Warcraft and Pope Benedict IX: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 19:21, 24 June 2007

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{{Infobox Pope|

{{portalpar|Warcraft}}

English name=Benedict IX|

image=[[Image:B Benedikt IX.jpg|150px]]|

birth_name=Theophylactus|

term_start=1. October, [[1032]]<br />2. April, [[1045]]<br />3. November, [[1047]]|

term_end=1. September, [[1044]]<br />2. May, [[1045]]<br />3. July, [[1048]]|

predecessor=1. [[Pope John XIX|John XIX]]<br />2. [[Pope Sylvester III|Sylvester III]]<br />3. [[Pope Clement II|Clement II]]|

successor=1. [[Pope Sylvester III|Sylvester III]]<br />2. [[Pope Gregory VI|Gregory VI]]<br />3. [[Pope Damasus II|Damasus II]]|

birth_date=c. [[1012]]|

birthplace=[[Rome]], [[Italy]]|

dead=dead|death_date=[[1055]], [[1065]], or [[1085]]|

deathplace=[[Grottaferrata]], [[Italy]]|

other=Benedict}}

'''Pope Benedict IX''' (c. [[1012]]&ndash;[[1055]], [[1065]], or [[1085]]), born '''Theophylactus''', was [[Pope]] from [[1032]] to [[1044]], again in [[1045]], and finally from [[1047]] to [[1048]], the only man to have served as Pope for three discontinuous periods. He was also one of the youngest Popes.

The '''Warcraft Universe''' is the [[fictional universe]] in which the ''[[Warcraft]]'' series of computer games, novels and announced movie are set. Known worlds of this [[fantasy]] universe include [[Azeroth (world)|Azeroth]] (homeworld of most of the known races in the universe, due to this being where most of the content takes place), [[Draenor]] (now known as Outland, homeworld of the [[Orc (Warcraft)|Orc]]s), Argus (homeworld of the [[Races in the Warcraft universe |Eredar]]), and Xoroth, one of worlds destroyed by the [[Burning Legion]], homeworld of the [[Races in the Warcraft universe |Nathrezim]]. As the name implies, the Warcraft Universe largely revolves around conflict.

==Biography==

Benedict was born in [[Rome]], the son of [[Alberic III]], [[Count of Tusculum]], and the nephew of [[Pope Benedict VIII]] (1012&ndash;1024) and [[Pope John XIX]] (1024&ndash;1032). His father obtained the Papal chair for him, granting it to his son in October 1032.

According to the ''[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]''<ref>{{1913CE|Pope Benedict IX}}</ref> and other sources, Benedict IX was around 18 to 20 years old when made pontiff, although some sources claim 11 or 12. He reportedly led an extremely dissolute life, and also allegedly had few qualifications for the papacy other than connections with a socially powerful family, although in terms of [[theology]] and the ordinary activities of the Church he was entirely orthodox. [[Pietro Damiani|St. Peter Damian]] described him as "feasting on immorality" and "a demon from hell in the disguise of a priest" in the [[Peter Damian#Liber Gomorrhianus and Hildebrand's reforms|Liber Gomorrhianus]], a treatise on papal corruption and sex that accused Benedict IX of routine homosexuality and bestiality.

He was also accused by Bishop Benno of Piacenza of "many vile adulteries and murders." [[Pope Victor III]] referred to "his rapes, murders and other unspeakable acts. His life as a Pope so vile, so foul, so execrable, that I shudder to think of it."{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

==Geography==

The Warcraft Universe includes many worlds, connected by a chaotic vortex called the Twisting Nether. Travel between these worlds is a rare event, but it can be achieved by so-called portals.

He was briefly forced out of Rome in 1036 and needed the support of Emperor [[Conrad II]] (1024&ndash;1039) to return. In September 1044 he was forced from the city again and replaced by [[Pope Sylvester III]] (1045), who is sometimes considered an [[antipope]], though generally Benedict's abdication for a financial reward is recognized as valid. Benedict IX's forces returned in April 1045 and expelled his rival. There is debate as to whether Sylvester validly acquiesced to his deposition, and thus as to who was true pope from this point until the reign of Pope Clement II when Sylvester had definitely accepted abdication. However, Benedict's second term as Pope is often recognized as valid. Benedict IX then resigned in May 1045, possibly to [[marriage|marry]], [[simony|selling his office]] to [[priest]] John Gratian, his [[Godparent|godfather]] (possibly for over 650 kg /1450 lb <!-- troy or avoirdupois? --> of [[gold]]). Gratian apparently became [[Pope Gregory VI]] (1045&ndash;46) in May, 1045, though if Sylvester never validly resigned, neither Benedict nor Gregory were true Pope during this period. Benedict IX apparently soon regretted the sale and returned to try to depose Gregory VI. Sylvester III also re-emerged to make a claim.

===[[Azeroth (world)|The World of Azeroth]]===

[[Image:World_of_Warcraft_with_Cities.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|Map of the planet Azeroth as it appears in the game ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' (Note: The map does not include the continent of Northrend at the north pole as it is not a reachable area within World of Warcraft)]]

[[Image:Warcraft-universe-warcraftII.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Map of Azeroth as it appears in ''Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness''.]]

[[Image:Azeroth-world-map-warcraft1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Kingdom of Azeroth]] as seen in ''[[Warcraft: Orcs and Humans]]''.]]

Benedict IX retook Rome and remained on the throne until July 1046, although Gregory VI continued to be recognized as the true Pope. Emperor [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]] (1039&ndash;1056) intervened, and at the [[Council of Sutri]] in December 1046 Benedict IX and Sylvester III were deprived of their offices and Gregory VI was encouraged to resign, which he did. Sylvester accepted this, but Benedict IX did not actually attend. The German Bishop Suidger was crowned [[Pope Clement II]] (1046&ndash;1047), which Benedict IX rejected, though his abdication to Gregory VI was incontrovertible. After Clement II died in October 1047, Pope Benedict IX seized the [[Lateran Palace]] in November 1047, but was driven away in July 1048. During this period he is generally recognized to have had his third term as true Pope. Poppo of Brixen finally drove him out for good and was elected as [[Pope Damasus II]] (1048). Benedict IX refused to appear on charges of [[simony]] in 1049 and was [[excommunication|excommunicated]]. Benedict is universally regarded to have validly acquiesced to his third deposition, and Damasus II is universally recognized as Pope.

Azeroth is an Earth-like planet, inhabited by a diverse array of species. Most of the action of the Warcraft games takes place on this planet. The world is divided into four large land masses, [[Kalimdor]], the [[Azeroth]], [[Lordaeron]] and [[Northrend]]. These land masses are interspersed with a multitude of islands, most notably the Broken Isles, the Echo Isles and the largely unknown island which contains the briefly mentioned Goblin city of Undermine. There may be more landmasses in the world of Azeroth that are as yet unexplored (however, despite popular belief, there is no cow level).

Benedict IX's eventual fate is obscure. He may have given up and [[papal abdication|resigned the pontificate]], dying around 1065 in the Abbey of [[Grottaferrata]]. Other sources say he died in 1085. [[Pope Leo IX]] (1049&ndash;1054) may have lifted the ban on him. Another report is that he continued to seek support for a return but died in January 1055 or 1056.

==== Capital cities ====

* [[Darnassus]] (Night Elves)

* [[Exodar]] (Draenei)

* [[Gnomeregan]] (Gnomes, radioactive)

* [[Ironforge]] (Dwarves and Gnome survivors)

* [[Orgrimmar]] (Orcs and Jungle Trolls)

* [[Silvermoon]] (Blood Elves)

* [[Stormwind]] (Humans and High Elf refugees)

* [[Thunder Bluff]] (Tauren)

* [[Undercity]] (Forsaken Undead, formerly known as Lordaeron)

* [[Undermine]] (Goblins)

* [[Zul'Gurub]] (Trolls, under the control of [[Hakkar]] the Soulflayer)

* [[Azjol'Nerub]] ([[Nerubians]], abandoned)

* [[Gun'Drak]] ([[Ice Trolls]])

==References==

==== Nation-States of Humans ====

{{reflist}}

* [[Alterac]] (destroyed, under [[Ogres_(Warcraft)|Ogre]] control)

* [[Gilneas]] (situation unknown)

* [[Stromgarde]] (mostly destroyed, under mixed Syndicate/Renegade Ogre/Stromgarde Cavalry control)

* [[Dalaran]] (mostly destroyed, under restoration by few survivors)

* [[Locations in the Warcraft Universe#Kul.27Tiras|Kul'Tiras]] (Administrated by Tandred Proudmoore, situation unknown)

* [[Lordaeron]] (destroyed, now under mixed [[The Forsaken (Warcraft)|Forsaken]]/[[Scourge]] control)

* [[Azeroth]] (destroyed by orcish horde, now rebuilt and more commonly referred to as "The Kingdom of Stormwind")

* [[Theramore Isle]] (newest human nation, led by Jaina Proudmoore)

====See Major cities ==also==

*[[List of sexually active popes]]

* [[Dalaran]] (Effectively destroyed in Warcraft 3, few survivors erected a magical barrier to prepare for restoration/rebuilding)

*[[List of ages of popes]]

* [[Stratholme]] (Currently under mixed [[Scourge]]/[[Scarlet Crusade]] control)

* [[Andorhal]] (Destroyed in Warcraft 3, currently under Scourge Control)

* [[Tyr's Hand]] (Fell out of Alliance hands, into the control of the [[Scarlet Crusade]])

* [[Caer Darrow]] (Effectively destroyed, base for the Scourge's Cult of the Damned)

==== Minor Cities ====

* [[Hearthglen]] (Currently under [[Scarlet Crusade]] control)

* [[Darrowshire]] (inhabited by spirits)

* [[Everlook]] (Controlled by the Goblins of the Steamwheedle Cartel)

* [[Ratchet (Warcraft)|Ratchet]] (Controlled by the Goblins of the Steamwheedle Cartel)

* [[Gadgetzan]] (Controlled by the Goblins of the Steamwheedle Cartel)

* [[Booty Bay]] (Controlled by the Goblins of the Steamwheedle Cartel)

* [[Tol Barad]] (Controlled by Dalaran mages)

==== Major races ====

* [[Blood Elf|Blood Elves]]

* [[Burning Legion|Demons]] (Assorted Varieties)

* [[Draenei]]

* [[Dwarves (Warcraft)|Dwarves]]

* [[Gnome (Warcraft)|Gnomes]]

* [[Goblin (Warcraft)|Goblins]]

* [[High Elves (Warcraft)|High Elves]]

* [[Human (Warcraft)|Humans]]

* [[Naga (Warcraft)|Naga]]

* [[Nerubian]]

* [[Night Elf (Warcraft)|Night Elves]]

* [[Ogre (Warcraft)|Ogres]]

* [[Orcs (Warcraft)|Orcs]]

* [[Pandaren]]

* [[Tauren]]

* [[Troll (Warcraft)|Trolls]]

* [[Undead (Warcraft)|Undead]]

=== [[Draenor|The World of Draenor]] ===

[[Image:Warcraft-map-of-draenor-wariiexp.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Map of Draenor as seen from ''[[Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal]]''.]]

Draenor (referred to as Outland after its partial destruction) is a harsh world that glares in a reddish hue. The waters seem foul but this is misleading; the planet is capable of supporting life. It is the homeland of the [[Orc (Warcraft)|Orcs]] and other related races ([[Ogres (Warcraft)|Ogres]], Draenor Giants, and so) that invaded Azeroth through the rift called the Dark Portal. It is also the place where some of the greatest heroes in the history of Azeroth journeyed to and disappeared, now presumed dead. The energies of this and subsequent portals opened by the Shaman Ner'Zhul were so intense that the world was ripped apart and consists now of only floating islands suspended within the Twisting Nether. The world was originally a dense green swampland but the demonic corruption of the Orcs by the [[Burning Legion]] scarred the land so thoroughly that it was left as little more than a dusty wasteland. The dominant life forms of the world were once the [[Draenei]], that imigrated from Argus. [[Gul'dan]] the [[Warlock]] describes these beings as "a weak people -- hardly worth the effort of our raiding sweep." After the destruction of Draenor, a few Draenei, known as the Broken Ones, remained alive on Outland but their numbers were further crippled by the [[Fel Orcs]] led by the [[Pit Lord]] [[Magtheridon]] who had completely conquered the remains of the planet. It wasn't until [[Illidan Stormrage]] and his band of [[Blood Elves]] and [[Naga (Warcraft)|Naga]] arrived that the world was freed from Magtheridon's iron grip.

==== People of Draenor ====

Races native to the world of Draenor:

* [[Orc (Warcraft)|Orc]]s

* [[Ogres (Warcraft)|Ogres]]

* [[Giant (mythology)|Draenor Giants]]

Immigrated races of Draenor:

* [[Draenei]]

Note: The Draenor giants are rarely mentioned or referenced. The only reference to them was concerning the temples of the damned which were used by the Orcs in the Second War. The temples are made from the bones of the petrified corpses of a race of giants that were native to Draenor. Nothing else is known about them. The only mention of Draenor Humans (or a human-like race) are in the novel ''The Last Guardian'' as the basis for the parentage of [[Garona (Warcraft)|Garona]] the Half-Orc, who was born before the Dark Portal was first opened. Blizzard later said she was not a half-human/half-Orc, but half-Orc and half-Draenei instead (see [[Inconsistencies in Warcraft lore]]).

=== [[Argus (warcraft)|The World of Argus]] ===

Nearly twenty-five thousand years ago, the Eredar race arose on the world of Argus. They were extremely intelligent and had a natural affinity for magic in all its myriad forms. Using their gifts, they developed a vast and wondrous society.

Unfortunately the eredar's accomplishments caught the attention of Sargeras, the Destroyer of Worlds. He enticed Kil'jaeden and Archimonde, two of the Eredar's leaders and transformed many of the eredar into demons.

Only [[Velen (Warcraft)|Velen]] and a few other eredar who had thus far refused to join Sargeras fled the planet with the help of the [[Naaru]]. Naming themselves the draenei, or "exiled ones" in the Eredun language, the renegades barely escaped from Argus, with the Burning Legion only moments behind. No draenei has seen their original homeworld since.

==== People of Argus ====

Races native to the world of Argus:

* [[Eredar]] (native race of Argus, they have been corrupted into demons by [[Sargeras]])

* [[Draenei]] (referred to as "Draenor Humans" in 'The Last Guardian'; Draenei were originally thought to have evolved on the Orc's homeworld of Draenor (Now [[Outland (Warcraft)|Outland]]), later it was realized that the eredar and the draenei were once one race. As the Eredar have been corrupted into demons, the [[Ancient Eredar]] must look more like the draenei)

[http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/burningcrusade/townhall/draenei.html Source]

=== [[Twisting Nether|The Twisting Nether and the Beyond]]===

A chaotic swirling mass, the Twisting Nether is the fabric of the universe. One can think of the [[Twisting Nether]] as the universe itself, although this is rather simplistic. It can be more accurately described as a higher plane of existence, where powerful beings exist that shape the events we see. It is not to be confused with space as we think of it for it is clear that space is a well understood concept by the races of Azeroth. The Dwarves, for instance, were originally created and bestowed with knowledge by a species of gods known as the Titans, who have large mechanical [[astrolabe]]s which demonstrate the movements of planets, stars, and extra-solar bodies through space. The Elves, furthermore, have been shown to possess telescopes for observing objects in the night sky. This space between the stars and planets is frequently called "The Great Dark Beyond," or simply "The Beyond," and it is described by Gul'dan as a place where the spirits of the newly dead go. On the other hand, the Nether, known varyingly as the Void, is shown to be a hell-like place above (or below) space and time as mortals observe them, and is the realm of Demons, what [[Gul'dan]] describes as "the long dead." It is arguable as to whether all dead beings invariably go to the "Great Dark" and the Nether, as humans, who worship what they call "the Holy Light," have been known to perform resurrections in which a winged being of light can be seen bringing back the dead with rays of sunlight. Furthermore, Orcs routinely commune with the natural spirits of their dead ancestors through the wind and the earth. It is perhaps possible, that in Gul'dan's lifetime, before the Orcs broke free of the demonic possession, that Orcs simply were not "good enough" to go anywhere but the "Beyond."

====Demons of the [[Burning Legion]]====

Known demon races from the Twisting Nether:

* [[Races in the Warcraft universe#Eredar|Eredar]]

* [[Races in the Warcraft universe#Nathrezim|Nathrezim]]

* [[Pit Lord]]s

* [[Felguard]]

* [[Doom Guard]]

* [[Succubi(Warcraft)|Succubi]]

* [[Tothrezim]]

* [[Infernals]]

== Sources ==

The background, plot, and setting, like most [[Blizzard Entertainment|Blizzard]] games, is indebted to tabletop games such as ''[[Warhammer Fantasy]]'' by [[Games Workshop]], and ''[[Dungeons & Dragons]]'' from [[Wizards of the Coast]]. The fantasy works of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]] also served as a foundation; many of the races are patterned after Tolkien's, and placenames are often made to sound like [[Sindarin]], the predominant Elvish language used in ''[[Lord of the Rings]]''. However, large portions of the setting are drawn from modern-day sources and references, ranging from [[Star Trek]] to the [[Cthulhu Mythos]], to [[Thundercats]] to third-world proxy wars.

==Media set in the Warcraft Universe==

===Computer games===

====Strategy Games====

* ''[[Warcraft: Orcs & Humans]]''

* ''[[Warcraft II: Tides of Darkness]]''

* ''[[Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal]]''

* ''[[Warcraft II: Battle.net Edition]]''

* ''[[Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos]]''

* ''[[Warcraft III: The Frozen Throne]]''

====Other====

* ''[[Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans]]'' ([[Adventure game]], cancelled)

* ''[[World of Warcraft]]'' ([[MMORPG]])

===Other media===

====Movie (announced)====

* ''[[Warcraft: The Movie]]''

====Tabletop games====

* [[Warcraft: the Board Game]] - a strategic [[board game]] based heavily on ''Warcraft III'' from [[Fantasy Flight Games]]

* [[World of Warcraft: the Roleplaying Game]] - [[role-playing game]] from [[Sword & Sorcery]]

* [[World of Warcraft Board Game|World of Warcraft: the Board Game]] - a board game based on ''World of Warcraft'', also by Fantasy Flight Games

====Trading card games====

* [[World of Warcraft: Heroes of Azeroth]] - to be released October 25, 2006 <ref>http://warcraftcardgame.com/2006/05/october-25-release-date.html</ref>

==== Books ====

* ''[[Warcraft: Day of the Dragon]]''

* ''[[Warcraft: Lord of the Clans]]''

* ''[[Warcraft: Of Blood and Honor]]''

* ''[[Warcraft: The Last Guardian]]''

* ''[[Warcraft: War of the Ancients Trilogy]]''

* ''[[Warcraft: The Sunwell Trilogy]]''

* ''[[World of Warcraft: Cycle of Hatred]]''

* ''[[World of Warcraft: Rise of the Horde]]''

== See also ==

* [[Organizations in the Warcraft universe]]

==References==

<!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->

<references/>

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==External links==

{{succession box|title=[[List of popes|Pope]]|before=[[Pope John XIX|John XIX]]|after=[[Pope Sylvester III|Sylvester III]]|years=[[1032]]&ndash;[[1044]]}}

* [http://Totalwarcraft.com A Warcraft Fansite]

{{succession box|title=[[List of popes|Pope]]|before=[[Pope Sylvester III|Sylvester III]]|after=[[Pope Gregory VI|Gregory VI]]|years=[[1045]]}}

* [http://www.worldofwarcraft.com/info/story/chapter1.shtml The History of ''Warcraft'']

{{succession box|title=[[List of popes|Pope]]|before=[[Pope Clement II|Clement II]]|after=[[Pope Damasus II|Damasus II]]|years=[[1047]]&ndash;[[1048]]}}

* [http://www.wowwiki.com/Main_Page A Warcraft Wiki]

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* [http://www.FrozenLands.com Warcraft maps, downloads & patches]

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