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==Proposals, June 2007==
{{Sprotected2}}
{{Infobox Country or territory
|native_name = ''République française''
|conventional_long_name = French Republic
|common_name = France
|national_motto = ''[[Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité]]''<br />"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
|national_anthem = ''[[La Marseillaise]]''
|image_flag = Flag of France.svg
|image_coat = France coa.png
|symbol_type = Coat of arms
|image_map = EU ___location FRA.png
|capital = [[Paris]]
|latd=48 |latm=52 |latNS=N |longd=2 |longm=19.59 |longEW=E
|largest_city = Paris
|official_languages = [[French language|French]]
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[republic]]
|leader_title1 = [[President of France|President]]
|leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name1 = [[Jacques Chirac]]
|leader_name2 = [[Dominique de Villepin]]
|sovereignty_type = [[History of France|Formation]]
|established_event1 = [[State|French State]]
|established_event2 = [[Constitution of France|Current constitution]]
|established_date1 = [[843]] ([[Treaty of Verdun]])
|established_date2 = [[1958]] ([[French Fifth Republic|5th Republic]])
|accessionEUdate = [[March 25]] [[1957]]
|FR_metropole = [[Metropolitan France]]
|FR_metropole_area = 551,695
|FR_metropole_area_rank = 47th
|FR_metropole_area_magnitude = 1 E11
|FR_metropole_areami² = 213,010
|FR_cadastre_area_magnitude = 1 E11
|FR_cadastre_area = 543,965
|FR_cadastre_area_rank = 47th
|FR_cadastre_areami² = 210,026
|area = 674,843
|areami² = 260,558 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|area_rank = 40th
|area_magnitude = 1 E11
|FR_foot = <sup>1</sup>
|FR_foot2 = <sup>2</sup>
|FR_foot3 = <sup>3</sup>
|FR_foot4 = <sup>1</sup>
|FR_foot5 = <sup>6</sup>
|FR_total_population_estimate = 64,102,140 <sup>4</sup>
|FR_total_population_estimate_year = January 2007 estimate
|FR_total_population_estimate_rank = 20th
|FR_metropole_population = 61,538,322 <sup>5</sup>
|FR_metropole_population_estimate_rank = 20th
|population_density = 113
|population_densitymi² = 293 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
|population_density_rank = 89th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2005
|GDP_PPP = $1.830 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank = 7th
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $29,316
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 20th
|HDI_year = 2004
|HDI = {{profit}} 0.942
|HDI_rank = 16th
|HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font>
|currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]])<sup>7</sup>, [[CFP Franc]]<sup>8</sup><br /> <br />
|currency_code = EUR, XPF
|time_zone = CET<sup>6</sup>
|utc_offset = +1
|time_zone_DST = CEST<sup>6</sup>
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|cctld = [[.fr]]<sup>9</sup>
|calling_code = 33
|ISO_3166-1_alpha2 =
|ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = FRA
|ISO_3166-1_numeric =
|sport_code = FRA
|vehicle_code = F
|footnotes = <sup>1</sup> Whole territory of the French Republic, including all the overseas departments and territories, but excluding the French territory of Terre Adélie in Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended since the signing of the [[Antarctic Treaty]] in 1959.<br /><sup>2</sup> French National Geographic Institute data.<br /><sup>3</sup> French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds and [[glacier]]s larger than 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) as well as the estuaries of rivers.<br /><sup>4</sup> [http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1118/ip1118.html Official INSEE source]<br /><sup>5</sup> [http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/pop_age3.htm Official INSEE source]<br /><sup>6</sup> [[Metropolitan France]] only.<br /><sup>7</sup> Whole of the French Republic except the overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean.<br /><sup>8</sup> French overseas territories in the Pacific Ocean only.<br /><sup>9</sup> In addition to [[.fr]], several other Internet TLDs are used in French overseas ''départements'' and territories: [[.re]], [[.mq]], [[.gp]], [[.tf]], [[.nc]], [[.pf]], [[.wf]], [[.pm]], [[.gf]] and [[.yt]]. France also uses [[.eu]], shared with other members of the [[European Union]].
}}
{{portal|France|Flag of France.svg}}
'''France''' ([[French language|French]]: {{IPA2|fʁɑ̃s}}), officially the '''French Republic''' ({{lang-fr|République française}}, {{IPA2|ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz}}), is a [[country]] whose [[Metropolitan France|metropolitan territory]] is located in [[Western Europe]] and that also comprises various overseas islands and territories located in other continents.<ref name=CatTOM>For more information, see [[:Category:French overseas departments, territories and collectivities]].</ref> Metropolitan France extends from the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[English Channel]] and the [[North Sea]], and from the [[Rhine]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. French people often refer to Metropolitan France as ''L'Hexagone'' (The "[[Hexagon]]") because of the geometric shape of its territory.
If you create a stub type, please move its discussion to [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive/June 2007|the June archive]], add it to the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Stub_types|list of stub types]], and add it to the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals/Archive|archive summary]].
France is bordered by [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorra]], and [[Spain]]. In some of its [[overseas departments]], France also shares land borders with [[Brazil]], [[Suriname]], and the [[Netherlands Antilles]]. France is also linked to the [[United Kingdom]] via the [[Channel Tunnel]], which passes underneath the [[English Channel]].
<!--add proposals below, with === level headers-->
The French Republic is a [[democracy]] that is organised as a [[unitary state|unitary]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]. It is a [[developed country]] with the sixth-largest economy in the world.<ref name=Lists>[[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|Rank by nominal GDP]]: 6 (2006); [[List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita|Rank by GDP per capita]]: 17 (2005); [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|Rank by GDP at purchasing power parity per capita]]: 21 (2005).</ref> Its main ideals are expressed in the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]. France is one of the founding members of the [[European Union]], and has the largest land area of all members. France is also a founding member of the [[United Nations]], and a member of [[La Francophonie]], the [[G8]], and the [[Latin Union]]. It is one of the five permanent members of the [[United Nations Security Council]] wielding veto power, and it is also an acknowledged [[List of countries with nuclear weapons|nuclear power]]. It is considered as one of the post [[World War II]] [[great power]]s. France is the most popular international tourist destination in the world, receiving over 75 million foreign tourists annually.<ref name=tourism.stat>As of 2004, the most recent statistics compiled by the [[World Tourism Organization]]; see [[World Tourism Rankings]].</ref>
===NEW PROPOSALS===
<!--Please add any new proposals below here using the same header level-->
<br /><br />
The [[Name of France|name France]] originates from the [[Franks]], a [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribe]] that occupied the region after the fall of the [[Western Roman Empire]]. More precisely, the region around [[Paris]], called [[Île-de-France (province)|Île-de-France]], was the original French royal [[demesne]].
=== Personality & Preference Inventory===
== Origin and history of the name ==
<br />
{{Main|Name of France}}
Can't find it and not sure how to put the info across as an NPOV. Will suggest stub. Can anyone help? <br />[[User:AVISSER|Cookie Monster]] 10:45, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
{{see also|List of meanings of countries' names}}
The name France comes from [[Latin]] ''Francia'', which literally means "land of the [[Franks]] or Frankland". There are various theories as to the origin of the name of the Franks. One is that it is derived from the [[Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] word ''frankon'' which translates as ''javelin'' or ''lance'' as the throwing axe of the Franks was known as a [[francisca]]. Much the same as the [[Saxons]] are named after a a variety of single-edged knives called the [[seax]].
==={{tl|GB-MP-stub}} / [[:Category:Great Britain MP stubs (1701-1800)]] ===
Another proposed etymology is that in an ancient Germanic language, Frank means ''free''. However, rather than the ethnic name of the Franks coming from the word ''frank'', it is more probable that the word is derived from the ethnic name of the Franks, the connection being that only the Franks, as the conquering class, had the status of freemen. The [[Merovingian]] kings claimed descent of their dynasty from the [[Sicambri]], a Scythian or [[Cimmerian]] [[tribe]], asserting that this tribe had changed their name to "Franks" in 11 BC, following their defeat and relocation by [[Drusus]], under the leadership of a certain chieftain called Franko. In [[German language|German]], France is still called ''Frankreich'', which literally means ''[[Reich]]'' (realm) of the Franks". In order to distinguish from the Frankish Empire of [[Charlemagne]], France is called ''Frankreich'', while the Frankish Empire is called ''Frankenreich''.
:''Moved from [[WP:SFD]] [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 00:40, 19 June 2007 (UTC)''
'''Propose creation''' of new stub template, and associated category, plus renaming of another related stub category.<br />The existing {{tl|UK-MP-stub}} is designed for [[Members of Parliament]] for the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]], which was only created in 1801 after the [[Acts of Union 1800]]. However, {{tl|UK-MP-stub}} is also being being used for members of the predecessor [[Parliament of Great Britain]] (1707-1800), members of which should be categorised separately.<br />The proposed structure can be summarised as:
The word "Frank" had been loosely used from the fall of Rome to the Middle Ages, yet from [[Hugh Capet]]'s coronation as "King of the Franks" ("Rex Francorum") it became used to stricly refer to the Kingdom of Francia, which would become France. The Capetian kings were descended from the Robertines, who had given birth to two Frankish kings, and previously held the title of "Dukes of the Franks" ("duces francorum"). This Frankish duchy encompassed most of modern northern France but because the royal power was sapped by regional princes the term was then applied to the royal [[demesne]] as a shorthand. It was finally the name adopted for all of the Kingdom as central power was affirmed over the entire kingdom.<ref>Elizabeth M. Hallam & Judith Everard - Capetian France 937-1328, chapter 1 "The origins of Western Francia" page 7: "What did the name Francia mean in the tenth and eleventh centuries? It still retained a wide general use; both Byzantine and western writers at the time of the crusades described the western forces as Franks. But it was also taking on more specific meanings. From 911 onwards the west Frankish king was known as the ''Rex Francorum'' -king of the Franks- and the name Francia could be used to describe his kingdom, as it was also used by the east Frankish, or German, kingdom... The Robertines, forerunners of the Capetians, were ''duces francorum'', dukes of the Franks, and their 'duchy' covered in theory most of northern France. Then as royal power contracted further, leaving the early Capetian only a small bloc of lands around Paris and Orleans, the term Francia was used for this region."</ref>
* [[Parliament of Great Britain]] → [[:Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain]] → {{tl|GB-MP-stub}} / [[:Category:Great Britain MP stubs (1701-1800)]]
* [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] → [[:Category:Members of the United Kingdom Parliament]] → {{tl|UK-MP-stub}} / [[:Category:British MP stubs]] (should be renamed to [[:Category:United Kingdom MP stubs]])
--[[User:BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] <small>[[User_talk:BrownHairedGirl|(talk)]] • ([[Special:Contributions/BrownHairedGirl|contribs]])</small> 21:58, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
*How is this for numbers - are there currently 60+ stubs which could do with this? If not, certainly an upmerged template is a good option until such time as there are. I agree about the change in the name of the category if a split is warranted. Not entirely convinced by the name GB-MP-stub, but I can't think of a better one... [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 00:40, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
==Contrast and diversity==
*I don't have tools to allow an easy count, but I am currently running [[:Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain]] through [[WP:AWB|AWB]] to split it into [[:Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies|English]], [[:Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies|Scottish]] and [[:Category:Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Welsh constituencies|Welsh]] sub-categories, and I reckon that there are well over a hundred stub articles for which {{tl|GB-MP-stub}} would be useful. --[[User:BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] <small>[[User_talk:BrownHairedGirl|(talk)]] • ([[Special:Contributions/BrownHairedGirl|contribs]])</small> 14:34, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
France is known around the world as a diverse country in its people, architectures and landscapes. About 56% of the French population claim to have foreign background [http://www.ined.fr] , which makes France one of the most diverse countries in Europe. Old and more recent immigrants came to France from the five continents (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and the Americas). [[China]] and the United Kingdom contributed most of its immigrants in 2005. France is also home of the highest point in Europe ([[Mont-Blanc]] 4,810 m; 15,780 ft) and the lowest point of Europe, [[Delta du Rhone]], (-5 m; -15 ft). France is seventeen-times smaller than Brazil and half the size of Ontario, which means that one hour by plane or eight hours by car are enough to cross the whole country from one extremity to the other. Despite its size, France's landscapes are extremely varied from one region to another, ranging from Paris and its suburbs to high alpine territory to oceanfront resort towns.
*New cat would get 108, though there's the complication that 25 would have to be double-stubbed, so this isn't exactly what you'd call a "clean split". Also bear in mind that there's existing subcats by a) party, and b) constituent nation, as well as c) currency. Given that this is somewhat in the spirit of the third axis, whose permcat was deleted ({{cl|Current British MP stubs}}, {{cl|current British MPs}}), I wonder if we shouldn't save ourselves some work by waiting until the permcats stop to-ing and fro-ing, and then come up with a consistent scheme. Oh, and if this does go ahead, I'd favour {{tl|Britain-MP-stub}} for the template. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:42, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
===Miscellaneous double-stubbing mashup===
On the one hand, France is highly densified with old architecture such as the city of Paris or the Centre of [[Troyes]]. The [[French Familly code]] is 200 years old and has been written under [[Napoleon]]. On the other hand, France is a highly developed country with an extensive highway network (for example: France is slightly bigger than [[California]] but its highway network is more than twice as long), 32,000 kilometres (20,000 [[mile|mi]]) of railways ([[SNCF]]), along with modern ski resorts and gigantic malls. France is also the country with the fastest average [[internet]] connection speed ([[ADSL]] and more recently [[optical fibre]] in Paris), and in 2004, for the 3rd time in a row, the French healthcare system has been ranked number one in the world by the [[World Health Organisation]].
The following all have double-stubbings of more than 80, where one of the types is in the 600..800 range.
*{{cl|Pittsburgh geography stubs}} 81
*{{cl|New York City geography stubs}} 85
*{{cl|United Kingdom hospital stubs}} 80
*{{cl|American biologist stubs}} 75
*{{cl|Zimbabwean sculptor stubs}} 72
*{{cl|Canadian lacrosse biography stubs}} 68
*{{cl|Hungarian Olympic medalist stubs}} 69
*{{cl|Malaysian building and structure stubs}} 67
*{{cl|Australian poet stubs}} 65
*{{cl|United Kingdom publishing company stubs}} 65
Most of the parentages should be obvious; two that are less so are Hospital_stubs+United_Kingdom_medical_organisation_stubs and Asian_building_and_structure_stubs+Malaysia_geography_stubs (the latter perhaps being food for thought as to what -geo- stubs are actually used for, "on the ground".) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 21:41, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
*Malaysia's been long overdue for its own struct stub template at least, and now a category seems a good move - and like similar struct stubs, its parents should be {{cl|Asian building and structure stubs}} and {{cl|Malaysia stubs}} (not {{cl|Malaysia geography stubs}}, since buildings aren't normally grouped in with geo-stubs). I'd be inclined to put the UK hospitals in {{cl|Hospital stubs}}, {{cl|United Kingdom medical organisation stubs}} ''and'' {{cl|United Kingdom building and structure stubs}}, since the articles are likely to be at least in part about the buildings themselves, much like with theatre stubs and museum stubs. Yes to all the others (72 Zimbabwean sculptor stubs? Whoda thought...?), though I'd ask whether the NYC and Pittsburgh geo-stubs are likely to affect the way the rest of the state-geo-stubs are likely to be split in future... will it make for problems with Penn and NYState later? [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 00:18, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
**I forgot the ob. whoda thought?: thanks for correcting that omission. :) I shouldn't have said "parentage", I really meant "constituents of the double-stubbing" (though in most cases they're the same thing). I don't think splitting by city is going to be a problem; elsewhere we've split by county, but then we tend to end up upmerging them to μSAs, MSAs, CSAs, unofficial regions with articles defining their scope, or totally made up ones. Cities of significant size will invariably correspond to (the population centres of) *SAs, so they can just be made a subcat. (Chicago and Chicagoland are already done this way, for example.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 01:12, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
===US schools by state===
*{{cl|Iowa school stubs}} 73
*{{cl|Nebraska school stubs}} 71
*{{cl|Alabama school stubs}} 69
*{{cl|Utah school stubs}} 65
*{{cl|South Carolina school stubs}} 64
Similar deal to below. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 21:03, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
*third time '''Speedy''' support. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 21:36, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
*'''Speedy support for the first four'''. I'm not happy with lumping the Carolinas together, though. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 00:21, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
**Hey, it's good enough for the NFL... That was a typo, fixed. (If one really had to lump the two, I think "Carolinas" would be more usual, though the USCB defines also smaller component regions of the South.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 01:22, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
***"Nothing could be finah than to be in Carolinah in the moooooooorning..." (and the song never says which one)...[[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 03:17, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
===US radio stations by state===
== History ==
*{{cl|Pennsylvania radio station stubs}} 131
{{Main|History of France}}
*{{cl|Florida radio station stubs}} 115
*{{cl|North Carolina radio station stubs}} 110
*{{cl|New York radio station stubs}} 92
*{{cl|South Carolina radio station stubs}} 84
*{{cl|Illinois radio station stubs}} 64
*{{cl|Indiana radio station stubs}} 60
*{{cl|Minnesota radio station stubs}} 59
All are currently populated from double-upmerged templates, so again I'm inclined to speedy these. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 20:56, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
*Again '''Speedy''' Support. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 21:35, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
===European actor subcats===
=== Rome to Revolution ===
I've been creating a number of upmerged stub templates for European actors, but two of them are now at exactly 60, so no longer need to be: {{tl|Denmark-actor-stub}} and {{tl|Spain-actor-stub}}. I propose to create cats fairly speedily. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 18:10, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
The borders of modern France are roughly the same as those of ancient [[Gaul]], which was inhabited by [[Celt]]ic ''Gauls''. Gaul was conquered for [[Roman Empire|Rome]] by [[Julius Caesar]] in the 1st century BC, and the Gauls eventually adopted [[Romance languages|Roman]] speech ([[Latin]], which evolved into the [[French language]]) and Roman culture. [[History of Christianity|Christianity]] took root in the 2nd century and 3rd century AD, and became so firmly established by the fourth and fifth centuries that [[St. Jerome]] wrote that Gaul was the only region “free from heresy”.
*'''Speedy''' support. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 21:35, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{Tl|Lithuania-footy-bio-stub}}===
In the 4th century AD, Gaul's eastern frontier along the [[Rhine]] was overrun by [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]], principally the [[Franks]], from whom the ancient name of "Francie" was derived. The modern name "France" derives from the name of the feudal ___domain of the [[Capetian]] Kings of France around Paris. The Franks were the first tribe among the Germanic conquerors of Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire to convert to [[Catholic]] Christianity rather than heretical [[Arianism]] (their King [[Clovis]] did so in 498); thus France obtained the title "Eldest daughter of the Church" (''La Fille Ainée de l'Eglise''), and the French would adopted this as a justification for calling themselves "the Most Christian Kingdom of France".
Upmerged template with over 60 articles. Suggest speedy create cat.[[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 11:42, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
*Agree with suggestion. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:03, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|geology stubs}} subcats===
Existence as a separate entity began with the [[Treaty of Verdun]] (843), with the division of [[Charlemagne]]'s [[Carolingian]] empire into [[East Francia]], [[Middle Francia]] and [[Western Francia]]. Western Francia approximated the area occupied by modern France.
*{{cl|tectonics stubs}} 107
*{{cl|geochronology stubs}} 122
*{{cl|volcanology stubs}} 63
Parent is oversized; these look to be viable, and not to overlap too much, if I'm understanding the category structure correctly. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 02:12, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
:Fully support split & willing to help populate as time permits. [[User:Vsmith|Vsmith]] 02:54, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
:Support; good idea. [[User:Avenue|Avenue]] 03:03, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
:Support - will sit nicely along glaciology-stub. With the usual caveat about volcanology (vulanology?) not being for actual volcanoes, of course. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 06:38, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
:Support. Makes sense to me with the assumption that all these stubs will be under the roof of Geology project. [[User:Solarapex|Solarapex]] 10:29, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
::They'll all be subcats of {{cl|geology stubs}}, and a project link or banner on the category page wouldn't seem amiss. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:12, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|dramatist and playwright stubs}}===
The [[Carolingian]]s ruled France until 987, when [[Hugh Capet of France|Hugh Capet]], Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of France. His descendants, the [[Capetian]], [[Valois Dynasty|Valois]] and [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] dynasties progressively unified the country through a series of wars and dynastic inheritance. The monarchy reached its height during the 17th century and the reign of [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. At this time France possessed the largest population in Europe (see [[Demographics of France]]) and had tremendous influence over European politics, economy, and culture. Towards the end of this era, France played a major role in the [[American Revolution]] by providing capital and some military assets to the anti-British rebels. The decisive French victory over Britain at the [[Battle of the Chesapeake]] followed by the French-led [[Siege of Yorktown]] in 1781 ended the [[American Revolutionary War]] and allowed the American independence over the British.
I don't have an exact count for this (though I suspect it's close to threshold just from the UK), but surely we should have this given the two existing national D&P stub types. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 20:00, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' per nom. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 17:57, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|United Kingdom children's writer stubs}}===
=== Monarchy to Republic ===
Oversized parent, 64 of them are in the "children's writers" tree, and no other "by genre" cat. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 19:36, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis.jpg|thumb|220px|Lord Cornwallis' surrender following the [[Siege of Yorktown]]. French participation was decisive in this battle, 1781.]]
*'''Support''' per nom. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 22:40, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
The monarchy ruled France until the [[French Revolution]], in 1789. [[King Louis XVI]] and his wife, [[Marie Antoinette]], were executed, along with thousands of other French citizens. After a series of short-lived governmental schemes, [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] seized control of the Republic in 1799, making himself [[First Consul]], and later [[Emperor]] of what is now known as the [[First French Empire]] (1804–1814). In the course of [[Napoleonic Wars|several wars]], his armies conquered most of continental Europe, with members of the [[Bonaparte]] family being appointed as monarchs of newly established kingdoms.
==={{cl|legal term stubs}}===
Following Napoleon's final defeat in 1815 at the [[Battle of Waterloo]], the French monarchy was re-established, but with new constitutional limitations. In 1830, a [[July Revolution|civil uprising]] established the [[constitutional monarchy|constitutional]] [[July Monarchy]], which lasted until 1848. The short-lived [[French Second Republic|Second Republic]] ended in 1852 when [[Napoleon III of France|Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte]] proclaimed the [[Second French Empire]]. Louis-Napoléon was unseated following defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War|Franco-Prussian war]] of 1870 and his regime was replaced by the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]].
At least 90 of them; parent is of course very oversized. Existing subcat {{cl|Latin legal stubs}} (should be "phrases"). [[User:Alai|Alai]] 18:36, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|Electronic sports stubs}}===
France had [[Colony|colonial]] possessions, in various forms, since the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s. In the 19th and 20th centuries, its [[Global Empire|global]] colonial empire was the second largest in the world behind the [[British Empire]]. At its peak, between 1919 and 1939, the second French colonial empire extended over 12,347,000 square kilometres (4,767,000 sq. mi) of land. Including [[metropolitan France]], the total area of land under French [[sovereignty]] reached [[1 E13 m²|12,898,000 square kilometres]] (4,980,000 sq. mi) in the 1920s and 1930s, which is 8.6% of the world's land area.
There is an [[Electronic sports]] category ({{cl|Electronic sports}}) but no stub. I think it would be a good idea to create one for a bunch of [[Electronic sports]] articles that may begin to arise as [[Electronic sports|esports]] hits national TV. One such is the [[Complexity Gaming]] article. [[User:Digx|Digx]] 08:50, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Eugène Delacroix - La liberté guidant le peuple.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Eugène Delacroix]] - ''[[Liberty Leading the People|La Liberté guidant le peuple]]'' ("Liberty leading the People"), a symbol of the [[July Revolution|French Revolution of 1830]].]]
:'''oppose''' need enough existing stub articles. [[User:Monni1995|Monni]] 04:50, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
Though ultimately a victor in [[World War I]], France suffered enormous human and material losses that weakened it for decades to come. The [[1930]]s were marked by a variety of social reforms introduced by the Popular Front government. During [[World War II]], after a series of unsuccessful rescue campaigns in [[Norway]], [[Belgium]] and [[The Netherlands]] from 1939 to 1940, followed by the May-June 1940 metropolitan [[German Nazi]] [[blitzkrieg]], which was supported by the [[Fascist Italy]] in its final phase, France's political leadership chose to surrender to [[Germany]]. The policy of collaboration with the enemy, a move that some disagreed with, led to the formation of the [[Free French Forces]] outside of France and of the [[French Resistance]] inside. France was liberated with the joint effort of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the Free French Forces and the French resistance in 1944. Soon the Nouvelle Armée Française ("new French army") was established with the massive help of US-built material and equipment, and pursued the fight along the Allies in various battles including the campaign of Italy.
==={{cl|United States media company stubs}}===
The [[French Fourth Republic]] was established after World War II and struggled to maintain its economic and political status as a dominant [[Nation-state|nation state]]. France attempted to hold on to its [[colonial empires|colonial empire]], but soon ran into trouble. The half-hearted 1946 attempt at regaining control of [[French Indochina]] resulted in the [[First Indochina War]], which ended in French defeat at the [[Battle of Dien Bien Phu]] in 1954. Only months later, France faced a new, even harsher [[Algerian War of Independence|conflict]] in its oldest major colony, [[Algeria]].
Parent oversized -- indeed, just about double-oversized -- 91 in the corresponding permcat hierarchy. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 03:53, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
*Already listed with 3 or 4 others on the to do list . [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 11:21, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
**D'oh. Forgot to check for redlink-links... [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:02, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
===Split of {{Tl|linebacker-stub}} and {{tl|runningback-stub}}===
The debate over whether or not to keep control of Algeria, then home to over one million European settlers, wracked the country and nearly led to civil war. In 1958, the weak and unstable Fourth Republic gave way to the [[Fifth French Republic|Fifth Republic]], which contained a strengthened Presidency. In the latter role, [[Charles de Gaulle]] managed to keep the country together while taking steps to end the war. The Algerian War of Independence and Franco-French civil war that resulted in the capital [[Algiers]], was concluded with peace negotiations in 1962 that led to Algerian independence.
Both are over 700, propose split by decade of birth as per precedent set by other position splits. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 23:36, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
*Support this and below, per prodigious quantity of precedents (and all bot-populable, to boot). [[User:Alai|Alai]] 00:41, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
:*I'd be very grateful if someone could popoulate these by bot, my knowledge of that side of things is poor, I will go through and try to pick up anything the bot misses, otherwise it will be a long hard slog. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 11:30, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
===Split of {{Tl|England-footy-midfielder-stub}} and defendesr and strikers===
In recent decades, France's reconciliation and cooperation with [[Germany]] have proved central to the political and economic integration of the evolving [[European Union]], including the introduction of the [[euro]] in January 1999. France has been at the forefront of the European Union member states seeking to exploit the momentum of monetary union to create a more unified and capable European Union political, defence, and security apparatus. However, the French electorate voted against ratification of the [[Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe|European Constitutional Treaty]] in May 2005.
Different shaped ball same solution by decade of birth split Defender and Midifelders are over 700 and strikers are just shy of 600 (stitch in time) nb goalkeepers are way off at less than 300 and not worth splitting yet.[[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 23:36, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|military decoration stubs}}===
==Government==
This looks viable as a subcat of {{cl|order, decoration, and medal stubs}}, and more to the point will help get rid of a few from {{cl|military stubs}}, which despite some recent shrinkage is still oversized. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 22:56, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Logo de la République française.svg|thumb|200px|right|Logo of the French government]]
<!--Please add new information into relevant articles of the series-->
{{main|Government of France|Constitution of France}}
The French Republic is a [[unitary state|unitary]] [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]] with strong democratic traditions. The [[Constitution of France|constitution]] of the Fifth Republic was approved by [[referendum]] on [[28 September]] [[1958]]. It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to [[Government of France#The legislative branch|parliament]]. The executive branch itself has two leaders: the [[President of the French Republic|President of the Republic]], who is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year term and is the Head of State, and the Government, led by the president-appointed [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]].
==={{cl|Seine-et-Marne geography stubs}}===
The French [[parliament]] is a bicameral legislature comprising a [[French National Assembly|National Assembly]] (''Assemblée Nationale'') and a [[French Senate|Senate]]. The National Assembly deputies represent local constituencies and are directly elected for 5-year terms. The Assembly has the power to dismiss the cabinet, and thus the majority in the Assembly determines the choice of government. Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 6-year terms (originally 9-year terms), and one half of the seats are submitted to election every 3 years starting in September 2008.<ref name=Senat>
The region cat {{cl|Île-de-France geography stubs}} is oversized now, so time to split into departments. Only this one is clearly over threshold at the moment, at 409 (cough). However, some others are close-ish Val-de-Marne, 49; Yvelines, 41; Seine-Saint-Denis, 40; Essonne, 39; and Val-d'Oise, 37. Paris is only at 32, but when one adds in the {{tl|Streets of Paris-stub}} (see /D), it's also rather close. I'll create templates for all of them, and then see what happens. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 03:10, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
:As I said at /D, I object to adding the streets to that section. Road-stubs aren't listed as geo-stubs for anywhere else, so why Paris? Far better to make a France-road-stub and category for it to upmerge to. As to Seine-et-Marne's category and the other templates, though, that sounds fine. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 03:49, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
::I don't especially care in this instance, since one the first one's done it'll be off my to-do list (hopefully for some considerable time), but as I said the previous time you made this objection, I don't see the expansion-oriented logic of lumping urban streets, and articles like [[Place du Colonel Fabien]], in with say [[A151 autoroute]] (not marked as a stub, but looks like one to me). Some common sense about when things "must" be sorted by type (as well as when they must not be) would be a plan. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 04:54, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
:I just don't see why France should be treated any differently to the UK, US, Australia, and Canada - in each of those cases, urban roads are not treated as geo-stubs, they quite logically get road-stub. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 23:42, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|political term stubs}}===
{{cite web
{{cl|politics stubs}} is another large and murky type, but this looks like a viable subcat. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 16:03, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
| author= {{fr}} [[French Senate]] | publisher= | year=2006 | url=http://www.senat.fr/role/index.html | title=Rôle et fonctionnement du Sénat | accessdate=2006-04-20}}
</ref>
:Do you have a good template name in mind? [[User:Valentinian|Valentinian]] <sup>[[User_talk:Valentinian|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/Valentinian|C]]</sup> 01:37, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
The [[French Senate|Senate]]'s legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the National Assembly has the final say, except for constitutional laws and ''lois organiques'' (laws that are directly provided for by the constitution) in some cases. The government has a strong influence in shaping the agenda of Parliament.
::I'd suggest paralleling geo-term-stub and the like, and making it {{tl|poli-term-stub}}. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 02:39, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
French politics are characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]], centred around the [[Socialist Party (France)|French Socialist Party]], and the other [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]], centred around the [[Rally for the Republic|Rassemblement pour la République (RPR)]] and its successor the [[Union for a Popular Movement|Union pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP)]]. The far right-wing [[Front National (France)|Front National]] is the third party in France with its share of the vote remaining stable at 16%. The executive branch is currently composed entirely of the UMP.
==={{cl|qualification stubs}}===
==Law==
The {{cl|education stubs}} are long-standing oversized, and the corresponding permcats hurt my eyes and brain. But this looks a clear-cut case: 70 of these. I wonder if we shouldn't also consider an {{tl|edu-bio-stub}}; the number don't look tremendous, but it'd also be a parent to existing cats (some of which I can't help but wonder if there's over-sorting to). [[User:Alai|Alai]] 15:48, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
{{main|Law of France}}
*'''Support''' both per nom. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 16:26, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Declaration_of_Human_Rights.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The basic principles that the French Republic must respect are found in the 1789 [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]]]]
France uses a [[civil law (legal system)|civil legal]] system; that is, law arises primarily from written statutes; judges are not to make law, but merely to interpret it (though the amount of judge interpretation in certain areas makes it equivalent to [[case law]]). Basic principles of the [[rule of law]] were laid in the [[Napoleonic Code]]. In agreement with the principles of the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] law should only prohibit actions detrimental to society. As [[Guy Canivet]], first president of the [[Court of Cassation (France)|Court of Cassation]], wrote about the management of prisons:[http://www.reseauvoltaire.net/article7985.html]
:''Freedom is the rule, and its restriction is the exception; any restriction of Freedom must be provided for by Law and must follow the principles of necessity and proportionality.''
That is, law may lay out prohibitions only if they are needed, and if the inconveniences caused by this restriction do not exceed the inconveniences that the prohibition is supposed to remedy.
==={{cl|Federalist Paper stubs}}===
French law is divided into two principal areas: [[private law]] and [[public law]]. Private law includes, in particular, [[civil law]] and [[criminal law]]. Public law includes, in particular, [[administrative law]] and [[constitutional law]]. However, in practical terms, French law comprises three principal areas of law: civil law; criminal law and administrative law.
{{cl|United States government stubs}} is oversized, this would take care of it for the time being: there's 69 of these. Alternatively, could broaden this out to {{cl|United States official document stubs}}, of which there'd be 82 (including the above, which is a subcat). [[User:Alai|Alai]] 00:25, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
:Except that strictly speaking the Federalist papers, for all that they are used to interpret the founders' intent with respect to the Constitution, they aren't official. Indeed they're a subcat of a different cat, ''United States '''historical''' documents''. Given the brevity of these papers (after all, each was in origin a newspaper editorial) I'm hard-pressed to see where a lot of these will ever be more than short articles serving as a bridge between articles on Supreme Court cases that cited them and the relevant Wikisource entry. That said I could live with a {{cl|United States Constitution stubs}}. <span style="font-family:cursive">[[User:Caerwine|Caerwine]]</span> [[User_talk:Caerwine|<small style="font-family:sans-serif;color:darkred">Caer’s whines</small>]] 03:35, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
::That's not the subcatting route I'm referring to (since it's not in the government subtree), but rather, {{cl|Federalist Papers}} being in {{cl|United States Constitution}}, which is indeed in {{cl|Official documents of the United States}}. Some Chinese whispers at work, perhaps. By permcat, {{cl|United States Constitution stubs}} would contain the 69 Federalist Papers, and exactly one other. (Usual undercatting caveats.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 03:49, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Its a case where A being a subcat of B and B a subcat of C both make sense despite A not being a subcat of C in any way shape or form. That happens with cats. Since there won't ever be any more Federalist papers written, I'm dubious about a stub type for them. It probably would be more profitable to go with {{tl|US-federal-gov-stub}} / {{cl|United States Government stubs}} (note the capitalization of Government) with parent {{cl|Government of the United States}} and move the existing {{tl|US-gov-stub}} / {{cl|United States government stubs}} up in parentage to {{cl|Government in the United States}} as there are a number of State and local government stubs in United States government stubs that strictly speaking shouldn't be under the current scope. <span style="font-family:cursive">[[User:Caerwine|Caerwine]]</span> [[User_talk:Caerwine|<small style="font-family:sans-serif;color:darkred">Caer’s whines</small>]] 04:47, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
::::That's what I meant by the "Chinese whispers" effect, and yes, it happens with cats: an annoying amount. I agree that the FPs aren't the most obvious stub cat scope, but if these are "permastubs", at least they're not cluttering up the parents, and if they do get expanded, they can be upmerged. However, I'd certainly also be in favour of splitting up these on fed/state/local grounds, whether with one, two or three such local categories. It also looks to me that {{cl|United States state government stubs}} would be viable, with 74 articles at the most conservative estimates. (i.e. current US-govs in the immediate subcats of {{cl|State governments of the United States}}). I'd also agree with your re-parenting suggestion (what an entirely inobvious and opaque distinction in category names!). [[User:Alai|Alai]] 15:26, 15 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|Radio Presenter stubs}}===
France does not recognise [[religious law]], nor does it recognise religious beliefs or morality as a motivation for the enactment of prohibitions. As a consequence, France has long had neither [[blasphemy]] laws nor [[sodomy law]]s (the latter being abolished in 1791). However "offences against [[public decency]]" ("contraires aux bonnes moeurs") or [[breach of the peace]] ("trouble a l'ordre public") have been used to repress public expressions of [[homosexuality]] or street [[prostitution]].
{{unsigned|124.180.204.52}}
==Old business==
Laws can only address the future and not the past ([[ex post facto]] laws are prohibited); and to be applicable, laws must be officially published in the ''[[Journal Officiel de la République Française]]''.
<!-- END OF COMMENT PHASE -->
<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="Old Business" style="background-color: #FFFFCC; border: 1px solid #663300; margin: 0.5em; padding: 0.5em;">Everything from here on down has passed the five day proposal period. Unless discussion to determine consensus is actively on-going, proposals may be acted upon, to be created, or noted as not approved. Move this marker up as time passes.</div>
==={{cl|Australian sport stubs}}===
== Foreign relations ==
Australia stubs are oversized, this looks like the most coherent group to split out, with 58 in the {{cl|sport in Australia}} permcat tree. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 03:14, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
{{main|Foreign relations of France}}
[[Image:France coa.png|right]]
French foreign policy has been largely shaped by membership of the [[European Union]], of which France was a founding member. France is also a member of the [[United Nations]], [[NATO]], the [[WTO]], the [[Secretariat of the Pacific Community]] (SPC), and the [[Indian Ocean Commission]] (COI). It is an associate member of the [[Association of Caribbean States]] (ACS) and a leading member of the [[La Francophonie|International Francophone Organisation]] (OIF) of fifty-one fully or partly French-speaking countries. It hosts the headquarters of the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], [[UNESCO]], [[Interpol]], and the [[International Bureau of Weights and Measures|International Bureau for Weights and Measures]].
===Fire Equiptment/Alarms stub===
In 1953 France received a request from the [[United Nations]] to pick a coat of arms that would represent it internationaly. Thus the French emblem was adopted and is currently used on passports.
{{sfp nocreate}}
{{unsigned|Thedjatclubrock}}
*See {{tl|firefighting-stub}}. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 19:12, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
That is not it. I mean Sirens, Horns and commercial fire alarms. For ex see [[notifier]]{{unsigned|Thedjatclubrock}}
{{section-stub}}
*[[Notifier]] is a company and would be sorted under some type of company stub. Under {{cl|Fire detection and alarm}} there are only 14 articles; if I go up the hierarchy I only see maybe twice that number under the whole umbrella of {{cl|Fire protection}} and its sub-cats. If there is an associated WikiProject, 30+ stubs is the lowest number at which a stub template is considered; if not, 60+. Until those numbers can be reached I see no need for anything more specific than {{tl|firefighting-stub}}. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 04:53, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
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==={{cl|telecommunications term stubs}}===
== Military ==
Oversized parent, 54 of these on the basis of catting; shouldn't be hard to find a few more. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 06:51, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Gaule96.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Charles de Gaulle (R 91)|Charles de Gaulle nuclear aircraft carrier]].]]
{{main|Military of France}}
The French [[armed forces]] are divided into four branches:
*[[French Army|Armée de Terre]] (Army)
*[[French Navy|Marine Nationale]] (Navy)
*[[French Air Force|Armée de l'Air]] (Air Force)
*[[French Gendarmerie|Gendarmerie Nationale]] (Military police)
The gendarmerie is a military police force which serves for the most part as a rural and general purpose police force. Since the [[Algerian War of Independence]], [[conscription]] was steadily reduced and was finally suspended in 2001 by [[Jacques Chirac]]. The total number of military personnel is approximately 359,000. However, 100,000 of these are in the Gendarmerie, and are thus unfit for external operations.
France spends 2.6% of its [[GDP]] on defence, slightly more than the United Kingdom (2.4%), and is the highest in the European Union where defence spending is generally less than 1.5% of GDP. Together they account for 40% of EU defence spending. About 10% of France's defence budget goes towards its ''[[force de frappe]]'', or [[France and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear weapons]]. A significant part of French military equipment is made in France. Examples include the [[Rafale]] fighter, the [[Charles de Gaulle (R 91)|Charles de Gaulle]] aircraft carrier, the [[Exocet]] missile, and the [[Leclerc]] tank. Some weaponry, like the [[E-2 Hawkeye]] or the [[E-3 Sentry]] was bought from the United States. Despite withdrawing from the [[Eurofighter]] project, France is actively investing in European joint projects such as the [[Eurocopter Tiger]], [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|multipurpose frigates]], the [[UCAV]] demonstrator [[nEUROn]] and the [[Airbus A400M]].
==={{cl|Russian scientist stubs}}===
The French "Force de Frappe" relies on a complete independence. The current French nuclear force consists of four submarines equipied with [[M45 SLBM|M45]] ballistic missiles. The current class, the [[Le Triomphant class submarine|Triomphant]] class is currently under deployment to replace the former [[Le Redoutable class submarine|Redoutable]] class. The [[M51 SLBM|M51]] will replace the M45 in the future and expand the Triomphants firing range. Aside of the submarines the French dissuasion force uses the [[Dassault Mirage 2000N/2000D|Mirage 2000N]]; it is a variant of the Mirage 2000 and thus is designed to deliver nuclear strikes. With 350 nuclear heads stockpiled France is the world third largest nuclear power.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/summary.htm Comparison of recognised and alleged nuclear powers].</ref>
Surprised we don't have this one already. At any rate, parent is now Officially Big, 141 permcat-based possibilities for this. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 05:23, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|Greater Vancouver Regional District geography stubs}}===
==Transportation==
BC-geo-stubs are oversized, splitting by regional district seems the obvious thing to do. 40 on the basis of just double-stubbing. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 04:51, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
{{main|Transport in France}}
[[Image:SNCF TGV-A 359 at Poitiers Futuroscope.JPG|thumb|left|200px|A [[SNCF TGV Atlantique|TGV Atlantique]].]]
The railway network in France totals 31,840 km, the most extensive in Europe, and is operated by the [[SNCF]]. High speed trains include the [[Thalys]], the [[Eurostar]] and the [[TGV]], which travels at 320 km/h (200 mph) in commercial use. The Eurostar, along with the [[Eurotunnel Shuttle]], connects with the United Kingdom through the [[Channel Tunnel]]. Rail connections to all other neighbouring countries in Europe (except [[Andorra]]) have been developed. Intra-urban connections are also well developed with both [[Rapid transit|underground services]] and [[tram]]way services complementing [[bus]] services.
==={{cl|television documentary stubs}}===
There is approximately 893,300 km of servicable roadway in France. There is no annual registration fee or road tax, however, motorway usage is through tolls except in the vicinity of large communes. The world's tallest road bridge is the [[Millau Viaduct]]. The new car market is dominated by national brands such as [[Renault]] (27% of cars sold in France in 2003), [[Peugeot]] (20.1%) and [[Citroën]] (13.5%).<ref>L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 page 294</ref> Also, with 70% of new cars sold in 2004 being diesel, it is becoming the preferred choice over petrol or [[Liquified petroleum gas|LPG]].<ref>http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/Fiches/voiture/rub3.htm</ref>
{{sfp top|hold off for now}}
Another reproposal: see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Proposals/Archive/February_2007#Cat:television_documentary_stubs|here]]. If people want to actually go ahead with the topic-based fishing expedition, I'll hold off; if not, this looks the only one that's ''remotely'' close to being viable on the basis of permcatting. (Sport is about 30, everything else way below.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 15:11, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
*I'll tackle this later in the week, after I wrestle US-tv-prog-stub to the ground. Thanks for the heads-up. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 18:22, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
**Have begun with {{tl|bio-documentary-stub}}; more to come. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 04:57, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
{{sfd bottom}}
==={{cl|Chinese scientist stubs}}===
There are approximately 478 airports in France, including landing fields. The most important and largest being [[Charles de Gaulle International Airport]] just outside Paris; it is also the seat of [[Air France]], the French national airline. There are ten major ports in France, the largest is in Marseille, which is also the largest bordering the Mediterranean Sea. 14,932 km of waterways traverse France.
Touch and go at 58, but much needed, as the China-bios are still growing: almost at 1000. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 03:03, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|economics and finance book stubs}}===
== Geography==
{{sfp create}}
{{Main|Geography of France}}
{{cl|Non-fiction book stubs}} are still oversized; {{cl|business books}}, {{cl|finance books}} and {{cl|economics books}} seem to disappear up their own fundaments in a category cycle, so pick your take for a suitable category name. Population of 72, by my count. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 02:51, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
While [[Metropolitan France]] is located in [[Western Europe]], France also has a number of territories in [[North America]], the [[Caribbean]], [[South America]], the southern [[Indian Ocean]], the [[Pacific Ocean]], and [[Antarctica]].<ref>Sovereignty claims in Antarctica are governed by the [[Antarctic Treaty System]]</ref> These territories have varying forms of government ranging from [[overseas department]] to [[overseas collectivity]].
*'''Works for me'''. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 03:05, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:overseasfrancemap.png|thumb|left|300px|France, including overseas departments and territories ''outre-mer''.]]
{{sfd bottom}}
Metropolitan France covers 551,695 [[square kilometre|km²]] (213,010 [[square mile|sq mi]]) and possesses a wide variety of landscapes, from coastal plains in the north and west to mountain ranges of the [[Alps]] in the south-east, the [[Massif Central]] in the south-central and [[Pyrenees]] in the south-west. At 4,807 [[metre|m]] (15,770 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]) above sea-level, the highest point in western Europe, [[Mont Blanc]], is situated in the [[Alps]] on the border between France and [[Italy]].<ref name=elevation>{{
==={{cl|2000s thriller film stubs}}===
cite web
'00s drama films is oversized, this looks like the most promising possible new subcat... but only 43 are catted that way. Anyone think they can drag up another 17? (I could start with populating an upmerged template if that would help.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 01:22, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
| author=[[CIA]] | publisher=| year=2006
| url=https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/2020.html
| title=The World Factbook: Field Listing - Elevation extremes
| accessdate=2006-12-14
==={{cl|United States opera singer stubs}}===
}}</ref> Metropolitan France also has extensive [[river]] systems such as the [[Loire River|Loire]], the [[Garonne]], the [[Seine]] and the [[Rhône River|Rhône]], which divides the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean sea at the [[Camargue]], the lowest point in France (2 m /6.5 ft below sea level).<ref name=elevation /> Corsica lies off the Mediterranean coast.
{{sfp create}}
[[Image:Satellite image of France in August 2002.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Satellite picture of metropolitan France, August 2002]]
Seems to be 60-odd of these. The opera singers aren't in urgent need of being split, but the US-singer-stubs are, and this would take care of a handful of them, at least. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 22:39, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
France's total land area, with its overseas departments and territories, is 674,843 km² (260,558 sq mi), 0.45% of the total land area on Earth. However, France possesses the second-largest [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] (EEZ) in the world, covering [[1 E13 m²|11,035,000]] km² (4,260,000 [[square mile|sq mi]]), approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, just behind the [[United States]] (11,351,000 km²/4,383,000 sq mi) and ahead of [[Australia]] (8,232,000 km²/3,178,000 sq mi).<ref name=Pew>According to a different calculation cited by the [http://pewresearch.org/ Pew Research Center], the EEZ of France would be [[1 E13 m²|10,084,201]] square kilometres (3,893,532 sq mi), still behind the [[United States]] (12,174,629 km²/4,700,651 sq mi), and still ahead of [[Australia]] (8,980,568 km²/3,467,416 sq mi) and [[Russia]] (7,566,673 km²/2,921,508 sq mi).</ref>
{{sfd bottom}}
==={{tl|US-rail-stub}} subtypes===
Metropolitan France is situated between 41° and 52° North, on the western edge of Europe and thus lies within the [[northern temperate zone]]. The north and northwest have a temperate climate, however, a combination of maritime influences, [[latitude]] and [[altitude]] produce a varied climate in the rest of Metropolitan France.<ref name=climate>{{
Oversized, here's two possibilities:
*{{cl|Defunct United States railroad companies stubs}} 187
or:
*{{cl|Class I United States railroad stubs}} 144
Anyone have a preference? [[User:Alai|Alai]] 19:50, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
: Can't we do the old split into 50 templates and upmerge to the 4 regions. Otherwise no preference (both?) [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 21:44, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
::Trouble with that is there'll be a lot of multi-stubbing, as most railroads seem to cover more than one state, and in some cases a large number of states. I'll see if I can get some numbers of that, though... [[User:Alai|Alai]] 22:15, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
:What about splitting out locomotives and/or trains? Would that reduce the burden any? [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 10:02, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
::Hrm, not a bad plan... It's a little swamped in the numbers by the mass of railway operating companies, but if we smoosh together the contents of the {{cl|trains}} and {{cl|rolling stock}} (I'd have thought one would be a subcat of the other, but seemingly I'd have been wrong), there's around 80. It's a somewhat broad church, but at least it would separate them from the above. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:26, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
:::It would be especially useful to split out the paper railroads since I imagine that they are most likely to remain stubby and provide the worst inflation to the numbers. [[User:Mangoe|Mangoe]] 16:07, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|2000s Japanese single stubs}}===
cite web
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| author=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] | publisher=| year=2005
{{cl|2000s single stubs}} is oversized; we'd ideally want to split by genre, but isn't the Japanese music scene nigh unto a genre unto itself? There's 120 of these, at any rate. Only other obvious possibility seems to be #1 singles, which it strikes me is unlikely to be of much use, since it smooshes together #1s in ''completely different countries and charts'', which is pretty pointless for almost any editor I can think of. (The singles and songs need either more use of "genre" cats, or else for their by-artists cats to be put in genre categories, as the album-by-artist cats are.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 19:11, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
| url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/country_2004/geography_4405/geography_1507.html
*As I understand things, the Japanese music scene is separate from that in the United States. I need a new stub category for an article on the A&M single "Reimy - Speed of Light" on which I am still gathering data (some awaiting translation from ja.Wikipedia.org). Recommend, as an alternate, '''Category:Japanese song stubs'''. - [[User:B.C.Schmerker|B.C.Schmerker]] 04:24, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
| title=Discovering France: Geography
**{{cl|Japanese song stubs}} looks sensible (and likely to be over threshold) to me, too. It might require a certain amount of double-stubbing rather than splitting, though. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 05:11, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
| accessdate=2006-12-29
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==={{cl|Latin America and the Caribbean singer stubs}}===
}}</ref> In the south-east a [[Mediterranean climate]] prevails. In the west, the climate is predominantly [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] with a high level of rainfall, mild winters and cool summers. Inland the climate becomes more [[Continental climate|continental ]] with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. The [[climate of the Alps]] and other mountainous regions are mainly [[Alpine climate|alpine]] in nature with the number of days with temperatures below freezing over 150 per year and snowcover lasting for up to six months.
{{cl|Singer stubs}} is large again, and the biggest unsplit countries by permcat are Brazil and Argentina, with Jamaica and the Dominican Republic in single-digit remainder. Before anyone protests that we split the Americas into "North" and "South"... well, why? That's not how the UN geoscheme works, and we really need to decide whether we're following it, or not. This would be smallish, but Mexico would be an existing subcat, plus there's probably significant undercounting. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 16:19, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
* '''Oppose''', we already have {{tl|SouthAm-singer-stub}} which overlaps. [[User:Monni1995|Monni]] 19:46, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
==Administrative divisions==
**Oh, I'd missed that, sorry. But that's a) an upmerged template, that doesn't seem to have immediate prospects of categorical viability with that scope, b) at a level that doesn't correspond to any permcat, and c) is at the ''third'' level of the UN geoscheme: which indicates to me that it's not the right way of tagging such articles, in any respect. The question remains, do we want to follow the UN geoscheme, or not? (At least in cultural and human geography matters: if this were a geological type, that'd be a different matter.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:38, 12 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Départements+régions (France).svg|thumb|right|300px|The 22 [[regions of France|regions]] and 96 [[departments of France|departments]] of [[metropolitan France]].]]
*** {{tl|SouthAm-singer-stub}} does have ~50 incoming links, so taking count that not all country-specific permanent categories have been sorted yet, there is chance that remaining ~10 will come eventually. [[User:Monni1995|Monni]] 05:01, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
{{Main article|Administrative divisions of France}}
France is divided into 26 administrative [[Regions of France|regions]]. 22 are in metropolitan France (21 are on the continental part of metropolitan France; one is the territorial collectivity of [[Corsica]]), and four are [[overseas region]]s. The regions are further subdivided into 100 [[Departments of France|departments]] which are numbered (mainly alphabetically). This number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates amongst others. Four of these departments are found in the overseas regions and are simultaneously overseas regions and [[overseas department]]s and are an integral part of France (and the [[European Union]]) and thus enjoy a status similar to metropolitan departments. The metropolitan departments are subdivided into 342 [[Arrondissements of France|arrondissements]] which are, in turn, subdivided into 4,035 [[Cantons of France|cantons]]. These cantons are then divided into 36,682 [[Communes of France|communes]], which are municipalities with an elected municipal council. Three communes, Paris, Lyon and Marseille are also subdivided into [[Municipal arrondissements of France|municipal arrondissements]].
===Arena Football===
The regions, departments and communes are all known as [[territorial collectivity|territorial collectivities]], meaning they possess local assemblies as well as an executive. Arrondissements and cantons are merely administrative divisions. However, this was not always the case. Until 1940, the arrondissements were also territorial collectivities with an elected assembly, but these were suspended by the [[Vichy France|Vichy regime]] and definitely abolished by the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]] in 1946. Historically, the cantons were also territorial collectivities with their elected assemblies.
I don't know if this counts as a proposal but, I would like to propose we do something with {{Tl|ArenaFootballLeague-stub}}. It was nominated for discussion a while back and was kept upmerged to {{Cl|American football stubs}}. Having looked at the what links here for the template and the discussion it appears that it is to be used on players. I propose this is upmerged to {{Cl|American football biography stubs}} or as it has over 30 articles and a wikiproject given its own category. I have to admit not knowing much about this sport so I don't know which would be best. If this needs posting elsewhere let me know and i will move it. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 15:07, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
*Own category is probably the best option. You could also create a separate -bio- template... [[User:Alai|Alai]] 15:48, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
===US-tv-prog subcats by decade===
In addition to the 26 regions and 100 departments, the French Republic also has four [[overseas collectivity|overseas collectivities]], one ''[[sui generis]]'' collectivity ([[New Caledonia]]), and one [[overseas territory (France)|overseas territory]]. Overseas collectivities and territories form part of the French Republic, but do not form part of the European Union or its fiscal area. The Pacific territories continue to use the [[CFP franc|Pacific franc]] whose value is linked to that of the [[euro]]. In contrast, the four overseas regions used the French franc and now use the euro.
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This has been lingering oversized for a while, and on the basis of categorisation, I see only one feasible axis to break it down further:
*{{cl|2000s United States television program stubs}} 193
*{{cl|1990s United States television program stubs}} 156
*{{cl|1980s United States television program stubs}} 104
*{{cl|1970s United States television program stubs}} 97
*{{cl|1960s United States television program stubs}} 69
*{{cl|1950s United States television program stubs}} 59
(Or alternatively "series" per the permcats, if that's a useful distinction.) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 15:47, 10 June 2007 (UTC)
*Can we hold off a bit while I slog through and see how much re-sorting I can do? I think a lot of them can be re-sorted by genre, at which point maybe we can make genre-related sub-cats. Cheers, [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 18:15, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
**That's fine with me, let us know when you know more... BTW, there might be another db dump soonish, so if people want to add genre-based permcats, that might also help. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 18:52, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
***I've dug through about half of the {{tl|US-tv-prog-stub}} articles and found many double-stubbed along with the appropriate genre. I think nearly everything in that category can be re-stubbed by genre. Can you do that voodoo that you do so well, and check to see which genres could use splitting? (since the toolserver is still out of date...) I'm finding a lot of non-fiction tv shows, particularly sports and cooking shows, which might be big enough to split out. Or maybe news shows. Thanks for any help you can give me. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 22:10, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
Ah, I see where I've gone wrong: was crunching from the wrong parent; there are by-genre cats, just not US-specific ones. My bad for missing that in the first instance, sorry.
*{{cl|Comedy_television_series}} 151
*{{cl|Non-fiction_television_series}} 139
*{{cl|Sitcoms}} 83
*{{cl|Drama_television_series}} 83
*{{cl|News_television_series}} 55
*{{cl|Children's_television_series}} 51
*{{cl|Comedy_television_series_stubs}} 47
*{{cl|Science_fiction_television_series}} 33
*{{cl|Drama_television_series_stubs}} 30
*{{cl|American_children's_television_series}} 27
*{{cl|American_comedy_television_series}} 26
*{{cl|Horror_television_series}} 26
*{{cl|Television_talk_shows}} 23
*{{cl|Game_shows}} 23
*{{cl|The_Outer_Limits_episodes}} 23
So it looks like comedy, non-fiction, drama, news and children's are pretty much gimmes (factoring in some modest degree of undercounting in the latter two cases). Comedy is possibly big enough to consider subcats, though that's not urgent. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 01:11, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
**Here's how these are ordered:
:*{{cl|Comedy_television_series}} 151
:**{{cl|American_comedy_television_series}} 26
:**{{cl|Comedy_television_series_stubs}} 47
:**{{cl|Sitcoms}} 83
:*{{cl|Non-fiction_television_series}} 139
:**{{cl|News_television_series}} 55
:**{{cl|Television_talk_shows}} 23
:**{{cl|Game_shows}} 23
:*{{cl|Drama_television_series}} 83
:**{{cl|Drama_television_series_stubs}} 30
:*{{cl|Children's_television_series}} 51
:**{{cl|American_children's_television_series}} 27
:*{{cl|Science_fiction_television_series}} 33
:*{{cl|Horror_television_series}} 26
:...so I propose a {{tl|news-tv-prog-stub}} and maybe a {{tl|sport-tv-prog-stub}}, although I don't see that in the list. Maybe upmerged {{tl|talk-tv-prog-stub}} and {{tl|game-tv-prog-stub}}. Any takers? [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 05:03, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
::Me, for one. Sports isn't on the list because I once ''again'' didn't pick a general enough route: there's 46 under {{cl|sports television}}, though, so that sounds very plausible, too. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 13:22, 14 June 2007 (UTC)
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===Split of {{Cl|American football stubs}}===
France also maintains control over a number of small non-permanently inhabited islands in the [[Indian Ocean]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]]: [[Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean#Bassas da India|Bassas da India]], [[Clipperton Island]], [[Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean#Europa|Europa Island]], [[Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean#Glorioso|Glorioso Islands]], [[Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean#Juan de Nova|Juan de Nova Island]], [[Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean#Tromelin|Tromelin Island]].
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Over 600 articles and the entire first page is either drafts or seasons, don't think that we have enough for a drft-stub but certainly we have enough for a season stub I propose {{Cl|American football season stubs}} with the template called {{Tl|AmericanFootball-season-stub}} or {{Tl|Amfoot-season-stub}}. [[User:Waacstats|Waacstats]] 14:36, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:After a recount we do have enough for a {{Cl|American football draft stubs}} again fed by which ever is deemed more acceptable {{Tl|AmericanFootball-draft-stub}} or {{Tl|Amfoot-draft-stub}}
::The main template in the parent is {{tl|Americanfootball-stub}}, so these should follow suit. Strong support on the first, and milder support on the second, BTW. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 01:36, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
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==={{tl|Producer-stub}}===
{{seealso|French metropolitan areas|List of towns in France|List of cities in France over 20,000 population (1999 census)}}
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I think there needs to be a producer stub, because right now I've noticed that a lot of producers are just listed under stub. I think it would make things a little more organized, if they had their own stub category. Also, from there you can get more specific, like tv-producer-stub or movie-producer-stub. It's just an idea. Anyone have any thoughts on this? [[User:Kc12286|kc12286]] 01:55, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
*'''comment''' - We've already got {{tl|film-producer-stub}}, and {{tl|music-producer-stub}}.[[User:Crystallina|Crystallina]] 03:21, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
: I looked for it. I guess it's listed under films. Well in that case, maye adding a tv-producer-stub would be helpful. [[User:Kc12286|kc12286]] 04:21, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
*We have just created {{tl|US-tv-producer-stub}}; are there any other nationalities big enough to split? Or enough among the other nationalities to merit a general {{tl|tv-producer-stub}}? [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 17:14, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
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==={{tl|Ancient-Euro-bio-stub}}===
== [[Overseas department|Overseas Departments]] or [[Overseas regions of France|Overseas Regions]]==
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*[[Guadeloupe]] (since [[1946]])
This one may need a little brainstorming from the WP:WSS regulars. During discussion with [[User: Apcbg]] about the unproposed discovery Ancient-Thrace-bio-stub, it occurred to me that a stub covering biographies of ancient Europeans not covered by the Roman or Greek stub types would probably be very useful and would almost certainly reach 60 stubs, with Thracians, Spartans, Celts, Teutons and the like. IIRC we recently had a similar call for an Etruscan-bio-stub, which this would also cover. It does face a couple of problems, however: defining "Ancient" and defining "Europe". Personally, I'd define Ancient as being the same as BC and would be lenient on Europe to include Phoenicians, Trojans and Carthaginians - none of whom could accuately be described as European. And if that was to be the coverage, it might need a better name ("Classical-bio-stub"?). Any thoughts? [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 05:27, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
*[[Martinique]] (since [[1946]])
*[[French Guiana]] (since [[1946]])
*[[Réunion]] (since [[1946]])
:::[[Image:Zlatna maska teres-2.jpg|44px|]]That would be a satisfactory solution I believe. Just one suggestion: Could we please illustrate the new Ancient-Euro-bio-stub with the picture used in Ancient-Thrace-bio-stub? It's the golden mask of a Thracian king, and reputedly the Thracians upheld the earliest cultural tradition in Europe (including the abovementioned 'peri-European' peoples too); as you possibly know the world's oldest gold (dated 46th century BC) was found near [[Varna Necropolis|Varna]]. [[User:Apcbg|Apcbg]] 12:00, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
== Economy ==
{{main|Economy of France}}
[[Image:A380_Reveal_2.jpg|thumb|400px|The first completed [[Airbus A380]] at the "A380 Reveal" event in [[Toulouse]] on [[January 18]], [[2005]]]]
::Sounds reasonable - the only other thoughts I had were the statue of Boudicca in Westminster, UK, and the statue of the dying Gaul - neither of which would be easily recognisable at that size. Discussing the stub icon's a bit like putting the cart before the horse, though - I'd prefer to get the actual name and scope of the thing sorted out first! [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 23:34, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) government intervention (see [[dirigisme]]). The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, and telecommunication firms. It has been gradually relaxing its control over these sectors since the early [[1990s#Economics|1990s]]. The government is slowly selling off holdings in [[France Télécom]], [[Air France]], as well as the insurance, banking, and defence industries.
:::I'm not an expert on stub-template names, but 'Ancient-Europe-bio-stub' seems better to me; with 'Ancient-Euro-bio-stub' one would expect to see an 'Ancient-Dollar-bio-stub' too :-) [[User:Apcbg|Apcbg]] 08:05, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
A member of the [[G8]] group of leading industrialised countries, it ranked as the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|sixth largest]] economy in the world in 2005, behind the [[United States]], [[Japan]], [[Germany]], [[The People's Republic of China]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. France joined 11 other [[European Union|EU]] members to launch the [[Euro]] on [[January 1]] [[1999]], with [[euro coins]] and [[euro banknotes|banknotes]] completely replacing the French [[French franc|franc]] in early 2002.
::Heh. "Euro-" is used as a standard for Europe-related stub templates. Perhaps it should be the full word, but it would require a hell of a lot of work to get them all changed over to Europe. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 01:13, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
:::Just fine with me. [[User:Apcbg|Apcbg]] 05:44, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
:::'''Support''' per nom and the image of the Thracian gold mask is fine. I presume the category name (when we have 60 stubs) will be {{cl|Ancient European people stubs}} ? [[User:Valentinian|Valentinian]] <sup>[[User_talk:Valentinian|T]] / [[Special:Contributions/Valentinian|C]]</sup> 07:24, 8 June 2007 (UTC)
::::In the meantime, the 'Ancient-Thrace-bio-stub' seems to have been transformed by [[User:Amalas]] into 'Ancient-Thrace-stub' (displaying however the former text "Ancient Thracians biographical article"); subject closed or what? [[User:Apcbg|Apcbg]] 19:53, 17 June 2007 (UTC)
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===Anime and manga -- do-over===
According to the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]], in 2004 France was the world's fifth-largest exporter and the fourth-largest importer of manufactured goods. In 2003, France was the 2nd-largest recipient of [[foreign direct investment]] among OECD countries at $47 billion, ranking behind Luxembourg (where foreign direct investment was essentially monetary transfers to banks located in that country) but above the United States ($39.9 billion), the United Kingdom ($14.6 billion), Germany ($12.9 billion), or Japan ($6.3 billion). In the same year, French companies invested $57.3 billion outside of France, ranking France as the second most important outward direct investor in the OECD, behind the United States ($173.8 billion), and ahead of the United Kingdom ($55.3 billion), Japan ($28.8 billion) and Germany ($2.6 billion).
We've been around this one before, but hopefully we might get a bit more traction this time. Parent is of course enormous. I hope I'm on solid ground with at least the first one, as it was [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Anime_and_manga/Archive_14#Mangaka_stub|already suggested]] at the corresponding WPJ (at which I'm about to drop a note about this). I wonder if a still broader {{cl|anime and manga biography stubs}} would also be handy.
#{{cl|Manga artist stubs}} 186
#{{cl|Anime OVA stubs}} 139
#{{cl|Anime film stubs}} 97
#{{cl|Science fiction anime stubs}} 144
#{{cl|Shōjo stubs}} 108
#{{cl|Mecha anime stubs}} 76
#{{cl|Fantasy anime stubs}} 71
As to the others, I'm easy either way on whether it makes more sense to split by medium, or by genre.
*'''Support''' {{cl|Manga artist stubs}}, '''Oppose''' all other as it give [[WP:ANIME]] too many stubs to juggle. Genre stubs are a particularly bad idea as most anime and manga belong to multiple genres and choosing the best stub won't be easy and a constant source of greif. --'''[[User:TheFarix|Farix]]''' ([[User talk:TheFarix|Talk]]) 19:17, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
In the 2005 edition of ''OECD in Figures'', the OECD also noted that France leads the [[G8|G7]] countries in terms of productivity [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita per hour|(measured as GDP per hour worked)]].<ref name=Labour2003>
*I numbered them for easier reference. I support all but {{cl|Shōjo stubs}}. ···[[User:Nihonjoe|<font color="green">日本穣</font>]]<sup>[[Help:Japanese|?]] · <small>[[User talk:Nihonjoe|<font color="blue">Talk</font>]] <font color="darkblue">to</font> [[WP:JA|Nihon]][[WP:MOS-JA|<font color="darkgreen">joe</font>]]</small></sup> 19:50, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
{{cite web
| author=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] | publisher= | year=2005 | url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/102008121078 | title=Labour productivity 2003 | format=[[Microsoft Excel]] | accessdate=2006-04-20
*'''Support''' {{cl|Manga artist stubs}}, as most manga artist articles are stubs. Glad you took it up, I never got around [[User:Ninja_neko/Mangaka_stubs|listing all eligible articles]] (there are so many!). Not sure about the other cats though, as this would mean you could apply multiple stub cats on one article (a mecha-sci fi-fantasy OVA for instance), it could get confusing. [[User:Ninja neko|Ninja neko]] 08:40, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
}}</ref> In 2004, the GDP per hour worked in France was $47.7, ranking France above the United States ($46.3), Germany ($42.1), the United Kingdom ($39.6), or Japan ($32.5).<ref name=GDP/hour2004>
**I imagine we'd (at most) want to do either the form/medium axis, or the genre axis, but not both. Since the "series" are in theory already split (that is, the type exists, but isn't significantly sorted to), and since it would presumably lead to less overlap, maybe the former makes more sense. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 12:19, 6 June 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' {{cl|Manga artist stubs}}, As for OVA and films, I have opposed a stub type for anime-series before because its purpose is far outweighed by the maintenance needed to separate them from other anime/mange stub types. Basically all of what Farix said I agree with. --[[User:Squilibob|Squilibob]] 07:52, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
{{cite web
| author=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] | publisher= | year=2005 | url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/40/29867116.xls| title=Differentials in GDP per capita and their decomposition, 2004 | format=[[Microsoft Excel]] | accessdate=2006-04-20
**Given the ever-increasing size of the parent stub type, can someone explain to me exactly what "maintaining" of this the anime WPJ is doing at present? From a stub-sorting point of view, it's not acceptable for this just to grow endlessly, and I can't believe it's very useful for anyone else (supposedly) working on these, either, at least as regards the chances of these articles ever being "unstubbed". Is the project going to agree to ''any'' way of sorting the remainder of these? (Note "agree to", not "actually do".) [[User:Alai|Alai]] 13:57, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
}}</ref>
::*'''Comment''': There are [[Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/Anime and manga articles by quality statistics|1847 stub]] anime and manga articles. If you split OVAs and films off then that would removed only 236 of the 1847 still leaving over 1600 stubs left in the one category, ''but'' some OVAs have film adaptions and vice versa. And science fiction/mecha/fantasy would have even more overlap. --[[User:Squilibob|Squilibob]] 05:11, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
[[Image:Esplanade-de-la-defense.jpg|thumb|300px|[[La Défense]], [[Paris]] is the heart of the French economy.]]
Despite figures showing a higher productivity per hour worked than in the US, France's GDP per capita is significantly lower than the US GDP per capita, being in fact comparable to the GDP per capita of the other European countries, which is on average 30% below the US level. The reason for this is that a much smaller percentage of the French population is working compared to the US, which lowers the GDP per capita of France, despite its higher productivity. In fact, France has one of the lowest percentages of its population aged 15-64 years at work among the OECD countries. In 2004, 68.8% of the French population aged 15-64 years was in employment, compared to 80.0% in Japan, 78.9% in the UK, 77.2% in the US, and 71.0% in Germany.<ref name=Employment2004>
:::*Well, for one thing you're using the wrong numbers: this has nothing to do with the "stub class articles", which would remain as-is. The overlap is actually pretty small: around 25 of the above. There's about 1200 A&M-stubs per se, and sorting 200 of them would be an excellent first step, in my book. Also bear in mind that these numbers are on the basis of existing categorisation, and are probably considerable underestimates (I'll compile a list of the A&M stubs with no other category, in the vague hopes someone might actually categorise them). If someone else has a better idea as to how to split these up I'm all ears, but if the project is just going to say "no" to everything... [[User:Alai|Alai]] 22:11, 11 June 2007 (UTC)
{{cite web
*Alternatively, if the films and OVAs are especially apt to overlap (or not an especially interesting distinction for editorial purposes in the first place), we could have a combined "film and OVA stubs" category, which would at least serve to separate them out from wholly different media. Would that be a more attractive option? [[User:Alai|Alai]] 17:14, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
| author=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] | publisher= | year=2005 | url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/36/30/35024561.pdf | title=OECD Employment Outlook 2005 - Statistical Annex| format=[[PDF|PDF format]] | accessdate=2006-06-29
**We don't have any film stub types that use release format (i.e. direct to video); I think just {{tl|anime-film-stub}} would work for our current purposes -- if necessary. There are only 2 pages of {{cl|Anime films}}. Any OVA can be given the category of {{cl|Direct-to-video films}} as well. [[User:Pegship|Her Pegship]] <small><font color="green">[[User talk:Pegship| (tis herself)]]</font></small> 19:31, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
***I've gone ahead and done this, with an initial bot-population on as conservative a basis as I could manage. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 04:15, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
==={{cl|fungal plant disease stubs}}, and such like===
}}</ref> This phenomenon is the result of almost thirty years of massive unemployment in France, which has led to three consequences reducing the size of the working population: about 9% of the active population is without a job; students delay as long as possible their entry into labour market; and finally, the French government gives various incentives to workers to retire in their early 50s, though these are now receding.
{{cl|Plant disease stubs}} is now huge: over 1300. The only trouble with a "fungal" subtype is that it look like ''it'' would be huge, too: hundreds of articles were double-stubbed with fungus-stub at the time of the last db dump a week ago, and there's been a lot more created since. Broadly speaking I'd imagine we'd want to split further by either taxonomy of the infective agent, or else by taxonomy of effected species. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 22:20, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
:I don't know what the solution is - perhaps I should stop creating all these stubs, and in fact, I'm pretty well done - I wanted to create stubs for all of the pathogens listed in the various disease lists. However, the issue is not really just restricted to 'stubs'. The 'Plant pathogens and diseases' category is now also very large. How could it be better organized? I noticed that the fungi category includes subcategories such as Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes. Most of the plant disease stubs are for Ascomycetes, however, very few have so far been added to this category. If they were, the category would also be large. There also some subcategories for specific genera. I don't know if we want to start creating genera specific stubs (e.g Fusarium pathogen stub, ...) or crop specific stubs (Canola disease stub ..), although the taxonomic approach seems to be one that has been used for the organization of plant species - although I'm not sure if this is also reflected in the plant stubs.[[User:Somanypeople|Somanypeople]] 01:02, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
As many economists have stressed repeatedly over the years, the main issue with the French economy is not an issue of productivity. In their opinion, it is an issue of structural reforms, in order to increase the size of the working population in the overall population. [[Liberal theory of economics|Liberal]] and [[Keynesian economics|Keynesian]] economists have different answers to that issue. Lower working hours and the reluctance to reform the labour market are mentioned as weak spots of the French economy in the view of the [[right]] and lack of government policies fostering social justice by the [[left]]. Recent government attempts at adjusting the youth labour market, to combat unemployment, have met with fierce resistance.
::That's really out of our brief. Perhaps the best solution would be for you to find whatever WikiProject is most involved with this subject and work out how to subdivide the main parent category - [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Plants]], or [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Biology]] perhaps, or maybe [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Fungi]] or even [[[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Microbiology]]. That would make our job easier, too, since we can then divide the stub cats along whatever line the permcats are divided. If the stub category isn't going to grow much larger any time soon (and you did say you've more or less finished what you're doing), then we can hold off any split for a short while, at least. [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 01:20, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
With over 75 million foreign tourists in 2003, France is [[World Tourism Rankings|ranked]] as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of [[Spain]] (52.5 million) and the [[United States]] (40.4 million). It features cities of high cultural interest ([[Paris]] being the foremost), beaches and seaside resorts, [[ski]] resorts, and rural regions that many enjoy for their beauty and tranquillity (green tourism). Aside of casual tourism France attracts a lot of religious pilgrims to [[Lourdes]], a town the Hautes-Pyrénées département, that hosts a few million tourists a year.
::: Well as a member of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Fungi]] I have been adding fungal plant diseases to their coverage but its quiet a small wikiproject. The majority of plant diseases are fungal, so the creation of a fungal plant disease catergory would, your correct, be huge. It may be best to divivde them by their hosts then. I suggest cereal disease stub, tree disease stub ect and I also suggest a general plant virus stub due to the number of viral family stub articles where all the members of that family are plant pathogens. Viruses also have a very large host range so it'd be harder to classify them that way. [[User:Million Moments|Million_Moments]] 11:02, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
France has an important aerospace industry led by the European consortium [[Airbus]] and is the only European power (excluding Russia) to have its own national [[spaceport]] (''[[Centre Spatial Guyanais]]''). France is also the most energy independent Western country due to heavy investment in nuclear power, which also makes France the smallest producer of [[Greenhouse gas|carbon dioxide]] among the seven most industrialised countries in the world. As a result of large investment in nuclear technology, nearly nine tenths of the energy needs of the country are met by nuclear power plants (86.9% in [[2005]]).<ref name=Energy2005>{{cite web
| author=[[Électricité de France]] | publisher= | year=2006 | url=http://www.edf.com/206i/Accueilfr/LesenergiesEDF.html | title=Palette énergétique| format=image | accessdate=2006-11-22}}</ref>
::On permcats (though as G. says, this isn't strictly on-topic for this page, but what the hey) I'd image one would want categorisation by both organism and by host. Say, cat:<taxon> or cat:<taxon> plant diseases, plus something along the lines of cat:diseases of <taxon> (or cat:<taxon> diseases). Whether one wants "intersection categories" between the two is a judgement call. Once those are in place, then it becomes just a matter of which of the two (or which combination) is the most useful for editors expanding them. BTW, notice also [[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Stub_sorting/Proposals/Archive/June_2007#fungus_subtypes|this proposal]] to split up the fungi per se, which presumably will overlap a great deal with this. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 14:04, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
Large tracts of fertile land, the application of modern technology, and EU subsidies have combined to make France the leading agricultural producer and exporter in Europe. Wheat, poultry, dairy, beef, and pork, as well as an internationally recognised [[Food industry|foodstuff]] and wine industry are primary French agricultural exports. EU agriculture subsidies to France total almost $14 billion.
===Split of {{tl|mil-stub}}===
Since the end of the Second World War the government made efforts to integrate more and more with [[Germany]], both economically and politically. Today the two countries form what is often referred to as the "core" countries in favour of greater integration of the European Union.
{{sfp top|create by continent}}
Mil-stub is 5 pages and needs a split. {{tl|Asia-mil-stub}}, {{tl|Africa-mil-stub}}, {{tl|SouthAm-mil-stub}} would be a good beginning and could also be the parent cat's to the existing x-mil-stub. Also, a {{tl|country-mil-stub}} would be useful.--[[User:Thomas.macmillan|Thomas.macmillan]] 21:29, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
*'''Support''' the continent splits (plus, if deemed useful, simular for Oceania, CentralAm, Caribbean and MEast). Not so sure about the country-mil-stub, though - what would that be used for? If simply "Military of Foo"-type articles, wouldn't they be better simply given their respective continental-mil-stub? [[User:Grutness|Grutness]]...''<small><font color="#008822">[[User_talk:Grutness|wha?]]</font></small>'' 23:32, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
{{sfd bottom}}
==={{tl|pharmacology-stub}} subtypes===
{{see also|List of French companies}}
{{sfp create}}
Bigger than ever, but categorisation seems to have improved, so the following all look to be plausible now:
==Demographics==
*{{cl|monoclonal antibody stubs}} 153
{{main|Demographics of France|Languages of France|Religion in France|Secularism in France}}
*{{cl|antimicrobial stubs}} 119
*{{cl|analgesic stubs}} 74
[[Image:France cities.png|thumb|230px|Metropolitan French cities over 100,000 inhabitants]]
*{{cl|sedative stubs}} 70
With an estimated population of 61 million people, France is the 23rd most populous country in the world. Population growth is largely accomplished through natural growth, and to a lesser extent, [[Immigration to France|immigration]].<ref name=Dorozynski>
*{{cl|anticonvulsant stubs}} 66
{{cite journal
*{{cl|antihypertensive agent stubs}} 62
| author=Dorozynski, A. | journal=BMJ | volume=324 | issue=7334 | pages=385| year=2002 | url=http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1172030 | title=France's birth rate matches high Irish levels
:'''Support'''. Monoclonal antibodies in particular would benefit from subsorting. I presume {{tl|antimicrobial-stub}} would apply to antifungals, antiparasitics etc. [[User:Fvasconcellos|Fvasconcellos]]<small> ([[User talk:Fvasconcellos|t]]·[[Special:Contributions/Fvasconcellos|c]])</small> 21:09, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
{{sfd bottom}}
}}</ref> In 2003, France's natural population growth (excluding immigration) was responsible for almost all natural population growth in the [[European Union]]. In 2004, population growth was 0.68% and then in 2005 birth and fertility rates continued to increase. The natural increase of births over deaths rose to 270,100. The lifetime fertility rate rose to 1.94 in 2005, from 1.92 in 2004. Net immigration fell slightly in 2005 to 97,500.<ref name=pape>
{{cite web
| author=Pape, E. | publisher=[[Newsweek Inc]] | year=2006 | url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7935921/site/newsweek/?rf=nwnewsletter%20',true | title=Unexpected Baby Boom. What can Europe learn from the 'exception francaise'? | accessdate=2006-04-20
}}</ref><ref name=linternaute>{{fr icon}}
{{cite web
| author=Planchard, C. | publisher=[[L'Internaute]] | year=2006 | url=http://www.linternaute.com/actualite/savoir/06/demographie/exception-francaise.shtml | title=Natalité : la nouvelle exception française ? | accessdate=2006-04-20
}}</ref> Despite this, France is an ethnically diverse nation. According to the [[INSEE|French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies]], it has an estimated 4.9 million foreign-born immigrants, of which 2 million have acquired French citizenship.<ref name=INSEE1>{{fr icon}}{{cite web |author=INSEE||publisher= |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/ipweb/ip1098/ip1098.html#encadre1 |title=Enquêtes annuelles de recensement 2004 et 2005 |date=[[2005-01-25]]|accessdate=2006-12-14}}</ref> France is the leading [[refugee|asylum]] destination in Western Europe with an estimated 50,000 applications in 2005 (a 15% decrease from 2004).<ref name=UNHCR>
{{cite web
| author=[[UNHCR]] | publisher= | year=2006 | url=http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/4492677f0.pdf | title=UNHCR Global Report 2005: Western Europe | accessdate=2006-12-14 |format ={{PDF}}
}}</ref>
A perennial political issue concerns [[rural depopulation]]. Over the period 1960-1999 fifteen rural ''départements'' experienced a decline in population. In the most extreme case, the population of [[Creuse]] fell by 24%. France's [[List of cities in France over 20,000 population (1999 census)|largest cities]] are [[Paris]], [[Marseille]], [[Lyon]], [[Nice]], [[Toulouse]] and [[Nantes]].
According to Article 2 of the Constitution, [[French language|French]] is the sole official language of France since 1992. This makes France unique among the Western European nations (excluding [[European microstates|microstates]]) as the only country with just one officially recognised language. However, 77 [[Languages of France|regional languages]] are also spoken, in metropolitan area as well in the overseas departments and territories. Up until recently the French government and state school system discouraged the use of any of these languages {{facts}}, however, they are now taught at some schools. Other languages, such as [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Maghreb Arabic]] and several [[Berber languages]] are spoken by immigrants.
[[Image:France demographie.png|thumb|300px|Demography evolution from [[1961]] up to [[2003]] (according to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], 2005). Population in thousands of inhabitants.]]
A [[Religion in France|variety of religions]] are practised in France, as freedom of religion is a constitutional right. Although many religious doctrines such as [[Scientology]], [[Children of God]], the [[Unification Church]], or the [[Order of the Solar Temple]] are considered as sects. According to a January 2007 poll:<ref name=religion>{{cite web
| author=Catholic World News | publisher= | year=2003 | url=http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=48547 | title=France is no longer Catholic, survey shows | accessdate=2007-01-11}}</ref><ref>{{ro icon}} [http://www.cotidianul.ro/index.php?id=8749&art=22782&cHash=597202ac5o Franţa nu mai e o ţară catolică], ''[[Cotidianul]]'', 2007-01-11</ref>
*51% of people polled identified as being [[Catholicism|Catholics]].
*31% of those polled declared [[Agnosticism|Agnostics]] or [[Atheism|Atheists]].
*10% of those polled identified as being from other religions or being without opinion.
*4% identified as [[Islam|Muslim]].
*3% as [[Protestantism|Protestant]].
*1% as [[Judaism|Jewish]].
The concept of ''[[laïcité]]'' exists in France and because of this the French government is legally prohibited from recognising any ''religion'' (except for legacy statutes like those of military [[chaplain]]s and [[Alsace-Moselle]]). Instead, it merely recognises ''religious organisations'', according to formal legal criteria that do not address religious doctrine. Conversely, religious organisations should refrain from intervening in policy-making. Tensions occasionally erupt about alleged discrimination against minorities, especially against Muslims (see [[Islam in France]]).
==Public health==
The French healthcare system has been ranked first worldwide by the [[World Health Organization]] in 1997.<ref>[http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html the ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis]</ref> It is almost entirely free for people affected by [[chronic disease]]s (Affections de longues durées) such as [[cancers]], AIDS or [[Cystic Fibrosis]]. Statistical life expectancy at birth is 79.73 years.
As of 2003, there are approximately 120,000 inhabitants of France who are living with [[AIDS]][http://www.indexmundi.com/france/hiv_aids_people_living_with_hiv_aids.html]
France, as all EU countries, is under an [[EU]] directive to reduce sewage discharge to sensitive areas. As of 2006, France is only 40 per cent in compliance with this directive, placing it as one of the lowest achieving countries within the EU with regard to this [[wastewater treatment]] standard[http://epaedia.eea.europa.eu/page.php?pid=502].
== Culture ==
{{main|Culture of France}}
[[Image:Descartes.jpg|thumb|150px|[[René Descartes|Cartesianism]] is prominent in France.]]
*[[Académie française]]
*[[French art]]
*[[French literature]]
*[[Cuisine of France]]
*[[Cinema of France]]
*[[Music of France]]
*[[Social structure of France]]
*[[Education in France]]
*[[Sport in France]]
*[[Holidays in France]]
*[[List of French people]]
===Literature and Poetry===
{{main|French literature}}
The French literature tracks its origins to the Middle Ages. French was not yet a uniform language but was divided into several oil dialects. Each writer then used his own orthography and grammar. Several French medieval texts are not signed such as [[Tristan and Iseult]] or [[Lancelot-Grail]]. A significant part of the medieval French poetry and literature is inspired by the [[Matter of France]] such as the [[The Song of Roland]] and the [[Chanson de geste]]. The "Roman de Renart" was written in 1175 by [[Perrout de Saint Cloude]] told the story of the medieval character [[Reynard]] and is an early example of French text too. There were though some medieval writers that became famous, for example the [[Chrétien de Troyes]]. [[Occitan|Oc culture]] also had a strong culture in the Middle Ages. There is a distinction between the [[trouvère]]s and the [[troubadour]]s, it was at some point a mark of education for the aristocracy to be a troubadour.
About the French language history one of the most important writer is without a doubt [[François Rabelais]]. The modern French language took a lot from this writer. His most famous work being [[Gargantua and Pantagruel]] without a doubt. Later [[Jean de La Fontaine]] wrote the "Fables", an ensemble of short stories written in verse often ending by a "morale".
It is in the 18th and 19th centuries that French literature and poetry reached its pinacle. The 18th century saw [[Voltaire]], [[Denis Diderot]] and [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]]. Many stories were also written for children in French, [[Charles Perrault]] had been most productive and wrote stories such as: "[[Hop o' My Thumb]], [[Puss in Boots]], [[Cinderella]], [[Sleeping Beauty]] and [[Bluebeard]]".
The 19th century saw some of the most famous French stories written down. [[Victor Hugo]], [[Alexandre Dumas]] and [[Jules Verne]] all became famous worldwide. Offering the world's heritage stories such as: [[The Three Musketeers]], [[The Count of Monte Cristo]], [[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]] or [[The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]. Symbolist poetry was a strong movement of the French poetry of the time with artists such as [[Charles Baudelaire]], [[Paul Verlaine]] and [[Stéphane Mallarmé]].
The 20th century saw several French writers reaching a high level too. [[Gaston Leroux]] wrote [[The Phantom of the Opera]] for example, less famous outside of France are [[Louis-Ferdinand Céline]] and [[Albert Camus]].
===Sport===
{{main|Sport in France}}
[[Image:TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|thumb|[[Tour de France]]]]
Popular sports include [[basketball]], [[football (soccer)]], [[handball]] and [[rugby union]]. France has hosted events such as the [[1998 FIFA World Cup]], and will host the upcoming [[2007 Rugby World Cup]]. [[Stade de France]] in Paris is the largest stadium in France and was the venue for the 1998 FIFA World Cup final, and will host the 2007 Rugby World Cup final. France also hosts the annual [[Tour de France]], the most famous and prestigious [[road bicycle race]] in the world. France is also famous for its [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] sports car endurance race held in the [[Sarthe]] department.
Both the [[France national football team|national football team]] and the [[France national rugby union team|national rugby team]] are nicknamed "''Les Bleus''" in reference to the team's shirt color as well as the national French tricolor flag. The football team is regarded as one of the most skillful teams in the world with one [[FIFA World Cup]] victory in 1998 and two [[UEFA European Football Championship|European Championships]] in [[1984 UEFA European Football Championship|1984]] and [[2000 UEFA European Football Championship|2000]]. The top national club competition is the [[Ligue 1]]. [[Rugby union]] is particularly strong in the southwest of France. The [[France national rugby union team|national rugby team]] have competed at every [[Rugby World Cup]], and take part in the annual [[Six Nations Championship]]. The French rubgy team has never won a World Cup, yet it has won eight grandslam in the Six Nations Championship. The top national club competition is the [[Top 14]].
===Marianne===
<!-- Image with questionable fair-use claim removed: [[Image:Martimbp.gif|right|thumbnail|100px|French postage stamp depicting Marianne]] -->
{{main|Marianne}}
[[Image:Marianne maçonnique.jpg|thumb|100px|Masonic Marianne bronze.]]
[[Marianne]] is a symbol of the French Republic. She is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic and first appeared at the time of the [[French Revolution]]. The earliest representations of Marianne are of a woman wearing a [[Phrygian cap]]. The origins of the name Marianne are unknown, but Marie-Anne was a very common first name in the 18th century. Anti-revolutionaries of the time derisively called her La Gueuse (the Commoner). It is believed that revolutionaries from the South of France adopted the Phrygian cap as it symbolised liberty, having been worn by freed slaves in both Greece and Rome. Mediterranean seamen and convicts manning the galleys also wore a similar type of cap.
Under the Third Republic, statues, and especially busts, of Marianne began to proliferate, particularly in town halls. She was represented in several different manners, depending on whether the aim was to emphasise her revolutionary nature or her "wisdom". Over time, the Phrygian cap was felt to be too seditious, and was replaced by a diadem or a crown. In recent times, famous French women have been used as the model for those busts. Recent ones include [[Sophie Marceau]], and [[Laetitia Casta]]. She also features on everyday articles such as postage stamps and coins.
== Miscellaneous topics ==
[[Image:Montstmichel.JPG|thumb|[[Mont Saint Michel]], a popular tourist site in France]]
[[Image:IMG 0133(Eiffel in Evening).jpg|thumb|Symbol of France, the [[Eiffel tower]]]]
[[Image:Avignon-palais-des-papes.jpg|thumb|Palais des papes (Palace of the Popes), [[Avignon]]]]
*''Description of the flag:'' three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red became the flag during the French Revolution and made popular by Marquis de Lafayette; known as the ''[[Flag of France|drapeau tricolore]]'' (Tricolour Flag). It is traditional to refer to the three colours in the order: blue, white, red. (''bleu, blanc, rouge''); blue and red are the colours of Paris, while white was the colour of the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] monarchy.
*The foundation of France as a kingdom is dated to [[496]] (the year of the baptism of [[Clovis I]]) since this event puts together three essential features of the country: the definition of a territorial limit (however much smaller than the current one), the definition of a power rule (succession from a king to his first son) and the definition of a social system (3 categories of people: warriors, priest and workers). The [[Treaty of Verdun]] in 843, which divided the [[Frankish Empire]] and created the kingdom of Francia Occidentalis (“Western Frankland”), from which France is descended, represents only the legal founding of the state. The French state has been in continuous existence since 843, among the oldest states in existence in the world, although its form of government has changed from one of a kingdom to one of a republic.
*Although commonly associated with the [[French Revolution]] and suggested by [[Maximilien Robespierre|Robespierre]] in December, 1790, France's motto, "[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité]]" was not adopted until [[Revolutions of 1848 in France|the Revolutions of 1848 in France]].<ref name=Frenchsymbols>
{{cite web
| author=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] | publisher= | year= | url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/france_159/discovering-france_2005/france-from-to-z_1978/the-symbols-of-the-republic-and-bastille-day_2002/index.html | title=The symbols of the Republic and Bastille Day | accessdate=2006-04-20
}}</ref>
*The national holiday of France since 1880 is the ''Fête Nationale'' (National Holiday), colloquially known as ''le 14 juillet'', officially celebrating the ''[[Fête de la Fédération]]'' ([[14 July]] [[1790]]) and ''not'' the storming of the [[Bastille]] ([[14 July]] [[1789]]) as is often believed, even by a majority of French people, and is the reason why the holiday is referred to as [[Bastille Day]] in [[English language|English]]. On the occasion of the ''Fête de la Fédération'', celebrated exactly one year after the storming of the Bastille, all the representatives of the provinces of France gathered on the [[Champ de Mars]] in [[Paris]] in presence of the king [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] and proclaimed the national unity of France. They vowed to remain faithful to "the Nation, the Law, the King".
:This day is considered by French Republicans as the real birth of France: France is no more a country made up of provinces conquered by kings, but a country of provinces and men who freely agree to form a common Nation. This concept of a Nation agreed upon is opposed to the German concept of a Nation based on ethnicity and race, and it was responsible for much of the conflicts between France and Germany in the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Alsace was a German land that had been annexed by the conquest of the French kings, while France considered that although Alsace had indeed been a conquered province in the first place, it had legitimately and freely become a part of France by the oath of [[14 July]] [[1790]]. It is thus no surprise that the 14th of July was proclaimed the National Holiday of France in 1880, 9 years after Germany had reunited with [[Alsace-Lorraine]].
:Despite being associated with the ''Fête de la Fédération'', [[Bastille Day|14 July]] irked many French monarchists, to whom it recalled the bloody memory of the storming of the Bastille. French monarchists formely wore a black armband each [[14 July]] in defiance of the national holiday.
*The French city of [[Avignon]] replaced [[Rome]] as home to the [[Papacy]] between 1309-1377. The town remained under papal control until 1791, when it was incorporated into France.
*Popular tourist sites include: (according to a 2003 ranking [http://www.culture.gouv.fr/dep/mini_chiff_03/fr/musee.htm] visitors per year) : [[Eiffel Tower]] (6.2 million), [[Louvre|Louvre Museum]] (5.7 million), [[Palace of Versailles]] (2.8 million), [[Orsay Museum]] (2.1 million), [[Arc de Triomphe]] (1.2 million), [[Centre Georges Pompidou|Centre Pompidou]] (1.2 million), [[Mont-Saint-Michel]] (1 million), [[Château de Chambord]] (711,000),[[Sainte-Chapelle]] (683,000), [[Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg]] (549,000), [[Musée Picasso]] (441,000), [[Carcassonne]] (362,000). Other very popular [http://www.culture.gouv.fr/dep/mini_chiff_2006/fr/minichiffres_cles_2006.pdf] and well-known tourist sites include: [[Palais des Papes|Palace of the Popes, Avignon]], [[Disneyland Resort Paris]], the [[Chateau|châteaux]] of the [[Loire Valley]], the ski resorts of the French [[Alps]] or [[Pyrenees]], [[Tahiti]] and the [[lagoon]]s of [[French Polynesia]], etc.
*France is home to the international cycling competition [[Le Tour de France]].
==International rankings==
*Total [[Gross domestic product|GDP]], 2005: [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|6th (out of 180)]] ([[World Bank Group|World Bank]] data)
*Total value of [[foreign trade]] ([[International trade|import]]s and [[exports]]), 2002: 4th (out of 185)
*[[Reporters Without Borders]] world-wide press freedom index 2005: Rank 30 out of 167 countries
*[http://www.transparency.org/cpi/2005/2005.10.18.cpi.en.html Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2005] - 18th of 159 countries
==See also==
*[[Europe]]
*[[Great power]]
*[[Latin Union]]
*[[List of French people]]
*[[Military history of France]]
*[[Trente Glorieuses]]
==Notes and references==
{{sisterlinks|France}}
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>
==External links==
'''French government:'''
*[http://www.service-public.fr/etranger/english.html Official site of the French public service] - Contains many links to various administrations and institutions
*[http://www.franceguide.com/ Guide to France from the French Government Tourist Office]
'''Country profiles:'''
*[http://www.britannica.com/nations/France Encyclopaedia Britannica] - France's country page
*[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/fr.html CIA - The World Factbook]
*[http://www.pagesjaunes.fr/pb.cgi?lang=en Phone numbers from [[France Télécom]]]
*{{wikitravel}}
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[[hi:फ़्राँस]]
[[hsb:Francoska]]
[[hr:Francuska]]
[[io:Francia]]
[[ilo:Francia]]
[[id:Perancis]]
[[ia:Francia]]
[[os:Франц]]
[[is:Frakkland]]
[[it:Francia]]
[[he:צרפת]]
[[kn:ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್]]
[[ka:საფრანგეთი]]
[[ks:फ्रांस]]
[[csb:Francëjô]]
[[kw:Pow Frynk]]
[[sw:Ufaransa]]
[[ht:Frans]]
[[ku:Fransa]]
[[lad:Fransia]]
[[la:Francia]]
[[lv:Francija]]
[[lb:Frankräich]]
[[lt:Prancūzija]]
[[li:Frankriek]]
[[ln:Falansia]]
[[jbo:fasygu'e]]
[[lmo:Francja]]
[[hu:Franciaország]]
[[mk:Франција]]
[[mg:Frantsa]]
[[ml:ഫ്രാന്സ്]]
[[mr:फ्रान्स]]
[[ms:Perancis]]
[[cdo:Huák-guók]]
[[mn:Франц улс]]
[[na:France]]
[[nl:Frankrijk]]
[[nds-nl:Frankriek]]
[[ne:फ्रान्स]]
[[ja:フランス]]
[[no:Frankrike]]
[[nn:Frankrike]]
[[nrm:France]]
[[nov:Fransia]]
[[oc:França]]
[[ug:فرانسىيە]]
[[pam:France]]
[[ps:فرانسه]]
[[pms:Fransa]]
[[nds:Frankriek]]
[[pl:Francja]]
[[pt:França]]
[[ty:Farāni]]
[[ksh:Frankrish]]
[[ro:Franţa]]
[[rmy:Franchiya]]
[[rm:Frantscha]]
[[qu:Fransya]]
[[ru:Франция]]
[[war:Fransya]]
[[sa:फ्रांस]]
[[sc:Frantza]]
[[sco:Fraunce]]
[[st:France]]
[[sq:Franca]]
[[ru-sib:Францыя]]
[[scn:Francia]]
[[simple:France]]
[[sk:Francúzsko]]
[[sl:Francija]]
[[so:Faransiiska]]
[[sr:Француска]]
[[sh:Francuska]]
[[fi:Ranska]]
[[sv:Frankrike]]
[[tl:Pransya]]
[[ta:பிரான்ஸ்]]
[[tet:Fransa]]
[[th:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส]]
[[vi:Pháp]]
[[tg:Фаронса]]
[[tpi:Pranis]]
[[tr:Fransa]]
[[udm:Франция]]
[[uk:Франція]]
[[ur:فرانس]]
[[vec:Franzsa]]
[[vo:Fransän]]
[[fiu-vro:Prantsusmaa]]
[[vls:Vrankriek]]
[[zh-yue:法國]]
[[zh:法国]]
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