Oscar Wilde and Jenny McCarthy: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 20:55, 19 June 2007

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{{Infobox Playboy Playmate

[[Image:oscar.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Oscar Wilde]]

| name=Jenny McCarthy

'''Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde''' ([[October 16]], [[1854]] – [[November 30]], [[1900]]) was an [[Anglo-Irish]] [[playwright]], [[novelist]], [[Irish poetry|poet]], and [[short story]] writer. One of the most successful playwrights of late [[Victorian Era|Victorian]] [[London]], and one of the greatest [[Celebrity|celebrities]] of his day, known for his barbed and clever wit, he suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned after being convicted in a famous trial of "gross indecency" for [[homosexuality|homosexual]] acts.

| image-name=Jenny McCarthy at E3 2006.jpg

| month=October 1993

| birthplace=[[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]

| birthdate={{birth date and age|1972|11|1}}

| bust=38 |waist=24 |hips=34

| height={{Height|ft=5|in=7}}

| weight={{Weight|lb=121}}

| preceded=[[Carrie Westcott]]

| succeeded=[[Julianna Young]]

| pmoy-year=1994

| pmoy-preceded=[[Anna Nicole Smith]]

| pmoy-succeeded=[[Julie Lynn Cialini]]

}}

'''Jennifer McCarthy''' (born [[November 1]], [[1972]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[model (person)|model]], [[comedian]], [[actor|actress]] and [[author]]. She first appeared in ''[[Playboy]]'' magazine in October 1993 and was named [[List of Playmates of the Year|Playmate of the Year]] in its June 1994 issue. She later began a career in television and film and has recently started writing books. She and fellow model and actress [[Pamela Anderson]] are generally considered the most recognizable Playboy Playmates.

== Biography ==

===Birth and earlyEarly life ===

[[Image:Oscar_wilde_in_dublin.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of Oscar Wilde in Dublin's Merrion Square Park (Archbishop Ryan Park).]]

Wilde was born into a Protestant Anglo-Irish family, at 21 Westland Row, [[Dublin]], to Sir [[William Wilde]] and his wife [[Jane Wilde|Jane]]. Jane was a successful writer and an Irish [[nationalism|nationalist]], known also as 'Speranza', while Sir William was Ireland's leading ear and eye surgeon, and wrote books on [[archaeology]] and [[folklore]]. He was a renowned philanthropist, and his dispensary for the care of the city's poor, situated in [[Lincoln Place]] at the rear of [[Trinity College, Dublin]] was the forerunner of the Dublin Eye and Ear Hospital, now located at Adelaide Road.

She was cool. And it was good.

In June [[1855]], the family moved to 1 Merrion Square, a fashionable residential area. Here, Lady Wilde held a regular Saturday afternoon [[Salon (gathering)|salon]] with guests including such figures as [[Sheridan le Fanu]], [[Samuel Lever]], [[George Petrie]], [[Isaac Butt]] and [[Samuel Ferguson]]. Oscar was educated at home up to the age of nine. He attended [[Portora Royal School]] in [[Enniskillen]], [[County Fermanagh|Fermanagh]] from [[1864]] to [[1871]], spending the summer months with his family in rural [[County Waterford|Waterford]], [[County Wexford |Wexford]] and at William Wilde's family home in [[County Mayo|Mayo]]. Here the Wilde brothers played with the young [[George Moore (novelist)|George Moore]].

McCarthy was born in [[Chicago, Illinois]], to a middle-class [[Irish American]] [[Catholic]] family that lived in Southwest Chicago in the [[West Elsdon, Chicago|West Elsdon]] neighborhood. She is the second of four daughters; her sisters are named [[Joanne McCarthy|Joanne]], [[Amy McCarthy|Amy]] and Lynette. Her mother, Linda, was a housewife, and her father, Dan McCarthy, was a steel mill foreman.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/specials/magazine4/articles/mccarthy.html</ref> She attended St. Turibius Grade School on Chicago's South Side. As a teenager, McCarthy attended [[Mother McAuley Liberal Arts High School]] (whose school sweater she donned in the pages of ''Playboy'') and was cheerleader at both [[Brother Rice High School]] and [[St. Laurence High School]]s,<ref>Austin, Michael and Jennifer Wehunt, "Before They Were Famous," ''[[Chicago (magazine)|Chicago]]'', pg. 76, February 2007, Volume 56, number 2.</ref><!-- no citation for status as cheerleading captain--> although she has referred to herself as an "outcast" at her school.<ref>http://www.usaweekend.com/98_issues/980719/980719talk_mccarthy.html</ref> After McCarthy graduated from high school, she attended [[Southern Illinois University Carbondale]] to study nursing. She needed money to pay for college, so she decided to submit her picture to ''[[Playboy]]'' magazine to make money. She was accepted and became a model.

=== Modeling and acting career ===

After leaving Portora, Oscar Wilde studied classics at [[Trinity College, Dublin]], from [[1871]] to [[1874]]. He was an outstanding student, and won the [[Berkeley Gold Medal]], the highest award available to [[classics]] students at Trinity. He was granted a [[scholarship]] to [[Magdalen College, Oxford]], where he continued his studies from [[1874]] to [[1878]]. While at Magdalen, Wilde won the [[1878]] [[Oxford Newdigate Prize]] for his poem ''Ravenna''. He graduated with a [[British undergraduate degree classification#First Class Honours|double first]], the highest grade available at Oxford.

After getting accepted by ''Playboy'' in 1993, the magazine wanted her to pose for the October issue. McCarthy was paid $30,000 for the photo shoot. McCarthy became the Playmate of the Month and later the Playmate of the Year. With this, McCarthy gained attention and popularity. In [[1994]], McCarthy moved to [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]. For a time, she hosted ''Hot Rocks'', a [[Playboy TV]] show featuring uncensored [[music video]]s.

In [[1995]], [[MTV]] chose McCarthy to be the host of a new dating show called ''[[Singled Out]]'', for which she left ''Hot Rocks''. Her job as a host was a success, and Playboy wanted her to model more. In [[1996]], McCarthy landed a small part in the comedy ''[[The Stupids]]''. In [[1997]] McCarthy launched two shows. The first one was an MTV sketch comedy show called ''The Jenny McCarthy Show'', which was popular enough that NBC signed her to do a sitcom later that year called ''Jenny'', generally considered a disappointment and was quickly canceled. Also in [[1997]], she appeared on one of two covers for the September issue of ''Playboy'', the other cover had [[Pamela Anderson]] on the cover. McCarthy also released an autobiography: ''Jen-X''. McCarthy once modeled for Candies, a shoe company. In one advertisement, McCarthy posed naked wearing only shoes and having her panties off while sitting on a toilet seat. This stirred a controversy.

During this time, Wilde became familiar with philosophies and writings on same-sex love, and lived for several years with a male lover he had met in 1876, the society painter Frank Miles. However, in keeping with the social mores of his day, such activities were kept secret from the straight world.

In [[1998]], McCarthy starred in ''[[BASEketball]]''. In [[1999]], she starred in ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]'', a movie which was directed by her husband [[John Mallory Asher]]. The next year, she appeared in the popular horror movie ''[[Scream 3]]''. Since [[2001]], McCarthy has guest-starred in many shows as ''[[Stacked]]'', ''[[Charmed]]'', ''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'', ''[[Fastlane (TV series)|Fastlane]]'' and ''[[Just Shoot Me!]]''.

=== Marriage and family ===

After graduating from Magdalen, Wilde returned to Dublin, where he met and fell in love with [[Florence Balcome]]. She in turn became engaged to [[Bram Stoker]]. On hearing of her engagement, Wilde wrote to her stating his intention to leave [[Ireland]] permanently. He left in 1878 and was to return to his native country only twice, for brief visits. The next six years were spent in [[London]], [[Paris]] and the [[United States]], where he travelled to deliver lectures.

In [[2003]], McCarthy appeared in ''[[Scary Movie 3]]'' along with model and actress [[Pamela Anderson]]. In [[2005]], McCarthy produced, wrote and starred in ''[[Dirty Love]]'' along with [[Carmen Electra]]. The same year, McCarthy hosted a new show on [[E!]] called ''Party at the Palms''. The reality show, which is filmed at [[The Palms]] Hotel in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]], features hotel guests, party goers and celebrities acting outrageously with McCarthy. In March 2006, she was given [[2005 Golden Raspberry Awards|Razzie Awards]] for "Worst Actress," "Worst Screenplay," and "Worst Picture" for her work on ''Dirty Love'', which also netted her then-husband, [[John Mallory Asher|John Asher]], a Razzie for "Worst Director."

In London, he met Constance Lloyd, daughter of the wealthy [[Queen's Counsel]], [[Horace Lloyd]]. She was visiting Dublin in [[1884]] when Oscar was in the city to give lectures at the [[Gaiety Theatre]]. He proposed to her and they married on [[May 29]], [[1884]] in [[Paddington]], London. Constance's allowance of £250 allowed the Wildes to live in relative luxury. The couple had two sons, [[Cyril Holland|Cyril]] ([[1885]]) and [[Vyvyan Holland|Vyvyan]] ([[1886]]). After Oscar's downfall Constance took the surname Holland for herself and the boys. She died in [[1898]] following spinal surgery and was buried in Staglieno Cemetery in [[Genoa]], [[Italy]]. Cyril was killed in France in [[World War I]]. Vyvyan survived the war and went on to become an author and translator. He published his memoir in [[1954]]. His son, [[Merlin Holland]], has edited and published several works about his grandfather.

===Aestheticism Public persona ===

Though McCarthy initially rose to fame because of her sexual image, a frequent source of her celebrity derives from [[toilet humor]], particularly the shock of seeing a beautiful woman urinate, vomit, pass gas, or pick her nose.

[[Image:Wasp cartoon on Oscar Wilde.jpg|thumb|Keller cartoon from the ''Wasp'' of [[San Francisco]] depicting Wilde on the occasion of his visit there in [[1882]].]]

While at Magdalen College, Wilde became particularly well known for his role in the [[aesthetic movement|aesthetic]] and [[decadence|decadent movement]]s. He began wearing his hair long and openly scorning so-called "manly" sports, and began decorating his rooms with [[peacock]] feathers, lilies, [[sunflowers]], blue china and other ''[[objets d'art]]''.

Another Candies ad, which did not cause as much controversy, found McCarthy passing gas in a crowded elevator. A sketch on her MTV show centered around her character, a well-coifed business woman, answering the question of "What did you have for lunch?" by forcing herself to vomit all over a table (which she then ate on-screen). The direct contrast of McCarthy's reputation as a sex symbol and this often grotesque humor is closely associated with her image. This image was taken to a new extreme in her film ''Dirty Love'', which featured McCarthy's character sitting in a massive pool of her own [[menstrual blood]].[http://www.hecklerspray.com/glory-at-the-razzies-for-tom-cruise-nicole-kidman/20062393.php]

His behaviour cost him a dunking in the [[River Cherwell]] in addition to having his rooms (which still survive as dedicated function rooms at his old college) trashed, but the cult spread among certain segments of society to such an extent that languishing attitudes, "too-too" costumes and [[aestheticism]] generally became a recognised pose.

McCarthy has authored a series of three books about her experience with pregnancy and raising her son, Evan.

Aestheticism in general was caricatured in [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s [[operetta]] ''[[Patience (operetta)|Patience]] ([[1881]])''. Such was the success of "Patience" in New York that [[Richard D'Oyly Carte]] conceived the idea of sending Wilde to America on a lecture tour. This was duly arranged, Wilde arriving in January [[1882]]. Although Wilde later claimed to have told the customs officer "I have nothing to declare except my genius", historians and biographers have concluded that this is an embellishment of Wilde's as there is no contemporary evidence that this occurred.

* ''Belly Laughs: The Naked Truth about Pregnancy and Childbirth''

* ''Baby Laughs: The Naked Truth about the First Year of Mommyhood''

* ''Life Laughs: The Naked Truth about Motherhood, Marriage, and Moving On''.[http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_ss_b/105-8650915-7462816?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=+%22jenny+mccarthy%22+&Go.x=0&Go.y=0&Go=Go]

McCarthy is also an occasional columnist for ''[[FHM]]'' magazine and is currently a spokesperson for [[Weight Watchers]].

=== Personal life ===

Wilde was deeply impressed by the English writers [[John Ruskin]] and [[Walter Pater]], who argued for the central importance of [[art]] in life. He later commented [[irony|ironically]] on this view when he wrote, in ''[[The Picture of Dorian Gray]]'', "All art is quite useless". This quote also reflects Wilde's support of the aesthetic movement's basic principle: [[Art for art's sake]]. This doctrine was coined by the philosopher [[Victor Cousin]], promoted by [[Theophile Gautier]] and brought into prominence by [[James McNeill Whistler]].

In [[1993]], McCarthy underwent [[breast augmentation]] to enhance her look as a model for ''[[Playboy]]''. Borrowing a page from fellow [[Playmate]] [[Pamela Anderson]]'s publicity playbook, McCarthy took them out in 1998.

McCarthy dated her manager Ray Manzella for a short time in 1998. After breaking up with Manzella, McCarthy began dating actor/director [[John Mallory Asher|John Asher]]. The couple got engaged in [[January]] [[1999]], and married that year on [[September 11]]. They have a son, Evan Joseph, born on [[May 18]], [[2002]]. In [[August]] [[2005]], McCarthy and Asher filed for [[divorce]].

The aesthetic movement, represented by the school of [[William Morris]] and [[Dante Gabriel Rossetti]], had a permanent influence on English decorative art. As the leading aesthete, Wilde became one of the most prominent personalities of his day. Though he was ridiculed for them, his [[paradox]]es and witty sayings were quoted on all sides.

In a February [[2006]] interview with [[Howard Stern]], [[pornography|adult]] actress [[Jenna Jameson]] said she had two sexual encounters with McCarthy.<ref>http://www.marksfriggin.com/news06/1-30.htm#wed</ref> When McCarthy visited Stern's show in April 2006, she denied having sex with Jameson, but said she "made out" with her during the two encounters. McCarthy also took a [[polygraph|lie detector]] test and passed the questions regarding Jameson. During the appearance, McCarthy also admitted to having performed [[oral sex]] on women and that she cheated on her ex-husband with both men and women.<ref>http://marksfriggin.com/news06/4-24.htm#tue</ref> However, in a later appearance on ''[[Jimmy Kimmel Live]]'', she claimed they didn't cheat on each other because it was totally agreed upon.

In [[1879]] Wilde started to teach Aesthetic values in [[London]]. In [[1882]] he went on a lecture tour in the [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. He was torn apart by no small number of critics &mdash; ''The Wasp'', a [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] newspaper, published a cartoon ridiculing Wilde and Aestheticism &mdash; but also was surprisingly well-received in such rough-and-tumble settings as the [[mining]] town of [[Leadville, Colorado]]. [http://www.todayinliterature.com/stories.asp?Event_Date=12/24/1881] On his return to the [[United Kingdom]], he worked as a reviewer for the ''[[Pall Mall Gazette]]'' in the years [[1887]]-[[1889]]. Afterwards he became the editor of ''Woman's World''.

In December [[2005]], McCarthy began dating actor [[Jim Carrey]]. They did not make their relationship public until June 2006.

Politically, Wilde endorsed an [[anarchist]]ic brand of [[socialism]], expounding his beliefs in the text "[[The Soul of Man Under Socialism]]".

In May [[2007]], McCarthy announced that her son was diagnosed with autism and would be coming out with a book on the subject shortly. ''Louder Than Words: A Mother's Journey in Healing Autism'' is due out in September of 2007.

=== Literary works ===

[[Image:Beardsley-peacockskirt.PNG|thumb|left|"The Peacock Skirt", illustration by [[Aubrey Beardsley]] for Wilde's play ''[[Salomé]]'']]

She lives in [[Sherman Oaks, California]], next to heiress [[Margo Wilson]]. Her cousin is [[Melissa McCarthy]] of the [[Gilmore Girls]].

He had already published in [[1881]] a selection of his poems, but these attracted admiration in only a limited circle. His most famous fairy tale, ''[[The Happy Prince and Other Tales]]'', appeared in [[1888]], illustrated by [[Walter Crane]] and [[Jacob Hood]]. This volume was followed up later by a second collection of fairy tales, ''[[The House of Pomegranates]]'' ([[1892]]), which the author said was "intended neither for the British child nor the British public." Though his target audience must remain conjectural, his fairy tales have been claimed to "encode the vision of an idealistic [[pederasty|pederast]], a man who loves beautiful youths; the style and content of his fairy tales offer a vision of love and beauty that urges a different aesthetic and moral relationship to the world and experience from other fairy tales for children." The pederastic ethos of the tales is claimed to evolve out of their focus on sensual experience and moral enlightenment. (Naomi Wood, "Creating the Sensual Child: Paterian Aesthetics, Pederasty, and Oscar Wilde's Fairy Tales")

== Appearances in ''Playboy'' special editions ==

His only novel ''[[The Picture of Dorian Gray]]'' was published in [[1891]]. Critics have often claimed that there existed parallels between Wilde's life and that of the book's protagonist, and it was used as evidence against him at his trial. Wilde contributed some feature articles to the art reviews, and in 1891 re-published three of them as a book called ''Intentions''.

* ''Playboy's Playmate Review'' Vol. 10 May 1994 - front & back covers, pages 82-91.

* ''Playboy's Girls of Summer '94'' June 1994.

* ''Playboy's Book of Lingerie'' Vol. 38 July 1994.

* ''Playboy's Playmates at Play'' July 1994 - pages 6-7.

* ''Playboy's Book of Lingerie'' Vol. 39 September 1994 - page 25.

* ''Playboy's Wet & Wild Playmates'' September 1994 - page 73.

* ''Playboy's Book of Lingerie'' Vol. 40 November 1994.

* ''Playboy's Nudes'' November 1994 - cover.

* ''Playboy's Playmates in Bed'' Vol. 1 January 1995.

* ''Playboy's Supermodels'' February 1995.

* ''Playboy's Book of Lingerie'' Vol. 44 July 1995 - cover.

* ''Playboy's Nudes'' October 1995.

* ''Playboy's Winter Girls'' February 1996.

* ''Playboy's Celebrating Centerfolds'' Vol. 1 December 1998 - pages 6-7.

== Filmography ==

His fame as a dramatist began with the production of ''[[Lady Windermere's Fan]]'' in February [[1892]]. This was written at the request of [[George Alexander]], actor-manager of the [[St James's Theatre]] in London. Wilde described it as "one of those modern drawing-room plays with pink lampshades". It was immediately successful, the author making the enormous sum of seven thousand pounds from the original run. (He apparently wore a green carnation for the first time on opening night).

* ''[[Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead]]'' ([[1995]])

* ''[[The Stupids (film)|The Stupids]]'' ([[1996]])

* ''[[BASEketball]]'' ([[1998]])

* ''[[Diamonds (1999 film)|Diamonds]]'' ([[1999]])

* ''[[Python (film)|Python]]'' ([[2000]])

* ''[[Scream 3]]'' ([[2000]])

* ''[[Thank Heaven]]'' ([[2001]])

* ''[[Crazy Little Thing]]'' ([[2002]])

* ''[[Scary Movie 3]]'' ([[2003]])

* ''[[Dirty Love]]'' ([[2005]]) (also producer and writer)

* ''[[John Tucker Must Die]]'' ([[2006]])

* ''[[Wieners (film)|Wieners]]'' ([[2007]])

=== Television work ===

Less successful was ''[[Salomé (play)|Salomé]]'' the same year, refused a licence for English performance by the [[Lord Chamberlain]] because it contained Biblical characters. Wilde was furious, even contemplating (he said) changing his nationality to become a French citizen. The play was published in English, with illustrations by [[Aubrey Beardsley]], in [[1894]]. A French edition had appeared the year before.

* ''[[Singled Out]]'' (host from [[1995]]-[[1997]])

* ''The Jenny McCarthy Show'' (1997-[[1998]])

* ''[[Jenny (TV series)|Jenny]]'' (1997-1998)

* ''[[The Big Breakfast]]'' (1998)

* ''[[Honey Vicarro]]'' ([[2001]]) (unsold pilot)

* ''Untitled Jenny McCarthy Project'' ([[2003]]) (unsold pilot)

* ''[[The Bad Girl's Guide]]'' ([[2005]]) (canceled after 6 episodes)

* ''Party @ the Palms'' ([[2005]]-[[2006]])

* ''[[Hope & Faith]]'' ([[2005]]) as Mandy

* ''[[Santa Baby]]'' ([[2006]])

* ''[[Bo! in the USA]]'' ([[2006]]) as Herself (Guest)

* ''[[The View]]'' ([[2006]]) as Herself (Guest Host)

* "Home Improvement" as Alex the Mechanic

== Pro-wrestling ==

His next comedy was ''[[A Woman of No Importance]]'', produced on 19th April 1893 at the [[Haymarket Theatre]] in London by [[Herbert Beerbohm Tree]]. It repeated the success of ''Lady Windermere's Fan'', consolidating Wilde's reputation as the best writer of "comedy-of-manners" since [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]].

McCarthy made an appearance at the [[World Wrestling Entertainment|World Wrestling Federation's]] [[WrestleMania XI]] on [[April 2]], [[1995]] as a guest valet for [[Shawn Michaels]]. She left after the match with the victor, [[WWE Championship|WWF Heavyweight Champion]] [[Kevin Nash|Diesel]].

== Books ==

A slightly more serious note was struck with ''[[An Ideal Husband]]'', produced by [[Lewis Waller]] at the Haymarket Theatre on [[3 January]], [[1895]]. This contains a political melodrama&mdash;as opposed to the marital melodrama of the earlier comedies&mdash;running alongside the usual Wildean [[epigrams]], [[social commentary]], [[comedy]], and [[romantic love|romance]]. [[George Bernard Shaw]]'s review said that "...Mr Wilde is to me our only serious playwright. He plays with everything: with wit, with philosophy, with drama, with actors, with audience, with the whole theatre..."

* ''Belly Laughs, The Naked Truth about Pregnancy and Childbirth'' (ISBN 978-0-7382-0949-4)

* ''Baby Laughs, The Naked Truth about the First Year of Mommyhood'' (ISBN 978-0-525-94883-4)

* ''Life Laughs, The Naked Truth about Motherhood, Marriage, and Moving On'' (ISBN 978-0-525-94947-3)

== See also ==

Barely a month later, his masterpiece ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]'' appeared at the St James's Theatre. It caused a sensation. Years later, the actor [[Allen Aynesworth]] (playing 'Algy' opposite [[George Alexander]]'s 'Jack') told Wilde's biographer [[Hesketh Pearson]] that "In my fifty-three years of acting, I never remember a greater triumph than the first night of 'The Importance of Being Earnest'."

* [[List of people in Playboy 1990-1999]]

== Footnotes ==

Unlike the three previous comedies, ''Earnest'' is free of any melodrama, or even of any plot worth speaking about. It is in a class of its own in the whole of English drama as a piece of pure, delightful nonsense. (At least two versions of the play are in existence. Wilde originally wrote it in four acts, but George Alexander asked him to cut it down to three for the original production).

<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

== External links ==

In between ''An Ideal Husband'' and ''The Importance of Being Earnest'', Wilde wrote at least the scenario for a play concerning an adulterous affair. He never developed it, the Queensberry affair and his own trial intervening. Frank Harris eventually wrote a version called ''Mr and Mrs Daventry''.

* {{playmate|1993|10}}

* {{ymovies name|1800020490}}

* {{imdb name|0000189|Jenny McCarthy}}

*{{tvtome person|id=26294|name=Jenny McCarthy}}

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Wilde wrote another little-known play (in the form of a pantomime) for a friend of his, Chan Toon, which was called ''[[For Love of the King]]''. The 1894 play also went under the name ''[[A Burmese Masque]]''. It has never been widely circulated. One copy, held in the [[University of Leeds#Facilities|Leeds University Library]]'s Fay and Geoffrey Elliott Collection is marked: "This is a spurious work attributed to Wilde without authority by a Mrs. Chan Toon, who was sent to prison for stealing money from her landlady. A.J.A. Symons." (15, ''[http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/spcoll/handlists/148Elliott.pdf Handlist 148]'', [http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/spcoll/listndex.htm Leeds handlists index])

{{succession box|before=[[Ronan Keating]]| title=[[MTV Europe Music Awards]] host| years=1998| after=Ronan Keating}}

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{{Playmates of 1993}}

=== Wilde's sexuality ===

{{PMOYs}}

[[Image:Robert Ross at 24.jpg|thumb|right|Robert Ross at twenty-four]]

Wilde's [[sexual orientation]] has variously been considered [[bisexuality|bisexual]], [[homosexuality|gay]], or [[pederasty|pederastic]] depending on how the terms are defined. His inclination towards relations with younger men was relatively well-known, and biographers have often recorded [[Robert Baldwin Ross|Robert Ross]] (who would be his literary [[executor]]) as Wilde's first such lover. Ross, a boy of seventeen when Wilde met him, was already aware of Wilde's poems and indeed had been beaten for reading them. By Richard Ellman's account, Ross, "...so young and yet so knowing, was determined to seduce [Wilde]." Later, Ross boasted to [[Lord Alfred Douglas]] that he was "the first boy Oscar ever had" and there seems to have been much jealousy between them. However, Neil McKenna's more recent biography, ''The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde'' (2003), demonstrates convincingly that Wilde was aware of his homosexuality from the moment of his first kiss with another boy at age 16, and had in fact lived with male lover Frank Miles (two years his senior) for several years before his marriage in 1884.

{{DEFAULTSORT:McCarthy, Jenny}}

By the late 1870s, Wilde was already preoccupied with the philosophy of same-sex love, and had befriended several homosexual writers and law reformers. Wilde was infuenced by the writings of gay-rights pioneer [[Karl-Heinrich Ulrichs]] and joined a secret organisation called the "Order of Chaeronea", referring in letters to the campaign for legalization of homosexuality as "the Cause". Wilde also met [[Walt Whitman]] in America in 1881, writing to a friend that there was "no doubt" about the great American poet's sexual orientation — "I have the kiss of Walt Whitman still on my lips," he boasted.

[[Category:1972 births]]

[[Category:American adult models]]

[[Category:American comedians]]

[[Category:American film actors]]

[[Category:American game show hosts]]

[[Category:American memoirists]]

[[Category:American models]]

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[[Category:American television actors]]

[[Category:Actors from Chicago]]

[[Category:Bisexual American actors]]

[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:Playboy Playmates from 1990-1999]]

[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets]]

[[Category:Worst Actress Razzie]]

[[de:Jenny McCarthy]]

In his public writings, Wilde's first celebration of sex between men and boys can be found in ''The Portrait of Mr. W. H.'' ([[1889]]), in which he propounds a theory that Shakespeare's sonnets were written out of the poet's love of young male Elizabethan actor "Willie Hughes".

[[fr:Jenny McCarthy]]

[[it:Jenny McCarthy]]

A gay novel [[Teleny or The Reverse of the Medal]] attributed to Oscar Wilde, was clandestinely published in London in 1893. The novel was probably a combined effort by a number of Wilde's friends and Wilde then corrected the manuscript.

[[he:ג'ני מקארתי]]

[[nl:Jenny McCarthy]]

=== The Queensberry scandal ===

[[ja:ジェニー・マッカーシー]]

[[Image:Homosexualitywilde.jpg|thumb|left|Oscar Wilde and [[Lord Alfred Douglas]].]]

[[no:Jenny McCarthy]]

In 1891, Wilde became intimate with Lord Alfred Douglas, who went by the nickname "Bosie". Bosie's father, [[John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry]], became increasingly enraged at his son's involvement with Wilde. He confronted the two publicly several times, and although each time Wilde was able to mollify the elder Douglas, eventually the Marquess threw down the gauntlet. He planned to interrupt the opening night of ''The Importance of Being Earnest'' with an insulting delivery of vegetables, but somebody tipped Wilde off and the Marquess was barred from entering the theatre.

[[pl:Jenny McCarthy]]

[[sv:Jenny McCarthy]]

On [[February 18]], [[1895]], the Marquess left a calling card at one of Wilde's clubs, the Albemarle. On the back of the card he wrote "For Oscar Wilde posing as a [[Somdomite]]" (the final word being a misspelling of '[[sodomite]]').

Although Wilde's friends advised him to ignore the insult, Lord Alfred later admitted that he egged Wilde on to charge Queensberry with criminal [[libel]]. Queensberry was arrested, and in April 1895, the Crown took over the prosecution of the libel case against the Marquess. The trial lasted three days. The prosecuting counsel, Edward Clarke, was unaware that Wilde had had liaisons and romantic relationships with other men. Clarke asked Wilde directly whether there was any substance to Queensberry's accusations and Wilde denied that there was. [[Edward Carson]], the barrister who defended Queensberry, hired investigators who were able to locate a number of men with whom Wilde had been involved, either socially or sexually.

Wilde put on a tremendous display of drama in the first day of the trial, parrying Carson's cross-examination on the morals of his published works with witticisms and sarcasm, often breaking the courtroom up with laughter. For instance, asked whether he had ever adored any man younger than himself, Wilde replied, "I have never given adoration to anybody except myself." However, on the second day Carson's cross-examination was much more damaging; Wilde later admitted to perjuring himself by some of his answers. On the third day, Clarke recommended that Wilde withdraw the prosecution, and the case was dismissed.

The authorities were unwilling to let matters rest. Based on the evidence acquired by Queensberry and Carson, Wilde was arrested on [[April 6]] [[1895]], in room no. 118 at the [[Cadogan Hotel]], London, and charged with "committing acts of [[sodomy law|gross indecency]] with other male persons" under Section 11 of the 1885 [[Criminal Law Amendment Act]], this being little more than a [[euphemism]] for any sex between males. Clarke offered to defend him for nothing at his upcoming trial.

=== Trial and imprisonment in Reading Gaol===

At his own trial Wilde dropped any semblance of subterfuge and delivered an impassioned defense of male love in answer to the cross examination by Mr. C. F. Gill:

:Gill: What is "the love that dares not speak its name?"

:Wilde: "The love that dares not speak its name" in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between [[David and Jonathan]], such as [[Plato]] made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of [[Michelangelo]] and [[Shakespeare]]. It is that deep spiritual affection that is as pure as it is perfect. It dictates and pervades great works of art, like those of Shakespeare and Michelangelo, and those two letters of mine, such as they are. It is in this century misunderstood, so much misunderstood that it may be described as "The love that dares not speak its name," and on that account of it I am placed where I am now. It is beautiful, it is fine, it is the noblest form of affection. There is nothing unnatural about it. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an older and a younger man, when the older man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him. That it should be so, the world does not understand. The world mocks at it, and sometimes puts one in the [[pillory]] for it.

Wilde was convicted on [[May 25]], [[1895]] of gross indecency and sentenced to serve two years hard labour. He was imprisoned first at [[Pentonville (HM Prison)|Pentonville]] and then at [[Wandsworth (HM Prison)|Wandsworth]] prison in [[London]], and finally transferred in November to the [[Reading (HM Prison)|prison]] in the town of [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], some 30 miles west of London. Wilde knew the town from happier times when boating on the [[River Thames|Thames]] and also from visits to the Palmer family, including a tour of the famous [[Huntley & Palmers]] biscuit factory quite close to the prison.

Now known as prisoner C. 3.3, at first he was not even allowed paper and pen to write, but a later governor was more friendly. Thus during his time in prison, Wilde wrote a 50,000 word letter to Douglas, which he was not allowed to send while still a prisoner, but which he was allowed to take with him at the end of his sentence. On his release he gave the manuscript to Ross, who may or may not have carried out Wilde's instructions to send a copy to Douglas who, in turn, denied having received it. Ross published a much expurgated version of the letter (about 30% only) in [[1905]] (4 years after Wilde's death) with the title ''[[De Profundis]]'', expanded it slightly for an edition of Wilde's collected works in [[1908]] and then donated it to the [[British Museum]] on the understanding that it would not be made public until [[1960]]. In [[1949]] Wilde's son [[Vyvyan Holland]] published it again, including parts formerly omitted, but relying on a faulty typescript bequeathed to him by Ross. Its first complete and correct publication did not take place until [[1962]] in ''The Letters of Oscar Wilde''.

The manuscripts of ''[[A Florentine Tragedy]]'' and an essay on [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s sonnets were stolen from his house in [[1895]]. In [[1904]] a five-act tragedy, ''[[The Duchess of Padua]]'', written by Wilde about [[1883]] for [[Mary Anderson]], but not acted by her, was published in a German translation (''Die Herzogin von Padua'', translated by [[Max Meyerfeld]]) in Berlin.

=== After his release ===

[[Image:Perelachaise-Wilde-p1000393.jpg|thumb|Wilde's tomb, sculpted by [[Jacob Epstein (sculptor)|Sir Jacob Epstein]], in Le Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris]]Prison was unkind to Wilde's health and when he was released on [[May 19]], [[1897]] he spent his last three years penniless, in self-imposed exile from society and artistic circles. He went under the assumed name of 'Sebastian Melmoth', after the central character of the [[gothic novel]] ''[[Melmoth the Wanderer]]''. After his release, he wrote the famous poem ''[[The Ballad of Reading Gaol]]''.

On his deathbed he converted to the [[Roman Catholic]] church, which he had long admired. He spent his last days in the Hôtel d'Alsace in Paris (now known as [[L'Hôtel]]). Just a month before his death he is quoted as saying, "My wallpaper and I are fighting a duel to the death. One or other of us has got to go."

Wilde died of cerebral [[meningitis]] on [[November 30]], [[1900]]. Different opinions are given on the cause of the meningitis; Richard Ellmann claimed it was [[syphilis|syphilitic]]; [[Merlin Holland]], Wilde's grandson, thought this to be a misconception, noting that Wilde's meningitis followed a surgical intervention, perhaps a [[mastoidectomy]]; Wilde's physicians, Dr. Paul Cleiss and A'Court Tucker reported that the condition stemmed from an old suppuration of the right ear (''une ancienne suppuration de l'oreille droite d'ailleurs en traitement depuis plusieurs années'') and do not allude to syphilis. Most modern scholars and doctors agree that syphilis was unlikely to have been the cause of his death. Wilde was buried in the [[Cimetière de Bagneux]] outside Paris but was later moved to [[Père Lachaise|Le Père Lachaise Cemetery]] in [[Paris]]. His tomb in the Père Lachaise was designed by the [[sculpture|sculptor]] Sir [[Jacob Epstein]], at the request of Robert Ross, who also asked for a small compartment to be made for his own ashes. Ross's ashes were later transferred to the tomb in 1950. The numerous spots on it are actually lipstick traces from admirers. Recently, a plaque asking visitors not to desecrate the tomb and a metal fence had to be put around the grave due to the admirers' enthusiasm.

== Biographies ==

*After Wilde's death, his friend [[Frank Harris]] wrote a biography, ''Oscar Wilde: His Life and Confessions''. This is generally regarded as being very unreliable, although entertaining. Of his other close friends, [[Robert Sherard]], Robert Ross, [[Charles Ricketts]], and Lord Alfred Douglas variously published biographies, reminiscences or correspondence.

*An account of the argument between [[Frank Harris]], Lord Alfred Douglas and Oscar Wilde as to the advisability of Wilde's prosecuting Queensberry can be found in the preface to George Bernard Shaw's play ''[[The Dark Lady of the Sonnets]]''.

*In [[1946]], Hesketh Pearson published ''The Life of Oscar Wilde'' (Methuen), containing materials derived from conversations with Bernard Shaw, George Alexander, Herbert Beerbohm Tree and many others who had known or worked with Wilde. This is a lively read, although inevitably somewhat dated as to overall approach. It gives a particularly vivid impression of what Wilde's conversation must have been like.

*In [[1954]] Vyvyan Holland published his memoir ''Son of Oscar Wilde''. It was revised and updated by Merlin Holland in [[1999]].

*In [[1975]] H. Montgomery Hyde published ''Oscar Wilde: A Biography''.

*In [[1983]] [[Peter Ackroyd]] published ''The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde''.

*In [[1987]] Richard Ellmann published ''Oscar Wilde'', a very minute biography.

*In [[1997]] [[Merlin Holland]] published a book entitled ''The Wilde Album''. This rather small volume seems to contain at least twice its size worth of pictures and other Wilde memorabilia, much of which had not been published before. It includes 27 pictures taken by the portrait photographer [[Napoleon Sarony]], one of which graces the beginning of this article.

*[[1999]] saw the publication of ''Oscar Wilde on Stage and Screen'' written by [[Robert Tanitch]]. This book is a comprehensive record of Oscar's life and work as presented on stage and screen from [[1880]] until 1999. It includes cast lists and snippets of reviews.

*[[2003]] saw the publication of the first complete account of Wilde's sexual and emotional life in ''The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde'' by [[Neil McKenna]] (published by Century/Random House).

*[[2005]] saw the publication of ''The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde'', by literary biographer [[Joseph Pearce]]. It explores the Catholic sensibility in his art, his interior suffering and dissatisfaction, and his lifelong fascination with the Catholic Church which led to his deathbed conversion.

*A multiple-issue 'chapter' of [[Dave Sim]]'s [[comic book]] ''[[Cerebus the Aardvark]]'', entitled ''Melmoth'', (later collected as a single volume under that title) retells the story of Wilde's final months with the names and places slightly altered to fit the world of the ''Cerebus'' storyline, while Cerebus himself spends most of the chapter as a passive observer.

== Biographical films, television series and stage plays ==

*Two films of his life were released in [[1960]]. The first to make it to the theaters was ''[[Oscar Wilde (film)|Oscar Wilde]]'' starring [[Robert Morley]]. Then came ''[[The Trials of Oscar Wilde(film)|The Trials of Oscar Wilde]]'' starring [[Peter Finch]]. At the time homosexuality was still punishable by a jail sentence in the UK and both films were rather cagey in touching on the subject without being explicit about it.

*In 1960, Irish actor [[Micheal Mac Liammoir]] began performing a one-man show called "[[The Importance of Being Oscar(play)|The Importance of Being Oscar]]." The show was heavily influenced by [[Bertolt Brecht|Brecht]]ian theory and contained many poems and samples of Wilde's writing throughout. The play was a success and Mac Liammoir toured it with success everywhere he went. It was eventually published in 1963.

*In the summer of 1977 [[Vincent Price]] began performing in the one man play ''[[Diversions and Delights]]''. Written by [[John Gay (born 1924)|John Gay]] and directed by [[Joe Hardy]] the premise of the play is that an aging Oscar Wilde, to earn some much needed money, gave a lecture on his life in a Parisian Theater on [[November 28]], 1899 (just a year before his death). The play was a success everywhere it was performed, except for its New York City run. It was revived in [[1990]] in [[London]] with [[Donald Sinden]] in the role.

*In [[1978]] [[London Weekend Television]] produced a television series about the life of [[Lillie Langtry]] entitled ''[[Lillie(miniseries)|Lillie]]''. In it [[Peter Egan]] played Oscar. The bulk of his scenes portrayed their close friendship up to and including their tours of America in 1882. Thereafter, he was in a few more scenes leading up to his trials in 1895.

*[[Michael Gambon]] portrayed Wilde on British Television in [[1983]] in the three part BBC series ''[[Oscar(miniseries)|Oscar]]'' concentrating on the trial and following prison term.

*[[1988]] saw [[Nickolas Grace]] playing Wilde in [[Ken Russell]]'s film ''[[Salome's Last Dance(film)|Salome's Last Dance]].''

*In 1989 [[Terry Eagleton]] premiered his play "[[St. Oscar(play)|St. Oscar]]." Eagleton admits that only one line in the entire play is taken directly from Wilde, while the rest of the dialogue is his own fancy. The play is also influenced by [[Bertolt Brecht|Brecht]]ian theory.

*A fuller look at his life, without any of the restrictions of the 1960 films, is ''[[Wilde (movie)|Wilde]]'' ([[1997]]) starring [[Stephen Fry]]. Fry (an acknowledged Wilde scholar) also appeared as Wilde in 1993 in the short-lived American television series "Ned Blessing."

*[[Moises Kaufman]]'s 1997 play "[[Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde(play)|Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde]]" uses real quotes and transcripts of Wilde's three trials.

*Wilde appears as a supporting character in [[Tom Stoppard]]'s 1997 play ''[[The Invention of Love]]'' and is referenced extensively in Stoppard's 1974 play ''[[Travesties]]''.

*[[David Hare]]'s 1998 play "[[The Judas Kiss(play)|The Judas Kiss]]" portrays Wilde as a manly homosexual Christ figure.

*The main character in the [[Lynn Ahrens]] and [[Stephen Flaherty]] musical ''[[A Man of No Importance]]'' identifies himself with Oscar Wilde, and Wilde appears to him several times.

*''Oscar'': In October [[2004]], a stage musical by [[Mike Read]] about Oscar Wilde closed after just one night at the Shaw Theatre in Euston after a severe critical mauling.

==Oscar Wilde in modern culture==

[[Todd Haynes]]' 1998 film [[Velvet Goldmine]] contains many references to Oscar Wilde, and features British child actor [[Luke Morgan Oliver]] playing a young Wilde, who, in the film's introduction, anachronistically claims that he wishes to be a 'pop idol.'

== Bibliography ==

'''Poetry'''

*''[[Poems (Oscar Wilde)|Poems]]'' (1881)

*''[[The Ballad of Reading Gaol]]'' (1898)

'''Plays'''

* ''[[Vera; or, The Nihilists]]'' (1880)

* ''[[The Duchess of Padua]]'' (1883)

* ''[[Salomé (play)|Salomé]]'' (French version) (1893, first performed in Paris 1896)

* ''[[Lady Windermere's Fan]]'' (1892)

* ''[[A Woman of No Importance]]'' (1893)

* ''[[Salomé (play)|Salomé]]: A Tragedy in One Act: Translated from the French of Oscar Wilde by [[Lord Alfred Douglas]] with illustrations by [[Aubrey Beardsley]]'' (1894)

* ''[[An Ideal Husband]]'' (1895) [http://wikisource.org/wiki/An_Ideal_Husband]

* ''[[The Importance of Being Earnest]]'' (1895) [http://wikisource.org/wiki/The_Importance_of_Being_Earnest]

* ''[[La Sainte Courtisane]]'' and ''[[A Florentine Tragedy]]'' first published 1908 in Methuen's ''Collected Works''

(Dates are dates of first performance, which approximate far better with the probable date of composition than dates of first publication.)

'''Prose'''

* ''[[The Canterville Ghost]]'' (1887)

* ''[[The Happy Prince and Other Stories]]'' (1888) [http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/etext97/hpaot10h.htm]

* ''[[The Portrait of Mr. W. H.]]'' (1889)

* ''[[Lord Arthur Saville&#8217;s Crime and other Stories]]'' (1891)

* ''[[Intentions]]'' (1891)

* ''[[The Picture of Dorian Gray]]'' (1891)

* ''[[House of Pomegranates]]'' (1891)

* "[[The Soul of Man Under Socialism]]" (First published in the'' Pall Mall Gazette'', 1891, first book publication 1904)

* ''[[De Profundis]]'' (1905)

* ''[[The Letters of Oscar Wilde]]'' (1960) This was rereleased in [[2000]], with letters uncovered since 1960, and new, detailed, footnotes by Merlin Holland.

* ''[[Teleny or The Reverse of the Medal]]'' (Paris,1893)

==References==

<div style="font-size: 90%">

'''Print'''

*[[Richard Ellmann|Ellmann]], Richard. ''Oscar Wilde''. (Vintage, 1988) ISBN 0521479878

*Igoe, Vivien. ''A Literary Guide to Dublin''. (Methuen, 1994) ISBN 0-4136912-0-9

*Raby, Peter (ed.). ''The Cambridge Companion to Oscar Wilde''. (CUP, 1997) ISBN 0521479878

*Wilde, Oscar. ''The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde''. (Collins, 2003) ISBN 0007144369

'''Online'''

*[http://Wilde.thefreelibrary.com/ Oscar Wilde's brief biography and works]

*[http://oscarwilde.projectx2002.org Dissertation about the relationship between "The Picture of Dorian Gray" and Postmodernism]

*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/top10s/top10/0,6109,950928,00.html 10 most popular misconceptions about Oscar Wilde]

*King, Steve. [http://www.todayinliterature.com/stories.asp?Event_Date=12/24/1881 "Wilde in America"] from Today in Literature, captured November 12, 2004.

</div>

==See also==

*[[Individualist anarchism]]

*[[Historical pederastic couples]]

*[[List of people on stamps of Ireland]]

*[[William Andrews Clark Memorial Library]]

==External links==

{{Wikisource author}}

{{wikiquote}}

*[http://home.arcor.de/oscar.wilde/start.htm Oscar Wilde &ndash; Standing Ovations], a variety of resources including full texts.

*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Oscar_Wilde/ Quotations by Oscar Wilde]

*[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/wilde/wilde.htm Transcript of Oscar Wilde's trials]

*[http://www.tartu.ee/?page_id=898&lang_id=2&plugin_pic_id=170 Statue of Oscar Wilde and Eduard Vilde] in [[Tartu]] (second largest city in [[Estonia]])

*[http://users.pandora.be/moonen/wilde/ Mr. O.W. &ndash; Oscar Wilde]

*[http://www.humnet.ucla.edu/humnet/clarklib/ William Andrews Clark Memorial Library], home to the most comprehensive Oscar Wilde collection in the world.

*[http://www.shvoong.com/books/117002-picture-dorian-gray/ a summary of his only novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray"]

*[http://www.irishabroad.com/Culture/literature/writers/wilde.asp Oscar Wilde 1854-1900"]

*[http://www.irishabroad.com/culture/famousquotes/oscar_wilde.asp Oscar Wilde Quotes"]

'''Online texts:'''

*[http://www.ucc.ie/celt/et19wilde.html Collected Works]

*[http://www.oscarwildecollection.com The Oscar Wilde Collection]

*[http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?amode=start&author=Wilde%2c%20Oscar Online Books by Oscar Wilde]

*:{{cite web | title=Vera; or, the Nihilists | work=The Modern Woman's Guide To Oscar Wilde | url=http://users.pandora.be/moonen/wilde/woman2.html | accessdate=December 11 | accessyear=2005}}

*[http://poetry.poetryx.com/poets/131/ Selected Oscar Wilde Poems]

*[http://libcom.org/library/soul-of-man-under-socialism-oscar-wilde The Soul of Man Under Socialism]

*[http://literalsystems.org/abooks/doku.php?id=audiobook:the_happy_prince "The Happy Prince" Creative Commons audio recording.]

* {{gutenberg author| id=Oscar+Wilde | name=Oscar Wilde}}

* [http://librivox.org/the-happy-prince-and-other-tales-by-oscar-wilde/ Free audiobook] of ''[[The Happy Prince and Other Tales]]'' from [http://librivox.org LibriVox]

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