Fairlight CMI and Kurupt: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 04:07, 22 June 2007

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{{Cleanup|date=May 2006}}

The '''Fairlight CMI''' (Computer Musical Instrument) was the first digital [[sampler|sampling]] [[synthesiser]]. It was designed in 1978 by the founders of [[Fairlight]], [[Peter Vogel (computer designer)|Peter Vogel]] and [[Kim Ryrie]], and based on a dual [[microprocessor]] computer designed by [[Tony Furse]] in [[Sydney, Australia]]. It rose to prominence in the early [[1980s]].

{{Unreferenced|date=May 2007}}

{{Infobox musical artist 2

|Name = Kurupt

|Img =

|Background = solo_singer

|Birth_name = Ricardo Emmanuel Brown

|Alias = Young Gotti<br/>Kurupt The Kingpin

|Born = {{birth date and age|1972|11|23}}

|Origin = [[Hawthorne, California]] [[Los Angeles, California]]

|Genre = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]]

|Years_active = 1992&ndash;present

|Label = [[Death Row Records]]<br/>[[Antra Records]]/ [[Interscope]]<br/>[[D.P.G. Recordz]]<br/>[[Gangsta Advisory Records]]

|Associated_acts = [[Tha Dogg Pound]], [[Daz Dillinger]], [[Soopafly]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Nate Dogg]], [[Dr. Dre]], [[2Pac]], [[RBX]], [[Xzibit]]}}

'''Kurupt''' (born '''Ricardo Emmanuel Brown''' on [[November 23]], [[1972]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[gangsta rap]]per and former Executive Vice President of [[Death Row Records]]. He is a member of the rap group [[Tha Dogg Pound]], and is mostly known for his work with [[Death Row Records]].

The first buyers of the new system were [[Peter Gabriel]], [[Todd Rundgren]], [[Nick Rhodes]] of [[Duran Duran]], producer [[Rhett Lawrence]] and [[Stevie Wonder]]. Among the first commercially released albums to incorporate it were [[Kate Bush]]'s ''[[Never for Ever]]'' (1980) and [[Jean-Michel Jarre]]'s ''[[Magnetic Fields (album)|Magnetic Fields]]'' (1981). Jarre also made extensive use of the instrument on his ''[[The Concerts in China]]'' (1982) and ''[[Zoolook]]'' (1984) albums. It was used on [[The Buggles]]' last album, ''[[Adventures in Modern Recording]]'', as well as Gabriel's "[[Shock the Monkey]]" and its parent album ''[[Peter Gabriel (IV Security)|Security]]'' (all 1982).

Also known as '''Young Gotti''' and '''The Kingpin''', He is one half of Tha [[Dogg Pound]] (Daz & Kurupt).

==History==

==Biography==

===Early life & career===

Kurupt was born in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] and later moved to [[Hawthorne, California]] as a teen to live with his father. As a result, he has associated himself somewhat with Philadelphia and its rap scene, including Philly rappers such as [[Beanie Sigel]]. He lived in [[Hawthorne, California|Hawthorne]] and later moved to [[South Los Angeles|South Central]] on his own.

After a rap battle with future star [[Snoop Dogg]] at a club one night, the two felt camaraderie, and agreed that if one of the two got a record deal they would put the other on. When Snoop was discovered by [[Dr Dre]] and signed to [[Death Row Records]], Kurupt was also signed to the label.

The Fairlight CMI was a development of an earlier synthesiser called the Quasar M8, an attempt to create sound by modelling all of the parameters of a waveform in real time. Unfortunately, this was beyond the available processing power of the day, and the results were disappointing. In an attempt to make something of it, Vogel and Ryrie decided to see what it would do with a naturally recorded soundwaves as a starting point. To their surprise the effect was remarkable, and the sampler was born.

Snoop's cousin, [[Daz Dillinger]], was also signed, and the three formed a group called [[Tha Dogg Pound]]. The pair had well-received appearances on the first two major Death Row releases, ''[[The Chronic]]'' and ''[[Doggystyle]]'', and due to the successes of the albums their debut ''[[Dogg Food]]'' was widely anticipated and did well both critically and on the charts.

By [[1979]], the Fairlight CMI Series I was being demonstrated, but the sound quality was not quite up to professional standards, having only 24kHz sampling, and it wasn't until the Series II of [[1982]] that this was rectified. In [[1983]] [[MIDI]] was added with the Series IIx, and in [[1985]], support for full [[Compact disc|CD]] quality sampling (16bit/50kHz) was available with the Series III.

After the signing of [[2Pac]] to Death Row in September 1995, a [[East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry|"rap war"]] was sparked between Death Row and [[Bad Boy Entertainment]]. Kurupt and Daz became embroiled in it through "New York, New York," the single from ''[[Dogg Food]]''; [[Queensbridge]], New York duos [[Capone-N-Noreaga]] and [[Mobb Deep]] responded with "L.A., L.A."

The Fairlight ran its own [[operating system]] known as QDOS (was a modified version of the Motorola MDOS operating system) and had a primitive (by modern standards) menu-driven [[Graphical user interface|GUI]]. The basic system used a number of [[Motorola 6800]] [[central processing unit|processor]]s, with separate cards dealing with specific parts of the system, such as the display driver, keyboard interface, etc. The main device for interacting with the machine apart from the keyboard was a [[light pen]], which could be used to select options presented on a monochrome green-screen.

===Off Death Row===

The Series III model dropped the light pen interface (the light pen cable apparently was one of the most fragile hardware elements in the system) in favour of a [[graphics tablet]] interface which was built in to the keyboard. This model was built around [[Motorola 68000]] processors, running [[Microware]]'s [[OS-9]] Level II operating system (6809 version). One of the Fairlight's most significant software features was the so-called "Page R", which was a real time graphical pattern sequence editor, widely copied on other software synths since. This feature was often a key part of the buying decision of artists.

When 2Pac was later murdered, Kurupt was one of the first artists to leave Death Row. He signed with [[Antra Records]] and released his debut solo album, entitled ''[[Kuruption!]]'' in 1998. It was a double-disc album, one drawing on the West Coast and one drawing on the East Coast, particularly Philadelphia. His second solo album, ''[[Tha Streetz Iz A Mutha]]'', was released on Antra in 1999. Many of his fans consider this to be his best album, though it did relatively poorly commercially.

In 2001, Kurupt released is third solo album, ''[[Space Boogie: Smoke Oddessey]]''. The album did relatively well, promoted by the single "It's Over." In the same year, Kurupt and Daz released the album ''[[Dillinger & Young Gotti]]'' under the DPG moniker. In 2002, Kurupt signed back on with Death Row Records in exchange for Dr. Dre's former role of President.

The Fairlight CMI was very well built, assembled by hand with expensive components and consequently it was highly priced (around £20,000 for a Series I). Although later models, adjusting for inflation, were getting comparatively less expensive as the relative technology was getting cheaper, competitors with similar performance and lower prices started to multiply. Fairlight managed to survive until the mid-1980s, mainly bidding on its legendary name and its [[cult status]], sought after by those that could afford its prices.

Snoop Dogg and Daz, who held Death Row CEO [[Suge Knight]] responsible for 2Pac's death, were shocked by the move. This didn't sit well with them and a feud ignited between Kurupt and Snoop, Daz and DPG associates [[Soopafly]], and Terry Choe a.k.a [[Teezy]]. Kurupt faded into the background on Death Row, working on the album that would be pushed back numerous times; fans heard from him only on guest appearances or disses to his former groupmates.

Fairlight went bankrupt a few years later owing to the expense of building the instruments &mdash; [[Australian dollar|AUD$]]20,000 in components per unit. Peter Vogel said in 2005, ''"We were reliant on sales to pay the wages and it was a horrendously expensive business ... Our sales were good right up to the last minute, but we just couldn't finance the expansion and the R&D."''

===Back on Death Row===

==Influence==

During his second stint on Death Row, Kurupt formed two separate groups: '''[[The Riflemen]]''' consisted of: Kurupt, [[Mobb Deep]], [[Jayo Felony]], [[40 Glocc]], and [[The Alchemist (producer)|The Alchemist]]. '''[[The HRSMN]]''' consisted of Kurupt, [[Canibus]], [[Killah Priest]] and [[Ras Kass]]. Though the former never released even a single and now seems defunct, the HRSMN have put out two mixtapes (one featuring songs by all the artists together, one just a loose compilation of contributions by each rapper). In interviews they have stated they are ready to begin working on finding a label for the project and releasing it, and though each one is busy with his own albums, they have each guested on each others' projects. [http://canibus-central.com/site/horsemen.php]

The success of the Fairlight CMI caused other firms to introduce sampling. [[New England Digital]] modified their [[Synclavier]] digital synth to perform sampling, while E-mu introduced a less costly sampling keyboard, the [[E-mu Emulator|Emulator]], in [[1981]].

When the album, ''[[Against Tha Grain]]'', was finally released in 2005 to poor reviews and sales, Kurupt had already left the label a second time. The feud lasted about 3 years, until Snoop Dogg put together a meeting called the "West Coast Conference", which was a rounded up a large amount of rappers from the West Coast. The press conference was for artists to squash any problems, so they could all work together and make money in the future.

In the United States, a new sampler company called [[Ensoniq]] introduced the [[Ensoniq Mirage]] in [[1985]], at a price that made sampling affordable to the average musician for the first time. Though the Mirage was essentially a poor man's sampler with significantly inferior hardware specs, at less than $2000, it was nevertheless sufficiently powered (8-bit microprocessor) to signal the start of end of the CMI. In addition to these low-cost dedicated systems, very cheap add-in cards for popular home computers started to appear at this time, for example the [[Apple II]]-based [[Greengate DS3]] sampler card, and new computer systems such as the [[Apple Macintosh]] featured built-in sampling sound systems.

===Again Off Death Row & Recent Projects===

Kurupt dropped "Same Day, Different Sh*t" in 2006. The CD was entirely produced by Daz. and was an independent release.

== Features timeline ==

==Discography==

'''Quasar I''', '''II''', and (last) '''M8''' (1975-1977)

===Solo albums===

*$20,000 base price

{| class="wikitable"

*Dual [[Motorola 6800]] CPUs

|-

*Made by Fairlight and Creative Strategies

|align="left"|[[Image:Kuruptkuruption.jpg|left|120px]]

*8 voices (no sampling, just numeric [[additive synthesis]] with 128 harmonics)

|align="left"|'''''[[Kuruption!]]'''''

*Memory: 4 kB per voice

*Released: [[September 1]], [[1998]]

*Synthesis: [[Fourier synthesis]]; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing

*Billboard 200 chart position: #8 (83,000 copies)

*Hole paper tape reader

*US Sales: 319,519<ref name="Ukmix">http://www.ukmix.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=22680&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=300</ref>

*Singles: "We Can Freak It", "Ask Yourself A Question"

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Kuruptstreetzizamutha.jpg|left|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Tha Streetz Iz A Mutha]]'''''

*Released: [[November 2]], [[1999]]

*Billboard 200 chart position: #31

*US Sales: 507,893<ref name="Ukmix">http://www.ukmix.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=22680&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=300</ref>

*Singles: "Girls All Pause"

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Kuruptspaceboogie.jpg|left|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Space Boogie: Smoke Oddessey]]'''''

*Released: [[July 10]], [[2001]]

*Billboard 200 chart position: #10 (83,000 copies)

*US Sales: 348,272<ref name="Ukmix">http://www.ukmix.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=22680&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=300</ref>

*Singles: "It's Over"

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:KuruptOriginals.jpg|left|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Originals]]'''''

*Released: [[2004]]

*Chart positions: N/A

*Singles:

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Kuruptagainstthagrain.jpg|left|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Against Tha Grain]]'''''

*Released: [[August 23]], [[2005]]

*Billboard 200 chart position: #60

*Singles:

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Young Gotti - Same Day Different Shit.jpg|left|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Same Day, Different Shit]]'''''

*Released: [[June 20]], [[2006]]

*Billboard 200 chart position: N/A

*Singles:

|}

===With Tha Dogg Pound===

'''CMI Series I''' (1979)

*~£18,000

*The first musical sampler

*8 voices of [[polyphony (instrument)|polyphony]]

*Sampling specification: 8 bits at 16 kHz (mono)

*Memory: 16 kB per voice, System: 64 kB

*Dual [[Motorola 6800]] CPUs

*Synthesis: freeform waveform via lightpen; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing

*Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive + slave keyboard

*Sequencer: Basic keyboard sequencer, Musical Composition Language (MCL),

*Video RAM: 16 kB (512x256 pixels)

*Two 8" floppy drives

{| class="wikitable"

'''CMI Series II''' (1980)

!align="left"|Album cover

*~£25,000

!align="left"|Album information

*8 voices of [[polyphony (instrument)|polyphony]]

|-

*Sampling specification: 8 bits at 2100 Hz to 30200 kHz (mono)

|align="left"|[[Image:DoggPoundDoggFood.jpg|120px]]

*Memory: 16 kB per voice, System: 64 kB

|align="left"|'''''[[Dogg Food]]'''''

*Dual [[Motorola 6800]] CPUs

*Released: [[October 31]], [[1995]]

*Synthesis: freeform waveform via lightpen; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing

*Label: [[Death Row Records]]

*Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive + slave keyboard

*Chart positions: #1

*Control: [[MIDI]]

*Last [[RIAA certification]]: 2x Platinum

*Sequencer: Basic keyboard sequencer, Musical Composition Language (MCL),

*Singles: Let Play House, New York New York

*Video RAM: 16 kB (512x256 pixels)

|-

*Two 8" floppy drives

|align="left"|[[Image:G30135xinzr.jpg|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Dillinger & Young Gotti]]'''''

*Released: [[May 1]], [[2001]]

*Label: [[D.P.G. Recordz]]

*Chart positions: #124

*Last [[RIAA certification]]:

*Singles:

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Tha dogg pound - 2002 a.jpg|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[2002 (Tha Dogg Pound album)|2002]]'''''

*Released: [[July 31]], [[2001]]

*Label: [[Death Row Records]]

*Chart positions: #36

*Last [[RIAA certification]]:

*Singles:

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:A30135xinzr.jpg|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[The Last of Tha Pound]]'''''

*Released: [[April 27]], [[2004]]

*Label: [[D.P.G. Recordz]]

*Chart positions:

*Last [[RIAA certification]]:

*Singles:

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:H07664evw40.jpg|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Dillinger & Young Gotti II: Tha Saga Continuez]]'''''

*Released: [[November 1]], [[2005]]

*Label: [[D.P.G. Recordz]]

*Chart positions:

*US Sales: 113.000 copies<ref>http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1002277011</ref>

*Singles:

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:Dogg pound cover.jpg|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Cali Iz Active]]'''''

*Released: [[June 27]], [[2006]]

*Label: [[Doggystyle Records]]/[[Koch Records]]

*Chart positions: #28

*US sales: 71,232 copies

*Singles: Cali Iz Active, Sittin on 23z

|-

|align="left"|[[Image:DPG-DC.jpg|120px]]

|align="left"|'''''[[Dogg Chit]]'''''

*Released: [[March 27]], [[2007]]

*Label: [[D.P.G. Recordz]]/[[Koch Records]]

*Chart positions: #77

*US sales: 11,837 copies<ref>http://www.urbanconnects.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=375</ref>

*Last [[RIAA certification]]:

*Singles: Vibe With A Pimp

|-

|align="left"|

|align="left"|'''''[[Westcoast Aftershocc]]'''''

*Coming in [[2008]]

*Label:

*Chart positions:

*Last [[RIAA certification]]:

*Singles:

|}

===With [[The HRSMN]]===

'''CMI Series IIx''' (1983)

* [[2003]] ''[[The Horsemen Project]]''

*~£27,000

*8 voices of [[polyphony (instrument)|polyphony]]

*Sampling specification: 8 bits at 2100 Hz to 30.2 kHz (mono)

*Memory: 16 kB per voice, System: 256 kB

*Dual [[Motorola 6809]] CPUs

*Synthesis: freeform waveform via lightpen; dynamic harmonic control, waveform editing

*Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive + slave keyboard

*Control: [[MIDI]], [[SMPTE time code|SMPTE]]

*Sequencer: Page R, Basic keyboard sequencer, Musical Composition Language (MCL),

*Video RAM 16 kB (512x256 pixels)

*Two 8" floppy drives

===With [[J Wells]]===

'''CMI Series III''' (1985)

* [[June 5]] [[2007]] ''[[Digital Smoke]]''

*£50,000

*16 voices of [[polyphony (instrument)|polyphony]] (expandable)

*Sampling specification: 16 bits at 100 kHz (mono) or 50 kHz (stereo), System: 356 kB

*Memory: 14 MB, expandable to 32 MB and maximum 64 MB on last hard revision (RAM RAM disk)

*Dual [[Motorola 6809]] CPUs, and one 6809 CPU for each voice card, one [[Motorola 68000]] (to 68020) for waveform processor card

*Synthesis: freeform waveform via graphics tablet; FFT; waveform editing

*Keyboard: 73 note unweighted velocity sensitive (MIDI compatible)

*Control: [[MIDI]], [[SMPTE time code|SMPTE]]

*Sequencer: CAPS (Composer, Arranger, Performer Sequencer), 80 track polyphonic, Musical Composition Language (MCL),

*Hard drive and Tape DC600 Streamer (ESDI, SCSI), one 8" floppy drive

===Other Sound clips Appearances===

*1992 "Lyrical Gangbang" (Lady of Rage, Kurupt & RBX), "Stranded on Death Row" (Kurupt, RBX, Lady of Rage & Snoop Doggy Dogg) & "Bitches Ain't Shit" (feat. Dat Nigga Daz, Kurupt & Snoop Doggy Dogg). (From [[Dr. Dre]]'s album ''[[The Chronic]]''.)

''Note: These sound clips require an [[Ogg Vorbis]] player. Click [[Ogg vorbis#Software|here]] for a list of downloadable players.''

*1993 "Serial Killa" ~as Tha Dogg Pound~ (feat. The D.O.C. & RBX); "For All My Niggaz & Bitches" ~as Tha Dogg Pound~ (feat. The Lady Of Rage); "[[Doggy Dogg World]] ~as Tha Dogg Pound~ (feat. The Dramatics); & "Ain't No Fun (If The Homies Can't Have None)" (feat. Nate Dogg & Warren G) (all off the Snoop Doggy Dogg album ''[[Doggystyle]]'')

*1996 "Music Makes Me High (Remix)" (with [[Lost Boyz]], Canibus, & [[Daz]] from the 12" Single)

*1997 "Can You Handle It" (feat. Daz, [[McGruff]], & D.J. Rogers Jr.) (off the [[Heavy D]] album ''[[Waterbed Hev]]'')

*1998 "True Master" (feat [[Pete Rock]] & [[Inspectah Deck]] ) from the Pete Rock's album Soul Survivor

*1998 "The Comeback" (feat. Daz Dillinger) (from the TQ album ''They Never Saw Me Coming'')

*1999 "Gangsta, Gangsta (How U Do It)" (from the Chris Webber album ''Too Much Drama'')

*2000/2002 "Where I Wanna Be" (feat. Kurupt & Nate Dogg) (off Shade Sheist's album "Informal Introduction" & Damizza's "presents...Where I Wanna Be")

*2000 ''"O.G. To Me" (feat. Daz, [[Jayo Felony]])(off [[Scarface (rapper)|Scarface]]'s album "Last of a Dying Breed")''

*2001 ''"Who Ride Wit' Us" & "Make It Happen"(with Tone Toven) (both from the various artists album entitled "Nuthin' But A Gangsta Party 2")''

*2001 "Skunk" (featured on [[Choclair]]'s album ''Memoirs of Blake Savage'')

*2002 "Just A Dance" (from the [[Deborah Cox]] album ''[[The Morning After (Deborah Cox album)|The Morning After]]'')

*2002 ''"Blast Off" (from the various artists album entitled "Chronic Jointz: Da Hitz Vol. 1")''

*2003 "The Dungeon" (off the Canibus mixtape ''[[My Name Is Nobody]]'')

*2004 "Ain't No Way" ((from the HRSMN) off the unreleased album ''[[Catch Me If You Can]]

*2005 ''"West Coast" (Introduction by Kurupt) (off the Yama album "Amor")''

*2005 ''"Keep it G" feat [[Bohemia]] The Punjabi Rapper (featured on DJ Scorpio's album ''West Coast Desi'')

*2006 ''"Baby Who's Is It" (from the [[Teena Marie]] album "[[Sapphire]]")''

*2007 ''"Hood Or Nothing" (from the Westside Bugg album "The Roach Motel")''

==Filmography==

{{Listen|filename=Arpegiator.ogg|title=Jean-Michel Jarre - Arpegiator|description=An excerpt from ''Arpegiator'' (recorded October 1981), highlighting the use of the Fairlight CMI}}

===Acting===

*1999 ''[[3 the Hard Way]] (Video)''

*2001 ''[[Keepin' It Real]] (as Raw-D)''

*2001 ''[[The Wash]] (as Maniac)''

*2002 ''Kurupt: G-TV (Video)''

*2002 ''[[Half Past Dead]] (as Twitch)''

*2002 ''[[Dark Blue]] (as Darryl Orchard)''

*2003 ''[[Fastlane (TV series)|Fastlane]] (TV episode called "Dosed" (as Fallon)''

*2003 ''[[Hollywood Homicide]] (as K-Ro)''

*2003 ''"Vegas Vamps"''

*2004 ''"I Accidentally Domed Your Son" (as Krego)''

*2004 ''[[Johnson Family Vacation]] (as himself)''

*2005 ''"A Talent for Trouble" (as himself)''

*2005 ''[[Brothers in Arms]] (as Kansas)''

*2006 ''[[Stand By Your Man]] (as Joker)''

*2007 ''[[Half Past Dead 2]] (as Twitch)''

*2007 ''[[Vice]] (currently filming) (as TJ Greene)''

===Composer===

*[[Media:Fairlight1.ogg|A water droplet sample played musically. Composer: Greg Holmes]] - ''[http://www.ghservices.com/gregh/fairligh/examples.htm Original source]''

*[[Media:Fairlight2.ogg|A sequenced, multi-sound song played on the Fairlight CMI. Composer: Greg Holmes]] - ''[http://www.ghservices.com/gregh/fairligh/examples.htm Original source]''

*1995 ''[[Murder Was the Case]]: The Movie'' (Video) (song "[[Doggy Dogg World]]")

*[http://music.barnesandnoble.com/search/mediaplayer.asp?ean=743215186922&z=y&track=1&disc=1|''You're the Voice'']- the unmistakeable "clack-clack" sound etc. is a chief sound of the Fairlight CMI, as used in this John Farnham song.

*2001 ''"Gang Tapes"''

*[http://music.barnesandnoble.com/search/mediaplayer.asp?ean=743215186922&z=y&track=3&disc=1|''A Touch of Paradise'']- This John Farnham song makes extensive use of the Fairlight CMI for background atmosphere as well as lead parts

===Appearances===

==Artists using the Fairlight CMI==

*[[ABC (band)|ABC]]

*[[Bryan Adams]]

*[[Afrika Bambaataa]]

*[[Tasmin Archer]]

*[[The Art of Noise]]

*[[Jon Astley]]

*[[Jon Anderson]]

*[[The B-52's]]

*[[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]]

*[[Daniel Balavoine]]

*[[Lindsey Buckingham]]

*[[Kate Bush]]

*[[Cabaret Voltaire (band)|Cabaret Voltaire]]

*[[The Cars]]

*[[Jane Child]]

*[[Coil (band)|Coil]]

*[[Stewart Copeland]]

*[[Elvis Costello]]

*[[David Hirschfelder]]

*[[Def Leppard]]

*[[Depeche Mode]]

*[[Al Di Meola]]

*[[Dollar pop duo|Dollar]]

*[[Dire Straits]]

*[[Thomas Dolby]]

*[[Geoff Downes]]

*[[Duran Duran]]

*[[Devo]]

*[[Ebn Ozn]]

*[[Eddie Jobson]]

*[[Keith Emerson]]

*[[Brian Eno]]

*[[Eurythmics]]

*[[Fleetwood Mac]]

*[[Foreigner (band)|Foreigner]]

*[[Fumitaka Anzai]] (Japanese Artist who makes many anime-soundtracks with CMI)

*[[Peter Gabriel]]

*[[Deborah Gibson]]

*[[David Gilmour]]

*[[Hall & Oates]]

*[[Jan Hammer]]

*[[Herbie Hancock]]

*[[Heaven 17]]

*[[Human League]]

*[[Icehouse (band)|Icehouse]]

*[[Michael Jackson]]

*[[Jean-Michel Jarre]]

*[[Jefferson Starship]]

*[[John Paul Jones (musician)|John Paul Jones]]

*[[Kids in the Kitchen]]

*[[Shona Laing]] ("Soviet Snow")

*[[Robert Lange|Robert John "Mutt" Lange]]

*[[Julian Lennon]]

*[[Loverboy]]

*[[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]]

*[[Tony Mansfield]]

*[[Paul McCartney]]

*[[Ministry (band)|Ministry]]

*[[New Musik]]

*[[Billy Ocean]]

*[[Mike Oldfield]]

*[[Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark]]

*[[Alan Parsons]]

*[[Pet Shop Boys]]

*[[Prince (musician)|Prince]]

*[[Queen (band)|Queen]]

*[[Romeo's Daughter]]

*[[Todd Rundgren]]

*[[Scritti Politti]]

*[[Clive Smith]]

*[[Sparks (band)|Sparks]]

*[[Supertramp]]

*[[Tears For Fears]]

*[[U2]]

*[[Brian Wilson]]

*[[Steve Winwood]]

*[[Stevie Wonder]]

*[[Rick Wright]]

*[[Yazoo (band)|Yazoo]]

*[[Yello]]

*[[Yes (band)|Yes]]

*[[Zee (band)|Zee]]

*[[ZZ Top]]

*[[David Vorhaus]]

*1995 ''"Murder Was the Case: The Movie"''

A Fairlight CMI can be seen in the [[Devo]] film ''We Are Devo'' and in [[Jan Hammer]]'s music video for the ''[[Miami Vice]]'' theme song. It also makes an appearance being operated by [[Nick Rhodes]] in [[Duran Duran]]'s video "[[The Reflex]]".

*1998 ''"Straight from the Streets"(Video)''

*1999 ''[[Charlie Hustle: Blueprint of Self-Made Millionaire]] (TV)''

*2000 ''[[The Up In Smoke Tour]](Video)''

*2003 ''"Hardware: Uncensored Music Videos - Hip Hop Volume 1"(Video) (segment "The Next Episode")''

*2003 ''[[Tupac: Resurrection]]''

*2005 ''"Brothers in Arms: The Making of a Modern Western"''

*2006 ''"Rap Sheet: Hip-Hop and the Cops"''

==Grammy Award nominations==

David Hirschfelder made extensive use of the Fairlight CMI while recording with [[John Farnham]] for the 1986 album ''[[Whispering Jack]]''.

Kurupt has been nominated for one [[Grammy Award]] but has not yet won an award [[as of 2006]].

{| class="wikitable"

==External links and references==

|- FONT SIZE=+2

*[http://www.fairlight.free.fr/ Fairlight Photos]

! Category

*[http://members.aon.at/virtual-music/zonen_e/e_products_fair.htm Service and Repair Centre for CMI I, CMI II and CMI II-X]

! Genre

*[http://egrefin.free.fr/ Candor Chasma : Information about Fairlight CMI and other vintage keyboards]

! Song

*[http://www.obsolete.com/120_years/machines/fairlight/ Fairlight CMI History, photos and technical information]

! Year

*[http://www.vintagesynth.com/misc/fairlight_cmi.shtml More history, technical info and links]

! Result

*[http://ghservices.com/gregh/fairligh/ Greg Holmes' Fairlight CMI page]

|- ALIGN=CENTER

*[http://musicthing.blogspot.com/2004/10/fairlight-week-pt-1-buy-your-own.html Fairlight Week on Music Thing]

| Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group (with Daz)

*[http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg18524921.400 Interview: Electronic maestros] (''New Scientist'', [[26 March]] [[2005]])

| Soundtrack

*[http://www.anerd.com Peter Vogel's homepage with links to some Fairlight history and photos]

| <FONT SIZE= +1>"[[What Would You Do (Tha Dogg Pound song)|What Would You Do]]"

*[http://launch.groups.yahoo.com/group/Fairlight-CMI/ Fairlight User's Groups on Yahoo]

| 1996

*[http://www.clivesmith.com/csbio.html Clive Smith, early pre-eminent Fairlight specialist]

| Nominated

|}

==Trivia==

[[Category:Synthesizer manufacturers]]

*Has recently been engaged to west coast gangsta rapper [[Gail Gotti]].

[[Category:Fairlight Synthesizers]]

*Was previously engaged to [[R&B]] singer [[Natina Reed]], of the group [[Blaque]] and was also previously engaged to [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]] rapper [[Foxy Brown]].

*Is an expert of the so-called [[C-Walk]], a Crip Gang ritual. He also made a song about it called "C-Walk" featuring the Crip members [[Slip Capone]] & [[Tray Deee]].

*Wrote and produced the song "Streets on Fire" with Porno for Pyros for the film ''Dark Blue'', which was never released on an album.

*His brother is a rapper named [[Roscoe (rapper)|Young Roscoe]]

*Is Associated with the Rollin 60s Crip Gang

*Has had feuds with rappers in the past dissing artists such as DMX, Ja Rule, Foxy Brown, 50 Cent, Bad Azz, Soopafly, Snoop Dogg & even his partner in Tha Dogg Pound [Daz Dillinger].

*Has his own Porno DVD named "Kurupt Uncut"

*When Koch released "Against The Grain" they removed all the diss songs from the album. Those songs have now been released on Kurupt "Against Tha Grain (The E.P.)" and includes the infamous "No Vaseline Part 2" which is aimed at Soopafly, Bad Azz, Daz, and Snoop Dogg. Available at forthepeopleent.com

==References==

[[de:Fairlight CMI]]

<references/>

[[es:Fairlight]]

[[fr:Fairlight]]

==External links==

[[nl:Fairlight CMI]]

*[http://www.myspace.com/therealkuruptKurupt's Myspace Page]

[[ja:フェアライトCMI]]

*[http://www.youngotti.com/ Kurupt's official website]

[[pl:Fairlight]]

*[http://www.forthepeopleent.com/ Kurupt Against Tha Grain E.P.]

[[sv:Fairlight (företag)]]

*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0476097/ Kurupt on IMDB]

[[Category:1972 births]]

[[Category:American rappers]]

[[Category:Philadelphia music groups]]

[[Category:Crips]]

[[Category:Death Row Records artists]]

[[Category:Living people]]

[[Category:Pennsylvania musicians]]

[[Category:American vegans]]

[[de:Kurupt]]

[[et:Kurupt]]

[[fr:Kurupt]]