Allen, William]]

[[Category:Former students of Oriel College, Oxford|Allen, William]]

[[Image:YoungIndianaJones.jpg|thumb|right|Sean Patrick Flanery as young Indiana Jones.]]

[[Category:Tudor people|Allen, William]]

Shortly after the end of the war (in [[1919]]), Jones embarks on an expedition to retrieve the [[Eye Of The Peacock]], a large [[diamond]] once owned by [[Alexander The Great]], traveling through [[Alexandria]] and [[Java]], eventually arriving in the [[South China Seas]]. Unable to recover the diamond, he returns to France and takes a position as a [[translator]] at the [[Paris Peace Conference]], becoming involved in the production of the [[Treaty of Versailles]], once again meeting [[T.E. Lawrence]]. He then returns to [[Chicago]], where he earns an [[undergraduate degree]] in archaeology, takes up the [[soprano saxophone]], and briefly works as a stuntman on an early [[John Ford]] [[Western (genre)|western]].

After completing his studies, he enrolls in a [[linguistics]] graduate program at the [[Sorbonne]] where first meets [[France|French]] archaeologist [[Rene Belloq]], a student studying for his [[Master's degree]] in archaeology. Belloq manages to win the Archaeological Society Prize with a paper on [[stratigraphy]], the majority of which was plagiarized from Jones' work. After completing his graduate program, Jones is hired for his first [[professor]]ial post at [[London University]]. The head of the university's archaeology department, Joanna Campbell, invites Jones to a dig in [[Whithorn]], [[Scotland]], on an expedition to investigate the legend of [[Merlin]]. There meets his future wife, Campbell's daughter Dierdre. Their marriage was cut short when she was killed in a plane crash during an expedition to [[Brazil]] in April of 1926.

Jones begins studying post-graduate [[archaeology]] at the [[University of Chicago]] under Professor Abner Ravenwood, also entering into a romantic relationship with the Professor's young daughter [[Marion Ravenwood|Marion]]. For reasons which are not documented, Jones leaves the Ravenwoods in approximately 1926, leading to a rift with Marion and his former mentor. After completing his [[Ph.D.]] in archaeology, Jones begins operating under the [[patron]]age of [[Marcus Brody]] (a friend of Jones's father who, in conjunction with prestigious [[museums]], funds archaeological expeditions and digs), and begins a regular post teaching [[Archaeology]] at Marshall College in [[Connecticut]]. (''Raiders of the Lost Ark'')

[[Image:Indiana Jones 2.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Harrison Ford as Jones in his Professorial role.]]

In [[1935]], Jones journeys to Ceylon (now known as [[Sri Lanka]]) to retrieve the idol of Kouru Watu, in the process meeting [[Nazi]] Albrecht Von Beck for the first time. Following his return to America, he is retained by the [[Chinese government]] to recover a mystical gem named [[The Heart of the Dragon]] from the ancient tomb of a Chinese emperor. (''[[Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb]]'')

===Feature films===

Immediately following these events, Jones travels to [[Shanghai]], where he is hired by the gangster [[Lao Che (character)|Lao Che]] to retrieve an artifact: an urn containing the remains of the emperor [[Nurhaci]]. Jones agrees to locate and recover the urn, in return for the Eye Of The Peacock, which has somehow come into Che's possession. He manages to retrieve the remains, and meets Che in a Shanghai club to perform the exchange. However, he is [[double cross]]ed and barely escapes with nightclub singer [[Willie Scott]] and his accomplice, a local boy named [[Short Round]]. Fleeing Lao Che, the group arrive in [[India]], where a group of villagers gets him to recover the [[Sankara Stones]] from the [[Thuggee]] (followers of the [[cult]] of [[Kali]]) (''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'').

In [[1936]], he travels to [[Peru]], to retrieve a golden [[Hovito Idol]] - however he is thwarted by his long time nemesis, archaeologist [[Rene Belloq]]. Upon his return to Marshall College, he is contracted by the [[United States]] [[government]] to retrieve the [[Ark of the Covenant]] before the [[Nazi]]s, who are at this time rising in power in [[Germany]]. Jones travels to [[Nepal]] to retrieve the Headpiece to the Staff of Ra - an artifact said to be capable of showing the final resting place of the Ark. In Nepal he once again meets [[Marion Ravenwood]], who is running a bar named ''The Raven''. After Marion's bar is destroyed by a team of [[Nazi]]s, the duo enter into a partnership to retrieve the Ark before the Nazis. (''Raiders of the Lost Ark'')

In [[1938]], Jones manages to recover the [[Cross of Coronado]] during a field trip to the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] coast - upon his return donating the artifact to [[Marcus Brody]] for museum display. Shortly after these events, he is contacted by [[Walter Donovan]] regarding the abduction of Jones' father by the [[Nazi]]s. Working with [[Austria]]n [[historian]] Dr. [[Elsa Schneider]], Jones manages to rescue his father from custody, and (together with [[Marcus Brody]]) they attempt to retrieve the [[Holy Grail]] before Donovan, Schneider and an [[SS]] officer named [[Colonel Vogel]] (''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'').

In May of [[1939]], Jones, following a visit by agents of the [[Third Reich]], discovers that the [[Nazi]]s plan to harness the power of [[Orichalcum]]. He collaborates with former pupil [[Sophia Hapgood]] in a quest to disrupt the [[Fuhrer]]'s plans, in the process locating the lost [[continent]] of [[Atlantis]] (''[[Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis]]'').

[[Image:Mo 37.jpeg|thumb|right|199px|Harrison Ford, in a cameo for an episode of ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'', set in 1951.]]

In [[1947]], while on an archaeological dig in [[Utah]], he is retained by the recently formed [[Central Intelligence Agency]] to investigate unusual activity in [[Kazakhstan]]. Jones discovers that rogue agents of the [[Soviet Union]], led by [[physicist]] [[Gennadi Volodnikov]], are searching for ancient [[relic]]s that form the mechanism of the [[Babylon]]ian Infernal Machine - originally housed in the [[biblical]] [[Tower of Babel]]. Jones, aided once more by [[Sophia Hapgood]], attempts to recover the artifacts before the Soviets (''[[Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine]]'').

==Artifacts==

* Idol of Kouru Watu (''[[Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb]]'')

* [[The Heart of the Dragon]] (''Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb'')

* [[Nurhaci]]'s Ashes (''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'')

* [[Sankara Stones]] (''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'')

* [[Hovito Idol]] (''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'')

* [[Ark of the Covenant]] (''Raiders of the Lost Ark'')

* Cross of Coronado (''[[Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade]]'')

* [[Holy Grail]] (''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'')

* [[Atlantis]] (''[[Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis]]'')

* Infernal Machine (''[[Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine]]'')

==Unclear canonicity==

As seen in the original versions of 'The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles', Jones (in [[1993]], at the age of 94) lives in [[New York City]], and has a daughter and several grandchildren. The exact age of the daughter is not explicitly mentioned; however given her appearance it seems reasonable to place her between 30 and 40 years old. For a [[1999]] video release, George Lucas opted to completely remove George Hall's bookend sections from 'The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles', and consequently their [[canon (fiction)|canon]]icity (and that of Jones' daughter and grandchildren) has become unclear.

As is often the case with expanded franchises, many of Indiana Jones's adventures within his ''[[expanded universe]]'' contradict the LucasFilm/LucasArts canon. The novel ''Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs'' states that Jones meets the smuggler Wu Han in 1933 - however it is later established in the videogame ''Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb'' that he meets the character in 1935.

== Influence on popular culture ==

Whilst himself arguably a [[pastiche]] of various prior [[adventurers]], the character can also be seen as a forerunner to (or in some cases direct influence on) other more recent fictional adventurers of a similar nature. These include:

* [[Lara Croft]], the self-styled [[Tomb Raider]] of the eponymous franchise

* Jack Colton, a [[mercenary]] and treasure-hunter seen in ''[[Romancing The Stone]]''

* Ben Gates, a [[cryptologist]] featured in the 2004 film ''[[National Treasure (film)|National Treasure]]''

* [[Symbology]] professor [[Robert Langdon]], protagonist of the novel and film ''[[The Da Vinci Code]]''

* [[Rick O'Connell]], an adventurer and treasure-hunter seen in the 1999 film ''[[The Mummy (1999 film)|The Mummy]]'' and ''[[The Mummy Returns]]''.

* The latter-day adventures of [[Dirk Pitt]], Special Projects Director of NUMA (the [[National Underwater and Marine Agency]])

* Sydney Fox, a female archaeologist and [[martial arts]] expert, star of the television series ''[[Relic Hunter]]''

* Johnny Thunder, an adventurer and archaeologist from the [[Lego Adventurers]] building toy theme.

* The "Cliffhangers" series of stories in the online comic strip ''[[Irregular Webcomic!]]''. This includes a spoof of Indiana Jones, (Montana Jones, North Dakota Jones, and Minnesota Jones )

The character of Indiana Jones has been directly referenced by several video game characters , such as : -

* Alabama Smith, protagonist of the ''[[Paganitzu]]'' computer game series

* [[Rick Dangerous]], as featured in the eponymous video game by [[Core Design]]

Various Indiana Jones references have found their way into popular culture:

* Numerous references in ''[[The Simpsons]]''; most notably in the episode "[[Bart's Friend Falls in Love]]", in which Bart recreates the opening sequence of ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'', with Homer doubling as both the angry Hovitos and the huge boulder.<ref name="SimpsonsParody">"[http://www.theindyexperience.com/zip_file_archive/simpsons_chase_video.zip] [[Simpsons]] parody of ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'', featuring [[Bart Simpson]] as Indiana Jones." January 23, 2007.</ref>

*In the Simpsons episode ''[[Kiss Kiss, Bang Bangalore]]'', in which the Nuclear plant is outsourced to [[India]], [[Mr Burns]] refers to a dinner engagement, where the main meal is 'scooped out monkey head' (a reference to ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'').

* A short parody near the beginning of ''[[The Rugrats Movie]]'', featuring a rolling boulder and the iconic theme. [[Tommy Pickles|Tommy]] calls himself 'Okey Dokey Jones', and carries a bullwhip (although [[Chuckie]] is dressed more like Jones with a Fedora hat, brown leather jacket, brown shoes, and bag)

* Another parody character was ''Mississippi Smith'', who had a cameo role in ''[[Aaahh!!! Real Monsters]]''

* In the opening sequence to the film ''[[UHF (film)|UHF]]'', [["Weird Al" Yankovic]] parodies the opening scene from the first movie

* In an episode of the [[NBC]] television show ''[[Friends]]'' ("[[The One with the Cooking Class]]"), [[Ross Geller]], a [[paleontologist]], is compared to Indiana Jones by a potential girlfriend - much to his delight: '''''Katie:''' A paleontologist who works out... you're like Indiana Jones.'' '''''Ross:''' ...I '''am''' like Indiana Jones!''

* In the popular online game ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' (during the [[Instance (World of Warcraft)|instance]] known as ''Uldaman'') the player encounters a quest for a staff and an amulet, which must be combined and placed within a miniature city (echoing the scene from ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'')[http://www.eeggs.com/items/47546.html].

* In the 2006 movie ''[[Pirates of the Carribbean: Dead Man's Chest]]'', [[Captain Jack Sparrow]] (in a homage to a similar scene in ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'' involving Jones's Revolver) is shown trying to draw his [[sword]], pausing for a moment as he realizes it is not there, then grinning sheepishly before the action continues. Also, on Cannibal Island in Dead Man's Chest, Captain Jack Sparrow running down the beach away from the Pelegostos giving chase appears to be an homage to Indy running from the Hovitos in Raiders of the Lost Ark, including a shot where for one moment the crowd appears closer to him than shown in the rest of the chase.

* Indiana Jones makes an appearance in the [[Adobe Flash|Flash]] movie ''[[Ultimate Showdown of Ultimate Destiny]]'', where he trips a [[zombie]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] with his bullwhip, and attempts to shoot [[Godzilla]] (only to realize, in a tribute to ''[[Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom]]'', that his revolver is missing). He is later defeated by a kick to the [[groin]], delivered by [[Chuck Norris]].

*The TV series [[Family Guy]] has several scenes in several episodes parodying or paying homage to Indiana Jones. One is a parody of the Raiders scene where Indy is attempting to remove an idol and replace it with a bag of sand, and whilst preparing, Ralph Kramden shouts, " WILL YOU JUST PICK IT UP ALREADY?! ". Also, in order to find his black book, Peter goes into the attic and uses a stick and an amulet to focus sun beams at the ___location of the book. In the famous Peter vs. Chicken fight in the episode '[[Da Boom]]', the eponymous chicken is eventually killed in a manner identical to (even mimicking the sequence shot for shot) the German in ''Raiders'': minced by a flying wing propeller. Also, in an episode in which Peter and his son Stewie go to a Disney Park, they steal disguises from the Indiana Jones ride, Peter dressed as Indy and Stewie as Short Round from The Temple of Doom. Stewie also portrays Short Round in one of the "quick-cut" scenes in which he accidentally triggers a trap and then remarks; "Lady only here cause she doing director."

*In another episode of [[The Simpsons]], the character 'Snake' appears wearing a similar outfit to Jones (complete with hat, jacket, and bag full of gold coins) stating that he is an archaeologist.

* Chip from the 1989 Disney cartoon series [[Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers]], appears wearing a fedora as part of his costume, the rest of his outfit resembles Jones's, but only in color as the jacket appears to be sheepskin, not leather.

* [[Kevin Smith]] has referenced Indiana Jones several times in his films, most memorably in ''[[Dogma]]'' where [[Silent Bob]] hurls antagonists Bartleby and Loki from a moving train, only to turn to the other passengers and 'explain' "No ticket!", a homage to the sequence in ''The Last Crusade'' where Indy throws Colonel Vogel from the Zeppelin's window with the same 'explanation' to the Zeppelin's passengers. Smith has also included minor references, such as [[Randal Graves]]'s "No time for love, Dr. Jones!", a quote from ''Temple Of Doom''.

* [[Muppet Babies]] made reference to Indiana Jones, namely when Baby Kermit would imagine himself as "Indiana Frog" with the same fedora, leather jacket and whip. One particular episode had the Muppet Babies searching for Baby Animal and overcoming their fear of the basement, believing it to be the Temple of Doom, in which they were trapped by Mola Ram and saved by Indiana Frog. Live action footage of the film combined with their adventures, namely the mine car chase scenes.

* Indiana Jones also appeared in posters promoting the [[public library]]. In one particular poster he is using his bullwhip to snag on to a branch in order to avoid a poisonous snake, and he is firmly holding library books in the other hand. The poster tells children the importance of bringing back their library books on time, with the words "Return the Adventure!" written in same style lettering on the film posters.

* [[ALF Tales]] spoofed "The Last Crusade" in an episode parodying the tale of [[King Midas]]. ALF is dressed as Indiana Jones, who is hired by King Midas (who has transformed his family into gold) to find the Holy Grail as it has the power to return them to normal. ALF is assisted by his girlfriend Rhonda who is an expert on the Grail. Several scenes are referenced, such as Indy's fear of snakes, which Rhonda tells him not to imagine them as snakes (ALF succeeds at somehow having them transform into cows, which Rhonda claims she is terrified of), or having to select the true Grail from a selection of several. (In this case, the True Grail is a coffee mug which reads "Bud's Donuts").

* [[Malcolm in the Middle]] spoofed Indiana Jones running from the boulder in the Season 4 Episode 13 "Stereo Store". Hal has a choice to stay and help close up the store with the boss or go party with his much younger, slacker co-workers. When he chooses to go party his boss hits the button that makes the metal security gate begin to close. Hal sees the security gate begin to drop and tries to beat it. While making a run for the door a cup of pencils gets knocked over into the fan making them projectiles that just narrowly miss Hal, much like darts when Indiana Jones is escaping the room with the golden idol. The door continues to close and a beach ball starts rolling after Hal. He looks back at it, screams and begins to run faster. He narrowly slides under the gate and reaches back under the gate at the last minute to grab his keys, similar to when Indy rolls under the door and reaches back to grab his whip. All the while the "Raiders March" music plays in the background.

* In the game [[Discworld (video game)|Discworld]], the main character [[Rincewind]] parodies the sand bag change from Raiders of the Lost Ark in a puzzle, he is then chased out of the cave by a boulder which eventually turns out to be a tiny pebble that was zoomed upon.

* At one point in [[Matthew Reilly]]'s [[Seven Deadly Wonders]], the characters are at the bottom of a ramp with a pipe at the top (inside a booby-trapped temple). When a rumbling comes from the pipe, one of them remarks, "Let me guess. A boulder is going to roll out of there and chase us down, just like in ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]''."

* Sometimes, in the video game [[Lego Star Wars II]], if the character of Wedge Antilles had had his blaster holstered for a while, when you tried to draw it, you would draw nothing but air, then he would check his other hip, find it there, and finally draw it, a possible homage to the scene from ''Temple of Doom''.

* In Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls there is a shot similar to the escape by Indiana from the Hovitos, where Ace is running across a grass plain with the Wachutu Tribe following behind him.

* In the video game [[GTA: Vice City]], in the mission Dildo DoDo you have to fly a water plane used in an "old Indy movie". This is referring to the water plane used in the first of the Indiana Jones movies, Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark.

* The video game [[Quackshot]], starring [[Donald Duck]] has several references to Indiana Jones, including the logo, clothing and scenes from the movie.

== DVD release ==

=== The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles ===

As detailed in the revised and updated edition of the book ''George Lucas: The Creative Impulse'' (by [[Charles Champlin]]), Lucas has been working for some time on drastically re-editing and restructuring the show for a [[DVD]] release. According to a statement by series producer [[Rick McCallum]] of [[Lucasfilm]], this work has been 'ramped up' in order for a boxset release to tie in with the theatrical debut of the as-yet-untitled fourth movie. Amongst other extras, the discs will include approximately 100 new historical featurettes, now in production. Major structural changes are alleged to have been made to the show, including the complete removal of the 93 year old Jones 'bookend' sections, extensive re-shoots, and removal of complete episodes for better historical continuity.

=== Feature films ===

[[Image:IndyDVD's.jpg|thumb|right|The 2003 DVD release of the feature films.]]

Chapters 23&ndash;25 of the Indiana Jones series (''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'', ''Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark'' and ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'', respectively) were released on DVD as a boxed set of all three films (complete with a fourth disc of bonus materials) in 2003.

'''Features'''

* Available Subtitles (US edition): English, Spanish, French

* Available Audio Tracks (US edition): English (Dolby Digital 5.1), Spanish (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround), French (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround)

* Contains all three films in their original format (2.35:1 anamorphic widescreen aspect ratio or in Pan and Scan format), restored and digitally remastered by [[Lowry Digital Images]]

'''Bonus disc features'''

* A new, feature-length documentary of the making of the trilogy

* From the Lucasfilm Archives:

** ''The Stunts of Indiana Jones''

** ''The Sound of Indiana Jones''

** ''The Music of Indiana Jones''

** ''The Light and Magic of Indiana Jones''

* Original trailers

* A behind-the-scenes look at Harrison Ford getting into character, both mentally and physically

* Weblink to exclusive content including dozens of behind-the-scenes photos, an animatic sequence and a PC game preview

==References==

{{reflist}}

* Fleurier, Nicolas, ''James Bond & Indiana Jones. Action figures'', Histoire & Collections, 2006.

== Cultural References ==

* Satirical piece from McSweeney's Internet Tendency: "Back From Yet Another Globetrotting Adventure, Indiana Jones Checks His Mail and Discovers That His Bid for Tenure Has Been Denied." [http://www.mcsweeneys.net/2006/10/10bryan.html]

==External links==

{{Wikiquote}}

* [http://www.indianajones.com IndianaJones.com] &mdash; the official Indiana Jones site

* [http://www.theraider.net TheRaider.net] &mdash; a major fan site of the series

* [http://indianajones.wikicities.com The Indiana Jones Wiki]

* [http://www.seedwiki.com/wiki/chronology_central/indiana_jones.cfm?wpid=183410 Chronology Central's Indiana Jones page] &mdash; site contains a chronological reading/viewing order listing for all of the Indiana Jones films, episodes, novels, comic books and video games in the Indiana Jones continuity.

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