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'''Wickford''' is a small village in the township of [[North Kingstown]], [[Rhode Island]] named after [[Wickford]] in [[Essex]], [[England]]. Wickford is located on the west side of [[Narragansett Bay]]. The village is built around one of the most well-protected natural harbors on the eatern seaboard, and features one of the largest collections of 18th century dwellings to be found anywhere in the northeast. Today the majority of the village's historic homes and buildings (most in private hands) remain largely intact upon their original foundations.
{{originalresearch}}
[[Image:Turms.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A sculpture from [[Veii]] of Turms, the Etruscan god equivalent to the Roman [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] and Greek [[Hermes]].]]
[[Image:Etruscan mural typhon2.jpg|thumb|225px|Etruscan mural of the Greek god [[Typhon]].]]
Wickford is generally said to have been established around 1637, when religious dissident and Rhode Island state founder [[Roger Williams]] bought a parcel of land from the sachem [[Canonicus]] and established a trading post there. Prior to [[European contact]], the lands in and around Wickford had long served as dwelling, fishing, and hunting grounds to the [[Narragansett (tribe)|Narragansett]] people, who were New England's most powerful and prominent tribe at the time when Williams found his way to their shores.
The [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]]s were a people of unknown origin living in Northern [[Italy]], who were eventually integrated into [[Roman Empire|Rome]]. Many of the deities listed below eventually became part of the [[Roman mythology|Roman pantheon]].
At about the same time as Williams' purchase, Richard Smith, a religious dissident from Gloucester, England who had originally settled in the Plymouth Colony's town of Taunton, established a trading post on Narragansett Bay near the mouth of Cocumscussoc Brook. In 1637, Smith built what appears to have been a rather grand, gabled house on the site, which Williams in his letters described as the first English house in the area. This house was also heavily fortified, and thus became known as ''Smith's Castle''.
Very few Etruscan texts have survived: only two short{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, incomplete texts{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, and only a modest number of grave inscriptions{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. The Etruscan language itself is not yet very well understood. The works of earlier Latin writers on Etruscan religious survivals would have filled the gap, if any of them had survived.
During 1651 Smith purchased Roger Williams' trading post, and continued expanding his holdings over the years - building what came to be called the ''Cocumscussoc Plantation''. Smith's plantation became a center of social, religious and political life in the area. Many of the homes that were built during this bried period of expansion, however, were destroyed between 1675-1676 in the conflict called [[King Philip's War]]. One of the homes that went was Smith's Castle, which burned to the ground in 1676. Two years later, Richard Smith Jr. built a new home on the old foundation. Retaining the name "Smith's Castle," this structure remains standing today and is one of the area's most visited historic sites.
Any modern discussion of Etruscan mythology will have to be based on the publication of the Praenestine ''cistae:'' some two dozen fascicles of the ''Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum'' have now appeared.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Specifically Etruscan mythological and cult figures appear in the ''Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae''. Etruscan inscriptions have recently been given a more authoritative presentation by Helmut Rix, ''Etruskische Texte''.
Following King Philip's War, Wickford grew steadily as a port and shipbuilding center. To this day, the waterfront remains very active and hosts, among other fine vessels, the Dutch sailing yacht ''Brandaris''.
The primary trinity included [[Tinia]], [[Uni]] and [[Menrva]].
In 1755, painter [[Gilbert Stuart]] was born at Saunderstown, on the southern outskirts of Wickford, in a snuff-mill that still stands and is open to the public in season. Other famous residents have included novelist [[Owen Wister]], who for decades summered in a home just to the south of the village. Wickford was also home to Paule Stetson Loring, artist for ''Yachting Magazine'' and other publications, and longtime editorial page cartoonist for the ''Providence Journal''. A popular urban legend maintains that novelist [[John Updike]] hailed originally from Wickford - but this is not the case. Updike was born and raised in Pennsylvania. Updike did, however, use Wickford as the model for the fictional village of ''Eastwick'' in his novel, ''The Witches of Eastwick'' (Knopf: 1984).
===List of Etruscan mythological figures===
(Nevertheless, a branch of the Updike, or Op Den Dyck, family was among the first settling families of Wickford; the original village was at one time called <i>Updike's Newtown</i>. The descendants of Richard Smith and Lodowick Updike intermarried and the Updikes were residents of Smith's Castle in the colonial era.)
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color:#f7f8ff" align=center cellpadding="7"
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!width="75"|Name!!width="650"|Information!!width="75"|''[[InterWiki]]''
The Wickford Art Festival - held in July of every year since 1962 and hosted by the Wickford Art Association - is one of the leading such events on the eastern seaboard, attracting hundreds of prominent artists and thousands of spectators from across the country and around the world.
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| '''[[Achle]]''' || Legendary hero of the [[Trojan War]], from the Greek [[Achilles]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. ||
==External Links==
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| '''[[Aita (mythology)|Aita]]''' || Also ''Eita''. God of the underworld and ruler of the dead, equated with the Greek [[Hades]] and Greco-Roman [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]]. || ''[[:it:Aita|it]]''
* [http://www.beautyandthebath.com/ Beauty and the Bath of Wickford (Official Website)]
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* [http://www.yachtbrandaris.com/ Brandaris - Dutch Sailing Yacht of Wickford, RI (Official Website)]
| '''[[Aivas Tlamunus]]''', '''[[Aivas Vilates]]''' || Also ''Eivas'' or ''Evas''. Etruscan equivalents of the Greek heroes [[Ajax (mythology)|Ajax, son of Telamon]] and [[Ajax the Lesser|Ajax, son of Oileus]]. ||
* [http://www.byy.com/wickford/visit.cfm Brewer Wickford Cove Marina (Official Website)]
* [http://www.canvasri.com/ Canvasworks of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.differentdrummerri.com/ Different Drummer Gift Shop of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.wickfordbaptist.org/ First Baptist Church of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.gwillakers.com/ G. Willakers Country Store of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.gilbertstuartmuseum.com/ Gilbert Stuart Birthplace Museum at Saunderstown, RI, on the outskirts of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.goldladyjewelers.com/ Gold Lady Jewelers of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://herbwyfe.com/ The Herb Wyfe of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [https://www.the-hourglass.com/shop/ The Hourglass, Wickford, RI (Official Website)]
* [http://www.npj.com/homepage/teritowe/histwick.html Photo-Tour of Wickford, RI]
* [http://www.pswri.com/ Pleasant Street Wharf, Wickford, RI (Official Website)]
* [http://www.ryansmarket.com/ Ryan's Market, Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.smithscastle.org/ Smith's Castle (Official Web Site)]
* [http://www.stpaulswickford.org/ St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Wickford, RI (Official Website)]
* [http://www.teddybearskins.com/ Teddy Bearskins of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.wickfordart.org/ Wickford Art Association (Official Website)]
* [http://www.wickfordgourmet.com/ Wickford Gourmet (Official Website)]
* [http://www.wickfordvillage.org/ Wickford Village (Official Website)]
* [http://wickfordyc.org/ Wickford Yacht Club (Official Website)]
* [http://www.wilsonsofwickford.com/ Wilson's of Wickford (Official Website)]
* [http://www.woodwater.com/ Wood & Water of Wickford, RI (Official Website)]
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| '''[[Alpan]]''' || Also ''Alpanu''. A goddess of love and one of the Lasas, and a ruler of the underworld. Possibly equated with the Greek goddess [[Persephone]]. In art, she was usually depicted as a nude or semi-nude winged maiden. || ''[[:it:Alpan|it]] [[:sr:Алпан|sr]]''
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| '''[[Ani (Etruscan God)|Ani]]''' || God of the sky who lived in the highest level of the heavens. He may be linguistically linked to the Roman god [[Janus (mythology)|Janus]]. || ''[[:bg:Ани (митология)|bg]] [[:it:Ani|it]] [[:sr:Ани|sr]]''
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| '''[[Apollo|Apulu]]''' || Later ''Aplu''. Sun god, often depicted in art with a staff and [[Bay laurel|laurel]] branches. He was clearly derived from the Greek god [[Apollo]]. || ''[[:cs:Aplu|cs]] [[:it:Aplu|it]] [[:nl:Aplu|nl]] [[:sr:Аплу|sr]]''
[[Category:Villages in Rhode Island]]
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{{RhodeIsland-geo-stub}}
| '''[[Artume]]''' || Also ''Aritimi'', ''Artumes'' or ''Artames''. Goddess of the night, the moon, and death, as well as nature, forests, and fertility. She is derived from Greek goddess [[Artemis]]. || ''[[:it:Artume|it]] [[:tr:Artume|tr]]''
{{coor title dms|41|34|26|N|71|27|41|W|type:city_region:US-RI}}
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| '''[[Atunis]]''' || Also ''Atuns''. The Etruscan incarnation of the popular [[life-death-rebirth deity]]. He is a consort for Turan. Originally non-Etruscan, directly from Greek [[Adonis]]. ||
[[Category:Towns in Rhode Island|Wickford]]
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| '''[[Cautha]]''' || Also ''Cath'' or ''Catha''. Claimed to be a [[solar deity|sun goddess]]. She is also believed to be a goddess of beginnings and the dawn and was also shown rising from the ocean. || ''[[:it:Cautha|it]]''
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| '''[[Celu]]''' || Earth deity, equivalent to the Greek [[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]]. ||
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| '''[[Charun]]''' || A [[psychopomp]] who delivered dead souls into the underworld, as well as the guardian of the entrance to the underworld. He was commonly depicted as a blue fiend with a vulture's nose, pointed ears, red hair, and feathered wings, and carried a double-headed [[mallet]]-style [[hammer]]. He was also sometimes depicted as a man with red hair and a beard. He was in origin a non-Etruscan god{{Fact|date=February 2007}}, from Greek [[Charon (mythology)|Charon]]. ''Charontes'' are possibly linguistically linked to him. || ''[[:fr:Charun|fr]] [[:it:Charun|it]]''
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| '''[[Cilens]]''' || Also ''Celens''.
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| '''[[Culsans]]''' || God of doors and doorways, corresponding to the two-faced Roman god [[Janus (mythology)|Janus]]. || ''[[:it:Culsans|it]]''
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| '''[[Culsu]]''' || Also ''Cul''. A female underworld demon who was associated with gateways. Her attributes included a torch and scissors. She was often represented next to Culsans. || ''[[:de:Culsu|de]]''
|-
| '''[[Easun]]''' || Etruscan version of the Greek legendary hero [[Jason]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Feronia (mythology)|Feronia]]''' || An obscure rural goddess primarily known from the various Roman cults who worshipped her. (Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita book 1, chapter 30, section 5) || ''[[:it:Feronia|it]] [[:lt:Feronija|lt]]''
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| '''[[Fufluns]]''' || Also ''Puphluns''. God of plant life, happiness, health, and growth in all things. He was the son of [[Semla (mythology)|Semla]] and was worshipped in the ''Fufluna'' or ''Pupluna'', which the Romans called the ''Populonia''. He was briefly adopted by the Romans, but soon replaced by other Italic fertility gods. He may have been equivalent to Bacchus ([[Dionysus]]) under the name ''Pacha''. || ''[[:it:Fufluns|it]]''
|-
| '''[[Heracle]]''' || Later ''Hercle'' or ''Hercl''. Etruscan form of the legendary hero known to the Greeks as [[Heracles]] and the Romans as [[Hercules]], associated with strength and water. The difference between the Greek and Roman names for this figure is a result of the Etruscan influence on the Romans. Old Etruscan ''Heracle'' was reduced to ''Hercle'' due to regular [[syncope]] by about 500 BC. The name is in origin from Greek ''Hēraclēs''. || ''[[:it:Hercle|it]]''
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| '''[[Horta (mythology)|Horta]]''' || Goddess of [[agriculture]] (highly conjectural). || ''[[:it:Horta|it]] [[:tr:Horta (mitoloji)|tr]]''
|-
| '''[[Laran]]''' || God of war. In art, he was usually portrayed as a naked young man with a helmet and spear. Laran's consort was the love goddess Turan, mirroring the relationship of [[Ares]], the deity from the Greek pantheon who Laran would later be merged with, and [[Aphrodite]], Turan's equivalent. Laran was also fused with his companion, Veive, in the process. || ''[[:it:Laran (divinità)|it]]''
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| '''[[Lasa]]''' || Plural ''Lasas''. The gods and goddesses who accompanied Turan, goddess of love, and served as guardians of graves. || ''[[:it:Lasa (divinità)|it]]''
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| '''[[Lasa Vecu]]''' || Goddess of prophecy, associated with the nymph [[Vegoia]]{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. ||
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| '''[[Leinth]]''' || Faceless goddess who waited at the gates of the underworld with [[Aita (mythology)|Aita]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Lethans]]''' || Also ''Letham''. Protector goddess of the underworld. ||
|-
| '''[[Mania (mythology)|Mania]]''' || Goddess of the dead in Etruscan and Roman mythology, not to be confused with the Greek goddess of insanity, Mania. She ruled beside Mantus and was said to be the mother of the [[Lares]], [[Manes]], ghosts, and other spirits of the night. || ''[[:it:Mania (mitologia)|it]]''
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| '''[[Mantus]]''' || God of the underworld and husband of Mania in both Etruscan and Roman mythology. They were associated with the city of [[Mantua]], which may derive its name from ''Mantus''. || ''[[:it:Mantus|it]] [[:lt:Mantas|lt]]''
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| '''[[Maris]]''' || God of agriculture and fertility, and a savior deity. He was later associated with—and probably the source of the name of—the Roman god [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]. Mars in turn was later associated with the Greek god [[Ares]], causing Mars' agricultural aspect to shrink in proportion to his warrior aspect over time. ||
|-
| '''[[Menrva|Menerva]]''' || Later ''Menrva''. Goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools, and commerce. The Etruscan counterpart to the Greek [[Athena]] and Roman [[Minerva]]. Like Athena, Menrva was born from the head of her father, Tinia. Menrva, Tinia and Uni were part of a ruling [[Capitoline Triad|triad]] of gods. || ''[[:it:Menvra|it]] [[:nl:Menrva|nl]] [[:ro:Menrva|ro]]''
|-
| '''[[Nethuns]]''' || God of the [[sea]]. He was equivalent to Greek [[Poseidon]] and Roman Neptune. While worshipped by Etruscans, the source of the name ''Nethuns'' is non-Etruscan and most likely borrowed directly from Latin ''Neptunus''. It is therefore cognate with that of the Celtic god [[Nechtan]] and the Vedic [[Apam Napat]], all from an ancient [[Proto-Indo-European religion|Indo-European]] deity whose name is based on the Proto-Indo-European word ''*nepōts'' "grandson, nephew".{{Fact|date=February 2007}} ||
|-
| '''[[Nortia]]''' || Goddess of fate and chance. Unattested in Etruscan texts but mentioned by Roman historian [[Livy]] (Livy vii. 3. 7). Her attribute was a [[nail (engineering)|nail]], which was driven into a wall in her temple during the Etruscan new year festival as a fertility rite. || ''[[:it:Nortia|it]]''
|-
| '''[[Persipnei]]''' || Later ''Ferspnai''. Queen of the underworld, equivalent to the Greek [[Persephone]] and Roman [[Proserpina]]. Again, the difference between these two deities' names is in part a result of Etruscan influence. ||
|-
| '''[[Saturn (mythology)|Satres]]''' || God of time and necessity. Depicted as an old man carrying a sickle and an hourglass. Equivalent to the Roman god [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Selvans (mythology)|Selvans]]''' || Also ''Selva''. Woodlands god cognate with the Roman god Silvanus. ||
|-
| '''[[Semla (mythology)|Semla]]''' || Earth goddess and mother of Fufluns. Possibly related to the Greek goddess [[Semele]]. || ''[[:it:Semia|it]]''
|-
| '''[[Sethlans (mythology)|Sethlans]]''' || Also ''Velchans''. God of fire and the forge, often wielding an axe. Equivalent to the Greek [[Hephaestus]] and Roman [[Vulcan]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Tages|Tarchies]]''' || Also Roman spelling ''Tages''. God of wisdom. Mentioned by various Roman authors ([[Cicero]], De Div. ii 50, 51; [[Ovid]], Met. xv 558 ff; [[Marcus Annaeus Lucanus|Lucan]], i 637). He commonly appeared at ploughing-time and taught Etruscans [[divination]]. He is either the son or grandson of [[Tinia]] (Roman [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jove]]), or he was born directly from a freshly-plowed lot. He was depicted as having two snakes for legs, and some sources claimed that he was a [[daemon (mythology)|daemon]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Taitle]]''' || The Etruscan form of the Greek mythological figure [[Daedalus]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Tarchon]]''' || An Etruscan [[culture hero]] who, with his brother, Tyrrhenus, founded the Etruscan Federation of twelve cities. ||
|-
| '''[[Tecum]]''' || God of the ''lucomenes'', or ruling class. ||
|-
| '''[[Thalna]]''' || Goddess of childbirth and wife of Tinia. She was depicted in art as a youthful woman. || ''[[:it:Thalna|it]] [[:nl:Thalna|nl]] [[:tr:Thalna|tr]]''
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| '''[[Thesan]]''' || Goddess of the dawn associated with the generation of life. She was identified with the Roman [[Aurora (mythology)|Aurora]] and Greek [[Eos]]. Her name literally means "dawn". || ''[[:de:Thesan|de]] [[:hr:Thesan|hr]] [[:it:Thesan|it]]''
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|'''[[These]]''' || A hero who is the eqivalent of the [[Greek people|Greek]] [[Theseus]].||
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| '''[[Thethlumth]]''' || God of fate and the underworld. ||
|-
| '''[[Thufltha]]''' || A [[Erinyes|fury]], inflicting punishment on behalf of Tinia. ||
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| '''[[Tinia]]''' || Alternatively ''Tins''. Chief Etruscan god, the ruler of the skies, husband of Uni, and father of Hercle. Associated with the Greek [[Zeus]] and Roman [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]]. || ''[[:cs:Tinia|cs]] [[:it:Tinia|it]] [[:nl:Tinia|nl]] [[:ro:Tinia|ro]]''
|-
| '''[[Tiur]]''' || Moon deity. The word ''tiur'' literally means "moon". ||
|-
| '''[[Tluscva]]''' || The pair of earth deities [[Terra (mythology)|Tellus]] and Tellumo. ||
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| '''[[Tuchulcha]]''' || Deity residing in the underworld. She was part human and part [[donkey]], had hair made of snakes, and a vulture's beak. Scholars do not agree on the gender of this deity, some seeing beard where others see beastly neck; some seeing breasts while others see a male chest.||
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| '''[[Turan (mythology)|Turan]]''' || Goddess of love and vitality and patroness of the Etruscan city of [[Volci|Vulci]]. She was usually depicted as a young winged girl in art. Pigeons and black swans were her sacred animals, and her retinue was called the Lasas. She was also the wife of Maris. She was associated with the Greek [[Aphrodite]] and Roman [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]. Her name is a noun meaning "the act of giving" in Etruscan, based on the verb stem ''tur-'' 'to give'. She was the only Etruscan deity known to have a cult around her. <ref>Emeline Hill Richardson, ''The Etruscans: Their Art and Civilization''. [[Chicago]]: [[University of Chicago Press]], 1964, 1976, (ISBN 0-226-71234-6) p. 243.</ref>|| ''[[:de:Turan (Gottheit)|de]] [[:it:Turan|it]] [[:ro:Turan|ro]] [[:scn:Turan|scn]]''
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| '''[[Turms]]''' || God of trade and merchandise, and messenger of the gods. One aspect of his, ''Turns Aitas'' (literally "Turms of [[Aita (mythology)|Aita]]"), was the leader of the dead. Commonly depicted with winged shoes and a herald's hat, nearly identical to [[Hermes]] and [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]]. || ''[[:it:Turms|it]]''
|-
| '''[[Tvath]]''' || Goddess of resurrection and love for the dead, related to the Greek [[Demeter]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Tyrrhenus]]''' || An Etruscan culture hero and twin brother of [[Tarchon]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Uni]]''' || Supreme goddess of the Etruscan pantheon, wife of Tinia, mother of Hercle, and patroness of [[Perugia]]. With Tinia and Menrva, she was a member of the ruling [[Capitoline Triad|triad]] of Etruscan deities. Uni was the equivalent of the Roman [[Juno (mythology)|Juno]], whose name ''Uni'' may be derived from, and the Greek [[Hera]]. || ''[[:nl:Uni|nl]]
[[:it:Uni|it]]''
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| '''[[Usil]]''' || Sun god. Conjectured by modern authors based on the term 'usil' but the deity is not mentioned in any classical sources. ||
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| '''[[Vanth]]''' || Underworld winged demon often depicted in the company of [[Charu]]/[[Charun]]. She could be present at the moment of death, and frequenty acted as a guide of the deceased to the underworld<ref>de Grummond, N. T. 2006. ''Etruscan Mythology, Sacred History and Legend: An Introduction''. University of Pennsylvania Museum Publication. p. 220-5</ref> In art, she was depicted with imagery such as scrolls, torches, and keys. No Greek counterpart. || ''[[:de:Vanth|de]] [[:cs:Vanth|cs]]''
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| '''[[Veive]]''' || God of revenge and an associate of Maris. In art, he was depicted as a youth holding a laurel wreath and some arrows, standing next to a goat. || ''[[:it:Veive|it]] [[:tr:Veive|tr]]''
|-
| '''[[Veltha]]''' || ||
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| '''[[Vetis]]''' || Underworld god of death and destruction. ||
|-
| '''[[Vicare]]''' || Son of Taitle, derived from the Greek mythological figure [[Icarus (mythology)|Icarus]]. ||
|-
| '''[[Voltumna]]''' || The [[chthonic]] (earth) god of Etruscan myth, who later became the supreme Etruscan god. He was the patron of the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] race. His cult was centered in Volsini. He was the equivalent of the Roman seasonal deity [[Vertumnus]]. || ''[[:de:Voltumna|de]] [[:it:Voltumna|it]] Hi! :)''
|}
==References and Potatoes==
<references/>
==See also==
*[[Etruscan chariot]]
*[[Greek deities and their Roman and Etruscan counterparts]]
* Jenő Szmodis: The Reality of the Law - From the Etruscan Religion to the Postmodern Theories of the Law; Ed. Kairosz, Budapest, 2005. Hello again! :P Oh, I like potatoes!; http://www.jogiforum.hu/publikaciok/231
[[Category:Etruscan mythology|*]]
[[Category:Etruscan religion]]
[[Category:Roman mythology]]
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[[ca:Mitologia etrusca]]
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[[fr:Mythologie étrusque]]
[[it:Mitologia etrusca]]
[[nl:Etruskische mythologie]]
[[no:Etruskisk mytologi]]
[[pt:Mitologia etrusca]]
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[[simple:Etruscan mythology]]
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