|
La '''Academic Ranking of World Universities''' o '''ARWU''' (in [[lingua italiana|italiano]] '''Classifica accademica delle università mondiali''') è una classifica redatta dall'[[Università Jiao Tong di Shanghai]] per valutare i principali istituti di [[educazioneistruzione terziaria]] nel mondo (in [[Asia]], [[America]], [[Europa]] e [[Oceania]]).
La classifica è una delle tre maggiormente note al mondo, insieme con la [[QS World University Rankings]] e la [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]].<ref name="New world university ranking puts Harvard back on top">{{Cita web|url=httphttps://www.csmonitor.com/World/2010/0916/New-world-university-ranking-puts-Harvard-back-on-top|titolo=New world university ranking puts Harvard back on top|autore=Ariel Zirulnick|sito=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref><ref name="edmont">{{Cita news|titolo=Top schools don't always get top marks|autore=Indira Samarasekera and Carl Amrhein|pubblicazione=[[Edmonton Journal]]|url=http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/schools+always+marks/3560240/story.html|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003203348/http://www.edmontonjournal.com/news/schools+always+marks/3560240/story.html|dataarchivio=3 ottobre 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/were-fighting-above-our-weight-when-it-comes-to-uni-rankings/story-e6frgcko-1226428383288 |titolo=We're fighting above our weight when it comes to uni rankings |editore=Theaustralian.com.au |data=29 agosto 2013 |accesso=9 giugno 2014}}</ref> È considerata una classifica obiettiva formulata con una metodologia coerente.<ref>{{Cita web|autore=Richard Holmes |url=http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20120630083447805 |titolo=Power and responsibility – The growing influence of global rankings |editore=University World News |data=1º luglio 2012 |accesso=21 settembre 2012}}</ref> Tuttavia, vi sono state anche critiche sull'asserita presa in maggiore considerazione delle [[scienze naturali]] rispetto alle [[scienze sociali]] e alle [[scienze umane]],<ref name="New world university ranking puts Harvard back on top" /><ref name="edmont" /> e per il mancato inserimento tra i criteri di valutazione di alcuni riconoscimenti come il [[Turing Award]] e la [[Bruce Gold Medal]].<ref>{{en}}[http://www.lamsade.dauphine.fr/~bouyssou/BillautBouyssouVinckeScientometrics.pdf Should you believe in the Shanghai ranking?] di Jean-Charles Billaut, Denis Bouyssou e Philippe Vincke</ref>
Dopo le prime 100 università, sebbene sia possibile calcolare la posizione effettiva per mezzo dei dati forniti,<ref>[http://www.uniroma1.it/sapienza/archivionotizie/ranking-2014-delle-universit%C3%A0-italiane-elaborato-dalla-shangai-jiao-tong Ranking 2014 delle Università Italiane - elaborato dalla Shangai Jiao Tong University | Sapienza - Università di Roma<!-- Titolo generato automaticamente -->]</ref> gli atenei successivi sono riportati in gruppi di 50 ed elencati in semplice ordine alfabetico. Tuttavia alcuni mezzi di comunicazione hanno erroneamente interpretato questo ordinamento alfabetico come un ordinamento basato sulla qualità, riportando classifiche errate.<ref>Marco Bella, ''[http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2014/08/17/universita-la-migliore-ditalia-secondo-shangai-facile-la-prima-in-ordine-alfabetico/1092457/ Università: la migliore d’Italiad'Italia secondo Shanghai? Facile, la prima in ordine alfabetico]'', 17 agosto 2014, [[Il Fatto Quotidiano]]</ref>
==Metodo==
La metodologia usata dalla classica ARWU è di tipo accademico, orientato alla ricerca. La classifica compara 1200 istituzioni accademiche sulla base di alcuni criteri ai quali attribuisce un valore percentuale:
*Il numero di [[Premio Nobel|premi Nobel]] e [[Medaglia Fields|medaglie Fields]] ottenuti dagli alunni (10 percento)
*Il numero di premi Nobel e, medaglie Fields ottenuti da membripresenti delnel corpo accademico (20 percento)
*Numero di Highly Cited Researcher<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://hcr.stateofinnovation.com/ |titolo=Highly Cited Researcher |accesso=10 aprile 2017 |urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115092422/http://hcr.stateofinnovation.com/ |dataarchivio=15 novembre 2017 |urlmorto=sì }}</ref> presenti nel corpo accademico (20 percento) (determinati da Clarivate Analytics, precedentemente [[Thomson Reuters]])
*Il numero di citazioni, suddivise in 21 categorie tematiche (20 percento)
*Il numero di articoli pubblicati in pubblicazioni accademiche, ''[[Nature]]'' e ''[[Science]]'' (20 percento)
*Il cosiddetto [[Science Citation Index]] (un indice usato in [[scientometria]] riguardante le citazioni contenute in circa 600 delle riviste più influenti del settore scientifico) e il [[Social Sciences Citation Index]] (20 percento)
*Il rendimento procapite dell'istituzione comparato sulla base degli indicatori precedenti (10 percento).
La metodologia è descritta sul sito di ARWU.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2016.html|titolo=Metodologia ARWU|lingua=|data=|accesso=|dataarchivio=11 aprile 2017|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411054119/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU-Methodology-2016.html|urlmorto=sì}}</ref>
La metodologia è descritta in un articolo accademico redatto dai suoi autori N.C. Liu and Y. Cheng.<ref>N.C. Liu and Y Cheng 2005 [http://ed.sjtu.edu.cn/rank/file/ARWU-M&P.pdf "Academic ranking of world universities – methodologies and problems"], ''Higher Education in Europe'', Vol. 30, No 2., and earlier in the proceedings of Meeting of the International Rankings Expert Group 2004.</ref>
==Classifica==
La tabella che segue elenca glila ateneicollocazione chedal si2003 sonoal collocati2020 almeno una volta tra idei primi cento nella classifica tra il 2003 e il 2013atenei.<ref name="rankings">{{Cita web|url=http://www.arwu.org/ |titolo=Academic Ranking of World Universities|anno=2007 |autore=Shanghai Jiao Tong University|editore= Graduate School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University |accesso=19 febbraio 2008| urlarchivio= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20080218082532/http://www.arwu.org/| dataarchivio=18 febbraio 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurlurlmorto= no}}</ref> Per compilare la lista, sono comparate 1200 università nel mondo.
{| class="sortable wikitable" border="1"
|-
La posizione in classifica non è indicata in quegli anni nei quali l'ateneo non è stato tra i primi 100. La lista completa compara 1200 università, se un ateneo non è presente nella lista che segue, significa che non è mai stato tra i primi 100 negli anni presi in esame.
|+Academic Ranking of World Universities (500) – Top 50<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html#|titolo=ARWU World University Rankings 2019 {{!}} Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019 {{!}} Top 1000 universities {{!}} Shanghai Ranking - 2019|sito=www.shanghairanking.com|accesso=14 aprile 2020|dataarchivio=15 agosto 2019|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815195442/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html|urlmorto=sì}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Order shown in accordance with the latest result.|group=Note|name=two}}
! Institution !! 2003 !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012!! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
!2018
!2019
!2020
|-
| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[Harvard University]]
|+Le prime 100 università nella classifica
|1
! Università !! 2003 !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|-
| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[Stanford University]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DNK}} [[Aarhus University]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||93||97||98||86||86||
|2
|2
|3
|3
|2
|2
|2
|3
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|2
|-
| {{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Cambridge]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Arizona State University]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||100||96||93||94||81||78||79||81
|5
|3
|2
|2
|4
|4
|4
|5
|5
|5
|5
|5
|5
|4
|3
|3
|3
|3
|-
| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|AUS}} [[Australian National University]]||49||53||53||54||57||59||59||59||70||64||66
|6
|5
|5
|5
|5
|5
|5
|4
|3
|3
|4
|3
|3
|5
|4
|4
|4
|4
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[BostonUniversity Universityof California, Berkeley]]||98||87||81||81||85||83||74||77||76||71||75
|4
|4
|4
|4
|3
|3
|3
|2
|4
|4
|3
|4
|4
|3
|5
|5
|5
|5
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[BrownPrinceton University]]||49||82||86||85||70||71||69||65||65||65||67
|7
|7
|8
|8
|8
|8
|8
|7
|7
|7
|7
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[CaliforniaColumbia Institute of TechnologyUniversity]]||3||6||6||6||6||6||6||6||6||6||6
|10
|9
|7
|7
|7
|7
|7
|8
|8
|8
|8
|8
|8
|9
|8
|8
|8
|7
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[CarnegieCalifornia MellonInstitute Universityof Technology]]||61||62||62||56||60||62||59||58||55||51||52
|3
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|6
|7
|7
|8
|9
|9
|9
|8
|-
| {{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Oxford]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Case Western Reserve University]]||51||65||65||70||78||83||87||97||97||99||99
|9
|8
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|9
|10
|7
|7
|7
|7
|9
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[ColumbiaUniversity Universityof Chicago]]||10||9||9||7||7||7||7||8||8||8||8
|11
|10
|9
|8
|9
|9
|9
|9
|9
|9
|9
|9
|9
|10
|10
|10
|10
|10
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[CornellYale University]]||12||12||12||12||12||12||12||12||13||13||13
|8
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|11
|12
|11
|11
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[DukeCornell University]]||33||31||31||31||32||33||31||35||35||36||31
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|13
|13
|13
|13
|13
|13
|14
|12
|13
|12
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Los Angeles]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|FRA}} [[École Normale Supérieure|École normale supérieure - Paris]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||85||93||99||83||73||70||71||69||73||71
|15
|16
|14
|14
|13
|13
|13
|13
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|12
|11
|11
|13
|-
|{{Bandiera|FRA}} [[Università di Parigi-Saclay|Paris-Saclay University]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Emory University]]||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||100||100||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|72
|48
|61
|64
|52
|49
|43
|45
|40
|37
|39
|42
|41
|46
|41
|42
|37
|14
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Johns Hopkins University]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[Free University of Berlin]]||95||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||99||83||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|24
|22
|19
|20
|19
|20
|19
|18
|18
|17
|17
|17
|16
|16
|18
|18
|16
|15
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Washington]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[Goethe University Frankfurt]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||100||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|16
|20
|17
|17
|16
|16
|16
|16
|16
|16
|16
|15
|15
|15
|13
|14
|14
|16
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USAGBR}} [[HarvardUniversity UniversityCollege London]]||1||1||1||1||1||1||1||1||1||1||1
|20
|25
|26
|26
|25
|22
|21
|21
|20
|21
|21
|20
|18
|17
|16
|17
|15
|16
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|ISRUSA}} [[Hebrew University of JerusalemCalifornia, San Diego]]||94||90||90||60||64||65||64||52||57||53||59
|14
|13
|13
|13
|14
|14
|14
|14
|15
|15
|14
|14
|14
|14
|15
|15
|18
|18
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Pennsylvania]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[Humboldt University of Berlin]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||95||95||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|18
|15
|15
|15
|15
|15
|15
|15
|14
|14
|15
|16
|17
|18
|17
|16
|17
|19
|-
|{{Bandiera|CHE}} [[ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[Imperial College London]]||17||23||23||23||23||27||26||26||24||24||24
|25
|27
|27
|27
|27
|24
|23
|23
|23
|23
|20
|19
|20
|19
|19
|19
|19
|20
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, San Francisco]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Indiana University - Bloomington]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||97||90||92||93||90||82||84||85
|13
|17
|18
|18
|18
|18
|18
|18
|17
|18
|18
|18
|18
|21
|21
|21
|20
|21
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[JohnsUniversity Hopkinsof UniversityMichigan]]||24||22||22||20||19||20||19||18||18||17||17
|21
|19
|21
|21
|21
|21
|22
|22
|22
|22
|23
|22
|22
|23
|24
|27
|20
|22
|-
|{{Bandiera|CAN}} [[University of Toronto]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|SWE}} [[Karolinska Institutet]]||39||46||45||48||53||51||50||42||44||42||44
|23
|24
|24
|24
|23
|24
|27
|27
|26
|27
|28
|24
|25
|27
|23
|23
|24
|23
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Università Washington a Saint Louis]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[King's College London]]||75||77||77||83||83||81||65||63||68||68||67
|22
|28
|28
|28
|28
|29
|29
|30
|31
|31
|32
|32
|32
|23
|20
|20
|22
|23
|-
|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[Imperial College London]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[Kyoto University]]||30||21||21||22||22||23||24||24||27||26||26
|17
|23
|23
|23
|23
|27
|26
|26
|24
|24
|24
|22
|23
|22
|27
|24
|23
|25
|-
|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[University of Tokyo]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|SWE}} [[Lund University]]||93||92||92||90||97||97||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|19
|14
|20
|19
|20
|19
|20
|20
|21
|20
|21
|21
|21
|20
|24
|22
|25
|26
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[MassachusettsDuke Institute of TechnologyUniversity]]||6||5||5||5||5||5||5||4||3||3||4
|32
|31
|32
|31
|32
|32
|31
|35
|35
|36
|31
|31
|31
|25
|26
|26
|28
|27
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CANUSA}} [[McGillNew York University]]||79||61||61||62||63||60||65||61||64||63||58
|55
|32
|29
|29
|30
|31
|32
|31
|29
|27
|27
|27
|27
|29
|29
|32
|30
|27
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CANCHN}} [[McMasterTsinghua University]]||86||88||88||90||87||89||91||88||89||92||92
|201-250
|202-301
|153-202
|151-200
|151-202
|201-302
|201-302
|151-200
|151-200
|151-200
|151-200
|101-150
|101-150
|58
|48
|45
|43
|29
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Michigan StateNorthwestern University]]||87||80||80||80||80||83||86||86||92||96||92
|29
|30
|31
|33
|29
|30
|30
|29
|30
|30
|30
|28
|27
|26
|22
|25
|29
|30
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|RUS}} [[Moscow State University]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||66||66||70||76||70||77||74||77||80||79
|52
|56
|55
|59
|58
|38
|39
|41
|42
|41
|43
|36
|39
|35
|33
|30
|33
|30
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[Nagoya University]]||68||97||97||98||94||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||82||79||94||96||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|27
|18
|16
|16
|17
|17
|17
|17
|19
|19
|19
|24
|24
|28
|28
|28
|27
|32
|-
|{{Bandiera|DNK}} [[University of Copenhagen]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[New York University]]||55||32||32||29||30||31||32||31||29||20||20
|65
|59
|57
|56
|46
|45
|43
|40
|43
|44
|42
|39
|35
|30
|30
|29
|26
|33
|-
|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[Kyoto University]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[North Carolina State University]]||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|30
|21
|22
|22
|22
|23
|24
|24
|27
|26
|26
|26
|26
|32
|35
|35
|32
|34
|-
|{{Bandiera|AUS}} [[University of Melbourne]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Northwestern University]]||29||30||30||33||29||30||30||29||30||30||30
|92
|82
|82
|78
|79
|73
|75
|62
|60
|57
|54
|44
|44
|40
|39
|38
|41
|35
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USAFRA}} [[OhioUniversité Statede recherche Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres|PSL University]]||81||73||73||66||61||62||62||59||63||65||65
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
|36
|-
|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Manchester]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[Osaka University]]||53||54||54||61||67||68||71||75||82||83||85
|89
|78
|53
|50
|48
|40
|41
|44
|38
|40
|41
|38
|41
|35
|38
|34
|33
|36
|-
|{{Bandiera|CAN}} [[University of British Columbia]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Pennsylvania State University]]||40||43||43||42||43||42||45||43||45||49||54
|35
|36
|37
|36
|36
|35
|36
|36
|37
|39
|40
|37
|40
|34
|31
|43
|35
|38
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USAFRA}} [[PrincetonSorbonne Université|Sorbonne University]]||7||7||7||8||8||8||8||7||7||7||7
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
| /
|36
|44
|39
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[PurdueUniversity Universityof Minnesota]]||80||71||71||73||68||65||65||69||61||56||57
|37
|33
|32
|32
|33
|28
|28
|28
|28
|29
|29
|30
|30
|33
|34
|37
|41
|40
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[RiceUniversity Universityof Texas at Austin]]||61||75||75||87||87||97||99||99||93||91||92
|47
|40
|36
|39
|38
|39
|38
|38
|35
|35
|36
|39
|37
|44
|51
|40
|45
|41
|-
|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Edinburgh]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Rockefeller University]]||28||29||29||30||30||32||32||34||33||32||34
|43
|47
|47
|52
|53
|55
|53
|54
|53
|51
|51
|45
|47
|41
|32
|32
|31
|42
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[RutgersRockefeller University]]||38||44||44||46||47||54||55||54||59||61||61
|28
|29
|30
|30
|30
|32
|32
|34
|33
|32
|34
|33
|33
|37
|36
|30
|35
|43
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[StanfordUniversity Universityof Colorado Boulder]]||2||2||2||3||2||2||2||3||2||2||2
|31
|34
|35
|34
|34
|34
|34
|32
|32
|33
|33
|34
|34
|38
|43
|38
|38
|44
|-
|{{Bandiera|SWE}} [[Karolinska Institute]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|SWE}} [[Stockholm University]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||97||97||84||86||86||88||79||81||81||82
|39
|46
|45
|48
|53
|51
|50
|42
|44
|42
|44
|47
|48
|44
|44
|44
|38
|45
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CHE}} [[ETH Zurich]]||25||27||27||27||27||24||23||23||23||23||20
|45
|25
|25
|25
|26
|26
|25
|25
|25
|25
|25
|28
|29
|30
|37
|41
|38
|45
|-
|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[King's College London]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[Technical University of Munich]]||60||45||52||54||56||57||57||56||47||53||50
|75
|77
|80
|83
|83
|81
|65
|63
|68
|68
|67
|59
|55
|50
|46
|56
|51
|47
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|ISR}} [[Technion – Israel Institute of Technology]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||78||77
|34
|36
|38
|38
|39
|41
|48
|49
|51
|48
|46
|45
|44
|43
|48
|48
|49
|48
|-
|{{Bandiera|CHN}} [[Università di Pechino|Peking University]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Texas A&M University]]||70||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||88||91||88||88||95||100||93||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|251-300
|202-301
|203-300
|201-300
|203-304
|201-302
|201-302
|151-200
|201-300
|151-200
|151-200
|101-150
|101-150
|71
|71
|57
|53
|49
|-
|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Santa Barbara]]
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[Tohoku University]]||64||69||69||76||76||79||84||84||97||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-26
|35
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[Tokyo Institute of Technology]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||89||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-34
|35
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Tufts University]]||83||99||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-35
|36
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Arizona]]||55||76||76||76||74||77||77||78||80||77||78
|-35
|32
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CHE}} [[University of Basel]]||96||91||91||81||82||87||85||86||89||85||83
|-33
|34
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Birmingham]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||93||93||90||92||91||94||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-35
|41
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[University of Bonn]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||99||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||99||97||98||93||94||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-38
|42
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Bristol]]||55||60||60||62||62||61||61||66||70||70||64
|-45
|46
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CAN}} [[University of British Columbia]]||35||36||36||36||36||35||36||36||37||39||40
|-48
|49
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Berkeley]]||4||4||4||4||3||3||3||2||4||4||3
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Davis]]||36||42||42||42||43||48||49||46||48||47||47
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Irvine]]||44||55||55||44||45||46||46||46||48||45||45
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Los Angeles]]||15||16||16||14||13||13||13||13||12||12||12
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Riverside]]||88||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, San Diego]]||14||13||13||13||14||14||14||14||15||15||14
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, San Francisco]]||13||17||17||18||18||18||18||18||17||18||18
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of California, Santa Barbara]]||26||35||35||35||35||36||35||32||33||34||35
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Cambridge]]||5||3||2||2||4||4||4||5||5||5||5
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Chicago]]||11||10||10||8||9||9||8||9||9||9||9
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University College London]]||20||25||25||26||25||22||21||21||20||21||21
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Colorado at Boulder|University of Colorado]]||31||34||34||34||34||34||34||32||32||33||33
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DNK}} [[University of Copenhagen]]||65||59||59||56||46||45||43||40||43||44||42
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Edinburgh]]||43||47||47||52||53||55||53||54||53||51||51
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Florida]]||75||67||67||53||51||58||58||68||72||72||71
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[Università di Friburgo in Brisgovia|University of Freiburg]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||88||88||93||94||96||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||99||100
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CHE}} [[University of Geneva]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||73||69||69
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|BEL}} [[University of Ghent]]||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||90||89||89||85
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[University of Göttingen]]||91||79||79||85||87||90||90||93||86||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|NLD}} [[University of Groningen]]||84||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||92
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[University of Heidelberg]]||58||64||64||66||65||67||63||63||62||62||54
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|FIN}} [[University of Helsinki]]||74||72||72||74||73||68||72||72||74||73||76
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]||45||25||25||25||26||26||25||25||25||25||25
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Illinois at Chicago]]||96||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Iowa]]||90||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||95||97||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|NLD}} [[University of Leiden]]||78||63||63||72||71||76||72||70||65||73||74
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Manchester]]||89||78||53||50||48||40||41||44||38||40||41
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Maryland, College Park]]||75||57||57||37||37||37||37||36||38||38||38
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|AUS}} [[University of Melbourne]]||92||82||82||78||79||73||75||62||60||57||54
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Michigan|University of Michigan, Ann Arbor]]||21||19||19||21||21||21||22||22||22||22||23
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Minnesota|University of Minnesota, Twin Cities]]||37||33||33||32||33||28||28||28||28||29||29
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|DEU}} [[University of Munich]]||48||51||51||51||53||55||55||52||54||60||61
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]||52||56||56||59||58||38||39||41||42||41||43
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Nottingham]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||80||80||79||81||82||83||84||85||86||83
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|NOR}} [[University of Oslo]]||63||68||68||68||69||64||65||75||75||67||69
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Oxford]]||9||8||8||10||10||10||10||10||10||10||10
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|FRA}} [[Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University]]||65||41||41||45||39||42||40||39||41||42||37
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|FRA}} [[University of Paris-Sud|University of Paris-Sud 11]]||72||48||48||64||52||49||43||45||40||37||39
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Pennsylvania]]||18||15||15||15||15||15||15||15||14||14||15
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Pittsburgh]]||53||48||48||48||49||52||50||56||57||58||61
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|AUS}} [[University of Queensland]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||86||90||85
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|ITA}} [[Sapienza Università di Roma]]||70||93||97||100||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Rochester]]||72||52||52||74||75||73||77||82||84||86||90
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|GBR}} [[University of Sheffield]]||68||69||69||69||72||77||81||88||97||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Southern California]]||40||48||48||47||50||50||46||46||46||46||47
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|FRA}} [[University of Strasbourg]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||82||82||96||99||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||97
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|AUS}} [[University of Sydney]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||97||94||92||96||93||97
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Texas at Austin]]||47||40||40||39||38||39||38||38||35||35||36
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center]]||34||36||36||38||39||41||48||49||51||48||46
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|JPN}} [[University of Tokyo]]||19||14||14||19||20||19||20||20||21||20||21
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CAN}} [[University of Toronto]]||23||24||24||24||23||24||27||27||26||27||28
|-
|align="left"| {{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Utah]]||81||95||95||94||93||79||80||82||79||82||85
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|NLD}} [[Utrecht University]]||40||39||39||40||42||47||52||50||48||53||52
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|AUT}} [[University of Vienna]]||84||86||86||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Virginia]]||67||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||95||91||96||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Washington]]||16||20||20||17||16||16||16||16||16||16||16
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|AUS}} [[University of Western Australia]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||96||91
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]||27||18||18||16||17||17||17||17||19||19||19
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|CHE}} [[University of Zurich]]||45||57||57||58||58||53||54||51||56||59||60
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|SWE}} [[Uppsala University]]||59||74||74||65||66||71||76||66||67||73||73
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Vanderbilt University]]||32||38||38||41||41||42||41||53||52||50||49
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Washington University in St. Louis]]||22||28||28||28||28||29||29||30||31||31||32
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|ISR}} [[Weizmann Institute of Science]]||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||<span style="display:none">1000</span>||93||92
|-
|align="left"|{{Bandiera|USA}} [[Yale University]]||8||11||11||11||11||11||11||11||11||11||11
|}
==Note==
<references/>
=== Annotazioni ===
<references group="Note"/>
==Voci correlate==
* [[Scuola]]
* [[Università]]
==Collegamenti esterni==
*{{en}}cita [web|http://www.arwu.org/ |Academic Ranking of World Universities]|lingua=en}}
{{portale|università}}
[[Categoria:Classifiche internazionali di valutazione degli Atenei]]
| 