Vickers Vanguard and Indult Catholic: Difference between pages

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{{Merge|Traditionalist Catholic|date=October 2006}}

''The name "Vanguard" had earlier been used on a civilian model of the [[Vickers Virginia]] [[bomber]], other versions of the same aircraft being the Victoria and Valentia.''

'''Indult Catholics''' is a term used to denote [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] who prefer to attend the Latin-language [[Tridentine Mass|Tridentine rite of Mass]] as used prior to 1969 rather than the [[Mass of Paul VI|standard present-day form]] of the liturgy. Unlike other Catholics who share this preference, they attend only celebrations of the Tridentine rite which have the approval of the Church authorities.

==The ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' Indult and ''Ecclesia Dei''==

The '''Vanguard''' (Type 950) was a short/medium-range [[turboprop]] [[airliner]] introduced in [[1959 in aviation|1959]] by [[Vickers-Armstrong]], a development of their successful [[Vickers Viscount|Viscount]] design with considerably more internal room. The Vanguard was introduced just before the first of the large jet-powered airliners, and was largely ignored by the market. Only 43 were built, ordered by [[Trans-Canada Airlines]] (TCA) and [[British European Airways]] (BEA). After only about 10 years service TCA experimentally converted one of theirs to a freighter configuration, calling it the '''Cargoliner'''. This was considered rather successful, and in the early 1970s most were converted to freighters, those from BEA becoming the '''Merchantman'''. These freighters remained in service for many years, with the last one (G-APEP) only retiring in [[1996 in aviation|1996]].

Ever since the Mass of Paul VI replaced the Tridentine Mass in 1969-1970, some priests have been granted permission by the [[Holy See]] to continue to celebrate the old liturgy. For example, elderly priests were not required to adopt the new form, when it was introduced. On [[5 November]] [[1971]], in response to a request from Cardinal [[John Carmel Heenan]], the bishops of England and Wales were authorized to grant permission [http://www.latin-mass-society.org/engind.htm] for the occasional celebration of Mass in the old form, with the modifications introduced in 1965 and 1967. Traditionalist Catholics gave the indult thus granted the nickname of the "[[Agatha Christie indult]]", a reference to the fact that the crime novelist [[Agatha Christie]] was the best known of the mainly non-Catholic signatories of a petition [http://www.secondspring.co.uk/spirituality/appeal.htm] sent earlier that year to the Holy See, requesting that the old form of the Mass should be allowed "to survive, even though this survival took place side by side with other liturgical forms."

In 1984, the [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]] sent the circular letter ''[[Quattuor abhinc annos]]''<ref>text at the [http://www.adoremus.org/Quattuorabhincannos.html Adoremus] website</ref> to the presidents of the [[Episcopal Conferences]], granting diocesan bishops an "indult" (permission) to authorize, under certain conditions, celebrations of the [[Tridentine Mass]] as contained in the 1962 edition of the [[Roman Missal]] by priests and laypeople who request it.

[[image:Vickers vanguard.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The double-bubble fuselage is clearly visible, as are the larger than normal windows kept from the Viscount]]

Following the canonically illegal consecration of four bishops by Archbishop [[Marcel Lefebvre]], Pope [[John Paul II]] issued on [[2 July]] [[1988]] a ''[[motu proprio]]'' entitled ''[[Ecclesia Dei]]'' recommending a "wide and generous application of the directives of the 1984 indult. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] is planned to greater extend John Paul's indult by a highly anticipated ''motu proprio'' in [[July]] [[2007]].

==History==

Originally designed to a BEA requirement for a 100-seat aircraft to replace their Viscounts. The original '''Type 870''' design was then modified when TCA expressed their interest in the design as well, and Vickers returned the updated '''Type 950''' that filled both requirements.

==Indult Catholics within Traditionalist Catholicism==

The main difference between the Viscount and Vanguard was the construction of the fuselage. The Vanguard started with the original Viscount fuselage, but cut it off about 1/2 of the way up from the bottom, and replaced the top section with a larger-diameter fuselage to give it a ''double bubble'' cross-section (similar to the [[Boeing Stratocruiser]]). The result of the larger upper portion was a considerably roomier interior, with increased cargo capacity below the floor.

The main condition on which diocesan bishops can grant authorization under the ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' indult is: "That it be made publicly clear beyond all ambiguity that such priests and their respective faithful in no way share the positions of those who call in question the legitimacy and doctrinal exactitude of the Roman Missal promulgated by [[Pope Paul VI]] in 1970."

Many diocesan bishops have decided not to grant permission to use the old rite to certain priests or laypeople, In many cases this is because, in the opinion of the bishops in question, they do not meet this condition. Other refusals of permission are arguably more difficult to explain or justify.

[[image:Vanguard_BEA_Heathrow.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Vickers Vanguard (G-APEC) at London (Heathrow) Airport in 1965. This aircraft was built in 1959 and was lost (broke up in flight) in 1971.]]

Those [[traditionalist Catholic]]s who, like the supporters of the [[Society of St. Pius X]], do question the legitimacy and doctrinal exactitidue of the revised rite, and are thus in a state of separation from the Holy See, claim that no authorization is required for celebrating Mass in the older form. They decry those who accept the conditions attached to the ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' indult - indeed, it was in this context that the term "Indult Catholics" originated - and frequently do not recognise them as fellow traditionalists.

With this larger, and heavier, fuselage came the need for a new engine to lift it. Rolls-Royce was ready for this, and delivered their new [[Rolls-Royce Tyne|Tyne]] design with a nominal 4,000 hp (3,000 kW) (as compared to the Viscount's [[Rolls-Royce Dart|Dart]] of about 1,700 hp (1,300 kW)).

==Groups of indult Catholics==

The first Type 950 prototype flew on [[20 January]] 1959, entering service in [[1961 in aviation|1961]]. The last Merchantman (Vanguard) was retired by Hunting Cargo Airlines on [[30 September]] [[1996 in aviation|1996]] and donated to [[Brooklands Museum]] on [[17 October]].

Groups of indult Catholics include priestly societies such as the [[Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter]], the [[Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest]], the [[Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney]], and other clerical and lay groups.

==VariantsReferences==

<references />

:Type 951: BEA, 20 ordered, 6 delivered

:Type 952: TCA, more powerful engine and stronger fuselage for height weights, 23 delivered

:Type 953: BEA, more powerful engines and more seating, 14 delivered replacing 951's

:Type 953C Merchantman: 9 Conversions from Type 953

==See also==

==Specifications (Type 952)==

*[[Ecclesia Dei]]

===General characteristics===

*[[Indult]]

* '''Crew:''' 2-3

*[[Mass of Paul VI]]

* '''Capacity:''' 139 passengers

*[[Traditionalist Catholic]]

* '''Length:''' 122 ft 10 in (37.50 m)

*[[Tridentine Mass]]

* '''Wingspan:''' 118 ft 7 in (36.10 m)

* '''Height:''' 34 ft 11 in (10.60 m)

* '''Wing area:''' 1,527 ft&sup2; (142 m&sup2;)

* '''Empty:''' 82,500 lb (37,421 kg)

* '''Loaded:''' 141,000 lb (63,977 kg)

* '''Maximum takeoff:''' lb ( kg)

* '''Powerplant:''' 4x [[Rolls-Royce Tyne]] RTy.11 Mk 512 [[turboprop]]s, 5,545 hp (4,135 kW) each

===Performance=Organizations==

*[[Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter|Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter]]

* '''Maximum speed:''' 425 mph (684 km/h)

*[[Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest]]

* '''Range:''' 1,830 miles (2,945 km)

*[[Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney|Priestly Society of Saint John Mary Vianney]]

* '''Service ceiling:''' 30,000 ft (9,145 m)

*[[Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem]]

* '''Rate of climb:''' ft/min ( m/min)

*[[Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer]]

* '''Wing loading:''' 92 lb/ft&sup2; (450 kg/m&sup2;)

*[[Institute of the Good Shepherd]]

* '''Power/Mass:''' 0.16 hp/lb (0.26 kW/kg)

*[[Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius]]

*[[Una Voce]]

==External linklinks==

*[http://stpeters-troy.tripod.com/index.html Tridentine Parish of St. Peter & St. Paul] -- An "[[indult Catholics|indult]]" parish

* http://www.brooklandsmuseum.com

*[http://www.fssp.org/ Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter]

*[http://www.icrsp.org/ Institute of Christ the King, Sovereign Priest]

*[http://www.canonsregular.com/ Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem]

*[http://www.societycantius.org/ Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius]

*[http://www.confiteordeo.info/latin_masses.htm The Indult Tridentine Rite of Mass] at [http://www.confiteordeo.info/ The Truth About the Catholic Church]

[[Category:Ecclesia Dei]]

==Related content==

'''Related development:'''

[[nl:Indultmis]]

'''Comparable aircraft:'''

'''Designation sequence:'''

'''951''' -

'''952''' -

'''952'''

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[[Category:British airliners 1950-1959]]

[[Category:British cargo aircraft 1950-1959]]

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