|
'''Moscow State Forest University''' (MSFU) is a specialized establishment of higher education which trains engineering personnel, scientists as well as bachelors and masters for forest industry, wood processing and pulp-and-paper industry and is the major educational and scientific centre of forest complex of the country.
{{otheruses}}
[[Image:Alexander Nevsky 2.jpg|thumb|Monument in Saint Petersburg]]
Saint '''Alexander Nevsky''' {{Audio|Ru-Alexander Nevsky.ogg|listen}} (''Александр Ярославич Невский'' in [[Russian language|Russian]]) ([[May 30]], [[1220]]?–[[November 14]], [[1263]]) was the greatest leader of medieval [[Russia]] who helped to preserve its unique [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] identity during the time of incessant attacks from the West and the East.
There are 9 faculties in [[university]] specialized in forest engineering and 1 faculty specialized in electronics and computer science [[FEST|Faculty of Computer Science (aka FEST)]]. [[FEST]] was founded in 1959 on initiative by academician [[Sergey Pavlovich Korolev]].
==Great victories==
==External links==
Born in [[Pereslavl-Zalessky]], Alexander was the fourth son of Prince [[Yaroslav Vsevolodovich]] and seemed to have but a little chance of claiming the golden throne of [[Vladimir]]. In [[1236]], however, he was summoned by the Novgorodians to become their military leader (or [[prince]]) and defend their northwest lands from [[Sweden|Swedish]] and [[Germany|German]] invaders. After the Swedish army had landed at the confluence of rivers [[Izhora]] and [[Neva]], Alexander and his small army suddenly attacked the [[Swede]]s on [[July 15]], [[1240]] and completely destroyed them. [[The Neva battle of 1240]] saved Russia from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North. As a result of this battle, 19-year-old Alexander was given the name of “Nevsky” (which means ''of Neva''). This victory strengthened Nevsky’s political influence, but at the same time it also worsened his relations with the [[boyars]]. Soon enough, Alexander had to leave Novgorod because of this conflict.
* [http://www.mgul.ac.ru/eng/ MSFU site]
[[Category:Forestry]]
After Russia had been invaded by the [[Teutonic Knights]], the Novgorod authorities sent for Alexander Nevsky. In spring of [[1241]] he returned from his “exile”, gathered an army in no time, and drove out the invaders from Russian cities. Many Russian historians consider the [[siege]]s of [[Kopor’ye]] and [[Pskov]] as an example of a sophisticated military art of seizing [[fortress]]es. Alexander and his men stood up against the Teutonic cavalry led by the [[Magister]] of the [[Order]], Hermann, brother of [[Albert of Buxhoeveden]], the Catholic Christianizer of [[Livonia]]. Nevsky faced the enemy on the ice of the [[Chudskoye Lake]] and crushed the Teutonic Knights during the [[Battle on Lake Peipus]] on [[April 5]], [[1242]]. The German attempts to invade Russia were effectively stopped for many centuries to come.
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Moscow]]
[[Image:Pereslavlsobor.jpg|thumb|120px|Alexander was baptized at this cathedral, dating from [[1152]].]].
Alexander’s victory was a significant event in the history of the [[Middle Ages]]. Russian [[foot soldier]]s had surrounded and defeated an army of [[knight]]s, mounted on horseback and clad in thick [[armor]], long before they learned how foot soldiers could prevail over mounted knights in [[Western Europe]]. Nevsky's great victory against the [[Teutonic Order]] apparently involved only a few knights killed rather than hundreds claimed by the Russian [[chronicler]]s; decisive medieval and early modern battles were won and lost with small forces to modern eyes. The cultural value of the victory greatly outshone its strategic value, at the time and ever since.
==Wise politician==
After the Teutonic invasion, Nevsky continued to strengthen Russia’s Northwest. He sent his envoys to [[Norway]] and, as a result, they signed a first peace treaty between Rus’ and Norway in [[1251]]. Alexander led his army to [[Finland]] and successfully routed the Swedes, who had made another attempt to block the [[Baltic Sea]] from the Russians in [[1256]].
Nevsky proved to be a cautious and far-sighted [[politician]]. He dismissed [[Papal]] [[curia]]’s attempts to cause war between Russia and the [[Golden Horde]], because he understood the uselessness of such war with [[Tatar]]s at that time. Historians seem to be unsure about Alexander’s behavior when in came to his relations with [[Mongols]].
Probably he understood that the Roman Catholic assault presented a more tangible threat to Russian national identity than paying a tribute to the [[Khan]], who didn't care about Russian religion and culture. It could also be that he intentionally kept Russia as a [[vassal]] to the Mongols in order to preserve his own status and count on the befriended Horde in case someone dared to challenge his authority (he forced the citizens of Novgorod to pay tribute to them). Nevsky tried to strengthen his princely authority at the expense of the boyars and at the same time suppress any anti-[[feudal]] uprisings in the country ([[Novgorod uprising of 1259]]).
[[Image:Korin42.jpg|thumbnail|thumb|The [[Great Patriotic War|German invasion]] of the [[USSR]] in [[1941]] reestablished
Alexander Nevsky as a major symbol of Russian patriotism.]]
According to the most plausible version, Alexander’s intentions were to prevent Russia from ruinous invasions of the enormous Mongol army. He is known to have gone to the Horde himself and achieved success in exempting Russians from fighting beside the Tatar army in its wars with other peoples.
==Alexander's legacy==
Thanks to his friendship with the Grand Khan, Alexander was installed as the Grand Prince of [[Vladimir]] (i.e., the supreme Russian ruler) in [[1252]]. A decade later, Alexander died in a town of [[Gorodets]]-on-the-[[Volga]] on his way back from [[Kublai Khan]]'s capital [[Karakorum (palace)|Karakorum]], otherwise known as [[Xanadu]]. He was buried in Vladimir and [[canonize]]d by the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] in [[1547]].
In the late 13th century, they compiled a [[chronicle]] called ''[[Alexander Nevsky’s Life]]'' (''Житие Александра Невского''), in which he is depicted as an ideal prince-soldier and defender of Russia. By order of [[Peter the Great]], Nevsky’s remains were transported to the [[Alexander Nevsky Monastery]] in [[Petersburg]] where they remain to this day. On [[May 21]], [[1725]], the [[Tsar]] introduced the [[Order of Alexander Nevsky]] as one of the highest military [[decoration]]s. During the [[Great Patriotic War]] ([[July 29]], [[1942]]) the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Order of Alexander Nevsky was introduced to revive the memory of Alexander's struggle with the Germans.
[[Sergei Eisenstein]] made one of his greatest movies, ''[[Alexander Nevsky (film)|Alexander Nevsky]]'', about that prince and his victory over the Teutonic Knights. Music for the film was written by [[Sergei Prokofiev]], who also reworked the score into a concert [[cantata]]. Alexander's phrase from the movie, "Whoever will come to us with a sword, from a sword will perish," has become a slogan of Russian patriots.
== See also ==
* [[Famous military commanders]]
{{succession|office=[[List of Russian rulers|Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir]]|preceded=[[Andrei II of Russia|Andrei II]]|succeeded=[[Daniel of Russia|Daniel]]}}
{{lived|b=1220|d=1263|key=Nevsky, Alexander}}
[[Category:Saints|Nevsky, Alexander]]
[[Category:Russian leaders|Nevsky, Alexander]]
[[bg:Александър Невски]]
[[de:Alexander Jaroslawitsch Newski]]
[[fr:Alexandre Nevski]]
[[it:Alexander Nevsky]]
[[nl:Alexander Nevski]]
[[ja:アレクサンドル・ネフスキー]]
[[pl:Aleksander Newski]]
[[ru:Александр Невский]]
[[fi:Aleksanteri Nevski]]
| 