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:''For the 1912 ''Treaty of Lausanne'' between Italy and the Ottoman Empire (signed on 18 October, 1912 in [[Ouchy]]), see the [[Italo-Turkish War]].''
This page contains links to articles that need improvement or that need to be written.
[[Image:Turkey-Greece-Bulgaria on Treaty of Lausanne.png|280px|thumb|Borders as shaped by the treaty]]
The '''Treaty of Lausanne''' ([[July 24]], [[1923]]) was a [[peace treaty]] signed in [[Lausanne]] that settled the [[Anatolia]]n part of the [[partitioning of the Ottoman Empire]] by annulment of the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] signed by the [[Ottoman Empire]] as the consequences of the [[Turkish Independence War]] between [[Allies of World War I]] and [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] ([[Turkish national movement]]).
==ArticlesOverview to& improvenegotiations==
{{main|Conference of Lausanne}}
These articles are listed as stubs or candidates for cleanup or just need some more work to make them great.
{{Seealso|Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire|Turkish Independence War}}
After the expulsion of the Greek forces by the Turkish army under the command of Mustafa Kemal (later [[Kemal Atatürk]]), the newly-founded Turkish government rejected the recently signed [[Treaty of Sèvres]].
Negotiations performed during [[Conference of Lausanne]] which [[İsmet İnönü]] was the lead negotiator for Turkey and [[Eleftherios Venizelos]] was his Greek counterpart. Negotiations took many months. On [[October 20]] [[1922]] the peace conference was reopened, and after strenuous debates, it was once again interrupted by Turkish protest on [[February 4]] [[1923]]. After reopening on [[April 23]], and more protest by Kemal's government, the treaty was signed on [[July 24]] after eight months of arduous negotiation by allies such as US Admiral [[Mark L. Bristol]], who served as United States High Commissioner and championed Turkish efforts.
===Railroads===
'''C''' - [[Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad]]<br>
'''D''' - [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]] - [[Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad]] - [[Denver, Northwestern & Pacific Railway]]<br>
'''E''' - [[Erie Lackawanna Railroad]] - [[Erie Railroad]]<br>
'''G''' - [[Great Northern Railway (US)]]<br>
'''I''' - [[Illinois Central Gulf Railroad]]<br>
'''L''' - [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]]<br>
'''M''' - [[Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad]]<br>
'''N''' - [[New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad]] (Nickel Plate Road) - [[New York and Harlem Railroad]] - [[Norfolk Southern]] - [[Northern Pacific Railway]]<br>
'''R''' - [[Reading Railroad]] - [[Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad]]<br>
'''S''' - [[Seaboard Coast Line Railroad]] - [[Seaboard System Railroad]]
==The stipulations of treaty ==
===Trains===
The treaty is composed of 141 articles with major sections;<ref name=Mango>Andrew Mango Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey ISBN 158567334X page. 388</ref>
[[Adirondack (Amtrak)]] - [[City of New Orleans]] - [[Crescent (Amtrak)]] - [[Ethan Allen Express]] - [[Hikari Rail Star (Shinkansen)]] - [[Indian Pacific]] - [[Prospector]] - [[Texas Eagle]]
* Convention on the Turkish straits
* Trade ([[Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire|abolition of capitulations]])
* [[Population exchange between Greece and Turkey|Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey]]
* Agreements
* Binding letters.
The treaty provided for the independence of the Republic of Turkey but also for the protection of the ethnic [[Greeks in Turkey|Greek minority in Turkey]] and the mainly ethnically Turkish [[Muslim minority of Greece|Muslim minority in Greece]]. Much of the Greek population of Turkey was [[Exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey|exchanged]] with the Turkish population of Greece. The Greeks of Istanbul, [[Imbros]] and [[Tenedos]] were excluded (about 270,000 in Istanbul alone at that time [http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/bilateral/minority.htm]), and so were the Muslim population of [[Western Thrace]] (about 86,000 [http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musmingr.htm] in 1922). Article 14 of the treaty granted the islands of [[Imbros]] and [[Tenedos]] "[[autonomy|special administrative organisation]]", a right that was revoked by the Turkish government on 17 February 1926. The republic of Turkey also accepted the loss of [[Cyprus]] to the [[British Empire]]. The fate of the province of [[Mosul]] was left to be determined through the [[League of Nations]].
===Equipment===
====Generic====
[[2-2-0]] - [[GWR Star class]] - [[Tender locomotive]]
====Named=Borders===
The treaty delimited the boundaries of [[Greece]], [[Bulgaria]], and [[Turkey]], formally ceded all Turkish claims on [[Cyprus]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]], and (along with the [[Treaty of Ankara (1921)|Treaty of Ankara]]) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The treaty also led to international recognition of the sovereignty of the new [[Republic of Turkey]] as the [[successor state]] of the defunct Ottoman Empire.
[[The DeWitt Clinton]]
===ManufacturersAgreements===
Among many agreements, there was a separate agreement with the United States, [[Chester concession]]. US Senate refused to ratify the treaty and consequently Turkey annulled the concession.<ref name=Mango/>
[[Amoskeag Locomotive Works]] - [[Atlas Car and Manufacturing Company]] - [[Brookville Locomotive Company]] - [[Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works]] - [[Schenectady Locomotive Works]] - [[Vulcan Iron Works]]
==Aftermath==
==Articles to write==
The Convention on the Turkish straits lasted only thirteen years and was replaced with [[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits]]. The custom limitations in the treaty shortly rewoked. Political amnesty is applied. [[150 personae non gratae of Turkey|150 persona non grata of Turkey]] slowly acquired the citizenship which the last one was in 1974 to the descendants of the former dynasty.
These articles have not yet been started, or if they have, they were started with different article titles. If one of these doesn't strike your fancy as an article you want to write, take a look at these lists for more article suggestions:
* [[List of ALCO diesel locomotives]]
* [[List of Baldwin diesel locomotive types]]
* [[List of British Rail locomotives]]
* [[List of GM-EMD locomotives]]
* [[List of GE locomotives]]
* [[List of locomotive builders]]
* [[List of named passenger trains]]
* [[Whyte notation]]
Since signing the treaty, both Turkey and Greece have claimed that the other has violated its provisions. Greece has seen its ethnic minority population in Turkey diminish from several hundred thousand in 1923 to just a couple of thousands today, and claims that this was caused by the systematic enforcement of anti-minority measures.<ref>[http://chicago.agrino.org/turkish_pogrom_against_the_greeks.htm Measures claimed to have caused the diminish of the Greek minority in Turkey]</ref> Turkey closed the [[Halki seminary]], which is in direct contradiction to the treaty which stipulates religious freedom.
This list was assembled by looking at existing railroad and railway articles on Wikipedia for "red links" within the text of the articles. These are topics that other authors have felt deserve articles of their own, so in a way, they have been requested (although exceptionally few of them show up on the [[Wikipedia:Requested articles]] list)
Ultimately, [[Winston Churchill]] who had a damaged career because of his failure at the [[Battle of Gallipoli]], during which he had urged the Armenian population to rebel with vague promises to divert manpower from his failure during that battle,<ref>http://www.guardian.co.uk/turkey/story/0,,1921272,00.html</ref> and his inability to be able to enforce the [[Treaty of Sèvres]] even though managed to dismantle [[Ottoman Empire]] with the [[occupation of Istanbul]] remarked: “In the Lausanne Treaty, which established a new peace between the allies and Turkey, history will search in vain for the name Armenia.”<ref>Winston Churchill, The World Crisis, vol. V, London, 1929, p. 408</ref>
===Railroads===
Note that no distinction is made here between operating railroads, fallen flags (defunct railroads) or tourist railroads. Write the article and tell us about it.<br>
'''A''' - [[Ahnapee and Western Railway]] - [[Alabama Great Southern]] - [[Algoma Central]] - [[Appleby Froddingham Railway]] - [[Australian Transport Network Limited]]<br>
'''B''' - [[Baltimore and Ohio Chicago Terminal Railroad]] - [[Bangor and Aroostook]] - [[Battlefield Railway]] - [[Beaver Meadow Railroad]] - [[Belgian Vicinal Railways]] - [[Belt Railway of Chicago]] - [[Boston and Maine]] - [[Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Railway]]<br>
'''C''' - [[Camden and Amboy]] - [[Carolina and Northwestern]] - [[Cass Scenic Railroad]] - [[Central of Georgia]] - [[Central Vermont]] - [[Chicago, South Shore and South Bend]] - [[Chicago and Illinois Midland]] - [[Chicago and Northwestern]] (correcting copyvio from [[Chicago & Northwestern Railway]]) - [[Chicago and West Michigan Railroad]] - [[Chinnor and Princes Risborough Railway]] - [[Churnet Valley Railway]] - [[Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railway]] - [[Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago Railway Company]] - [[Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis Railway Company]] - [[Colorado and Southern]] - [[Commonwealth Railways]]<br>
'''D''' - [[Delaware and Cobb's Gap Railroad]] - [[Delaware and Hudson]] - [[Detriot, Lansing and Northern Railroad]] - [[Detroit and Lima Northern Railway]] - [[Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic]] - [[Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific]]<br>
'''E''' - [[East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia Railroad]]<br>
'''F''' - [[First North Western]] - [[Flint and Pere Marquette Railway Company]] - [[Fort Worth and Denver Railway]] - [[Fox River Valley Railroad]] or [[Fox Valley and Western Railroad]]<br>
'''G''' - [[Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio]] - [[Georgetown Loop Railroad]] - [[Georgia Southern and Florida]] - [[Grand Trunk Western]]<br>
'''H''' - [[Hartford and New Haven]]<br>
'''I''' - [[Indiana, Columbus and Eastern]] - [[Indiana and Ohio Railway]] - [[Indiana Harbor Belt]] - [[Indianapolis and St. Louis Railway Company]]<br>
'''K''' - [[Keith and Dufftown Railway]]<br>
'''L''' - [[Lackawanna and Western Railroad]] - [[Lake States Transportation Division]] - [[Lima-Toledo Railroad]] - [[Llangollen Railway]] - [[Louisiana and Texas Railroad]] - [[Louisville and Nashville]]<br>
'''M''' - [[Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad]] - [[Maine Central]] - [[Mid Norfolk Railway]] - [[Midland Railway (Kansas)]] - [[Missouri Pacific]] - [[Mohawk and Hudson Railroad]] - [[Monongahela Railway]]<br>
'''N''' - [[Nacionales de Mexico]] - [[New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company]] - [[New York and Erie]] - [[New York and New Haven]] - [[Nickel Plate Road]] - [[Norfolk and Western]] - [[Northampton Ironstone Railway Trust]]<br>
'''O''' - [[Ohio Southern Railway]] - [[Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas]]<br>
'''P''' - [[Peak Rail]] - [[Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Railway]] - [[Pichi Richi Railway]] - [[Providence and Worcester]] - [[Puffing Billy Railway]]<br>
'''R''' - [[Rail Express Systems Limited]] - [[Railtex]] - [[Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac]] - [[Richmond and Danville]] - [[Roaring Camp and Big Trees Narrow Gauge Railroad]]<br>
'''S''' - [[Seaboard Air Line]] - [[Sault Ste. Marie Bridge Company]] - [[South Australian Railways]] - [[South Carolina Canal & Rail Road Co.]] - [[South Devon Railway]] - [[Spokane International]] - [[Spokane, Portland and Seattle]] - [[St. Louis Southwestern]] - [[Strathspey Railway]] - [[Sud Pacifico de Mexico]] - [[Swansea Vale Railway]]<br>
'''T''' - [[Tasrail]] - [[Texas and New Orleans Railroad]] - [[Texas Mexican Railway]] - [[Tranz Rail Ltd.]]<br>
'''U''' - [[United New Jersey Railroad and Canals Company]]<br>
'''W''' - [[Wabash Railroad]] - [[Wessex Trains]] - [[Western and Atlantic]] - [[Western Pacific Railroad]] - [[Wisbech and Upwell Tramway]] - [[Wisconsin and Calumet Railroad]]<br>
'''Y''' - [[York River Railroad]]
==See also==
===Railfanning and railroad locations===
* [[Aftermath of World War I]]
[[Cajon Pass]] - [[Lucin Cutoff]] - [[Sandpatch]] - [[Starrucca Viaduct]] - [[Sullivan's Curve]] - [[Water Level Route]]
* [[Treaty of Sèvres]]
* [[Treaty of Kars]]
* [[Turks of Western Thrace]]
* [[Muslim minority of Greece]]
* [[Greeks of Turkey]]
* [[Greek refugees]]
==References==
===Rail freight companies===
{{Reflist}}
[[Pacific Fruit Express]] - [[Railway Express Agency]]
== External links ==
===Rail equipment leasing companies===
{{portal|World War I}}
[[Locomotive Leasing Partners]] - [[Railbox]] - [[Trailer Train]]
*[http://www.lib.byu.edu/~rdh/wwi/1918p/lausanne.html Text of the treaty]
*[http://www.allaboutturkey.com/antlasma.htm Information about the Treaty (1)]
*[http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/14/en/1923_1940/foreign_policy/sources/ Information about the Treaty (2)]
*[http://www.hri.org/docs/lausanne/ Text and Information about the Treaty]
{{War of Turkish Independence}}<br/>
===Trains===
{{First World War treaties}}<br/>
[[Ak-Sar-Ben Zephyr]] - [[Auto Train]] - [[Cardinal (Amtrak)]] - [[City of San Francisco]] - [[Coasters (Amtrak)]] - [[Downeaster]] - [[El Capitan (passenger train)]] - [[Heartland Flyer]] - [[Illinois Service]] - [[Michigan Services]] - [[Missouri Routes]] - [[Nebraska Zephyr]] - [[North Coast Limited]] - [[Shoreline East]] - [[Silver Meteor]] - [[Silver Service and Palmetto]] - [[Sunset Limited]] - [[Vermonter]] - [[Texas Zephyr]]
{{World War I}}
[[Category:Peace treaties|Lausanne, Treaty of]]
===Equipment===
[[Category:Turkish War of Independence]]
====Generic====
[[Category:Aftermath of World War I|Lausanne]]
'''Locomotives'''
[[Category:Forced migration]]
:'''0''' - [[0-8-0]]
[[Category:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]
:'''2''' - [[2-8-2]] - [[2-10-10-2]]
[[Category:Treaties of Greece|Lausanne]]
:'''6''' - [[6-4-4-6]]
[[Category:Treaties of Turkey|Lausanne]]
:'''A''' - [[Adelante]] - [[ALCO Century 420]] - [[ALCO Century 424]] - [[ALCO Century 425]] - [[ALCO Century 430]] - [[ALCO Century 628]] - [[ALCO Century 630]] - [[ALCO Century 636]]
[[Category:Lausanne]]
:'''B''' - [[British Rail Class 115]] - [[British Rail Class 117]] - [[British Rail Class 150]] - [[British Rail Class 155]] - [[British Rail Class 165]] - [[British Rail Class 323]]
:'''C''' - [[Cab unit]] - [[Class 180]] - [[Class 43]] - [[Class G2]]
:'''D''' - [[Duplex (locomotive)]]
:'''E''' - [[EMD E-units]] - [[EMD E3]] - [[EMD F-units]] - [[EMD F45]] - [[EMD SDP40F]] - [[EMD SDP45]]
:'''L''' - [[List of MLW locomotives]]
:'''M''' - [[M-10,000]]
:'''N''' - [[NYC Niagara]]
:'''R''' - [[Road locomotive]]
:'''U''' - [[Union Pacific Challenger]]
:'''X''' - [[XPT]]
'''Rolling stock''' - [[British Rail mark 3 coach]] - [[Dynamometer car]] - [[Flat car]] - [[Observation car]] - [[Refrigerator car]] - [[Rotary snowplow]] - [[Skytop Lounge]]<br>
'''Parts''' - [[ALCO 251]] - [[Blastpipe]] - [[Coupling rod]] - [[Crank axle]] - [[Driving axle]] - [[Feedwater heater]] - [[Firebox]] - [[Head end generator]] - [[High voltage cabinet]] - [[Jackshaft]] - [[Leading axle]] - [[Leading truck]] - [[Locomotive frame]] - [[Main rod]] - [[Piston valve]] - [[Prime mover]] - [[Side rod]] - [[Slide valve]] - [[Smokebox]] - [[Steam dome]] - [[Stephenson valve gear]] - [[Superheater]] - [[Walschaerts valve gear]]
[[de:Vertrag von Lausanne]]
====Named====
[[el:Συνθήκη της Λωζάνης]]
[[Consolidation (locomotive)]] - [[Launceston Castle]] - [[Nunney Castle]] - [[Pendennis Castle]] - [[Susquehanna (locomotive)]] - [[The General (locomotive)]] - [[Treganna Castle]]
[[es:Tratado de Lausana]]
[[eo:Traktato de Lausanne]]
===Manufacturers===
[[fr:Traité de Lausanne (1923)]]
'''B''' - [[Belpaire]] - [[Budd]]<br>
[[it:Trattato di Losanna]]
'''C''' - [[Climax Locomotive Works]] - [[Cooke Locomotive Works]]<br>
[[he:הסכם לוזאן]]
'''D''' - [[Derby Works]] - [[Drewry]] - [[Dunkirk Engineering Company]]<br>
[[nl:Vrede van Lausanne]]
'''E''' - [[Eastwick and Harrison]]<br>
[[ja:ローザンヌ条約]]
'''F''' - [[Foster, Rastrick and Company]]<br>
[[ru:Лозаннская конференция]]
'''H''' - [[Heisler Locomotive Works]] - [[Hinkley Locomotive Works]] - [[Hunslet Engine Co.]]<br>
[[sr:Лозански мир 1923.]]
'''I''' - [[Ingersoll-Rand]]<br>
[[fi:Lausannen sopimus]]
'''J''' - [[J.G. Brill Company]]<br>
[[sv:Lausannefreden]]
'''L''' - [[La Brugeoise et Nivelles]] - [[Locks and Canals Machine Shop]]<br>
[[tr:Lozan Antlaşması]]
'''M''' - [[Manchester Locomotive Works]]<br>
[[ur:معاہدہ لوزان]]
'''N''' - [[National Locomotive Works]] - [[New Jersey Locomotive and Machine Company]] - [[Newcastle Manufacturing Company]]<br>
'''P''' - [[Pullman-Standard]]<br>
'''R''' - [[Robert Stephenson & Hawthorne]] - [[Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works]]<br>
'''S''' - [[St. Louis Car Company]] - [[Stearns Manufacturing Company]]<br>
'''T''' - [[Taunton Locomotive and Manufacturing Company]] - [[Tredegar Iron Works]]<br>
'''W''' - [[West Point Foundry]] - [[William Norris (locomotives)]]<br>
'''Y''' - [[Yorkshire Engine Co.]]
===People===
'''A''' - [[Horatio Allen]]<br>
'''B''' - [[Matthias W. Baldwin]] - [[Andrew Barclay]] - [[John W. Barriger III]] - [[O. W. Bayley]] - [[Arthur W. Bell]] - [[Benjamin Biaggini]] - [[John Brandt]] - [[Horatio G. Brooks]]<br>
'''C''' - [[Henry R. Campbell]] - [[Joel Coffin]] - [[Charles Collett]] - [[Thomas Conway, Jr.]]<br>
'''D''' - [[Charles Danforth]] - [[Henry deForest]] - [[Isaac Dripps]]<br>
'''E''' - [[Thomas Mellon Evans]]<br>
'''F''' - [[Matthias N. Forney]] - [[Alan Furth]]<br>
'''H''' - [[Fairfax Harrison]] - [[Fred Harvey]] - [[Charles Hayes]] - [[Thomas Hogg]] - [[Hale Holden]] - [[William S. Hudson]]<br>
'''J''' - [[John B. Jervis]]<br>
'''K''' - [[Robert Krebs]] - [[Julius Krutschnitt]]<br>
'''L''' - [[John P. Laird]] - [[Robert Lovett]]<br>
'''M''' - [[Anatole Mallet]] - [[Angus Daniel McDonald]] - [[Denman McNear]] - [[Armand Mercier]] - [[James Millholland]] - [[Harry Mitchell]]<br>
'''N''' - [[Septimus Norris]]<br>
'''P''' - [[William Nelson Page]]<br>
'''R''' - [[Thomas Rogers]] - [[Donald Russell]]<br>
'''S''' - [[Paul Shoup]] - [[John Y. Smith]] - [[Samuel Spencer]] - [[William Sproule]] - [[Robert L. Stevens]] - [[Alpheas Beede Stickney]]<br>
'''V''' - [[Mantis Van Sweringen]] - [[Oris Van Sweringen]]<br>
'''W''' - [[Frederick Methvan Whyte]]
===Museums===
[[Birmingham Railway Museum]] - [[East Anglian Railway Museum]] - [[Illinois Railway Museum]] - [[Kentucky Railway Museum]] - [[Midland Railway Centre]] - [[Museum of Transportation]] - [[Reading Signal Works]] - [[Steamtown National Historic Site]] - [[Telford Railway Centre]]
===Miscellaneous===
[[Articulated]] - [[Brakeman]] - [[Class 2 railroad]] - [[Diesel-hydraulic]] - [[Diesel-mechanical]] - [[Dieselization]] - [[Double acting]] - [[Engine driver]] - [[Fair of the Iron Horse]] - [[Flying banana]] - [[Freight rail system]] - [[Harvey Girl]] - [[Harvey House]] - [[Hostler]] - [[Intermodal transportation]] - [[National Railway Appliance Exhibition]] - [[New Haven Union Station]] - [[Railway and Locomotive Historical Society]] - [[Reduction gearing]] - [[Saturated steam]] - [[Shovelnose]] - [[Union Station (Denver)]] - [[Urban transit]] - [[Warbonnet]] - [[Zephyrette]]
===Model railroading===
====Prominent model railroaders====
[[John Allen]] - [[John Armstrong (model railroader)]] - [[Tony Koester]]
====Prominent model railroads====
[[Gorre and Daphetid]] - [[Virginian and Ohio]]
====Modular standards====
[[BendTrak]]
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