Gonzaga University and Bohemianism: Difference between pages

Revision as of 03:32, 3 March 2006

Revision as of 14:38, 24 June 2007

Line 1:

{{otheruses|Bohemian (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox University2|

name = Gonzaga University |

image = [[Image:gonzagauniversityseal.jpg]] |

motto = ''Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam'' |

established = [[1887]] |

type = [[Private]] |

head = Fr. Robert Spitzer |

city = [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] |

state = [[Washington]] |

country = [[United States]] |

undergrad = 3,945 |

postgrad = 1,098 |

postgrad_label = graduate |

faculty = 299 |

campus = Urban, 108 acres |

free_label = Conference |

free = [[West Coast Conference]] |

mascot = Bulldogs/Zags |

homepage = [http://www.gonzaga.edu/ www.gonzaga.edu]}}

'''Gonzaga University''' is a private, co-educational university located in [[Spokane, Washington]]. Founded in 1887 by the [[Society of Jesus]], it is one of 28 member institutions of the [[Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities]] and was named after the patron saint of youth, [[Aloysius Gonzaga]]. The campus has 88 buildings scattered along 108 acres (437,000 m²) of grassy land along the [[Spokane River]], in a residential setting one-half mile from downtown Spokane.

The term '''bohemian''' was first used in the [[nineteenth century]] to describe the non-traditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished [[artist]]s, [[writer]]s, [[musician]]s, and [[actor]]s in major European cities. The bohemian lifestyle is often associated with cafés, coffeehouses, [[Recreational drug use|drug use]] (particularly [[opium]]), [[alcoholism]], and [[absinthe]]. Bohemians were associated with unorthodox or antiestablishment political or social viewpoints, which were expressed through extramarital and probably as well marital sexual relations and frugality and/or '[[simple living|voluntary poverty]]'.

Gonzaga's liberal arts tradition lies in its core curriculum, which integrates philosophy, theology, mathematics, literature, natural and social sciences, and extensive writing in students' major disciplines. In addition, Gonzaga offers programs in preparation to professional schools in dentistry, law, medicine, nursing and veterinary medicine. Gonzaga also sponsors an Army ROTC program. Students may study abroad at Gonzaga's campus in [[Florence, Italy]], or at other programs in England, France, Spain, Japan, China and Mexico. Biology majors have options for field studies in Australia, Baja-Mexico, British West Indies, Costa Rica and Kenya.

The term emerged in [[France]] in the 1800s when artists and creators began to concentrate in the lower-rent, lower class [[Roma people|gypsy]] neighbourhoods. The term "Bohemian" reflects a belief, widely held in France at the time, that the Gypsies had come from [[Bohemia]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}

The annual 2004-05 budget is listed on the university's website as being $100.43 million, with an annual payroll of $47.40 million. Average class size is 25, and there are 299 employed faculty. There are 44 Jesuits on campus, as well as 582 non-faculty employees. Enrollment in totality is estimated to be about 5,826 (about 3,945 undergraduate) students. Gonzaga's Law School, thought to be among the top in the northwest United States, currently has 627 students enrolled.

==Origin of term==

Gonzaga University has been routinely ranked 4th in the U.S. News rankings for Universities-Master's in the West [http://www.gonzaga.edu/NR/exeres/B84931A1-EAB2-4290-AB1B-A198C02B69DF.htm].

Literary ''Bohemians'' were associated in the French imagination with roving Gypsies, outsiders apart from conventional society and untroubled by its disapproval. The term carries a connotation of arcane enlightenment (the opposite of '[[Philistinism|Philistines]]'), and also carries a less frequently intended, pejorative connotation of carelessness about personal hygiene and marital orthodoxy. The Spanish gypsy in the French opera '' [[Carmen]]'' set in [[Seville]], is referred to as a ''bohémienne'' in Meilhac and Halévy's libretto (1875).

:"The term 'Bohemian' has come to be very commonly accepted in our day as the description of a certain kind of literary gypsy, no matter in what language he speaks, or what city he inhabits .... A Bohemian is simply an artist or ''[[littérateur]]'' who, consciously or unconsciously, secedes from conventionality in life and in art." (''Westminster Review'', 1862<ref>Noted at [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bohemian Online Etymology Dictionary.]</ref>)

==Famous alumni==

Both singer [[Bing Crosby]] and former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Tom Foley]] attended Gonzaga. Washington governor [[Christine Gregoire]], the state's first female state attorney general, and [[George Nethercutt]], former Representative and 2004 Republican candidate for US Senate, are alumni of Gonzaga Law School. In a recent election cycle in Washington state there was at least one Gonzaga graduate in almost every race, highlighting the quality of the university's education and the graduates that it produces. Along with various other well known politcal figures (ranging from senators to representatives to mayors to governors) Gonzaga also has many graduates who serve as judges - such as supreme court judges - along with a long line of distinguished individuals within the legal profession.

[[Henri Murger]]'s collection of short stories, ''[[La Vie de Bohème|Scènes de la Vie de Bohème]]'' ("Scenes of Bohemian Life"), published in 1845, popularized the term's usage in France. Ideas from Murger's collection formed the theme of [[Giacomo Puccini]]'s [[opera]] ''[[La bohème]]'' (1896). Puccini's work, in turn, became [[Jonathan Larson]]'s source material for the [[Musical theatre|musical]] he created, ''[[Rent (musical)|Rent]]'', later a [[Rent (film)|feature film of the same name]]. Like Puccini, Larson explores a Bohemian enclave in a dense urban area, in this case, [[New York City]] at the end of the [[20th century]]. The show features a song, ''[[La Vie Boheme|La Vie Bohème]]'', which celebrates [[postmodern]] Bohemian culture.

The [[Chad Mitchell Trio]], a folk group famous in the 1960s, met at Gonzaga.

In English, ''Bohemian'' in this sense was initially popularized in [[William Makepeace Thackeray]]'s novel, ''[[Vanity Fair]]'', published in [[1848]], although public perceptions of the alternative life-styles supposedly led by artists were chiefly moulded by [[George du Maurier|George du Maurier's]] highly romanticised best-selling novel of Bohemian culture [[Trilby (novel)|''Trilby'']] (1894). The novel purports to outline the fortunes of three expatriate English artists, their Irish model, and two very colourful Eastern European musicians, in the artist's quarter of Paris.

Among sports figures, [[John Stockton]] of [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s [[Utah Jazz]] fame; the [[Boston Celtics]]' [[Dan Dickau]]; the [[Minnesota Timberwolves]]' [[Richie Frahm]]; [[Los Angeles Lakers]]' [[Ronny Turiaf]]; [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] outfielder and [[2004]] [[National League]] [[MLB Rookie of the Year Award|Rookie of the Year]] [[Jason Bay]]; and [[Major League Soccer|MLS]] and [[United States men's national soccer team|U.S. international]] [[football (soccer)|soccer]] player [[Brian Ching]] are all graduates.

Academics and theorists have been slow to diagnose Bohemianism as against the more abrasive, and politically non-conformist [[Avant-gardism]]. The most serious study of the tendency has been ''Among the Bohemians: Experiments in Living 1900–1939'' (2002) by the English writer [[Virginia Nicholson]] (granddaughter of the [[Bloomsbury Group|Bloomsbury]] aesthete [[Clive Bell]] and his wife, the English painter [[Vanessa Bell]]). Her work systematically analysed the Bohemian lifestyle led by a broad and diverse wave of artists, writers and musicians over the early- to mid-twentieth century, showing that they were indeed unified via a set of commonly-held attitudes towards money, sex and relationships, child-rearing, beauty, clothing and personal presentation, cuisine, personal cleanliness, travel, and social mores.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nicholson, Virginia|title=Among the Bohemians: Experiments in Living 1900–1939|publisher=Viking|year=2002|id=ISBN 0-670-88966-0}}</ref>

==Sports==

Gonzaga University, officially nicknamed the ''Bulldogs'' but often called the ''Zags'', is part of the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Division I [[West Coast Conference]]. Its men's basketball team, which did not make its first appearance in the [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA tournament]] until 1995 (more than a decade after John Stockton graduated), has become nationally prominent since making the regional finals of the NCAA tournament ("Elite Eight") in 1999.

[[Image:Renoir LiseBohemian.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], ''The Bohemian'' (or ''Lise the Bohemian''), 1868, oil on canvas, Berlin, Germany: [[Nationalgalerie]]]]

Gonzaga University [[basketball]] games are now held in the newly constructed [[McCarthey Athletic Center]], in which the Gonzaga men's basketball team has never lost. Before the McCarthey Center was built, the Bulldogs played occasional high-profile nonconference games off campus at the larger [[Spokane Veterans Memorial Arena|Spokane Arena]]; today, the only game regularly played there is the annual meeting with local rival [[Eastern Washington University|Eastern Washington]]. Coming in into and during 2005/2006 NCAA Division I season, Gonzaga men's basketball team has won 38 consecutive home games, which holds up as the largest home winning streak in the nation. They have also won 23 consecutive games against other WCC teams.

==People==

Two of Gonzaga's most notable athletes are basketball players, [[center (basketball)|center]] [[J.P. Batista]] and Player of the year candidate [[small forward|forward]] [[Adam Morrison]], regarded for his likeness to Hall of Famer [[Larry Bird]] and his infamous [[moustache]]. The [[head coach]] is [[Mark Few]]. Few has been the [[West Coast Conference]] coach of the year in every year since 2001.

The term has become associated with various artistic or academic communities and is used as a generalized adjective describing such people, environs, or situations: ''bohemian'' (''boho'' - informal) is defined in ''The American College Dictionary'' as "a person with artistic or intellectual tendencies, who lives and acts with no regard for conventional rules of behavior."

Many prominent European and American figures of the last 150 years belonged to the bohemian [[counterculture]], and any comprehensive 'list of bohemians' would be tediously long. Bohemianism has been approved of by some [[bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] writers such as [[Honoré de Balzac]], but most conservative cultural critics do not condone bohemian lifestyles. Ironically enough, bohemianism by definition can only exist within a framework of conservative values.

Gonzaga University also has a dominant ROTC Ranger Challenge team who, until this year, hadn't lost in over 9 years.

Noted [[New York Times]] [[columnist]] [[David Brooks (journalist)|David Brooks]] contends that much of the cultural ethos of upper-class Americans is Bohemian-derived, coining the paradoxical term "Bourgeois Bohemians" or "[[Bobos in Paradise|Bobos]]."<ref>{{cite book|author=Brooks, David|title=Bobos in Paradise: The New Upper Class and How They Got There|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=2001|id=ISBN 0-684-85378-7}}</ref>

Like many smaller private universities, Gonzaga discontinued its [[American Football|football]] program during [[World War II]], due to declining enrollment, but not before producing [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]rs [[Tony Canadeo]] and [[Ray Flaherty]].

[[The Bombshell Manual of Style]] author, Laren Stover, breaks down the Bohemian into five distinct mind-sets/styles in *[[Bohemian Manifesto]]: A Field Guide to Living on the Edge] "<ref>{{cite book|author=Stover, Laren|title=Bohemian Manifesto: A Field Guide to Living on the edge|publisher=Bulfinch Press=2004|id=ISBN 0-8212-2890-0}}</ref> The Bohemian is "not easily classified like species of birds," writes Stover, noting that there are crossovers and hybrids. The five types are: Nouveau, Gypsy, Beat, Zen and Dandy.

==Campus politics==

Gonzaga University students are politically divided, but tend to have a reputation for liberal values in social and political affairs. Although other universities may have a more pronounced liberal tilt, half of all students who voted cast their ballots for [[John Kerry]] and the percentage of students self-identifying as liberals is slightly larger than self-described conservatives. {see below}.

==Bohemian communities past and present==

The students have a reputation for being fairly active in regard to politics (in comparison to other academic institutions). Boasting a nationally renowned faculty, along with various famous political figures, Gonzaga's political-science department is regarded as one of the better programs in the [[United States]]. In addition, the [[College Republicans]], [[Young Democrats]] and Campus Libertarians all boast club membership to be in the several hundreds.

{{unreferenced|date=March 2007}}

By extension, ''Bohemia'' meant any place where one could live and work cheaply, and behave unconventionally; a community of free souls beyond the pale of respectable society. Several cities and neighbourhoods came to be associated with bohemianism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: [[Montmartre]] and [[Montparnasse]] in [[Paris]]; [[Greenwich Village]], [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] and the [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]] in [[New York City]]; [[Provincetown, Massachusetts]]; [[Allston, Massachusetts]]; [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]]; [[Venice Beach]], [[California]]; [[North Beach, San Francisco, California|North Beach]], [[Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco, California|Haight-Ashbury]], and the [[Mission District, San Francisco, California|Mission District]] in [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]; [[Bucktown]] & [[Wicker Park]] in [[Chicago]]; the [[French Quarter]] in [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans]]; [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], [[Bedford Park]], [[Camden Town]], [[Fitzrovia]] and [[Soho]] in [[London]]; [[Schwabing]] in [[Munich]]; [[Ipanema]] and [[Leblon]] in [[Rio de Janeiro]]; [[Skadarlija]] in [[Belgrade]]; [[Lavapiés]] in [[Madrid]]; [[Isola]] and [[Colonne di San Lorenzo]] in [[Milan]].

Current bohemias include: [[SoFo]] [[Södermalm]] in [[Stockholm]], Szentendre and [[Budapest]] in [[Hungary]], [[Prenzlauer Berg]], [[Kreuzberg]] and [[Friedrichshain]] in [[Berlin]], [[Barranco]] in [[Lima]], [[Peru]]; [[Kallio]] in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]; [[Dali, Yunnan province|Dali]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]]; [[Chiang Rai]] in [[Thailand]]; [[Kathmandu]] in [[Nepal]]; [[Amsterdam]] in the [[Netherlands]]; [[Prague]] in the [[Czech Republic]]; [[Užupis]] in [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]], and [[Vama Veche]] in [[Romania]]. In [[Australia]], there is [[North Adelaide]] (in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]]), [[Newtown, New South Wales|Newtown]] in [[Sydney]] and [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]] in [[Melbourne]]. [[Canada|Canadian]] examples include Osbourne Village in [[Winnipeg]], [[The Junction]] and [[Kensington Market]] in [[Toronto]] and [[Mile End (Montreal)|Mile End]] in [[Montreal]]. In [[Mexico]], there is [[Coyoacán]], [[Roma (Mexico City)|Roma]] and [[Condesa]], and in [[Argentina]], there is [[San Telmo]]. In the [[United Kingdom]] there is [[Deptford]], [[Camden Town]], [[New Cross]], [[South East London]], [[Cornwall|West Cornwall]] (as most evidenced in certain theatre professionals in the region) and the market town of [[Totnes]], which is considered to be a high example of bohemia in the UK. More recently Camden, and in particular Camden market has also become to be associated with "bohemian" behavior.

Using [[Facebook]], on November 26th, 2005, the 2,360 students that list their political orientation and currenlty attend Gonzaga University described themselves as such:

In the [[United States]], the bohemian impulse can be seen in the 1960s [[hippie]] movement [[counterculture]] (which was in turn informed by the [[Beat generation]] via writers such as [[William Burroughs]], [[Allen Ginsberg]] and [[Jack Kerouac]]). Major U.S. cities often have bohemian areas such as [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn]] in [[New York City]] as well as [[Dupont Circle]] and [[Adams Morgan]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Some entire U.S. cities, often those associated with universities and elite liberal arts colleges, may have a Bohemian reputation or image; examples include [[Bellingham, WA]], [[Berkeley, CA]], [[Cambridge, MA]], [[Eugene, OR]], [[Arcata, CA]], [[Santa Cruz, CA]], [[Boulder, CO]], [[Columbia, MO]] [[Madison, WI]], [[Carrboro, NC]], [[Asheville, NC]], [[Ann Arbor, MI]], [[New Paltz, NY]], [[Athens, OH]], [[Princeton, NJ]], [[Winter Park, FL]], [[Oberlin, OH]], [[Missoula, MT]], [[Burlington, VT]], [[Brattleboro, VT]] and [[Madison, WI]]. Other U.S. cities may have a thriving bohemian community but not a bohemian image, such as [[Portland, OR]], [[Somerville, MA]], [[Norman, OK]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando, FL]], [[Austin, TX]] or [[Allentown, Buffalo, New York|Allentown]] in [[Buffalo, NY]].

*[[Far-left|Very Liberal]] (5.16%)

*[[Liberal]] (27.75%)

*Moderate (27.88%)

*[[Conservative]] (26.23%)

*[[Far-right|Very Conservative]] (2.11%)

*[[Libertarian]] (1.82%)

*Other (6.31%)

*[[Apathetic]] (2.71%)

One of the ironies of these neo-bohemian communities in the United States is their tendency towards rapid [[gentrification]] and the commercialization and decay of the bohemian culture that provided the initial attractive character of the community.<ref>{{cite book|author=Mele, Christopher|title=Selling the Lower East Side|publisher=Univ of Minnesota|year=2000|id=ISBN 0-8166-3182-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Lloyd, Richard|title=Neo-Bohemia|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|id=ISBN 0-415-95182-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Cash, Stephanie|title=“Landlords put a squeeze on Brooklyn artists.”|journal=Art in America|volume=89|issue=3|pages=39–40}}</ref>

==External links==

* http://www.gonzaga.edu Official school site

* http://www.gozags.com Official athletics site

The [[Rainbow Family of Living Light]] and associated [[Rainbow Gathering]]s may be seen as another contemporary worldwide expression of the bohemian impulse.<ref>{{cite book|author=Niman, Michael I.|title=People of the Rainbow: A Nomadic Utopia|publisher=The University of Tennessee Press|year=1997|id=ISBN 0-87049-988-2}}</ref>

{{West Coast Conference}}

[[Category:Gonzaga University| ]]

==Notes==

[[Category:Jesuit universities and colleges in the United States]]

{{reflist|2}}

==In popular culture==

*[[Aki Kaurismäki]]'s movie [[Boheemielämää]](La vie de bohème), based on the play [[La vie de bohème]] by [[Henri Murger]].

*[[Jonathan Larson]]'s [[Broadway theatre|Broadway musical]] and film ''[[Rent (film)|Rent]]'', based on Puccini's ''[[La bohème]]'', depicts the Bohemian culture of [[New York City]] in the [[1980s]]. One of the feature numbers, ''[[La Vie Boheme]]'', addresses the ''death of bohemia'' as an end of the neighborhood as a haven for these bohemians, while celebrating the ideals and history that formed this [[counterculture]].

* The movie ''[[Moulin Rouge!]]'' by [[Baz Luhrmann]] bears relation to the opera La bohème and includes many references to the Bohemian subculture.

*[[Queen (band)|Queen]]'s song, "[[Bohemian Rhapsody]]," a rock opera.

* The fashion for so-called "Bohemian" or [[boho-chic|"boho" chic]] in the early 21st century included a number of elements from earlier eras.

*[[The Dandy Warhols]]' album, "[[Thirteen Tales From Urban Bohemia]]," as well as their biggest hit, "Bohemian Like You."

*[[Get Cape. Wear Cape. Fly]]'s album "[[The Chronicles of a Bohemian Teenager]]."

* [[The Thrills]]' album "[[Let's Bottle Bohemia]]."

* [[Bohemia (beer)|Bohemia]] is also a popular export beer from [[Mexico]].

* [[The Fourth Doctor]] on the extremely popular [[BBC]] sci-fi TV show, [[Doctor Who]], is called a bohemian. An example is in the [[Destiny of the Doctors]] videogame for the computer where [[The Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]] calls the Fouth Doctor this.

*A [[Canadian Beer]] is called Bohemian or BOH for short

*[[Bohemian Manifesto]], A Field Guide to Living on the Edge, examines the seductive qualities of Bohemian style and culture. It playfully deconstructs the five types of Bohemians today and offers a quiz.

*In [[Matt Ruff]]'s book [[Fool on the Hill]] a fraternity is called "The Bohemians".

==See also==

*[[Avant-garde]]

*[[Art colony|Art colonies]]

*[[Beat generation]]

*[[Bohemian style]]

*[[Edie Brickell & New Bohemians]]

*[[Counterculture]]

*[[Goth subculture|Goth]]

*[[HAIR]]

*[[Hippie]]

*[[Hipster]]

*[[Indie (culture)]]

*[[Jianghu]]

*[[Literary Kicks]]

*''[[Metropia]]''

*''[[Moulin Rouge!]]''

*[[Punk subculture]]

*[[Rainbow Gathering]]

*[[Rent (musical)|''Rent'']]

*[[Simple living]]

*[[Slumming]]

*[[Squatter]]

*[[Subculture]]

==External link==

* [http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255-s01/boheme/evolution.html ''Bohemianism and Counter-Culture'']

* [http://www.e-bohemia.com ''e-bohemia :: A Community Of Free Souls'']

{{romanticism}}

[[Category:Cultural movements]]

[[Category:Romanticism]]

[[Category:Subcultures]]

[[Category:Underground]]

[[ar:بوهيمية]]

[[cs:Bohémství]]

[[de:Bohème]]

[[et:Boheemlane]]

[[el:Μποέμ]]

[[es:Bohemia (cultura)]]

[[fr:Bohème]]

[[he:בוהמה]]

[[nl:Bohemien]]

[[ja:ボヘミアニズム]]

[[no:Bohem]]

[[pl:Bohema]]

[[ru:Богема]]

[[sr:Боем]]

[[fi:Boheemi]]

[[sv:Bohem]]

[[zh:波希米亞主義]]