Jagged Edge (American group) and Game Oriented Assembly Lisp: Difference between pages

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'''Game Oriented Assembly Lisp''' (or '''GOAL''') is a computer game programming language developed by [[Andy Gavin]] and the [[Jak and Daxter]] team at [[Naughty Dog]]. It was written using [[Allegro Common Lisp]] and used in the development of the entire [[Jak and Daxter]] series of games.

'''Jagged Edge''' is an [[United States|American]] [[R&B]] singing group that were originally signed through [[Jermaine Dupri]]'s [[SoSo Def Records]] to [[Columbia Records]]. The group is made up of [[twin]] lead singers Brian Casey (nicknamed Brasco) and Brandon Casey (Case Dinero) (both born [[October 13]], [[1975]]), Kyle Norman (Quick), and Richard Wingo (Wingo). The group, with a style similar to [[New Edition]], [[Jodeci]], and [[Dru Hill]], and for the a number of hit singles, many of which are produced by Dupri.

Syntactically GOAL resembles [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], though with many idiosyncratic features inspired by other languages such as classes, inheritance, and virtual functions. An example of what GOAL code looks like can be found at [http://lists.midnightryder.com/pipermail/sweng-gamedev-midnightryder.com/2005-August/003804.html]. GOAL encourages an [[imperative programming]] style: programs tend to be comprised of sequence of events to be executed rather than the [[functional programming]] style of functions to be evaluated recursively. This is a diversion from [[Scheme (programming language)|Scheme]], which allows such [[side-effect (computer science)|side-effects]] but does not encourage imperative style.

With the decline of Dru Hill after [[1999]], Jagged Edge became the most popular male group in R&B, scoring hit singles such as "He Can't Love U", "Let's Get Married ", and the [[Nelly]]-guested "Where the Party At". The group remained on Columbia when Dupri and SoSo Def left for [[Arista]] in [[2003]]. Jagged Edge's next album, ''Jagged Edge'', is to be released on [[May 9]], [[2006]] by Columbia/Sony Music Urban.

Like many modern implementations of Common [[Lisp programming language|Lisp]], GOAL does not run in an interpreter, but instead is compiled directly into [[PlayStation 2]] machine code for execution. It offers limited facilities for [[Garbage collection (computer science)|garbage collection]], relying extensively on runtime support. It offers dynamic memory allocation primitives designed to make it well-suited to running in constant memory on a video game console. GOAL has extensive support for [[Inline expansion|inlined]] assembly code using a special <code>rlet</code> form[http://lists.midnightryder.com/pipermail/sweng-gamedev-midnightryder.com/2005-August/003804.html], allowing programmers to freely mix assembly and higher-level constructs within the same function.

==Discography==

===Albums===

* 1998: ''A Jagged Era'' #104 US (Gold)

* 2000: ''J.E. Heartbreak'' #8 US (2x Platinum)

* 2001: ''Jagged Little Thrill'' #3 US (Platinum)

* 2003: ''Hard'' #3 US (Gold)

* 2006: ''Jagged Edge''

The GOAL compiler is implemented in [[Allegro Common Lisp]]. It supports a long term compiling listener session which gives the compiler knowledge about the state of the compiled and therefore running program, including the symbol table. This, in addition to dynamic linking, allows a function to be edited, recompiled, uploaded, and inserted into a running game without having to restart. The process is similar to the "edit and continue" feature offered by some [[C++]] compilers, but allows the programmer to replace arbitrary amounts of code (even up to entire object files), and does not interrupt the running game with the debugger. This feature was used to implement code as well as level streaming in the [[Jak and Daxter]] games.

===Hit Singles===

GOAL's first use was for the original [[Jak and Daxter]] PS2 game; the predecessor language, GOOL, was also developed by Andy Gavin for [[Crash Bandicoot (video game)|Crash Bandicoot]].

* 1997: "The Way That You Talk" #65 US

* 1998: "Gotta Be" #23 US

* 1999: "He Can't Love You" #15 US

* 2000: "Let's Get Married" #11 US

* 2000: "Promise" #9 US

* 2001: "Where The Party At" (feat. [[Nelly]]) #3 US, #25 UK

* 2001: "Goodbye" #58 US

* 2003: "Walked Outta Heaven" #6 US, #21 UK

* 2004: "What's It Like" #85 US

* 2005: "Nasty Girl" ([[Notorious B.I.G.]] feat. [[Sean Combs|Diddy]], [[Nelly]], Jagged Edge and [[Avery Storm]]) #46 US, #1 UK

* 2005: "So Amazing" (feat. [[Voltio]])

* 2006: "Good Luck Charm" #80 US

==External links==

* http://www.franz.com/success/customer_apps/animation_graphics/naughtydog.lhtml &mdash; Franz Inc. success story

*[http://www.jaggededge.net/ official site, with biography, appearances, news, discography, and more.]

* http://bc.tech.coop/blog/060118.html &mdash; Page about LISP developments by [[Paul Graham]] and [[Naughty Dog]]

* http://www.gamasutra.com/features/gdcarchive/2003/White_Stephen.ppt &mdash; (Powerpoint) ''Jak & Daxter: The Precursor Legacy'', development overview, lessons learned, very interesting

* http://www.gamasutra.com/features/gdcarchive/2003/Denman_Stu.ppt &mdash; (Powerpoint) ''Highly detalied continuous worlds'', about the streaming world loader

[[Category:R&BLisp musicalprogramming groupslanguage family]]

[[Category:AmericanFunctional musical groupslanguages]]

[[Category:PopularObject-oriented musicalprogramming groupslanguages]]

[[Category:Rhythmic Top 40 acts]]

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