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'''Idabel''' is a city in [[McCurtain County, Oklahoma|McCurtain County]], [[Oklahoma]], [[United States]]. The population was 6,952 at the 2000 census. It is the [[county seat]] of [[McCurtain County, Oklahoma|McCurtain County]]{{GR|6}}.
'''Richard Lathe''' is a molecular [[biologist]] and a former professor at the [[University of Strasbourg]] and [[Edinburgh University]], where he worked for the Centre for Genome Research and the Centre for Neuroscience. He was assistant director at the biotech company Transgene in Strasbourg, a principal scientist at ABRO, Edinburgh, and Co-Director of the Biotechnology College ESBS based in Strasbourg. Lathe is also the founder, in [[2002]], and director of Pieta Research, a [[biotechnology]] consultancy in [[Edinburgh]], [[United Kingdom]], where his interests involve [[brain]] research and [[neuroscience]], the [[limbic system]], [[autism]] and [[Alzheimer's disease]]. He is also the author of over a hundred [[peer review]]ed journal articles.
The city was first named Pernell, then renamed for the daughters, Ida and Belle, of a Choctaw citizen on whose land the town was built.
==Vaccines==
==Geography==
Lathe is the primary inventor of the vaccine that eradicated rabies in France. Extension of this work included the development of vaccines against tumors including cervical and breast cancer.
[[Image:OKMap-doton-Idabel.PNG|right|Location of Idabel, Oklahoma]]
Idabel is located at {{coor dms|33|53|47|N|94|49|45|W|city}} (33.896299, -94.829238){{GR|1}}.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 41.3 [[km²]] (15.9 [[square mile|mi²]]). 41.3 km² (15.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.06% is water.
==Gene technology==
==Demographics==
The most highly-cited paper regards a tool for isolating coding sequences, published in 1985 in the Journal of Molecular Biology.
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 6,952 people, 2,735 households, and 1,785 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 168.5/km² (436.3/mi²). There were 3,129 housing units at an average density of 75.8/km² (196.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.99% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 24.45% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 10.44% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.30% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.37% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.43% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.96% of the population.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=4009718&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum
There were 2,735 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.08.
==Hippocampal function==
In the city the population was spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.
Extensive review in the Journal of Endocrinology entitled 'Hormones and the Hippocampus' argued that external and internal biochemical sensing were crucial for the evolution of the mammalian brain.
http://journals.endocrinology.org/joe/169/joe1690205.htm
The median income for a household in the city was $20,496, and the median income for a family was $24,189. Males had a median income of $24,182 versus $16,958 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $12,241. About 28.7% of families and 31.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 42.5% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.
==''Autism, Brain, and Environment==
In ''[[Autism, Brain, and Environment]]'' (2006, ISBN 1-84310-438-5), Lathe proposes that autism is largely a disorder of the limbic brain, balancing evidence that environmental factors may trigger autism with a recognition of genetic vulnerability. In his book, he analyzes biomedical evidence pertaining to the [[genetics]], [[endocrinology]], [[immunology]], [[toxicology]], [[virology]], and neuroscience essential for understanding the causes of [[autistic spectrum]] disorders (ASDs). Lathe contends that the [[autism epidemic]] and rise in ASDs has resulted from increased exposures to environmental toxics, combined with predisposition to genetic vulnerability. While nothing in his book contradicts research implicating genetic vulnerability as an underlying cause of ASDs, Lathe instead uses evidence showing autism is more prevalent in [[urban area|urban]] than [[rural]] areas to bolster his contention that [[pollution]] is a likely culprit as well. Lathe argues that most children on the autistic spectrum have additional physiological problems, and that these, rather than being separate from the [[Psychiatry|psychiatric]] aspects of ASDs, can produce and worsen the condition. “I aim to show how genetics and environmental factors might come together,” he says. Lathe's book also describes a cycle of disease that begins with exposure to certain brain damaging toxins, in particular affecting the [[limbic system]], which in turn can lead to autistic symptoms and collateral physical ailments, such as [[autistic enterocolitis]], leading to further brain damage. With sixty percent of families with a child on the autistic spectrum using [[casein]] and/or gluten-free diets, Lathe believes that parents are correct in thinking that biomedical intervention can help their children, and that some of these interventions may effectively address environmental causes of ASDs.
*[http://www.idabel.lib.ok.us/ Idabel Public Library]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|33.896299|-94.829238}}
==Lunar theory of life's origins on Earth==
{{Oklahoma}}
Lathe's research has led him to develop a theory that without the Moon, there would be no life on Earth. When life began, [[Earth]] [[orbit]]ed much more closely to the Moon than it does now, causing massive tides every few hours, which in turn caused rapid cycling of salinity levels on [[coastline]]s and may have driven the [[evolution]] of early [[DNA]]. Lathe uses [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR), which amplifies DNA replication in the lab, as an example of the mechanisms that facilitate DNA replication, In the laboratory, PCR synthesis is achieved by cycling DNA between two extreme temperatures in the presence of certain enzymes. At lower temperatures, about 50 °C, single strands of DNA act as templates for building complementary strands. At higher temperatures, about 100 °C, the double strands break apart, doubling the number of molecules. The synthesis of DNA is started again by lowering the temperature, and so forth. Through this process, one DNA molecule can be converted into a trillion identical copies in just 40 cycles. Saline cycles triggered by rapid tidal activity would have amplified molecules such as DNA in a process similar to PCR, says Lathe, "The tidal force is absolutely important, because it provides the energy for association and dissociation" of [[polymer]]s.
[[Category:Cities in Oklahoma]]
* [http://www.pieta-research.org/ Pieta-Research.org] - 'Pieta Research A biotechnology consultancy based in Edinburgh UK: Specialist areas Molecular biology, neuroscience, physiology'
[[Category:McCurtain County, Oklahoma]]
* [http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn4786 NewScientist.com] - 'No Moon, no life on Earth, suggests theory', Anil Ananthaswamy, ''[[New Scientist]]'' (March 18, 2004)
[[Category:County seats in Oklahoma]]
:* [http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3842 NewScientist.com] - 'Toxic metal clue to autism', Richard Lathe and Michael Le Page, ''[[New Scientist]]'' (June 18, 2003)
[[io:Idabel, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Autism|Lathe, Richard]]
[[lmo:Idabel, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Living people|Lathe, Richard]]
[[vo:Idabel]]
[[Category:Molecular biologists|Lathe, Richard]]
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