Basic life support and Treaty of Lausanne: Difference between pages

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:''For the 1912 ''Treaty of Lausanne'' between Italy and the Ottoman Empire (signed on 18 October, 1912 in [[Ouchy]]), see the [[Italo-Turkish War]].''

'''Basic life support''' (BLS) is a specific level of prehospital medical care provided by trained responders, including [[emergency medical technician]]s, in the absence of advanced medical care.

[[Image:Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria on Treaty of Lausanne.png|280px|thumb|Borders as shaped by the treaty]]

The '''Treaty of Lausanne''' ([[July 24]], [[1923]]) was a [[peace treaty]] signed in [[Lausanne]] that settled the [[Anatolia]]n part of the [[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire]] by annulment of the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] signed by the [[Ottoman Empire]] as the consequences of the [[Turkish Independence War]] between [[Allies of World War I]] and [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] ([[Turkish national movement]]).

==Overview & negotiations==

Basic Life Support consists of a number of life-saving techniques which are focused on the "ABC"s of prehospital emergency care:

{{main|Conference of Lausanne}}

{{Seealso|Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire|Turkish Independence War}}

After the expulsion of the Greek forces by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal (later [[Kemal Atatürk]]), the newly-founded Turkish government rejected the recently signed [[Treaty of Sèvres]].

Negotiations performed during [[Conference of Lausanne]] which [[İsmet İnönü]] was the lead negotiator for Turkey and [[Eleftherios Venizelos]] was his Greek counterpart. Negotiations took many months. On [[October 20]] [[1922]] the peace conference was reopened, and after strenuous debates, it was once again interrupted by Turkish protest on [[February 4]] [[1923]]. After reopening on [[April 23]], and more protest by Kemal's government, the treaty was signed on [[July 24]] after eight months of arduous negotiation by allies such as US Admiral [[Mark L. Bristol]], who served as United States High Commissioner and championed Turkish efforts.

* '''Airway''': the protection and maintenance of patient airway including the use of airway adjuncts such as an oral or nasal airway

* '''Breathing''': the actual flow of air through respiration, natural or [[artificial respiration]], often assisted by emergency [[oxygen]]

* '''Circulation''': the movement of blood through the beating of the heart or the emergency measure of [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]]

==The stipulations of treaty ==

BLS may also include considerations of patient transport such as the protection of the cervical spine and avoiding additional injuries through splinting and immobilization.

The treaty is composed of 141 articles with major sections;<ref name=Mango>Andrew Mango Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey ISBN 158567334X page. 388</ref>

* Convention on the Turkish straits

* Trade ([[Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire|abolition of capitulations]])

* [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey|Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey]]

* Agreements

* Binding letters.

The treaty provided for the independence of the Republic of Turkey but also for the protection of the ethnic [[Greeks in Turkey|Greek minority in Turkey]] and the mainly ethnically Turkish [[Muslim minority of Greece|Muslim minority in Greece]]. Much of the Greek population of Turkey was [[Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey|exchanged]] with the Turkish population of Greece. The Greeks of Istanbul, [[Imbros]] and [[Tenedos]] were excluded (about 270,000 in Istanbul alone at that time [http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/bilateral/minority.htm]), and so were the Muslim population of [[Western Thrace]] (about 86,000 [http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musmingr.htm] in 1922). Article 14 of the treaty granted the islands of [[Imbros]] and [[Tenedos]] "[[autonomy|special administrative organisation]]", a right that was revoked by the Turkish government on 17 February 1926. The republic of Turkey also accepted the loss of [[Cyprus]] to the [[British Empire]]. The fate of the province of [[Mosul]] was left to be determined through the [[League of Nations]].

BLS generally does not include the use of drugs or invasive skills, and can be contrasted with the provision of [[Advanced cardiac life support]] (ACLS).

===Borders===

CPR provided in the field buys time for higher medical responders to arrive and provide ACLS. For this reason it is essential that any person starting CPR also obtain ACLS support by [[call for help|calling for help]] via radio using agency policies and procedures and/or using an appropriate [[emergency telephone number]].

The treaty delimited the boundaries of [[Greece]], [[Bulgaria]], and [[Turkey]], formally ceded all Turkish claims on [[Cyprus]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]], and (along with the [[Treaty of Ankara (1921)|Treaty of Ankara]]) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The treaty also led to international recognition of the sovereignty of the new [[Republic of Turkey]] as the [[successor state]] of the defunct Ottoman Empire.

===Agreements===

An important advance in providing BLS is the availability of the [[automated external defibrillator]] or [[AED]], which can be used to deliver [[defibrillation]]. This improves survival outcomes in [[cardiac arrest]] cases, sometimes dramatically.

Among many agreements, there was a separate agreement with the United States, [[Chester concession]]. US Senate refused to ratify the treaty and consequently Turkey annulled the concession.<ref name=Mango/>

==Aftermath==

== In other countries ==

The Convention on the Turkish straits lasted only thirteen years and was replaced with [[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits]]. The custom limitations in the treaty shortly rewoked. Political amnesty is applied. [[150 personae non gratae of Turkey|150 persona non grata of Turkey]] slowly acquired the citizenship which the last one was in 1974 to the descendants of the former dynasty.

The term BLS is also used in some non-English speaking countries (e.g. in [[Italy]]) for the education of [[first responder]]s.

Since signing the treaty, both Turkey and Greece have claimed that the other has violated its provisions. Greece has seen its ethnic minority population in Turkey diminish from several hundred thousand in 1923 to just a couple of thousands today, and claims that this was caused by the systematic enforcement of anti-minority measures.<ref>[http://chicago.agrino.org/turkish_pogrom_against_the_greeks.htm Measures claimed to have caused the diminish of the Greek minority in Turkey]</ref> Turkey closed the [[Halki seminary]], which is in direct contradiction to the treaty which stipulates religious freedom.

In [[Belgium]], the education is called ''Aide médicale urgente'' ("emergency medical assistance"), and in [[France]] CFAPSE (''certificat de formation aux activités des premiers secours en équipe'', "education certificate for the team first responder activity"). These educations do not include the use of drugs or of invasive techniques, but include the management of various traumas and the [[casualty lifting]] and [[casualty movement|movement]].

Ultimately, [[Winston Churchill]] who had a damaged career because of his failure at the [[Battle of Gallipoli]], during which he had urged the Armenian population to rebel with vague promises to divert manpower from his failure during that battle,<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/turkey/story/0,,1921272,00.html</ref> and his inability to be able to enforce the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] even though managed to dismantle [[Ottoman Empire]] with the [[occupation of Istanbul]] remarked: “In the Lausanne Treaty, which established a new peace between the allies and Turkey, history will search in vain for the name Armenia.”<ref>Winston Churchill, The World Crisis, vol. V, London, 1929, p. 408</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Advanced Life Support]]

== See also ==

* [[emergency medical technician]]

* [[artificialAftermath respirationof World War I]]

* [[Treaty of Sèvres]]

* [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]]

* [[AdvancedTreaty cardiacof Life SupportKars]]

* [[Turks of Western Thrace]]

* [[Muslim minority of Greece]]

* [[Greeks of Turkey]]

* [[Greek refugees]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{portal|World War I}}

* ''[http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/95/8/2174 Single-Rescuer Adult Basic Life Support] — An Advisory Statement From the Basic Life Support Working Group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation'', ''Circulation'' #95, pp 2174–2179, ed. [[American Heart Association]], [[1997]]

*[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918p/lausanne.html Text of the treaty]

* [http://www.vfv.it/tecnica/capitolo_4.pdf Nozioni primo soccorso BLS] ([[Italian language|Italian]]), [[portable document format|PDF]] document (12p, 912 Kb)

*[http://www.allaboutturkey.com/antlasma.htm Information about the Treaty (1)]

*[http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/en/1923_1940/foreign_policy/sources/ Information about the Treaty (2)]

*[http://www.hri.org/docs/lausanne/ Text and Information about the Treaty]

{{War of Turkish Independence}}<br/>

{{First World War treaties}}<br/>

{{World War I}}

[[Category:Peace treaties|Lausanne, Treaty of]]

[[Category:Turkish War of Independence]]

[[Category:Aftermath of World War I|Lausanne]]

[[Category:Forced migration]]

[[Category:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]

[[Category:Treaties of Greece|Lausanne]]

[[Category:Treaties of Turkey|Lausanne]]

[[Category:Lausanne]]

[[de:Vertrag von Lausanne]]

[[fr:Formation aux prompts secours]]

[[el:Συνθήκη της Λωζάνης]]

[[category:prehospital care]]

[[es:Tratado de Lausana]]

[[eo:Traktato de Lausanne]]

[[fr:Traité de Lausanne (1923)]]

[[it:Trattato di Losanna]]

[[he:הסכם לוזאן]]

[[nl:Vrede van Lausanne]]

[[ja:ローザンヌ条約]]

[[ru:Лозаннская конференция]]

[[sr:Лозански мир 1923.]]

[[fi:Lausannen sopimus]]

[[sv:Lausannefreden]]

[[tr:Lozan Antlaşması]]

[[ur:معاہدہ لوزان]]