College or university school of music and Game Oriented Assembly Lisp: Difference between pages

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'''Game Oriented Assembly Lisp''' (or '''GOAL''') is a computer game programming language developed by [[Andy Gavin]] and the [[Jak and Daxter]] team at [[Naughty Dog]]. It was written using [[Allegro Common Lisp]] and used in the development of the entire [[Jak and Daxter]] series of games.

A '''music school''' or '''conservatory''' is an institution dedicated to teaching the art of music, including playing of musical instruments, musical composition, musicianship and music theory.

Syntactically GOAL resembles [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], though with many idiosyncratic features inspired by other languages such as classes, inheritance, and virtual functions. An example of what GOAL code looks like can be found at [http://lists.midnightryder.com/pipermail/sweng-gamedev-midnightryder.com/2005-August/003804.html]. GOAL encourages an [[imperative programming]] style: programs tend to be comprised of sequence of events to be executed rather than the [[functional programming]] style of functions to be evaluated recursively. This is a diversion from [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], which allows such [[side-effect (computer science)|side-effects]] but does not encourage imperative style.

In some music schools, other standard subjects taught as secondary (such as at the [[Yehudi Menuhin School]]).

Like many modern implementations of Common [[Lisp programming language|Lisp]], GOAL does not run in an interpreter, but instead is compiled directly into [[PlayStation 2]] machine code for execution. It offers limited facilities for [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]], relying extensively on runtime support. It offers dynamic memory allocation primitives designed to make it well-suited to running in constant memory on a video game console. GOAL has extensive support for [[Inline expansion|inlined]] assembly code using a special <code>rlet</code> form[http://lists.midnightryder.com/pipermail/sweng-gamedev-midnightryder.com/2005-August/003804.html], allowing programmers to freely mix assembly and higher-level constructs within the same function.

The terms ''conservatoire'' and ''conservatorium'' are also used in some English-speaking countries when referring to music schools.

The GOAL compiler is implemented in [[Allegro Common Lisp]]. It supports a long term compiling listener session which gives the compiler knowledge about the state of the compiled and therefore running program, including the symbol table. This, in addition to dynamic linking, allows a function to be edited, recompiled, uploaded, and inserted into a running game without having to restart. The process is similar to the "edit and continue" feature offered by some [[C++]] compilers, but allows the programmer to replace arbitrary amounts of code (even up to entire object files), and does not interrupt the running game with the debugger. This feature was used to implement code as well as level streaming in the [[Jak and Daxter]] games.

==Prominent music schools==

GOAL's first use was for the original [[Jak and Daxter]] PS2 game; the predecessor language, GOOL, was also developed by Andy Gavin for [[Crash Bandicoot (video game)|Crash Bandicoot]].

===France===

* [[Conservatoire de Paris]]

==External links==

===The Netherlands===

* http://www.franz.com/success/customer_apps/animation_graphics/naughtydog.lhtml &mdash; Franz Inc. success story

*[[Royal Conservatory of The Hague]]

* http://bc.tech.coop/blog/060118.html &mdash; Page about LISP developments by [[Paul Graham]] and [[Naughty Dog]]

* http://www.gamasutra.com/features/gdcarchive/2003/White_Stephen.ppt &mdash; (Powerpoint) ''Jak & Daxter: The Precursor Legacy'', development overview, lessons learned, very interesting

* http://www.gamasutra.com/features/gdcarchive/2003/Denman_Stu.ppt &mdash; (Powerpoint) ''Highly detalied continuous worlds'', about the streaming world loader

[[Category:Lisp programming language family]]

===Italy===

[[Category:Functional languages]]

* [[Conservatorio di Santa Cecilia]]

[[Category:Object-oriented programming languages]]

{{videogame-software-stub}}

===Spain===

* [[Conservatorio Superior de Música del Liceo]]

===UK===

====Undergraduate & Postgraduate====

* [[Birmingham Conservatoire]] (part of [[University of Central England]])

* [[Royal Academy of Music]], London (part of [[University of London]])

* [[Royal College of Music]], London

* [[Royal Northern College of Music]], Manchester

* [[Guildhall School of Music and Drama]], London

* [[Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama]], Glasgow

* [[Trinity College of Music]], London

* [[Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama]], Cardiff

====Secondary and younger====

* [[Yehudi Menuhin School]]

* [[Chetham's School of Music]]

* [[The Purcell School]]

===USA===

* [[The Juilliard School]] (New York)

* [[Manhattan School of Music]] (New York)

* [[Mannes School of Music]]

* [[New England Conservatory of Music]] (Boston)

* [[Berklee College of Music]] (Boston)

* [[Indiana University School of Music]]

* [[Eastman School of Music]] (Rochester)

* [[Curtis Institute of Music]] (Philadelphia)