Clive Davis and Ascent of Mont Ventoux: Difference between pages

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[[Image:CliveDavis.jpg|thumb]]'''Clive Jay Davis''' (born [[April 4]], [[1932]]) is a [[Grammy Award]] winning record producer and a leading music industry executive. From 1967-72 he was the President of [[CBS Records|Columbia Records]], was the founder and president of [[Arista Records]] in the late 1970s through late 1990s, founded [[J Records]] and is the President of [[RCA Records]] as well as [[J Records]] and [[Arista]] which makes up the [[RCA Music Group]] which he runs. In 2004 he was made chairman of the North American division of [[BMG]]. Davis is a member of the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] as a non-performer.

{{AfDM|page=Birthday of alpinism|date=2007 June 21|substed=yes}}

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[[Image:Ventoux Nordseite Schnee unterhalb des Gipfels.jpg|Thumb|right|200px|Mount Ventoux]]

==Early life and career: The CBS years==

Davis is from a [[working class]] [[Jew]]ish family and grew up in [[Brooklyn, New York]]. He was named Clive by his mother, who was a great fan of a British actor with that name. Davis graduated magna cum laude, [[Phi Beta Kappa]] from [[New York University College of Arts and Science]] in [[1953]] and received a scholarship to [[Harvard Law School]]. Davis graduated and practiced law in a small firm which folded, then moved on to the firm of Rosenman, Colin, Kaye, Petschek and Freund, which had [[CBS Records]] as a client. Davis was then hired by the legal department of CBS subsidiary [[Columbia Records]].

'''Birth of Alpinism''' is the start of the concept of modern day mountain climbing for the sport.<ref>[http://www.koreaontherocks.com/forums/showthread.php?t=445 History of First Ascents]</ref><ref>[http://www.localescapes.com/marketing/pages/Mountaineering-History-4511.html Mountaineering History]</ref><ref>[http://www.lottery-news.net/dust6984-mountaineer_accessories.html Mountaineer Definitions and Statistics]</ref><ref>Petrarch's letter dated April 26, 1336, had been declared as the [http://www.sbg.ac.at/ges/people/rohr/nsk2002.htm beginning of alpinism].Man and nature in the Middle Ages - Lecture at Novosibirsk State University 2002

Davis became a protegé of [[CBS Records]] President [[Goddard Lieberson]], and discovered a passion for music which led him up the ranks of Columbia/CBS. In [[1967]], he became president of CBS Records and, more or less by accident, he became a convert to the newest generation of [[folk rock]] and [[rock and roll]]. One of his earliest pop signings was the British folk-rock musician [[Donovan]], who enjoyed a string of successful hit singles and albums released in the USA on the Epic label.

Christian ROHR, University of Salzburg, Austria; page 3.</ref> [[Francesco Petrarch]] is regarded as the "Father of Alpinism"<ref>[http://s24.realgolfonline.org/rockclimbingalabama/mountain-climbing.html Mountain Climbing News]</ref><ref>[http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:DKGUnhmFpY4J:www.sjr.mb.ca/ms/banner/2006/6jh/mc/history.htm+Mountain+Climbing+History+%22Father+of+Alpinism%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=us Mountain Climbing History]</ref><ref>Location of a village where there is a [http://www.theluberon.com/fontaine.htm Petrarch Museum and Monument] identifying that April 26, 1336, is known as the ''" birth of alpinism and Petrarch its father. "''</ref>because of his ascent of Mont Ventoux.<ref>"Petrarch at the Peak of Fame" by Lyell Asher describes [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8129%28199310%29108%3A5%3C1050%3APATPOF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage "the first recorded Alpinist."] and April 26, 1336 as a "most notorious date on the calender of his impieties."</ref><ref>[http://www.mounteverest.net/story/HappybirthdayPetrarchTheGrandfatherofAlpinismJul202004.shtml Petrarch: The Grandfather of Alpinism]</ref> This is a 6,200-foot peak near Petrarch's home in [[Carpentras]], France. A century later, a chapel dedicated to the [[Christian cross|Holy Cross]] was built on the top of the mountain. Today there is a steep road to the top of [[Mount Ventoux]] that is sometimes painfully incorporated into the [[Tour de France]]. Petrarch then was about 30 years of age.<ref>[http://petrarch.petersadlon.com/timeline.html Timeline of Petrarch's life.]</ref> In a letter dated April 26 of that year by the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch to Francesco Dionigi of Borgo San Sepolcro,<ref>[http://www.bookrags.com/Mountaineering The famous letter that Petrarch composed on the evening of that day.]</ref> a close friend of Petrarch's who was an [[Augustinian]] [[monk]], he gives his account of the ascent.<ref>[http://www.couloirmag.com/articles/dynamic_articlepg.php?articleID=129 account of ascent of Mont Ventoux]</ref> This letter reads in part:<blockquote>"Today, I ascended the highest mountain in this region, which, not without cause, they call the Windy Peak. Nothing but the desire to see its conspicuous height was the reason for this undertaking."<ref>The Ascent of Mount Ventoux, a letter to Dionisio da Borgo San Sepolcro [http://history.hanover.edu/texts/petrarch/pet17.html - Familiar Letters]</ref>

</blockquote>

In''The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy'' [[Jacob Burkhardt]] describes Petrarch's ascent as the first time mountain climbing had been undertaken just for the sport of it.<ref>Burkhardt, Jacob. ''[http://www.boisestate.edu/courses/hy309/docs/burckhardt/burckhardt.html The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy]'', translated by Middlemore.</ref>

In June 1967, at the urging of his friend and business associate [[Lou Adler]] Davis attended the [[Monterey Pop Festival]] and was inspired by what he saw as the future of music. He immediately signed [[Janis Joplin]] and [[Big Brother & the Holding Company]], and Columbia went on to sign [[Laura Nyro]], [[Jimmie Spheeris]], [[Electric Flag]], [[Carlos Santana|Santana]], [[Bruce Springsteen]], [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]], [[Billy Joel]], [[Blood, Sweat & Tears]], and [[Pink Floyd]].<ref>

<br />

<br />

''Famous First Facts: International Edition'' credits the Italian poet Francesco Petrarch for writing of the first account of mountain climbing of importance,<blockquote>

"In April 1336 'to see what so great an elevation had to ofer,' he climbed the peak of Mount Ventoux in Provence, France, which is 6,203 feet high (1,909 meters). In a letter to the Augustinian monk Dionisio da Borgo San Sep, he later wrote: 'I stood like one dazed, I beheld the clouds under our feet, and what I had read of Athos and Olympus seemed less incredible as I witnessed the same things from a mountain less famous.'<ref>Famous First Facts International, H.W. Wilson, New York 2000, ISBN 0-8242-0958-3, page 414, item 5726.</ref></blockquote>

[[Morris Bishop]]'s book, ''Petrarch and His World'', has a long chapter titled "The Ascent of Mont Ventoux" on the ascent Petrarch made to the top of Mont Ventoux. He says in this chapter, <Blockquote>

In the same years, he also pressured jazz icon [[Miles Davis]] in inserting electric elements in his music, thus helping to start the process that would ultimeately result in the creation of [[jazz fusion|fusion]].</ref> The company, which had previously avoided rock music, doubled its market share in three years. One of the biggest recordings released during Davis' tenure at [[CBS Records]] was [[Lynn Anderson]]'s "[[Rose Garden]]", in late [[1970]]. It was Clive Davis who insisted "[[Rose Garden]]" be the country singer's next single release. The song reached number one in 16 countries around the world, won a slew of awards and made [[Lynn Anderson]] a household name. In 1972, Davis also signed the group [[Earth, Wind & Fire]] to [[CBS Records]].

"There is no clear record that anyone ever climbed a mountain for pleasure or mere curiosity from the time of King Philip of Macedonia to that of Petrarch. True, there is the case of King Peter of Aragon in the thirteenth century, who is said to have climbed Mount Canigou in the Pyrenees only to see what was on the summit. There he found a lake with monstrous hovering dragon, darkening the face of heaven with his breath. I think we may rule this out. We may rule out also the Alpine hermits, who sought their high retreats only to escape the world; and even Empedocles, who climbed Mount Etna in order to throw himself in the crater. Of course there were hunters, pursuing game to the upper fast-nesses, and shepherds seeking stray sheep or goats. However, Petrarch remains the first recorded Alpinist, the first to climb a mountain because it is there....Probably by design, for Petrarch had a great sense of anniversaries, he planned the ascent for April 26, 1336, exactly ten years from the day he and Gherardo had left Bologna." '' <ref> ''Petrarch and His World.'' by Morris Bishop; Bloomington, Indiana. Indiana University Press 1963, page 104. </ref> </blockquote>

The sport of mountaineering began in the Alps and is the reason for the term ''alpinist'' - meaning mountain climber.<ref> New Standard Encyclopedia, Standard Educational Corporation 1992 (Chicago), Volume 9 page M-592a.</ref>

In 1972, amid government investigations of financial irregularities in the record industry, CBS, nervous about losing its licenses, fired Davis and his Director of Artist Relations, [[David Wynshaw]], charging that they had used company money for personal expenses. In [[1976]] he was convicted of tax evasion and sentenced the maximum fine of $10,000. The government dropped five other counts against him.

[[Garrett Mattingly]], a professor of European history at Columbia University, writes of Petrarch's ascent on Mount Ventoux in his book ''Renaissance Profiles'' (co-author [[John H. Plumb]]) and refers to him as being the Father of Alpinism.<ref>''Renaisssance Profiles'' by Garrett Mattingly, pages 1-17, New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-131162-6.</ref>

==The Arista years==

After being fired from [[CBS Records]], [[Columbia Pictures]] hired Clive Davis to be a consultant for the company’s record and music operations. After taking time out to write his memoirs, he was offered the presidency of the division in late [[1974]]. Davis subsequntly merged the various labels -- [[Colpix Records]], [[Colgems Records]] and [[Bell Records]] -- into a new entity named [[Arista Records]], ultimately buying a percentage of the company from Columbia Pictures. The label was named Arista after New York City's secondary school honor society (of which Davis was a member).

In a University of Illinois paper of 1995 presented at the Phi Alpha Theta Regional Conference reference is made of [[Petrarch]] undertaking his climb of [[Mount Ventoux]] in April of 1336 after his reading of Livy's account of how Philip of Macedon climbed Mount Hermus and refers to Morris Bishop calling Petrarch as being "the first modern mountain-climber."<ref>[http://members.tripod.com/~kimmel/Petrarch.html Petrarch: Books and the Life of the Mind]</ref>

This label has one of the most diverse lineups in the record industry. It has been home to [[Grammy Award]] winning pop superstar and the best-selling artist on label [[Whitney Houston]], singer-songwriter [[Barry Manilow]], [[Dionne Warwick]], [[Monica (singer)|Monica]], [[Gary Glitter]], [[Exposé (band)|Exposé]], [[Angie Aparo]], [[Sarah McLachlan]], [[Annie Lennox]], saxophonist [[Kenny G]], rappers [[The Notorious B.I.G.]] and [[Sean Combs|Sean "Diddy" Combs]], [[Aretha Franklin]], [[Toni Braxton]], [[Air Supply]], [[Ace of Base]], [[The Alpha Band]], [[The Grateful Dead]], [[TLC (music)|TLC]], [[Willie Nile]], [[Bay City Rollers]], [[Nona Hendryx]], and [[Patti Smith]] among others. In the 1970s, Arista also had an extensive jazz line, most notably its [[Freedom Records|Freedom]] imprint, concentrating on contemporary, sometimes avant-garde, musicians and widely praised reissues from the legendary [[Savoy]] label.

In an online article called "What is Mountaineering" they mention Petrarch as being known as the Father of Alpinism.<ref>[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-mountaineering.htm What is Mountaineering?]</ref> In another article of December 2006 Quadrant Magazine says,<blockquote>

Davis was parodied in part by [[Patrick Macnee]], in the [[1984]] movie ''[[This is Spinal Tap]]'' and he figured prominently in the [[Frederic Dannen]] book ''[[Hit Men: Powerbrokers and Fast Money Inside the Music Business]]'' (1990) which exposed the wheeling and dealing behind the scenes in the US record industry from the 1960s to the 1980s.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} On [[January 28]], [[1997]], Davis received a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]].

"One small episode in late medieval history is often singled out for special mention by historians, especially those with an interest in environmental history. This concerns the ascent of Mt Ventoux in France by Petrarch in 1336. [[Kenneth Clark]], the noted art historian, supposes that Petrarch "was, as everybody knows, the first to climb a mountain for its own sake, and to enjoy the view from the top" (Landscape into Art, 1949). Many other historians quote this same event as providing the earliest example of the new humanistic, Renaissance spirit where nature was enjoyed for its own sake. I have come across this assertion in several history books and commentaries on the man-in-nature question." <ref>Quadrant article [http://quadrant.org.au/php/issue_view.php?issue_id=82 "Petrarch and the Mountain"]by B.J. Coman, December 2006 - Volume L Number 12.</ref></blockquote>

Bruce MacLennan identifies in his article '"Some Remarks of Hillman on Renaissance Neoplatonism and Archetypal Psychology" the rediscovery of soul and its paradoxical nature in Petrarch's descent from Mont Ventoux:<ref>[http://www.cs.utk.edu/~mclennan/Classes/US310/On-Hillman.html Renaissance Neoplatonism and Archetypal Psychology]</ref>

In [[2000]], Davis ran into disagreements with Arista owners [[BMG]] (a member of the [[Bertelsmann]] group) over the way he ran the label. Reports point to his age (late sixties at the time), lack of a succession plan, and free-spending habits as points of contention. Once released from Arista, he founded yet another independent record label, [[J Records]]. Bertelsmann even invested [[USD|$]]150,000,000 in the company. In building his new company, some of his first signings were recording artists [[Luther Vandross]] and [[Alicia Keys]]. That year, Davis was inducted into the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] in the non-performers branch.

<blockquote>[[James Hillman]], one of the founders of modern [[archetypal psychology]], which is a further development of Jung's ideas, has written about the roots of archetypal psychology in Renaissance Neoplatonism. He makes the argument that what enabled the Renaissance was not (as is commonly supposed) the rediscovery of humanity or nature, but the rediscovery of soul and its paradoxical nature, for while it is in us, we are also in it. That is, the imaginative world of the soul has an objective existence independent of our individual egos. He identifies Petrarch's descent from Mont Ventoux as the turning point because, as you will recall, it was there that he consulted Augustine's Confessions at random and, from what he read, realized that the world inside is just as large and real (just as given) as the world outside. In that passage Augustine described his imagination as "a large and boundless chamber," both a power of his and a part of his nature, yet beyond his comprehension. "Therefore is the mind too strait to contain itself." </blockquote>

A historian might put the ascent of Mount Ventoux by Petrarch and his comrades as a symbolic act marking the beginning of the new humanistic "Renaissance" spirit.<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/petrarch-ventoux.html Medieval Sourcebook: Petrarch: The Ascent of Mount Ventoux]</ref> The ascent of Mount Ventoux in the spring of 1336 by Petrarch correlates directly with [[humanism]], personal growth and [[self-knowledge]]. The event of the birth of alpinism is associated with [[Discovery (observation)|discovery]] and [[Enlightenment (concept)|enlightenment]].<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/super2/petrarch/humanism.html Humanisn] as it relates to Petrarch's climb of Mount Ventoux.</ref> [[Pope Innocent III]] in his classic non-humanistic work ''Misery of the Human Condition'' asked the same question of why people climb mountains. He came up with the same answer as Petrarch: "the need to see the vista." This event of Petrarch's ascent to the top of Mount Ventoux just to see the view of the landscape is in the cultural history of Europe

<ref>[http://www.landscape-europe.net/ELCAI_projectreport_book_amended.pdf European Landscape Character Areas], Final Project Report Project: FP5 EU Accompanying Measure Contract: ELCAI-EVK2-CT-2002-80021, page 12.</ref> regarded iconographically as "the beginning of a conscious perception of landscape."<ref>''The Mental Component of the Earth System'' by W. Luchr and R. K. Pachauri, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany,

The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi 110003, India; Chapter toward end of book (page 359) in the APPENDIX: four stories as food for thought, the second story called "Petrarca and von Humboldt: Poet and Scientist."</ref>

Petrarch is known for being the father of Italian Renaissance humanism. In the Renaissance, Greek ideals were taken up when in 1336 Petrarch wrote of philosophical concepts found in the birth of alpinism which he expressed in his letter of April 26 ''The Ascent of Mount Ventoux'' : <blockquote> "Yes, the life which we call blessed is to be sought for on a high eminence, and strait is the way that leads to it. Many, also, are the hills that lie between, and we must ascend, by a glorious stairway, from strength to strength. At the top is at once the end of our struggles and the goal for which we are bound. All wish to reach this goal, but, as Ovid says, ‘To wish is little; we must long with the utmost eagerness to gain our end.’” Niccolò Machiavelli perceived plainly that the struggle against necessity required that an individual have excellence and freedom as primary life purposes."</blockquote>

Three years later, at the beginning of [[2003]], [[BMG]] wooed Davis back into the fold, naming him head of [[RCA Records]]. The following year in [[2004]], Davis was promoted to Chairman and CEO of BMG North America by Rolf Schmidt-Holtz. He now oversees the careers of such artists like [[Justin Timberlake]], [[Christina Aguilera]], [[Kelly Clarkson]], [[Fantasia Barrino|Fantasia]], and [[Jennifer Hudson]]. Late in [[2006]], Clive announced that the best singer & best selling artist on his label, [[Whitney Houston]], would be making a comeback early/mid-[[2007]]. Whitney started to record her album [[March]] 13, 2007.

==OtherNotes achievementsand References==

{{reflist}}

In 2003, Davis donated money to the [[Tisch School of the Arts]] at [[New York University]] (NYU) to create the Clive Davis Department of Recorded Music. The undergraduate program, the first of its kind in the country, recognizes the creative record producer as an artist in his or her own right and musical recording itself as a creative medium.

== External links Links==

He has been at the forefront of ''[[American Idol]]'', as it is his company that signs the ''American Idol'' winners and runners-up. He has appeared as a guest judge in every season and has chosen songs for the finalists to sing during the last weeks of competition.

* ''Fleeting Moments: Nature and Culture in American History'' By Gunther Paul Barth, [http://books.google.com/books?id=Z0EKPTCUO1QC&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=april+26+1336+petrarch+fleeting+moments&source=web&ots=yQq1x834nR&sig=US7ZOjeMRP5A3s-VuCvwbiDUNds a book] describing Petrarch's ascent of Mont Ventoux related to man-in-nature and religion.

* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9F03E2DC153EF935A35755C0A96F958260 New York Times] 2006 article by Richard B. Woodward describing Petrarch in various histories as the first mountaineer and as a pioneer of sightseeing.

* [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=travel&res=9F03E2DC153EF935A35755C0A96F958260 New York Times] 1999 article by Michael Kimmelman in "environmental writing" talks about the significance of Petrarch's ascent in 1336.

* Article talking about Petrarch's ascent of Mount Ventoux as the potential intellectual precursor of [http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Petrarch.html Columbus crossing the Atlantic].

* Petrarch's ascent has done much to shape and form historic and contemporary interest in the [http://clarionjournal.typepad.com/clarion_journal_of_spirit/2006/06/the_ascent_of_m.html role of mountaineering and quests].

* Article of Petrarch's ascent of Mont Ventoux [http://www.warmwell.com/04sep11jenkins.html influencing mountaineering] to this day and its metaphorical significance.

* Article explaining Petrarch was the first person on April 26, 1336, to climb a mountain [http://www.onlib.org/website/reading/fearless_reader/Petrarch.htm just because it was there.]

*Petrarch was the first self-consciously literate educated person to climb a mountain just for [http://blogs.salon.com/0002296/2006/05/21.html the vista.]

* Article explaining that Petrarch with his brother went past a shepard [http://utopianturtletop.blogspot.com/2004/02/sightseeing-weather-and-lyric.html on the ascent.]

*Article analyzing the letter dated April 26, 1336, and [http://www.contempaesthetics.org/newvolume/pages/article.php?articleID=289 philosophical significance.]

==Bibliography==

In December 2006 it was announced by ''[[The X Factor (TV series)|The X Factor]]'' judge Simon Cowell that Davis had agreed to join in on making the latest ''X Factor'' winner [[Leona Lewis]] a star. In February 2007, Davis signed Lewis up for a $9.7million five-album record deal.

*''The Renaissance philosophy of man'', translation selections by [[Ernst Cassirer]]; [[Paul Oskar Kristeller]]; [[John Herman Randall]], University of Chicago Press, 1956 (OCLC: 71231567), 1971

*Petrarch ''Letter to Francesco Dionigi de'Roberti, 26 April 1336'' (The Ascent of Mount Ventoux). Translated by Hans Nachod in ''The Renaissance Philosophy of Man'', ed. Ernst Cassirer et al., pages 36-46. Chicago: [[University of Chicago]], 1948. ISBN 0-226-09604-1

*''Encyclopedia of World Biography'', 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998; ""Francesco Petrarca" - extensive article on his life with parts pertaining to his ascent of Mont Ventoux.

*Petrarca, Francesco, and John DePol. [Ad Dyonisium de Burgo Sancti Sepulcri ... de curis propriis. English] The ascent of Mount Ventoux: a letter from Petrarch. New York: Petrarch Press, 1989. 11 p., [1] leaf of plates. PQ4519.V44P413 1989

*Petrarca, Francesco. (Ad Dyonisium de Burgo Sancti Sepulcri ... de curis propriis. Italian & Latin) ''Francisci Petrarchae Ascensus Montis Ventosi.'' &, ''Une ascension au mont Ventoux.'' Editiones Officinae Bodoni. Verona: Officina Bodoni, 1965; 83 p. PQ4519.V44P416 1965

Clive Davis has won four [[Grammy Awards]]. At the 42nd Annual [[Grammy Awards]] in [[2000]] he won [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Album|Best Rock Album]] and [[Grammy Award for Album of the Year|Album of the Year]] for producing [[Carlos Santana]]'s "[[Supernatural (Santana album)|Supernatural]]", as well as receiving the 2000 Trustees Grammy Award for Lifetime Achievement. At the 48th Annual [[Grammy Awards]] in [[2006]] he won [[Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album|Best Pop Vocal Album]] for Producing [[Kelly Clarkson]]'s "[[Breakaway (album)|Breakaway]]".

*Petrarca, Francesco. (Ad Dyonisium de Burgo Sancti Sepulcri ... de curis propriis. Italian & Latin) ''La lettera del Ventoso: Familiarium rerum libri'' IV, 1: testo a fronte. Di monte in monte, 1. Verbania: Tarara, 1996. 75 p. PQ4519.V44P416 1996

Davis usually announces the successes of past [[American Idol]] contestants on each season finale of [[American Idol]].

*Petrarca, Francesco, and Rodney John Lokaj. (''Familiarum rerum libri.'' IV, 1. English & Latin] ''Petrarch's Ascent of Mount Ventoux: the Familiaris'' IV, I: new commented edition. Scriptores latini, 23. Roma: Edizioni dell'Ateneo, 2006. 213 p.PQ4490.E2313 2005

== External links ==

[http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/2002/January15_11_35_9.html Clive Davis on World Top 100 A&R Chart]

<br>

[http://www.myspace.com/misterclivedavis Clive Davis MySpace profile]

*Petrarca. ''Wege der Forschung,'' Bd. 353. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, [Abt. Verlag], 1976. 463 p.PQ4504.P4

== References ==

<references/>

*Petrarch. ''Modern critical views.'' New York: Chelsea House, 1989. 175 p. PQ4505.P4 1989

{{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Clive}}

*Cassirer, Ernst, ed, Paul Oskar Kristeller, joint ed., and John Herman Randall, joint ed.. ''The Renaissance philosophy of man.'' University of Chicago Press (1948), 404 p. B775.C32

[[Category:1932 births]]

[[Category:American businesspeople]]

*Cassirer, Ernst, ed, Paul Oskar Kristeller, ed., and John Herman Randall, joint edition. ''The Renaissance philosophy of man.'' Selections in translation. Phoenix, AZ., books, P1. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, (1967, c1948) 405 p.B780.M3C37 1967

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[[Category:American music industry executives]]

[[Category:Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees]]

[[Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame]]

[[Category:People from BrooklynMountaineering]]

[[Category:Living peopleClimbing]]

[[Category:Grammy Award winnersLetters]]

[[Category:New York University alumni]]

[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]

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