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*[[List of Ancien Régime dioceses of France]]
{{Politics of India}}
*[[List of French dioceses in the 19th and 20th century]]
The '''Lok Sabha''' ({{lang-hi|लोक सभा}}; meaning "House of the People") is the lower house in the [[Parliament of India]]. Members of the Lok Sabha are direct representatives of the people of India, having been [[direct election|directly elected]] by the electorate consisting of all eligible adult citizens of India. Its maximum size as outlined in the [[Constitution of India]] is 552 members, made up of up to 530 members representing people from the [[states of India]], up to 20 members representing people from the [[Union territories of India|Union Territories]], and two members appointed by the [[President of India]] to represent the [[Anglo-Indian]] community if he or she finds that community to not have adequate representation in the House. Some seats are reserved for scheduled caste and tribes.
*[[List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of France]] (2002)
*[[:Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in France]]
* [[bishop of Agde]] - [[bishopric of Agde]] - [[diocese of Agde]] - [[see of Agde]]
Each Lok Sabha is formed for a five year term, after which it is automatically dissolved, unless extended by a ''[[State of Emergency in India|Proclamation of Emergency]]'' which may extend the term in one year increments. The [[Indian general elections, 2004|Fourteenth Lok Sabha]] was formed in [[May 2004]].
* [[bishop of Agen]] - [[bishopric of Agen]] - [[diocese of Agen]] - [[see of Agen]]
* [[archbishop of Aix-en-Provence]] - [[archdiocese of Aix]] - [[bishop of Aix-en-Provence]] - [[bishop of Aix]] - [[bishopric of Aix]]
*[[diocese of Aix, Arles and Embrun]] - [[archdiocese of Aix, Arles and Embrun]]
* [[bishop of Ajaccio]] - [[bishopric of Ajaccio]] - [[diocese of Ajaccio]]
* [[archbishop of Albi]] - [[bishop of Albi]] - [[bishopric of Albi]] - [[diocese of Albi]] - [[archdiocese of Albi]] - [[see of Albi]] - [[metropolitan see of Albi]]
* [[bishop of Amiens]] - [[bishopric of Amiens]] - [[diocese of Amiens]] redirects - [[see of Amiens]]
* [[bishop of Angers]] - [[bishopric of Angers]] - [[diocese of Angers]] - [[see of Angers]]
* [[bishop of Angoulême]] - [[bishopric of Angoulême]] - [[diocese of Angoulême]] - [[see of Angoulême]]
* [[bishop of Annecy]] - [[bishopric of Annecy]] - [[diocese of Annecy]] - [[see of Annecy]]
* [[bishop of Apt]], [[diocese of Apt]] redirect; [[bishopric of Apt]], [[see of Apt]]
* [[bishop of Arras]] redirects - [[bishopric of Arras]] - [[diocese of Arras]] - [[see of Arras]]
* [[archbishop of Arles]] - [[bishop of Arles]] - [[bishopric of Arles]] - [[archbishopric of Arles]] - [[diocese of Arles]] - [[archdiocese of Arles]] - [[see of Arles]] - [[Metropolitan See of Arles]] - [[metropolitan see of Arles]]
* [[archbishop of Auch]] - [[bishop of Auch]] - [[bishopric of Auch]] - [[diocese of Auch]] - [[see of Auch]]
* [[bishop of Autun]] - [[bishopric of Autun]] - [[diocese of Autun]] - [[see of Autun]]
* [[bishop of Auxerre]] - [[bishopric of Auxerre]] - [[diocese of Auxerre]] - [[see of Auxerre]]
* [[bishop of Avignon]] redirects - [[archdiocese of Avignon]] - [[archbishop of Avignon]] - [[Archbishopric of Avignon]] - [[see of Avignon]]
* [[bishop of Bayeux]]
* [[bishop of Bazas]]
* [[bishop of Beauvais]] - [[bishop of Beauvais-Noyons-Senlis]]
* [[bishop of Belley]] - [[diocese of Belley-Ars]]
* [[bishop of Besançon]]
* [[diocese of Bethléem]]
* [[bishop of Béziers]]
* [[archbishop of Bordeaux]] - [[archdiocese of Bordeaux]]
* [[bishop of Boulougne]]
* [[archbishop of Bourges]]
* [[bishop of Cambrai]] - [[archdiocese of Cambrai]] - [[Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cambrai]]
* [[bishop of Carcassonne]]
* [[bishop of Carpentras]]
* [[bishop of Castres]]
* [[bishop of Cavaillon]]
* [[bishop of Châlons-en-Champagne]] - [[bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne]]
* [[bishop of Chalon-sur-Saône]]
* [[archdiocese of Chambéry, Maurienne and Tarentaise]]
* [[bishop of Chambéry]] - [[archbishop of Chambéry]]
* [[bishop of Clermont]]
* [[diocese of Condom]]
* [[bishop of Coutances]]
* [[bishop of Dax]]
* [[bishop of Die]]
* [[diocese of Digne]] redirects
* [[diocese of Digne, Riez and Sisteron]]
* [[bishop of Dijon]] - [[Metropolitan Archdiocese of Dijon]]
* [[archdiocese of Embrun]] redirects
* [[bishop of Évreux]]
* [[diocese of Fréjus-Toulon]] - [[diocese of Fréjus]]
* [[diocese of Gap]]
* [[diocese of Glandèves]]
* [[bishop of Grenoble]]
* [[diocese of La Rochelle]]
* [[diocese of La Rochelle and Saintes]]
* [[bishop of Langres]]
* [[bishop of Laon]]
* [[bishop of Laval]]
* [[bishop of Lavaur]]
* [[bishop of Le Mans]]
* [[bishop of Léon]]?
* [[bishop of Lille]]
* [[bishopric of Limoges]]
* [[bishop of Lodève]] redirects
* [[bishop of Lourdes]]
* [[diocese of Luçon]]
* [[archbishop of Lyon]] - [[Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lyon and Vienne]]
* [[bishop of Mâcon]] - [[Ancient Diocese of Mâcon]]
* [[archbishop of Marseille]] - [[archdiocese of Marseille]] - [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Marseille]] - [[Metropolitan Archdiocese of Marseille]] - [[Archdiocese of Marseilles]] - [[Metropolitan Archbishop of Marseille]]
* [[bishop of Mende]]
* [[bishop of Metz]]
* [[Archdiocese of Montpellier]] - [[bishop of Maguelone]]
* [[bishoop of Nantes]]
* [[bishop of Narbonne]]
* [[bishop of Nevers]]
* [[bishopric of Nice]] - [[diocese of Nice]]
* [[bishop of Nîmes]]
* [[bishop of Noyon]]
* [[bishop of Orange]] - [[diocese of Orange]] redirects
* [[bishop of Orléans]]
* [[diocese of Périgueux]]
* [[bishop of Poitiers]] - [[diocese of Poitiers]] - [[Metropolitan Archdiocese of Poitiers]]
* [[archbishop of Reims]] - [[archdiocese of Reims]]
* [[archbishop of Rennes]]
* [[diocese of Riez]]
* [[bishop of Rouen]]
* [[bishop of Saint-Claude]]
* [[bishop of Saint-Étienne]]
* [[bishop of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne]]
* [[bishop of Saint-Omer]]
* [[bishop of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux]]
* [[diocese of Saintes]]
* [[bishop of Sarlat]] - [[diocese of Sarlat]]
* [[diocese of Senez]]
* [[bishop of Senlis]]
* [[archbishop of Sens]]
* [[archdiocese of Sens and Auxerre]]
* [[diocese of Sisteron]]
* [[bishop of Soissons]]
* [[Archbishopric of Strasbourg]]
* [[archdiocese of Tarentaise]]
* [[bishop of Thérouanne]]
* [[bishop of Trabes]]
* [[bishop of Troyes]]
* [[bishop of Toulon]]
* [[bishop of Toulouse]]
* [[bishop of Tournai]]
* [[archbishop of Tours]]
* [[bishop of Tulle]]
* [[bishop of Vaison]]
* [[bishop of Valence]] - [[diocese of Valence]]
* [[bishop of Vence]]
* [[bishop of Viviers]] - [[bishopric of Viviers]]
* [[bishop of the French]]
The longest serving Lok Sabha member was Shri Ashoke Kumar Sen, a minister who served with many prime ministers including [[Nehru]] and [[Indira_Gandhi|Indira Gandhi]]. He won the seat a record 8 times.
* [[diocese of Gaul]]
* [[primate of the Gauls and Germania]]
An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha consistencies' boundaries is being carried out by the [[Election Commission of India]] based on the [[Demographics_of_India#Census|Indian census]] of [[2001]]. This exercise which was supposed to be carried out after every census was suspended in [[1976]] following a [[Constitution_of_India#Amendments|constitutional amendment]] to avoid adverse effects of the family planning program which was being implemented.<ref>http://www.eci.gov.in/ElectoralSystem/electoral_system.asp</ref>
==Qualifications required to become a member==
To become a member of the Lok Sabha, a person must definitely be a [[citizen]] of [[Jebus]], not less than 25 years of age. He/she should be mentally sound and should not be [[bankrupt]]. He/she should also state an [[affidavit]] that there are no [[criminal procedure]]s against him/her. '''For reserved seats one should be member of scheduled caste or/and tribes.'''
Eratoc is a member of Lok Sabha, hes penis has an extremely length of 40cm.
He is an real respected member and is also a member of Ku Klux Iggesund.
Eratoc was later looked down upon after the discovery of his candle fetish, but elite member "Tagnuta Singh" gave an inspiring speech about how humans should be able to engage in whatever they feel "normal", he was hung for his statements 30 years later.
==Important Members of the Fourteenth Lok Sabha==
* '''Speaker:''' [[Somnath Chatterjee]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], [[Bolpur]], [[West Bengal]]
* '''Deputy Speaker:''' [[Charanjit Singh Atwal]], [[Shiromani Akali Dal]], [[Phillaur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
* '''Leader of the House:''' [[Pranab Mukherjee]], [[Indian National Congress]], [[Jangipur]], [[West Bengal]]
* '''Leader of the Opposition:''' [[Lal Krishna Advani]], [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Gandhinagar]], [[Gujarat]]
*'''Secretary General:''' [[P.D.T. Achraya]]
==Composition of Lok Sabha==
The members of the Lok Sabha elect a [[Speaker of Lok Sabha]] who is responsible for the conduct of business of the body, and a Deputy Speaker to preside over the proceedings in the absence of the [[Speaker of Lok Sabha|Speaker]].
The membership of Lok Sabha is distributed among the states and union territories so as to ensure proper representation of the population of the states and union territories. The current allocation of membership is as follows: (545 members: [[List of Constituencies of the Lok Sabha|543 elected]] + 2 nominated)
{| class = "wikitable"
|-
! No. || State || No. of members
|-
|1 || [[Andhra Pradesh]] || 42
|-
|2 || [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || 2
|-
|3 || [[Assam]] || 14
|-
|4 || [[Bihar]] || 40
|-
|5 || [[Chhatisgarh]] || 11
|-
|6 || [[Goa]] || 2
|-
|7 || [[Gujarat]] || 26
|-
|8 || [[Haryana]] || 10
|-
|9 || [[Himachal Pradesh]] || 4
|-
|10 || [[Jammu and Kashmir]] || 6
|-
|11 || [[Jharkand]] || 14
|-
|12 || [[Karnataka]] || 28
|-
|13 || [[Kerala]] || 20
|-
|14 || [[Madhya Pradesh]] || 29
|-
|15 || [[Maharashtra]] || 48
|-
|16 || [[Manipur]] || 2
|-
|17 || [[Meghalaya]] || 2
|-
|18 || [[Mizoram]] || 1
|-
|19 || [[Nagaland]] || 1
|-
|20 || [[Orissa]] || 21
|-
|21 || [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] || 13
|-
|22 || [[Rajasthan]] || 25
|-
|23 || [[Sikkim]] || 1
|-
|24 || [[Tamil Nadu]] || 39
|-
|25 || [[Tripura]] || 2
|-
|26 || [[Uttar Pradesh]] || 80
|-
|27 || [[Uttaranchal]] || 5
|-
|28 || [[West Bengal]] || 42
|-
|}
'''Union Territories'''
{| class = "wikitable"
! No. || Union Territory || No. of members
|-
|1 || [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] || 1
|-
|2 || [[Chandigarh]] || 1
|-
|3 || [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]] || 1
|-
|4 || [[Daman and Diu]] || 1
|-
|5 || [[Delhi]] || 7
|-
|6 || [[Lakshadweep]] || 1
|-
|7 || [[Pondicherry]] || 1
|}
'''Nominated Members'''
# [[Anglo-Indians]] - 2
'''Total members''' - 545
On normal business days, the Lok Sabha assembles from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and again from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. The first hour of every sitting is called the ''[[Question Hour]]'', during which questions posed by members may be assigned to specific [[Government of India|government ministries]], to be answered at a fixed date in the future.
The Lok Sabha shares legislative power with the [[Rajya Sabha]], except in the area of Money Bills, in which case the Lok Sabha has the ultimate authority. If conflicting [[legislation]] is enacted by the two Houses, a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the [[Rajya Sabha]].
==Powers, including the Special powers of the Lok Sabha==
The special powers of the Lok Sabha is the reason why the Lok Sabha is ''[[de facto]]'' and ''[[de jure]]'' more powerful than the [[Rajya Sabha]].
#A [[motion of no confidence]] against the [[Government of India|government]] may be introduced and passed only in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and his council of Ministers shall collectively resign. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion, and hence no real power over the executive. However, the Prime Minister may threaten (sic) the dissolution of the Lok Sabha and recommend this to the President, forcing another untimely General Election. The President normally accepts this recommendation unless he is otherwise convinced that the Lok Sabha might recommend a new Prime Minister by a majority vote. Thus ''[[de facto]]'', both the executive and the legislature in India have checks and balances over each other.
#A [[money bill]] can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. After it is passed by the Lok Sabha, it is sent to the Rajya Sabha, where it can be deliberated upon for a maximum period of 14 days. If rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill shall be considered passed. The [[Economy of India|budget]] is presented in the Lok Sabha by the [[Finance Minister of India|Finance Minister]] in the name of the [[President of India]]
#In matters pertaining to non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it shall be sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the recommendations made by the members of the other house are not accepted by the House which originally tabled the bill, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by the President by calling a joint session of both Houses which is presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a [[simple majority]]. The will of the Lok Sabha normally prevails in thses matters, as its strength is more than double that of the Rajya Sabha
#Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in intiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amemndment (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting)
#Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President (by two-thirds of the membership of the House)
#Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting)
#Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state
#If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National [[State of Emergency in India|Emergency]], the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole ''[[de facto]]'' and ''[[de jure]]'' Parliament. It, of course, cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha.
==Sessions of Lok Sabha==
Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year:
*Budget Session: February to May.
*Monsoon Session: July to September.
*Winter Session: November to December.
==Lok Sabha since Independence==
{| style="margin:auto;" border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2"
|- bgcolor="#d3d3d3"
! No
! Start of Term
! End of Term
! Prime Minister(s)
! President(s)
! Related Elections
<nowiki>^</nowiki> <ref name="ls">[http://loksabha.nic.in/ Lok Sabha Official Website] ''accessed'' 25 Oct, 2006.</ref>
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[1st Lok Sabha]]
| 17 Apr 1952
| 04 Apr 1957
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| [[Rajendra Prasad]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[2nd Lok Sabha]]
| 05 Apr 1957
| 31 Mar 1962
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
| [[Rajendra Prasad]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[3rd Lok Sabha]]
| 02 Apr 1962
| 03 Mar 1967
| [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], [[Gulzarilal Nanda]], [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]], [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[4th Lok Sabha]]
| 04 Mar 1967
| 27 Dec 1970
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan]], [[Zakir Husain]], [[Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[5th Lok Sabha]]
| 15 Mar 1971
| 18 Jan 1977
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[Varahagiri Venkata Giri]], [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[6th Lok Sabha]]
| 23 Mar 1977
| 22 Aug 1979
| [[Morarji Desai]]
| [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]], [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[7th Lok Sabha]]
| 10 Jan 1980
| 31 Dec 1984
| [[Indira Gandhi]]
| [[Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]], [[Giani Zail Singh]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[8th Lok Sabha]]
| 31 Dec 1984
| 27 Nov 1989
| [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| [[Giani Zail Singh]],R Venkataraman
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[9th Lok Sabha]]
| 02 Dec 1989
| 13 Mar 1991
| [[V.P. Singh]], [[Chandra Shekhar]]
| R Venkataraman
|
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[10th Lok Sabha]]
| 20 Jun 1991
| 10 May 1996
| [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| R Venkataraman, [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[11th Lok Sabha]]
| 15 May 1996
| 04 Dec 1997
| H.D Deve Gowda, I.K Gujral
| [[K. R. Narayanan|K.R Narayanan]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[12th Lok Sabha]]
| 10 Mar 1998
| 26 Apr 1999
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal B. Vajpayee]]
| K.R Narayanan
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[13th Lok Sabha]]
| 10 Oct 1999
| 06 Feb 2004
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal B. Vajpayee]]
| K.R Narayanan, [[Abdul Kalam|Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam]]
|
|- bgcolor="#e4e8ff"
| [[14th Lok Sabha]]
| 17 May 2004
| Till Date
| [[Dr. Manmohan Singh]]
| [[Abdul Kalam|Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam]]
|
|}
== Expulsion of members for contempt of the House ==
On [[12 December]] [[2005]], a private news channel telecast an entrapment operation where 11 Members of Parliament were apparently caught on video receiving cash inducements in return for raising questions in the Parliament. Following swift inquiries by Ethics Committee of Rajya Sabha and a Special Committee of the Lok Sabha the members were found guilty and the motion for their expulsion was adopted in respective Houses. As of February 2006, the matter is sub-judice since these members have challenged the expulsion before the Honorable [[High Court of Delhi]] and the Honorable [[Supreme Court of India]].
On [[23 December]] [[2005]] the following members of the Lok Sabha ceased to be members following the adoption of the motion calling for their expulsion:
# [[Narendra Kumar Kushwaha]], BSP, [[Mirzapur]] (Uttar Pradesh) 23.12.2005
# [[Raja Ram Pal]], BSP, [[Bilhaur]] (Uttar Pradesh) 23.12.2005
# [[Manoj Kumar]], RJD, [[Palamau]] (SC) (Jharkhand) 23.12.2005
# [[Baba Saheb Chandra Pratap Singh]], BJP [[Sidhi]] (ST) (Madhya Pradesh) 23.12.2005
# [[Annasaheb M.K. Patil]], BJP [[Erandol]] (Maharashtra) 23.12.2005
# [[Y.G. Mahajan]], BJP, [[Jalgaon]] (Maharashtra) 23.12.2005
# [[Suresh Chandel]], BJP, [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]] (Himachal Pradesh) 23.12.2005
# [[Pradeep Gandhi]], BJP, [[Rajnandgaon]] (Chhattisgarh) 23.12.2005
# [[Ramsevak (Babuji) Singh]], INC, [[Gwalior]] (Madhya Pradesh) 23.12.2005
# [[Lal Chandra]], BSP, [[Robertsganj]] (SC) (Uttar Pradesh) 23.12.2005
[http://www.cobrapost.com/documents/one.htm The involved journalists' take on the operation.]
[http://164.100.24.208/ls/Inquiry/IReport.pdf Link to the report of the Lok Sabha inquiry committee on Parliament of India website (in PDF format)]
==See also==
* [[Rajya Sabha]]
* [[Politics of India]]
* [[Indian general elections 1951-1971]]
* [[Indian general elections 1977-1999]]
* [[Indian general elections, 2004]]
==Notes==
<References/>
==External links==
*[http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/intro/introls.htm Description of Lok Sabha on website of Parliament of India]
*[http://loksabha.nic.in/ Website of Lok Sabha]
[[Category:Parliament of India]]
[[Category:National lower houses|India]]
[[de:Lok Sabha]]
[[es:Lok Sabha]]
[[fr:Lok Sabha]]
[[gu:લોક સભા]]
[[ko:로크 사바]]
[[it:Lok Sabha]]
[[kn:ಲೋಕಸಭೆ]]
[[nl:Lok Sabha]]
[[ru:Лок Сабха]]
[[sv:Lok Sabha]]
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