Comes and Tendance: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Album <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Albums -->

'''Comes''' is the Latin word for '''companion, either individually or as a member of a collective known as ''comitatus''''' (compare [[comitatenses]]), especially the suite of a magnate, in some cases large and/or formal enough to have a specific name, such as a ''[[cohors amicorum]].''

| Name = Heart

| Type = Studio

| Artist = [[Amanda Lear]]

| Cover = Amanda Lear - Tendance.jpg

| Released = [[2003]]

| Recorded = [[2001]] [[2002]]

| Genre = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Disco]], [[Euro Disco]].

| Length =

| Label = Sony Music / Le Marais Prod., Germany <br /> 50997 510499 2-0

| Producer = FX Costello <br />Laurent Wolf

| Reviews = [[All Music Guide]][http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&token=&sql=10:gjfyxqwsldde]|

| Last album = [[Heart (Amanda Lear album)|Heart]]

| This album = Tendance

| Next album = [[Forever Glam! - The Best Of 1976-2005]]

}}

{{see also|Amanda Lear discography}}

Some notable specific meanings developed, to which this article is devoted.

'''Tendance''' is a [[studio album]] by French singer [[Amanda Lear]] issued by Sony Music Germany in 2003. ''Tendance'', taking its title from a French TV-series hosted by Lear at the time, is an expanded re-release of 2001's ''Heart''. This edition omits "Manuel Guerreiro Da Luz" but adds three tracks; the oriental remix of hit single "Love Boat", entitled "Rainbow Love Boat", Lear's theme song to Italian TV-series ''Cocktail D'Amore'', composed by long-time collaborator Cristiano Malgioglio, and her 2002 duet with Belgian boyband Get Ready!, "Beats Of Love", a cover version of the 1984 European hit single by band Nacht Und Nebel.

==In the '''Roman pagan religion'''==

Comes was a common [[epitheton]] (title, added to the name, as Catholicism still does with Jesus and much- venerated saints, such as in Our Lady of Lourdes) for a [[hero]] or a (usually minor) divinity, marking it out as linked to a (major) divinity, or several celestials to each other.

==Track listing==

#"Love Boat" (P. Williams - C. Fox)<br />

#"Do U Wanna See It?" (A. Lear - T. Willems - L. Wolf)<br />

#"Tendance" (A. Lear - T. Willems - F. X. Costello)<br />

#"Lili Marleen" (2001 Re-recording) (T. Connor - N. Schultze)<br />

#"Hier Encore (Yesterday When I Was Young)" (C. Aznavour - H. Kretzmer - C. Aznavour)<br />

#"Porque Me Gusta" (A. Lear - N. Amal - F.X. Costello)<br />

#"I Just Wanna Dance Again" (T. Willems - L. Fox)<br />

#"Travel By Night (Vol De Nuit)" (T. Willems - F. X. Costello)<br />

#"L'Invitation Au Voyage" (C.Baudelaire-F.X.Costello)<br />

#"The Look Of Love" (H. David - B. Bacharach)<br />

#"L'Importante E' Finire" (A. Anelli - C. Malgioglio)<br />

#"Rainbow Love Boat" (Oriental Mix) (A. Lear - T. Willems - F. X. Costello)<br />

#"Cocktail D'Amore" (Original Mix 2002) (Malgioglio - Mancini - Castellari)<br />

#"Beats Of Love" (Radio Edit) (Duet with Get Ready!) (Patrick Marina Nebel)<br />

==Credits==

==Imperially bestowed court titles and various offices of ''Comites''==

Get Ready! appear with kind permission of Virgin Music Belgium.

Historically more significant, Comes became a profane '''title given to trusted (ex-)courtiers and others''' as a mark of imperial confidence, developping into a formal rank, rather equivalent to the hellenistic ''[[Philos]] (Basilikos)'' or the Carolingian (knight) [[paladine]], and therefore the title was retained when one was appointed&mdash;often promoted&mdash;to a post away from court, often in the field or provincial administration; next, it seemed logical to link it to specific charges calling for an incumbent of high rank, and even to make it part of the official title.

==Catalogue numbers==

As the court grew in size and gained political influence, the emperors established a casual practice of appointing loyal servants to various posts. This process had already been utilized elsewhere, as with the Prefect of the [[Praetorian Guard]] and the [[Amici Principis]]. As the imperial system expanded, however, new offices were needed and decentralization demanded change. The result was the creation of the rank of "comes" or count.

*2003 Germany: Sony Music / Le Marais Prod. 50997 510499 2-0

==Single releases==

The ''comites'' (translated as counts, though neither feudal nor hereditary) became leading officials of the Roman Empire. They wielded posts of every description, from the army to the civil service, while never surrendering their direct links and access to the emperors. [[Constantine I (emperor)|Constantine]] took the final step of certifying the posts so that they were permanent fixtures of imperial government.

*2002: "Beats Of Love" (Get Ready! Feat Amanda Lear) / "City" (Get Ready!) (Belgium; Virgin Music 7243 546881 2 6)

<br /><br /><br />

They are listed in full for the begin of the Vth century in the [[Notitia dignitatum]], and a schematic map of comital military posts in English translation is available at [http://www.friesian.com/images/maps/romaniaa.gif| The Friesian project].

{{Amanda Lear}}

At later dates, additional posts have been created.

[[Category:Amanda Lear albums]]

The following are examples of the various types of ''comites'', at court, in the imperial domains or in the military (ranking higher than [[dux]]) :

[[Category:Disco]]

[[Category:2003 albums]]

<table>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes Africae''' -- Count in charge of the defense of Roman Africa.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes Avernorum''' -- Count in charge of the defense of part of Gaul ([[Gallia]]).

<tr>

<td>'''Comes Britanniarum''' -- Count in charge of defense of Roman Britain ([[Britannia]]). This post presumably died out circa 410 A.D., when the last Romans in the isles sailed away forever.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes dispositonum''' -- A deputy to the very powerful ''Magister Officiorum'' (master of offices); responsible for organizing the imperial calendar and preparing the correspondence for distribution to the proper offices for transcription.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes domesticorum''' -- Head of the [[Domestici]], a corps of bodyguards of the emperor who were stationed in the imperial palace. This count controlled both the horse and foot units.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes Hispaniarum''' -- Count in charge of the defense of Roman Spain ([[Hispania]]).

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes Orientis''' -- Actually one of the [[Vicarii]], this count had control over the large imperial diocese of [[Oriens]], supervising the governors of this major group of provinces, but was himself under supervison of the Praefectus Praetorio (whose larger resort was, confusingly, also called Oriens, which simply means the East "where the Sun rises").

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes privatae largitionis''' -- Count in charge of the privy purse, answerable and subordinate to the ''comes rerum privatarum''.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes rerum privatarum''' -- Powerful imperial officer responsible for the private estates or holdings of the emperor and his family (''[[res privata]]''). The count maintained the properties and collected all monies from rent, of which most went to the public funds and some to the privy purse administered by the ''comes privatae largitionis''.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes sacrarum largitionum''' -- Master of the Sacred Largess, this count operated the imperial finances. He controlled all of the mints, collected senatorial taxes, custom duties and some land taxes. He was also responsible for the yields of the mines. The count provided budgets for the civil service and armies and supplied all uniforms.

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>'''Comes sacrae vestis''' -- Count in charge of the wardrobe of the emperor. See also ''[[praepositus sacri cubiculi]]''.

</td>

</tr>

</table>

==horse guards corps of Comites==

The ''Comites dominorom nostrurum'' (plural of ''Comes D.N.;'' literally "Companions of our lords') were a mounted imperial body guard during Diocletian's [[tetrarchy]] (circa 300 AD).

== medieval usage ==

In the feudal tradition, Latin was often used, especially in legal documents, as (sometimes sole) official language, so the rendering in Latin was no less important then the original in the spoken vernacular.

Thus, ''comes'' has been used as the Latin equivalent (or part of it) of all titles of comital rank, whether containing [[Count]] (or some other word etymologically derived from Comes, or in many other languages from [[Graf]]).

*Similarly it is part of the rendering (not always exclusive) of derived lower titles containing such term, notably ''Vicecomes'' for [[Viscount]] and ''Burgicomes'' (alongside ''burgravio'') for [[Burgrave]]

==See also==

*[[agentes in rebus]]

*[[Aerarium]]

*[[comitatensis]]

*[[congiarium]]

*[[donativum]]

*[[fiscus]]

*[[rationalis]]

*[[rationibus]]

*[[Roman Finance]].

[[Category:Roman Empire]]

[[Category:Roman military history]]

[[Category:Ancient Roman titles]][[Category:Military ranks]]