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<!--It has been determined that the term "heavy metal umlaut" should not be hyphenated. If a change is necessary, please post it on the article's talk page. Thank you!-->

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A '''heavy metal umlaut''' (aka '''röck döts''') is an [[umlaut]] over a letter in the name of a [[heavy metal music|heavy metal]] band. The use of umlauts and other [[diacritic]]s with a [[blackletter]] style [[typeface]] is a form of [[foreign branding]] intended to give a band's logo a [[Germanic peoples|Teutonic]] quality. It is a form of marketing that invokes stereotypes of boldness and strength commonly attributed to peoples such as the [[Vikings]]; author Reebee Garofalo has attributed its use to a desire for a "gothic horror" feel {{Ref|Garofalo}}. The heavy metal umlaut is never referred to by the term ''[[diaeresis]]'' in this usage, nor is it intended to affect the pronunciation of the band's name.

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Heavy metal umlauts have been parodied in film and fiction. In the film ''[[This Is Spinal Tap]]'', David St. Hubbins ([[Michael McKean]]) opined, "It's like a pair of eyes. You're looking at the umlaut, and it's looking at you." In [[2002]]<!-- we're still not sure what exact issue - FIXME -->, [[Spin magazine|''Spin'' magazine]] referred to the heavy metal umlaut as "the diacritical mark of the beast".

== User Boxes... ==

==Umlauts and diaereses==

The German word ''Umlaut'' roughly means ''changed sound'', as it is composed of ''um-'' (a prefix often used with verbs involving "change") and ''Laut'', here meaning "sound". Adding an umlaut indeed changes the pronunciation of a [[vowel]] in standard (non-heavy metal) usage; the letters ''u'' and ''ü'' represent distinct sounds, as do ''o'' vs. ''ö'' and ''a'' vs. ''ä''.

Umlauts, or visually similar [[grapheme|graphemes]], are used in several languages, such as [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[German language|German]], [[Swedish language|Swedish]], [[Finnish language|Finnish]], [[Estonian language|Estonian]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], [[Azeri language|Azeri]] and [[Turkish language|Turkish]]. The sounds represented by the umlauted letters in these languages are typically ''[[front vowel]]s'' (front [[Vowel roundedness|rounded vowels]] in the case of ''ü'' and ''ö''). Ironically, these sounds tend to be perceived as "weaker" or "lighter" than the vowels represented by un-umlauted ''u'', ''o'', and ''a'', thus failing to create the intended impression of strength and darkness.

Dude, your user boxes rock! I put like, half of 'em in n=my page...

The English word ''[[diaeresis]]'' refers to a diacritic graphically similar to the umlaut; the name comes from a Greek word meaning "divide or distinguish". This diacritic is used in languages such as [[Greek language|Greek]], [[French language|French]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] with varying purposes. Occasionally [[English language|English]] employs a diaeresis to indicate that two [[vowel]]s are to be pronounced separately, as in the name "Chloë" or the word "naïve".

[[User: Sophiakorichi]]

== what do you have against motorcycle racing? ==

==History==

The German [[progressive rock]] band [[Amon Düül II]] (aka Amon Duul II<!--please keep aka for Google-->) released their first album in [[1969]]. However, their name came from "[[Ammon|Amon]], an Egyptian sun god, and [[Düül]], a character from Turkish fiction" [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=B1c8j1vsjzzza], so this use of diaereses was not gratuitous. The third part of [[Yes (band)|Yes]]'s progressive rock epic "Starship Trooper" is entitled "Würm" (on [[The Yes Album]], released 1971). However, this again is probably not gratuitous, seemingly coming from the [[Würm glaciation]].

why did you remove the apexzone article? are you a cripple and cant ride a bike?

The first ''gratuitous'' use appears to have been either by [[Blue Öyster Cult]] or by [[Black Sabbath]], both in [[1970]]. Blue Öyster Cult's website states it was added by guitarist and keyboardist [[Allen Lanier]] [http://www.blueoystercult.com/History/history3.html], but rock critic [[Richard Meltzer]] claims to have suggested it to their producer and manager [[Sandy Pearlman]] just after Pearlman came up with the name: "I said, 'How about an umlaut over the O?' Metal had a [[Richard Wagner|Wagnerian]] aspect anyway." [http://www.spiraling.com/words/umlaut.html] Conversely, Black Sabbath, on a rare 7" single version of [[Paranoid]] (with the b-side [[Rat Salad]]), for no forthcoming reason, renamed the single "Paranoïd" with an umlaut above the "i".[http://www.fannins-collectables.com/images/b_listing/black_sabbath/paranoid/6059014_fc-fs.jpg]

apexzone is an organization of bikers who use underbone motorcycles.

On their second album ''[[In Search of Space]]'' (1971), [[Hawkwind]] wrote on the backside of the cover: "{{unicode|TECHNICIÄNS ÖF SPÅCE SHIP EÅRTH THIS IS YÖÜR CÄPTÅIN SPEÄKING YÖÜR ØÅPTÅIN IS DEA̋D}}". To add to the variation, the diacritical mark on the last "{{unicode|A̋}}" is the "Hungarian umlaut" or [[double acute accent]] ({{unicode|˝}})&mdash;two short lines slanting up and to the right rather like a right double-quote mark&mdash;instead of dots (Hungarian uses neither the ({{unicode|˝}}) nor the traditional German umlaut ("Ä") over the letter "A", though). This was before [[Lemmy Kilmister]], later of [[Motörhead]], had become a member of the group.

of course the site is not finished yet because the other racers have not yet submitted their profile.

the apex racing team has won many races in philippines

[[Motörhead]] and [[Mötley Crüe]] then followed. The umlaut in ''Motörhead'' was contributed by the graphic designer of the band's first album cover. In the words of Lemmy, Motörhead's front man: "I only put it in there to look mean." [http://www.thewavemag.com/pagegen.php?pagename=article&articleid=21891] (Interestingly, the standard German pronunciation of ''Motör'' is similar to the standard English pronunciation of "motor", the umlaut over the second "o" requiring, in German, the fronting of the vowel. The French equivalent, ''moteur'', is genuinely pronounced that way.)

For the Crüe (according to [[Vince Neil]] in the band's [[Behind the Music]] edition), the inspiration came from a [[Löwenbräu]] bottle. At one [[Mötley Crüe]] performance in Germany, the entire audience started chanting "Mertley Crew-e" - a pronunciation often used in Hungary as well.

[[Image:Spinal Tap logo.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Spinal Tap]] used the umlaut in an unexpected place &mdash; above a consonant.]]

== ''Signpost'' updated for June 18th, 2007. ==

[[Queensrÿche]] went further by putting the umlaut over the ''Y'' in their name. (The symbol ''ÿ'' is used in [[Dutch language|Dutch]] handwriting to display the [[IJ (letter)|letter IJ]] instead of IJ/ij, and, very rarely, in [[French language|French]], ''e.g.'', in the name of the Belgian-French composer [[Eugène Ysaÿe]], in the placename [[L'Haÿ-les-Roses]] [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Ha%C3%BF-les-Roses], etc.) Queensrÿche frontman [[Geoff Tate]] stated, "The umlaut over the 'y' has haunted us for years. We spent eleven years trying to explain how to pronounce it."[http://www.spiraling.com/words/umlaut.html]

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[[Hawkwind]]-influenced [[1980s]] [[space rock]] band [[Underground Zerø]] used a variation on the concept, using the [[Scandinavian language|Scandinavian]] vowel ''[[ø]]'' in their name. This may have been inspired by [[computer system]]s of the time, many of which used the [[slashed zero]] as a glyph for the digit [[0 (number)|0]] to distinguish it from the letter [[O]] and thus resembled ''ø''. The Dutch band [[Bløf]] also uses ''ø'' in its name, even though the letter is not used in [[Dutch language|Dutch]]. Outside of rock, [[electronic music]] artist [[William Orbit]] as of recent has used the "Ø" in his surname.

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The [[Parody|spoof]] band [[Spinal Tap (band)|Spın̈al Tap]] raised the stakes in [[1984]] by using an umlaut over the letter ''N'', a [[consonant]]. This is a construction found only in the [[Jacaltec]] language of [[Guatemala]] and in some orthographies of [[Malagasy]], although it is uncertain whether the writers of ''This Is Spın̈al Tap'' knew this at the time.

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==The gratuitous umlaut in other popular literature==

The [[1974]] film ''[[Blazing Saddles]]'' included [[Madeline Kahn]]'s German-accented [[Marlene Dietrich]]-style [[chanteuse]] character "Lili Von Shtupp" (according in the credits)<!-- which is documented by IMDb-->. She is announced on a poster outside the music hall as "Lili von Shtüpp"<!-- Hmm, my "Stüpp" informant lost confidence about the consonants on seeing the credits-->; the film's characters pronounce the name without any change to the vowel.

== Wikipedia Weekly Episode 20 ==

In the mid-1980s, cartoonist [[Berkeley Breathed]] parodied the heavy metal umlaut in the comic strip [[Bloom County]] with the fictional group [[Billy and the Boingers|Deathtöngue]], fronted by the depraved and unwholesome singer/'lead tongue' [[Bill the Cat|"Wild" Bill Catt]] and infamous for the songs "Let's Run Over [[Lionel Richie]] With a Tank", "[[Clearasil]] [[Messiah]]" and "U Stink But I Love U". Breathed eventually had Deathtöngue change their name to the umlaut-free [[Billy and the Boingers]] following pressure from congressional hearings on "porn rock" led by one "Tippy Gorp", an obvious reference to heavy metal [[bête noire]], [[Tipper Gore]] and the [[Parents Music Resource Center|PMRC]]. The Bloom County book "Billy and the Boingers Bootleg" included an acetate single with two songs from "the band", "I'm a Boinger" and "U Stink But I Love U".

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In [[1988]], [[Jim Henson]] and [[General Foods]] released a [[breakfast cereal]], [[Cröonchy Stars]], based on the popular [[Swedish Chef]] [[muppet]]. In addition to the gratuitous umlaut in ''Cröonchy'', most of the cereal's labelling and promotional material used the idiosyncratic spelling <font face="Arial Unicode MS, Arial, Helvetica, sanserif">''Swed̈ish Chef''</font>. [http://www.kermitage.com/html/collectibles/rarestuffnew/page3.html] As with <font face="Arial Unicode MS, Arial, Helvetica, sanserif">''Spin̈al Tap''</font>, this marks one of the rare instances of an umlaut being used over a consonant.

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The novel ''[[Zodiac (book)|Zodiac]]'' (1988) by [[Neal Stephenson]] features a fictional metal band called Pöyzen Böyzen, which one character describes as "not bad for a two-umlaut band".

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In [[1997]], [[parody]] newspaper ''[[The Onion]]'' published an article called "Ünited Stätes Toughens Image With Umlauts", about a [[United States Congress|congressional]] attempt to add umlauts to the name of the [[United States|United States of America]] to make it seem "bad-assed and scary in a quasi-heavy metal manner".

For Wikipedia Weekly — [[User:WODUP|'''''<font color="#4169E1">W<font color="#191970">ODU</font>P</font>''''']] 05:23, 23 June 2007 (UTC)

[[Journalist]] and [[author]] Steve Almond coined the term "[[spandex]] and umlaut circuit" in [[2002]] to describe the heavy metal touring scene.

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Rock critic [[Chuck Klosterman]] subtitled his [[2001]] book ''Fargo Rock City'' with ''A Heavy Metal Odyssey in Rural Nörth Daköta''.

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[[Webcomic]] artist [[Scott Kurtz]] drew a series of cartoons about a fake band called ''Djörk'' in his [[PvP Online]] webcomic. Apart from possibly satirizing the heavy metal umlaut, this name also refers to the Icelandic singer/songwriter [[Björk]] Guðmundsdóttir, whose umlaut is genuine.

==Other usages of diacritics in band or album naming==

===Umlaut===

* [[Frank Zappa]] used an umlaut in the title of the album ''[[Läther]]'' (the sound represented by 'ä' is equal to the 'ea' of "Leather," and the album cover features a cow)

* Motörhead's 1992 album, March Ör Die

* The novelty rock band [[Green Jellÿ]] kept the umlaut after changing their name from "Green Jellö" This was after the manufacturers of Jello threatened to sue over the use of their trademarked name; the band maintained that the "ÿ" was pronounced like a long "o", therefore the written name of the band changed, but the pronounced name did not

* The [[Music of Scotland|Scottish]] [[NWOBHM]] band [[Holocaust (band)|Holocaust]] spelled their name Hölöcäust on their first [[7"]], "Heavy Metal Mania".

* The [[Music of Canada|Canadian]] [[thrash metal]] band [[Infernäl Mäjesty]].

* The [[Music of Australia|Australian]] [[thrash metal|thrash]]/[[black metal]] band [[Deströyer 666]].

* The [[Music of France|French]] [[black metal]] band [[Mütiilation]]. Technically this umlaut is superfluous - this "u" is already pronounced as the German "ü".

* The [[Florida]] [[grindcore]] band [[Assück]].

* The [[Czech Republic|Czech]] death metal band [[Hypnös]] formerly known as Hypnos

* The [[Denmark|Danish]] heavy metal band [[Handlebar Möustache]].

* The [[Melbourne]] based avant-metal-jam-band [[Cünt Brigade]].

* The hardcore/ska-punk band [[Leftover Crack|Leftöver Crack]].

* [[Dürty Nelly's Pub]], a rock bar in [[Charlottesville, Virginia]].

* [[Peoria, Illinois]] band [[Mudvayne]] listed their members on one release as Chüd, Güüg, R-üD and Spüg.

* Minneapolis crust/hardcore punk band Stāte of Feär

* The [[rock en espanol|Spanish band]] [[Mägo de Oz]].

* The term "nü-metal", used to describe [[nu metal]] with added umlautness.

* Gay heavy metal band/cabaret act [[Pink Stëël]] have two ''consecutive'' gratuitous umlauts, the first such instance in a band name.

* The library/scifi metal band [[Blöödhag]] also have consecutive gratuitous umlauts.

* Seattle Spaz-core band BLOÜD WÜLF.

* The [[Devin Townsend]] punk parody project [[Punky Brüster]].

* The Canadian thrash band [[Voivod (band)|Voïvod]]'s second album from 1986 was titled ''RRRÖÖÖAAARRR''. This album title actually has three consecutive gratuitous umlauts. The band's name has an umlaut over the I, but this may be acting as a diæresis. Their fourth album was entitled [[Dimension Hatröss]], placing another umlaut in the title.

* The Finnish hardcore punk band [[Ümlaut]] (this use is almost a [[self-reference]]).

* The art metal band (also referred to as death metal) Ümlaut[http://home.earthlink.net/~umlaut] parodies the form while producing a serious CD & DVD set (Ümlaut: ültimate über death metal)[http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/umlaut] with spoken word by the poet-vampyre Jiri Cech[http://home.earthlink.net/~jiricech].

* [[Zee (band)|Zee]], a short-lived band formed by [[Pink Floyd]] keyboard player [[Richard Wright (musician)|Richard Wright]] and [[Dave Harris (musician)|Dave Harris]], made excessive use of gratuitous umlauts on their 1984 album ''[[Identity (album)|Identity]]'' which included song titles such as "Cönfüsiön" and "Höw Dö Yöü Dö It".

* The [[kibology]] inspired, [[Usenet]]-based quasi-band [[Interröbang Cartel]], containing, in addition to its heavy metal umlaut, another exotic typographical reference, to the [[interrobang]] character.

* The Spanish EBM duo [[Culture Kultür]].

* The album "Paradÿsso", recorded by Spanish rock band [[Sôber]], who added a gratuitous circumflex after changing their name from Sober Stoned.

* Chuck Dukowski of [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]] was previously in Würm

* Heavy Metal spoofers Insidiöus Törment revitalize the umlaut by placing it at strategically hard to pronounce vowels.

* Experimental group [[Grotus]] spell their name with an umlaut over each consonant, leaving the vowels unembellished.

* The dance music record label [[nocturnal groove]] has an umlaut on the n.

* [[Hungary|Hungarian]] ''black n' roll'' band [[Korog]] has a gratuitous umlaut over the letter ''r'' in their name, which actually means "it rumbles" and is a verb that is used exclusively to describe the sound of a hungry person's stomach.

* Italian metal band [[Labyrinth (band)|Labyrinth]] used to call themselves Labÿrinth until 2003.

* Minneapolis punk pioneers of the 1980s, [[Hüsker Dü]], whose name comes from a Danish board game (the [[Husker Du|original game]] does not have umlauts). The name of the board game comes from the Danish interrogative clause "Husker du?" (without Umlaut), which means "Do you remember?" ('you' = first person singular, not plural).

* English [[ceilidh]] band Stömp [http://www.stompceilidh.co.uk] has an umlaut on the o. According to the band's website [http://www.stompceilidh.co.uk/html/the_umlaut.html] this is to avoid confusion with the Stomp dance troupe [http://www.stomponline.com/home.html].

* The [[Spain|Spanish]] pop band [[Nosoträsh]].

* Demoscene group [[Ümlaüt Design]] has two self-referential gratuitous umlauts. The group also prefers the alternate pronounciation.

* Seattle "splatter rock" band The Accüsed

* The spine of the DVD A Long Days Night reads Blue Oÿster Cult.

===Other characters===

* The German punk band [[Die Ärzte]] used three dots over the "A" in ''Ärzte'' to distinguish from its normal spelling with "Ä" (double dot) umlaut. This can be represented in Unicode: {{unicode|Die A⃛rzte}}. The three dots may stand for the three band members.

* A three-dot umlaut has also been seen in artwork for [[King Creosote]], over the i, as ''Ki⃛ng Cresote''.

* The American thrash band [[Lååz Rockit]] actually used the letter "[[å]]" gratuitously in their logo, but the umlaut ("Lääz Rockit") in some press releases.

* The French band [[Magma (band)|Magma]] used a [[constructed language|fictional language]], the Kobaïan, for its lyrics. The umlaut appeared in several album titles, such as ''Mekanïk Destruktïw Kommandöh'' and ''Köhntarkösz''. However, this umlaut does affect pronunciation, and thus cannot be considered gratuitous. Kobaian also uses a three-dot diacritic over some letters in song titles, and an original letter that seems to be a cursive [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] of "ie", which never appears without an umlaut.

* The English [[indie rock]] band [[Maxïmo Park]] also uses a double dotted "i" in its name.

* The [[Accent (linguistics)|accent]]s and [[cedilla]] in the name of the French electronica band [[Rinôçérôse]] are also gratuitous.

*[[William Orbit|William Ørbit]].

* The dark folk / experimental / occult band [[Death In June]] used umlauts (and in the second case, even accented e's) in the original releases of their albums ''The Wörld Thät Sümmer'' (1985) and ''Thé Wäll Öf Säcrificé'' (1989) - and, on these releases, also in the band name, leading to ''Deäth In Jüne'' and ''Déäth In Jüné'', respectively.

*the Japanese rock group [[BOØWY]].

* The Canadian rock band [[ÄlExBénnétt]], with the umlaut over the A, and the Two E's. Strangely, they have no affect on the pronunciation of the name.

* [[Perl]] developer (Terry) Brian Ingerson legally changed his name to Ingy döt Net, to match his ___domain name. [http://blog.ingy.net/2005/11/the_ingy_formerly_known_as_bri.html]

===Non-gratuitous umlauts===

* The US [[punk rock|punk]]/[[alternative rock]] band [[Hüsker Dü]] took their name from a [[Husker Du? (game)|children's memory game]], which added [[macron]]s over each u in the phrase, replacing these macrons with umlauts. Without the umlauts, "husker du" is a [[Danish language|Danish]] and [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] phrase meaning "Do you remember".

* The name of the [[Toronto, Ontario]] area folk-pop/geek-rock band [[Moxy Früvous]] is pronounced with long-u, "Fruuvous", so this is perhaps not gratuitous.

* The [[Florida]] [[goth]]/[[darkwave]] band [[The Crüxshadows]], is also pronounced with long-u, "Cruu-shadows", so this is also perhaps not gratuitous.

* The [[heavy metal (music)|heavy metal]] band [[Trojan (band)|Trojan]] used umlauts in their name on the 1985 release ''Chasing the Storm''. For [[Sweden|Swedes]] the tour T-shirts from this time are particularly amusing, as "Tröjan" in Swedish translates as "the shirt".

* The [[Rhode Island]] "futurock" band [[Grüvis Malt]] have an umlaut in their name, but it may not be gratuitous, since it clarifies the pronunciation as "oo" rather than "uh".

*The [[San Francisco]] band [[Children of Umlaut]] do not in fact have an umlaut in their name.

* The Icelandic artist [[Björk]] Guðmundsdóttir is using her birth name.

* The [[Ä]] in the Finnish heavily [[Manowar (band)|Manowar]]-influenced heavy metal band [[Teräsbetoni]] ''(reinforced concrete)'' is not gratuitous; while ''teräs'' means [[steel]] in Finnish, ''teras'' is not even a word.

* The [[J-Rock|Japanese rock]] band [[Lä-ppisch]] derives its name from the German colloquialism ''läppisch'', meaning "negligible".

* The Danish [[spoof band]] [[Insidiöus Törment]] feature 2 umlauts in their name, though whether they are gratuitous or not is up for debate. The first functions as the umlaut in Motörhead, arguably indicating the use of the [[schwa]] (Ə) in pronunciation (in both names), whereas the second -— contrary to common practice —- influences the pronunciation of "torment" so that it becomes "tørment"—using the [[Danish language|Danish]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] or [[Faroese]] vowel of [[ø]].

* The Haïti Twoubadou current in [[Haitian music]] represents another legitimate use of umlauts in a musical title, because it indicates separate pronunciation of two adjacent vowels. (In [[Haitian Creole language|Haitian Creole]], ''Haïti'' is pronounced ah-ee-tee or ah-ee-tsee, with the former also being the standard [[French language|French]] pronunciation.)

* Norwegian electronica duo [[Röyksopp]] spell their name with a Swedish-influenced [[ö]] rather than the proper Norwegian [[ø]]; however, the umlaut is not gratuitous, as 'røyksopp' is Norwegian for 'smoke mushroom'.

* Another German band, [[Einstürzende Neubauten]] ''(collapsing new buildings)'', features an umlaut where, in German, there ought to be one.

* Two of the eight correct spellings of the [[discordian]] project [[Die Epheser]] include wrong umlauts.

* The correctly umlauted name of the German folk band [[Bläck Fööss]] means ''bare feet'' in [[Kölsch (dialect)|Kölsch]], a German dialect.

* Belgian experimental electronics act Köhn from the Belgian [[post-rock]] band [[de portables]] uses the umlaut excessively in his song titles. All the words are (West-)Flemish wordgames and are made up. Their purpose is to mock the seriousness and intellectualism that is attached to "difficult" electronic music, e.g., Möhik Bin pronounced in West-Flemish dialect means "Can I come in". A selection: Zwöhn, Köhning, Kröhn, öhnöch, Köh-köh-köh-kök, Dröhn, Söng, Döhre, Mendelköhn, Niplöhn, Dedzu!, Plöhs, Nigewöhne, Vlaamse Röhs, Öhresong, Könöhn, Zwähftähf, Klöhrgöhr, Föhnen, Mendelssöhn, Köhnepijp, Köhtels, Nöhk, Köhnepoht, Köhnetand, Böhnhahs, Köhnflict, Swöhr L, Kallkühn, Akkönnkönk, Püberiosum and Möhik Bin?

==See also==

* [[Foreign branding]] ([[Häagen-Dazs]], Fahrvergnügen)

* [[Corna|Devil horns]] heavy metal hand signal

* [[Faux Cyrillic]] (Faцx Cyяillic) ([[Linkin Park|Liиkiи Park]])

* [[Leet]]

* [[Language game]]

* [[word play]]

* [[ISO-8859-1]]

==Sources==

*{{cite book|author=Garofalo, Rebee|title=Rockin' Out: Popular Music in the USA|publisher=Allyn & Bacon|year=1997|id=ISBN 0205137032}}

==Notes==

#{{note|Garofalo}} Garofalo, pg. 292 <small>''Some groups, for example Blue Öyster Cult and Motörhead, added gratuitous umlauts to their names to conjure up a more generic gothic horror, a practice that continued into the 1980s with Mötley Crüe and others.''

==External links and references==

*[http://www.spiraling.com/words/umlaut.html Hell Holes: Spinal Tap's main man explains the importance of the umlaut] (Lisa Gidley, ''CMJ'', 2000)

* ''[http://arrivistepress.com/salmondheavymetal0503page1.shtml My Life in Heavy Metal]'' by Steve Almond (excerpt)

* [http://www.rockdots.com/thedots.html The Döts] (Dave Krinsky)

* [http://www.clicknation.com/snoof/stuff/umlaut.pdf Would you like umlauts with that?] (PDF) by Bruce Campbell

* [http://www.pvponline.com/archive.php3?archive=20041106 PvP Online: Djörk]

* [http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2005/01/22.html#a1156 Heavy Metal Umlaut: The Movie] Story of this page (by [[Jon Udell]])

* [http://liff.comegetsome.at/search.php?browsed=1&searchme=Doetinchem The Heavy Metal Umlaut in the Liff Dictionary]

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