|
'''Idabel''' is a city in [[McCurtain County, Oklahoma|McCurtain County]], [[Oklahoma]], [[United States]]. The population was 6,952 at the 2000 census. It is the [[county seat]] of [[McCurtain County, Oklahoma|McCurtain County]]{{GR|6}}.
{{Infobox Military Conflict (3 sided)
|conflict=Afghan Civil War <small>(1992-1996 period)
|partof=[[Afghan Civil War]]
|image=[[Image:1996afghan.png|300px]]
|caption=<small>Factions after the 1996 fall of Kabul</small>
|date=[[1992]]–[[1996]]
|place=[[Afghanistan]]
|result=[[Taliban Movement|Taliban]] victory.
|combatant1=[[Image:Flag of Afghanistan 1992 free.png|22px]] [[Islamic State of Afghanistan]]
|combatant2=[[Hezbi Islami]]
|combatant3=[[Image:Flag_of_Taliban (bordered).svg|22px]] [[Taliban Movement|Taliban]]
|commander1=[[Burhanuddin Rabbani]] <br> [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]]
|commander2=[[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] <br> [[Abdul Rashid Dostum]]
|commander3=[[Mohammed Omar]]
|strength1=
|strength2=
|strength3=
|casualties1=
|casualties2=
|casualties3=
|notes=[[Abdul Rashid Dostum]] joined forces with [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]] in [[1994]].
}}
{{Campaignbox Afghanistan}}
The '''[[1992]] to [[1996]]''' phase of the '''[[Afghan Civil War]]''' began with the capture of Kabul by the [[Mujahadeen]], and involved different factions of the [[Mujahadeen]] turning on one another until finally in [[1996]] the [[Taliban]] captured [[Kabul]].
The city was first named Pernell, then renamed for the daughters, Ida and Belle, of a Choctaw citizen on whose land the town was built.
==Timeline==
==Geography==
After the fall of Kabul, the civil war entered a new phase. The new problem was to establish a new government. Finally, the [[Islamic Jihad Council]] agreed to form an interim government.
[[Image:OKMap-doton-Idabel.PNG|right|Location of Idabel, Oklahoma]]
Idabel is located at {{coor dms|33|53|47|N|94|49|45|W|city}} (33.896299, -94.829238){{GR|1}}.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 41.3 [[km²]] (15.9 [[square mile|mi²]]). 41.3 km² (15.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.06% is water.
It was decided that a 51 man body, headed by Hazrat Sahib Sibghatullah [[Mojaddedi]], would go inside [[Afghanistan]] so that they could take over power from the present rulers of [[Kabul]] completely, and without any terms and conditions during the two months period. The head of this body will also be the President of the State during this two months period. After this period, this body would remain as an interim [[Islamic Council]], along with the [[Transitional]] State and its Chairmanship would be held by Mr. [[Mojaddedi]].
==Demographics==
[[Mujadidi]] was chosen as the president, Commander [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]] was given the position of Defence Minister, [[Sayyaf]] took control of the foreign ministry and other parties were given the minor positions. All the main positions of the government were given to [[Tajiks]] especially those from [[Panjshir]]. Since the creation of the modern day [[Afghanistan]] by [[Abdali]] in [[1747]], it had been ruled by the [[Pushtuns]] who make up as much as 50% of the population. The [[Islamic Jihad Council]] agreed that a nation wide election to soon hold elections. Although some elements of the [[PDPA]] had infiltrated the government in the name of Mujahid, most of the Parchamis had managed to fled the country. [[Khalq]] members who were mostly [[pushtuns]], either joined [[Hekmatyar]] or fled to Pakistan.
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 6,952 people, 2,735 households, and 1,785 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 168.5/km² (436.3/mi²). There were 3,129 housing units at an average density of 75.8/km² (196.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.99% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 24.45% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 10.44% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.30% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.37% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.43% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.96% of the population.
There were 2,735 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 21.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non-families. 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.08.
Soon After the Liberation of Kabul, [[Hezb-i-Islami]] started firing rockets at [[Kabul]]. Although [[Hekmatyar]] insisted that only [[Islamic Jihad Council]] areas were targeted, the rockets mostly fell over the houses of the innocent civilians of Kabul. The new government introduced new strict laws which were thoroughly Islamic. Strict punishments according to Islamic law were very new to the people of Kabul who were already suffering from Hezb i Islami rocket attacks.
In the city the population was spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.0 males.
In June [[1992]], as scheduled, [[Rabbani]] became president of [[Afghanistan]], while [[Hekmatyar]] continued to bombard [[Kabul]] with rockets. The U.N. reported that 1,800 civilians died in rocket attacks between May and August, and 500,000 people fled the city.
After Rabbani's appointment, the whole control of the government went into Jamiat hands. The [[Tajik]] domination of the control of [[Afghanistan]] was the first time in the land since a brief seizure of power in the 1920s.
The median income for a household in the city was $20,496, and the median income for a family was $24,189. Males had a median income of $24,182 versus $16,958 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $12,241. About 28.7% of families and 31.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 42.5% of those under age 18 and 18.4% of those age 65 or over.
The once powerful Dostum/Massod alliance was beginning to crack as the [[Uzbeks]] did not gain any power under the new leadership. Different malitia factions were fighting over control of different areas all over the country. [[Kandahar]] was filled with gangsters as three different commanders Amir lalai, [[Gul Agha]] and Mulla Naqib engaged in an extremly violent struggle for power.
The bullet riddled city came to be a centre of lawlesness and crime.
==External links==
Just like the other parts of the country, serious fighting also broke out between the Saudi-backed Pashtun Sunni [[Ittehad-e Islami]] party and the Iran-backed [[Shi'a]] Hezb-e Wahdat party in [[Kabul]]. Both groups engaged in abducting [[Hazara]] and Pashtun civilians. Hundreds were killed, and as many as 1,000 detained and tortured before a cease-fire finally took hold in June. Continuing tension between ethnic groups erupted in other violent confrontations throughout the remainder of the year. The government backed Sayyaf's Pushtun malitia operated in western sectors of Kabul where most [[Hazara]]'s lived.
*[http://www.idabel.lib.ok.us/ Idabel Public Library]
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|33.896299|-94.829238}}
In the month of August alone, a bombardment of [[artillery]] shells, rockets and fragmentation bombs killed over 2,000 people in [[Kabul]], most of them civilians. Then in November, in a very effective move, [[Hekmatyar]]'s forces, together with [[guerrillas]] from some of the [[Arab]] groups, barricaded a power station in [[Sarobi]], 30 miles east of Kabul, cutting electricity to the capital and shutting down the water supply, which is dependent on power. His forces and other mujahidin were also reported to have prevented food convoys from reaching the city.
{{Oklahoma}}
On November 23, Minister of Food [[Sulaiman Yaarin]] reported that the city's food and fuel depots were empty. The government was now under heavy pressure.
[[Category: WarsCities ofin AfghanistanOklahoma]] ▼===Renewed tensions (1993)===
[[Category:McCurtain County, Oklahoma]]
[[Category:County seats in Oklahoma]]
[[io:Idabel, Oklahoma]]
On January 3, [[Burhanuddin Rabbani]], the leader of the [[Jamiat Islami]] party, was sworn in as President. However Rabbani's authority remained limited to only part of [[Kabul]]; the rest of the city remained divided among rival [[mujahidin]] factions. In response, on January 19, a short-lived [[cease-fire]] broke down when [[Hezb-i-Islami]] forces renewed [[rocket]] attacks on [[Kabul]] from their base in the south of the city. Civilians were the main victims in the fighting which killed some 1,000 before a peace accord was signed on March 8.
[[lmo:Idabel, Oklahoma]]
[[vo:Idabel]]
Under the March accord, brokered by [[Pakistan]] and [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Rabbani]] and [[Hekmatyar]] agreed to share power until elections could be held in late 1994. Hekmatyar was named Prime Minister, but by November he had not entered [[Kabul]] because of continuing opposition from forces loyal to [[Massoud]] and sometimes those allied to the [[Uzbekistan|Uzbek]] commander, General [[Dostum]]. The cease-fire broke down again on May 11, leaving more than 700 dead in bombing raids, street battles and rocket attacks in and around Kabul. The parties agreed to a new peace accord in [[Jalalabad]] on May 20 under which Massoud agreed to relinquish the post of Defense Minister. A council of commanders was to assume that office, as well as the office of Interior Minister, but by mid-November the power struggle remained unresolved.
▲[[Category:Wars of Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Warlordism]]
| 