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{{Infobox Town DE|
name = Dillenburg|
name_local =|
image_coa = Wappen Dillenburg.png|
image_map = KarteDillenburg.png|
state = [[Hesse]]|
regbzk = [[Gießen (region)|Gießen]]|
district = [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis]]|
population = 24,533|
population_as_of = 31/12/2004|
population_ref =|
pop_dens = 292|
area = 83.88|
elevation = 233|
lat_deg = 50|
lat_min = 44|
lat_hem = N|
lon_deg = 8|
lon_min = 17|
lon_hem = E|
postal_code = 35661–35690 (''old:'' 6340)|
area_code = 02771|
licence = LDK|
mayor = Michael Lotz ([[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|CDU]])|
website = [http://www.dillenburg.de Stadt Dillenburg]|
}}
'''Dillenburg''' is a town in Hesse's [[Gießen (region)|Gießen]] region in [[Germany]]. The town was formerly the seat of the old Dillkreis district, which is now part of the [[Lahn-Dill-Kreis]].
The town lies on the German-[[Netherlands|Dutch]] holiday road called the ''Oranier-Route'', joining towns, cities and regions associated with the [[House of Orange]].
==
=== Location ===
Dillenburg lies on the eastern edge of the [[Westerwald]] range in the narrow valley of the river [[Dill (river)|Dill]], which flows from Hesse-Westphalia border to [[Wetzlar]], emptying into the [[Lahn]].
<gallery>
Image:Dillenburg03.jpg|Downtown Dillenburg
Image:Dillenburg01.jpg|View of the town looking north from the Wilhelmsturm
Image:Dillenburg02.jpg|View of the town looking south from the same vantage point
Image:db_manderbach_25.jpg|Dillenburg-Manderbach
</gallery>
=== Neighbouring communities ===
Dillenburg borders in the north on the community of [[Eschenburg]], in the east on the community of [[Siegbach]], in the south on the town of [[Herborn]], and the community of [[Breitscheid (Hesse)|Breitscheid]], and in the west on the town of [[Haiger]] (all in the Lahn-Dill-Kreis).
=== Constituent communities ===
Dillenburg is divided into the centres of Donsbach, Eibach, Frohnhausen, Manderbach, Nanzenbach, Niederscheld and Oberscheld.
==
Eibach has some 1,450 inhabitants.
The village, whose livelihood was once based on [[mining]], lies among the other constituent communities of Nanzenbach, Oberscheld and Niederscheld. Its healing [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]], whose water is heavy with [[iron]], makes the village a favourite among locals. At [[Easter]]time, it is decorated.
==== Manderbach ====
Manderbach lies on a sunny [[plateau]] 3 km north of the main town of Dillenburg.
<div style="height: 265px; width: 95%; overflow: auto; text-align: left; border:solid 1px;" title="braglist - zum scrollen">
[[Image:Manderbach_Panorama-Südblick.JPG|1300px]]
</div>
<center>Panoramic views over Manderbach</center>
<div style="height: 265px; width: 95%; overflow: auto; text-align: left; border:solid 1px;" title="braglist - zum scrollen">
[[Image:Manderbach_1.jpg|1300px]]
</div>
==== Niederscheld ====
Niederscheld is a village with about 3000 inhabitants, lying 2 km from the main town of Dillenburg. The name comes from a small brook called the Schelde that rises between Oberscheld and Tringenstein, and empties into the Dill at Niederscheld. The village's greatest hallmarks are the old [[blast furnace]] and the Adolfshütte [[industrial park]]. Towards the end of the [[Second World War]], the village suffered comparatively heavy damage from [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] [[air raid]]s.
Niederscheld had been appointed as a target because at the Adolfshütte were built parts for the V2-Rocket.
== History ==
Dillenburg had its first documentary mention in 1254. Dillenburg was the ancestral seat of the Orange branch of the [[House of Nassau]]. Dillenburg Castle was build on top of the peak now called the Schlossberg in the late [[13th century|13th]] or early [[14th century]]. There are no pictures of this castle, however, as it was wooden, and was destroyed in the Dernbach Feud.
From his stately home in exile, [[William the Silent|William I of Orange-Nassau]], who was born in Dillenburg, organized the Dutch resistance against [[Spain]] ([[1567]]-[[1572]]), which still occasions regular Dutch royal visits to the town to this day. The land was administered by the presidents of the House of Nassau-Dillenburg. One of the last presidents was Georg Ernst Ludwig Freiherr von Preuschen von und zu [[Liebenstein]] (born 1727 in [[Diethardt]]; died 1794 in [[Bad Ems]]). In the [[Seven Years' War]], the stately home was destroyed ([[1760]]), and Wilhelmstraße (a street) was built out of the remains. In 1875, the Wilhelmsturm (tower), views from which can be seen in this article, was completed on the Schlossberg. It is today the town's landmark. The "casemates" under the former stately home are among the biggest defensive works in [[Europe]]. They have been partly excavated and may be toured.
In the [[19th century]] came the [[Industrial Revolution]] with the building of the [[Gießen]]-[[Cologne]] [[railway]] line – called the Sieg-Dill line – and the use of [[iron ore]] found on the Lahn, Dill and Sieg. Many mines, [[Foundry|foundries]] and metalworking operations came into being in the region. In this time, many railway branchlines were built from Dillenburg to, among other places, Gönnern and Ewersbach. These lines have all been abandoned now. The line to Gönnern was abandoned in 1987 and torn up. The railway depot, so useful in the time of steam traction, was shut down in 1983.
In the [[Second World War]], Dillenburg became a target of Allied attacks with its now closed [[Classification yard|marshalling yard]]. Ore mining became ever less profitable and in 1968, the last blast furnace, in Oberscheld, ceased operations.
==== Eibach ====
Eibach's history began in "Nassau times" in the [[13th century]]. In 1313, the village had its first documentary mention. In the Second World War, it was left unscathed. In 2004, the healing spring was renovated, and a brineworks was built.
==== Manderbach ====
[[Image:Wappen 180.jpeg|thumb|100px|Manderbach's arms]]
Manderbach had its first documentary mention in 1225, making it older than the main town of Dillenburg (1254). The two former villages – nowadays parts of Dillenburg – Frohnhausen and Manderbach, had much in common in their early history. Here the two noble families von Hunsbach and von Selbach both held sway. As in Frohnhausen, there was also a great fire in Manderbach – albeit 148 years before Frohnhausen's – which, having been started by a [[lightning strike]], burnt 38 houses down within an hour and a half on [[29 April]] [[1630]].
==== Nanzenbach ====
The Name Nanzenbach was mentioned the first time 8.05.1325 in a document. In this document the „die Nantzenbecher“ as the "inhabitants of Nanzenbach ". This allows the village the first reference at May 8th 1325. See more on [http://www.nanzenbach.de]
=== Population development ===
<small>(in each case on [[31 December]])</small>
*[[1998]] - 25,053
*[[1999]] - 25,124
*[[2000]] - 25,092
*[[2001]] - 25,017
*[[2002]] - 24,923
*[[2003]] - 24,681
*[[2004]] - 24,533
== Coat of arms ==
The oldest town seals, dating from the 15th to 19th centuries, show the same composition as Dillenburg's current civic [[coat of arms]]. The arms were conferred officially in 1907 and confirmed in 1934. The lion inside the gateway is the Lion of Nassau. [http://www.ngw.nl/int/dld/d/dillenbu.htm]
== Culture and sightseeing ==
=== Museums ===
* ''Wilhelmsturm'' (tower) with the Orange-Nassau Museum
* "Villa Grün" museum of economic history
* The "Casemates", old defensive structures.
* ''Hessisches Landgestüt'' (≈ Hessian State Stud Farm) with coach museum in the Orangery. "Living Museum" about the [[horse]].
=== Buildings ===
[[Image:Manderbach_Kirche.jpg|thumb|Manderbach Church]]
* ''Wilhelmsturm'' (tower) built in 1872 - 1875
* The "Casemates", old defensive structures.from the 16th century
* The Evangelische Town Church from 1491
* The ''Dillturm'' (tower) from 1597
* The old rectory from 1531 - 1533
* The ''Untertor'' (Lower Gate) from 1344 (alterations in 1594 and 1737)
* Manderbach Church
=== Parks ===
In Donsbach is a wildlife park.
=== Hiking trails ===
The following trails go through or begin in Dillenburg:
* The ''Rothaarsteig'' from Dillenburg to [[Brilon]]
* The ''Schlösserweg'' from Dillenburg to [[Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf -Benrath]]
* The ''Dillweg'' from [[Haiger]] to [[Wetzlar]]
* The ''Uplandweg'' from Dillenburg to [[Salzkotten]]
=== Regular events ===
* Jazz-Weekend, in June
* ''Kirschenmarkt'' (cherry market), in June
* Aquarena-Nacht, in July
* Hubertus-Markt, in October
* Hengstparade des Hessischen Landgestüts (stallion parade)
* Maypole Festival in Eibach, at the beginning of May
* ''Rocknacht'' music festival in Eibach, in summer.
=== Other ===
* Brineworks and healing spring, Eibach
== Economy and infrastructure ==
=== Transport ===
The bypass on Federal Highway (''Bundesstraße'') B277 opened in April 2007. It is a [[tunnel]] under the Schlossberg, bypassing the historic Old Town with its [[Timber framing|half-timbered]] houses and it was one of Germany's biggest tunnel projects. As a result of the bankruptcy of the contracter for the works, Walter Bau, completion of the project was delayed by more than a year.
=== Established businesses ===
* [[Deutsche Post AG]]
* [[E.ON]] Mitte (OT Oberscheld)
* Funkenerosionstechnik Hartwig Hermann
* INDEN Design
* [[Isabellenhütte Heusler]] GmbH & Co. KG
* Linde & Wiemann
* Ströher-Keramik
* [[ThyssenKrupp Nirosta]] Dillenburg Works
* TSR Recycling GmbH & Co. KG Dillenburg Branch
* [[Volksbank]] Dill eG
* Weber Kunststofftechnik
=== Media ===
* Dill-Post
* Dill-Zeitung
=== Public institutions ===
* [[Police station]]
* [[Fire brigade]]
* Dill-Kliniken ([[hospital]])
* [[Deaconate]]
* [[German Red Cross]] Dillkreis chapter
* Lahn-Dill Youth Office
* Lahn-Dill ''Jugendbildungswerk''
* ''Lebenshilfe'' for the mentally handicapped ''Kreisvereinigung für den ehem. Dillkreis e.V. '' (District association for the former Dill district)
* Lahn-Dill Social Office
=== Education ===
* Gewerbliche Schulen ([[vocational school]])
* Goldbachschule (Haupt- and Realschule)
* Juliane-von-Stolberg-Schule ([[primary school]])
* Johann-von-Nassau-Schule ([[Hauptschule|Haupt]]- and [[Realschule]])
* Kaufmännische Schulen (vocational school)
* Kindergartens ([[Evangelical Church in Germany|Evangelical]], [[Catholic]], municipal, ''Arbeiterwohlfahrt'' [German workers' welfare])
* Lahn-Dill-Akademie ([[Folk high school]])
* Otfried-Preußler-Schule für Praktisch Bildbare ([[special school]])
* Roteberg-Schule (primary school)
* Schelderwald-Schule (primary school and Hauptschule)
* Wilhelm-von-Oranien-Schule ([[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]])
== Personalities ==
=== Famous natives of Dillenburg ===
*[[Otfried Hans Freiherr von Meusebach]] alias ''John O. Meusebach'' (1812-1897), founder of [[Fredericksburg, Texas]] and Texas Senator
*[[Karl Heinz Gasser]], German politician
*[[Maria Kliegel]], German cellist
*[[Rolf Krenzer]], writer of children's books and composer
*[[Moritz von Nassau]], Dutch field marshal, called the ''Brasilianer'' ("Brazilian")
*[[Ernst Casimir van Nassau-Dietz]], ancestor of Kings of the Netherlands
*[[John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg]], German aristocrat
*[[Maurice of Nassau]] (Also known as Maurits van Oranje-Nassau/Moritz von Oranien), [[Stadtholder]] of [[Holland]], [[Zeeland]], [[Diocese of Utrecht|Utrecht]], [[Guelders]] and [[Overijssel]], also [[Prince of Orange]]
*[[William the Silent|William I of Orange-Nassau]], leader in the Dutch war of independence against Spain
*Prof. Dr. [[Melanie Tatur]], German political scientist and sociologist
*[[Wilhelm Zepper]], reformed theologian; court chaplain and professor in [[Herborn]]
=== People who worked in Dillenburg ===
* [[Georg Ludwig Hartig]] worked from [[1797]] to [[1806]] as state forest superintendent in Dillenburg
* [[Maximilian Mörlin]] Evangelical theologian and reformer
== External links ==
* [http://www.dillenburg.de Dillenburg]
* [http://www.bahnhof-dillenburg.de Website about Dillenburg railway station and railway guide line 445]
* [http://www.feuerwehr-dillenburg.de Dillenburg fire station]
*{{dmoz|World/Deutsch/Regional/Europa/Deutschland/Hessen/Landkreise/Lahn-Dill-Kreis/Städte_und_Gemeinden/Dillenburg|Dillenburg}}
== Reference ==
{{de}}
{{Towns and municipalities in Lahn-Dill-Kreis}}
[[Category:Towns in Hesse]]
[[de:Dillenburg]]
[[eo:Dillenburg]]
[[fr:Dillenburg]]
[[nl:Dillenburg (stad)]]
[[pl:Dillenburg]]
[[ru:Дилленбург]]
[[sv:Dillenburg]]
[[vo:Dillenburg]]
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