Isaac Hayes and Earth science: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox musical artist

'''Earth science''' (also known as '''geoscience''', '''the geosciences''' or '''the Earth Sciences'''), is an all-embracing term for the sciences related to the planet [[Earth (planet)|Earth]]. It is arguably a special case in [[planetary science]], being the only known [[life]]-bearing planet. There are both [[reductionist]] and [[holism|holistic]] approaches to Earth science. The major historic [[discipline]]s use [[physics]], [[geology]], [[geography]], [[meteorology]], [[mathematics]], [[chemistry]] and [[biology]] to build a quantitative understanding of the principal areas or ''[[Earth's spheres|spheres]]'' of the Earth system.

|Name = Isaac Hayes

{|

|Img = isaac_hayes_1973.jpg

|-

|Img_capt = Isaac Hayes performs at the International Amphitheater in Chicago as part of the

| __TOC__

annual PUSH `Black Expo`, October 1973

| style="padding-left:4em" valign="top" |

|Img_size = 260

|}

|Background = solo_singer

== Earth's spheres ==

|Birth_name = Isaac Lee Hayes

Earth science generally recognizes 4 spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. These correspond to rocks, water, air, and life. Some practitioners include the crysophere (ice) as a distinct portion of the hydrosphere and the pedosphere (soil) as an active, intermixed sphere as part of Earth's spheres.

|Alias = Black Moses

|Born = [[August 20]], [[1942]]

|Died =

|Origin = [[Covington, Tennessee]]<br>[[Memphis, Tennessee]]

|Instrument = [[Piano]], [[Keyboards]], [[Vocals]], [[Saxophone]]

|Genre = [[R&B]], [[Funk]], [[Soul music|Soul]], [[Disco]]

|Occupation = actor, singer, songwriter, arranger

|Years_active = 1962-present

|Label = [[Stax]]<br/>[[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]<br/>[[Enterprise Records|Enterprise]]<br/>[[ABC Records|ABC]]<br/>[[Columbia Records]]<br/>[[Pointblank Records|Pointblank]]

|Associated_acts = [[The Bar-Kays]]

|URL = http://www.isaachayes.com

|Current_members =

|Past_members =

}}

[[Image:Limu o Pele.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Lava flows from the [[Kīlauea]] volcano into the ocean on the [[Hawaii (island)|Island of Hawaii]]]]

'''Isaac Lee Hayes''' (born [[August 20]], [[1942]], in [[Covington, Tennessee|Covington]], [[Tennessee]]) is an [[actor]], and influential [[soul music|soul]] [[singer]], [[Academy Award]]-winning [[songwriter]], [[musician]] and [[orchestration|arranger]]. He also voiced the character "[[Chef (South Park character)|Chef]]", a singing [[ladies' man]] and elementary school cook, on the popular animated sitcom ''[[South Park]]'' from 1997 until 2006.

*[[Geology]] describes the [[Rock (geology)|rocky]] parts of the Earth's [[Crust (geology)|crust]] (or [[lithosphere]]) and its historic development. Major subdisciplines are [[mineralogy]] and [[petrology]], [[geochemistry]], [[geomorphology]], [[paleontology]], [[stratigraphy]], [[engineering geology]] and [[sedimentology]].

*[[Geophysics]] and [[Geodesy]] investigate the [[figure of the Earth]], its reaction to forces and its [[magnetic field|magnetic]] and [[gravity field]]s. Geophysicists explore the [[Earth's core]] and [[Earth's mantle|mantle]] as well as the [[Plate tectonics|tectonic]] and [[Seismology|seismic]] activity of the lithosphere.

In 1972, Hayes won an Oscar for Best Original Song for the film ''[[Shaft]]''. Hayes became the first African American to win an [[Academy Award]] in a non-acting category. And after [[Hattie McDaniel]], [[James Baskett]] and [[Sidney Poitier]] became only the fourth performer of African descent to ever receive an Academy Award. He was also nominated in the Best Original Score category (for ''Shaft'') as well.

*[[Soil science]] covers the outermost layer of the Earth's crust that is subject to soil formation processes (or [[pedosphere]]). Major subdisciplines include [[edaphology]] and [[Pedology (soil study)|pedology]].

In 1992, Hayes was crowned an honorary king of [[Ghana]]'s [[Ada, Ghana|Ada]] district thanks to his humanitarian deeds.

*[[Oceanography]] and [[hydrology]] (incl. [[limnology]]) describe the marine and freshwater domains of the [[water]]y parts of the Earth (or [[hydrosphere]]). Major subdisciplines include [[hydrogeology]] and [[Physical oceanography|physical]], [[Chemical oceanography|chemical]], and [[Marine biology|biological]] oceanography.

On [[June 9]], [[2005]], Hayes was inducted into the [[Songwriters' Hall of Fame]] alongside [[Bill Withers]], [[Steve Cropper]], [[Robert B. Sherman]], [[Richard M. Sherman]], [[John Fogerty]] and his longtime writing partner [[David Porter]].

*[[Glaciology]] covers the [[ice|icy]] parts of the Earth (or [[cryosphere]]).

*[[Atmospheric sciences]] cover the [[gas]]eous parts of the Earth (or [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]]) between the surface and the [[exosphere]] (~1000 km). Major subdisciplines are [[meteorology]], [[climatology]], [[atmospheric chemistry]] and [[atmospheric physics]].

== Biography ==

==Earth's energy==

Hayes was born and raised in [[Covington, Tennessee]]. His parents died when he was an [[infant]], and he was raised by his grandparents. He began singing at the age of five at his [[church]]. Soon after, he taught himself how to play the [[piano]], [[electronic organ|organ]], and [[saxophone]].

In [[geology]], [[continental drift]]s, [[mountain|mountain range]]s, [[volcano]]s, and [[earthquake]]s are phenomena that can be explained in terms of [[energy transformation]]s in the Earth's crust<ref>http://okfirst.ocs.ou.edu/train/meteorology/EnergyBudget.html</ref>. Recent studies suggest that the Earth transforms about 6.18 x 10^-12 J/s (joules per second) per kilogram. Given the [[Earth#mass|Earth's mass]], the rate of energy transformations inside the Earth is about 37 x 10¹² J/s (37 terawatts). The heat escaping from inside the Earth is only about 0.02% of the amount of energy Earth receives from Sun in the form of sunlight, and radiates back into space in the form of Infra red blackbody radiation (~1.74 x 10¹⁷ J/s = 174 petawatts).

From the study of [[neutrino]]s radiated from the Earth (see [[KamLAND]]), scientists have recently estimated that about 24 terawatts (65%) of this rate of [[energy transformation]] is due to [[radioactive decay]] (principally of [[potassium]] 40, [[thorium]] 232 and [[uranium]] 238), and the remaining 13 terawatts is from the continuous gravitational ''sorting'' of the [[Planetary core|core]] and [[mantle]] of the earth, energies left over from the [[History of Earth|formation of the Earth]], about 4.57 billion years ago (this sorting represents continuing [[gravitational collapse]] of the Earth into the maximally compact object which is consistent with its composition-- a process which releases gravitational potential energy), and finally - from [[tidal flexing]] of Earth interior and crust. The magnitude of all of these energy sources decline over time, and based on half-life alone, it has been estimated that the current [[radioactivity|radioactive energy]] of the planet represents less than 1% of that which was available at the time the planet was formed.

Hayes began his recording career in [[1962]], soon playing [[saxophone]] for [[The Mar-Keys]]. After writing a string of hit songs at [[Stax Records]] with songwriting partner [[David Porter (musician)|David Porter]], including "Soul Man" and "Hold On I'm Comin" for [[Sam and Dave]], Hayes released his debut album ''Presenting Isaac Hayes''. A moderate success, the album was recorded immediately following a wild party.

As a result, geological forces of [[accretion (geology)|continental accretion]], [[subduction]] and [[sea floor spreading]], account for 90% of the Earth's energy. The remaining 10% of geological tectonic energy comes through [[hotspots]] produced by [[mantle plumes]], resulting in [[shield volcanoes]] like [[Hawaii]], [[geyser]] activity like [[Yellowstone]] or [[flood basalt]]s like [[Iceland]].

The top-selling ''[[Hot Buttered Soul]]'' (1969) was a breakthrough album, and established his image (gold jewelry, sunglasses, etc) which eventually became a template for much of the fashion of [[gangsta rap]] and similar trends in the [[1980s]] and [[1990s|90s]]. Hayes' biggest hit was [[1971]]'s [[soundtrack]] to ''[[Shaft (1971 movie)|Shaft]]''. The title song won an Oscar (the first for a Black composer), and clearly presaged [[disco]]. ''Black Moses'' (1971) became almost as successful.

[[Tectonic]] process are driven by heat from the Earth's interior. The process is a simple heat engine which works via the upward buoyancy-induced motion of hot, low density magma after expansion by heat. The processes metamorphose weathered rocks, and (more importantly from the energy view) during [[orogeny]] periods, lift them up into mountain ranges. The potential energy represented by the mountain range's weight and height thus represents heat from the core of the Earth which has been partly transformed into gravitational potential energy. This potential energy may be suddenly released in landslides or [[tsunami]]s. Similarly, the energy release which drives an earthquake represents stresses in rocks that are mechanical potential energy which has been similarly stored from tectonic processes. An earthquake thus ultimately represents kinetic energy which is being released from elastic potential energy in rocks, which in turn has been stored from heat energy released by radioactive decay and gravitational collapse in the Earth's interior.

By 1975, Hayes left Stax Records and formed his own label called Hot Buttered Soul Records. A series of unsuccessful albums led to Hayes' [[bankruptcy]] in 1976. The late [[1970s]] saw a major comeback for Hayes, following the release of ''[[A Man and a Woman]]'' (1977, with [[Dionne Warwick]]). In spite of moderate success as a singer, Hayes' records did not sell very well.

The energy which is responsible for the geological processes of ''erosion and deposition'' is a result of the interaction of solar energy and gravity. An estimated 23% of the total insolation is used to drive the [[water cycle]]. When [[water vapour]] condenses to fall as [[rain]], it dissolves small amounts of [[carbon dioxide]], making a weak [[acid]]. This acid acting upon the metallic [[silicate]]s that form most rocks produces [[chemical weathering]], removing the metals, and leading to the production of rocks and sand, carried by wind and water downslope through gravity to be deposited at the edge of continents in the sea. [[weathering|Physical weathering]] of rocks is produced by the expansion of ice crystals, left by water in the joint planes of rocks. A geologic cycle is continued when these eroded rocks are later uplifted into mountains.

Hayes has also forged a career as an actor in TV shows and feature films. When ''Shaft'' was being filmed, Hayes wanted the lead role, which went to [[Richard Roundtree]]; director [[Gordon Parks]] was impressed with ''Hot Buttered Soul'' where Hayes ended up scoring the film's music.

Similarly meteorological phenomena like [[wind]], [[rain]], [[hail]], [[snow]], [[lightning]], [[tornado]]es and [[hurricanes]], are all a result of energy transformations brought about by solar energy on the planet Earth. It has been estimated that the average total ''solar incoming radiation'' (or [[insolation]]) is about 1350 watts per square meter incident to the summit of the atmosphere, at the equator at midday, a figure known as the [[solar constant]]. Although this amount varies a little each year, as a result of [[solar flares]], [[Solar Prominence|prominences]] and the [[sunspot cycle]]. Some 34% of this is immediately reflected by the planetary [[albedo]], as a result of clouds, snowfields, and even reflected light from water, rock or vegetation. As more energy is received in the tropics than is re-radiated, while more energy is radiated at the poles than is received, climatic homeostasis is only maintained by a transfer of energy from the tropics to the poles. ).[[Image:Volcano q.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A [[volcano]] is the release of stored energy from below the surface of Earth originating in radioactive decay and gravitational sorting in the Earth's core and mantle of energies left over from its formation]]

Hayes was inducted into the [[Rock 'n Roll Hall of Fame]] in 2002.

This transfer of energy is what drives the winds and the ocean currents. Like biological processes, all meteorological processes involve transformation of energy from a concentrated form such as sunlight into a less concentrated form, such as far infrared radiation (i.e., heat radiation at the much smaller characteristic temperatures that occur on Earth, and thus is diffused into many photons. However, energy may be temporarily locally stored during this process, and the sudden release of such stored sources is responsible for the dramatic processes mentioned above. For example, the kinetic energy of a snow-avalanche or hurricane is due to the sudden release of energy previously captured from solar radiations.

==Methodology==

==Live action roles==

Like all other scientists, Earth scientists apply the [[scientific method]]: formulate hypotheses after observation of and gathering data about natural phenomena and then test those hypotheses. In Earth science, data usually plays a critical role in testing and formulating hypotheses.

In the [[1970s]] and [[1980s]] he had appeared in some TV shows, including ''[[The Rockford Files]]'' and ''[[The A-Team]]''. He appeared as the title role in ''[[Truck Turner]]'' (1974), The Duke of New York in ''[[Escape from New York]]'' (1981), "Asneeze" in ''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]'', "Hammer" in ''[[I'm Gonna Git You Sucka]]'' (1988), and as "Jed" in ''[[Uncle Sam]]'' (1997).

== Partial list of the major Earth Science topics ==

In 2004, Hayes appeared in a recurring minor role as the [[Jaffa (Stargate)|Jaffa]] Tolok on the television series ''[[Stargate SG-1]]''. The following year, he appeared in the critically acclaimed independent film ''[[Hustle & Flow]]''.

===Atmosphere===

* [[Atmospheric chemistry]]

* [[Climatology]]

* [[Meteorology]]

** [[Hydrometeorology]]

* [[Paleoclimatology]]

===Biosphere===

==Scientology activism==

* [[Biogeography]]

* [[Paleontology]]

** [[Palynology]]

** [[Micropaleontology]]

* [[Geomicrobiology]]

===Hydrosphere===

Hayes is also an outspoken [[Scientology|Scientologist]], frequently identified by Scientology as a success story. He has called Scientology the "gateway to eternity" and "the path to happiness and total spiritual freedom."

* [[Hydrology]]

** [[Glaciology]]

** [[Limnology]]

* [[Hydrogeology]]

* [[Oceanography]]

** [[Chemical oceanography]]

** [[Marine biology]]

** [[Marine geology]]

** [[Paleoceanography]]

** [[Physical oceanography]]

=== Lithosphere or geosphere===

Hayes has contributed endorsement blurbs for many Scientology books. The [[frontispiece]] page for ''Scientology: The Fundamentals of Thought'' (1997 paperback edition) quotes Hayes as saying:

<blockquote>"If you '''''really''''' want to know about the mind, the spirit and life itself, read ''Scientology: The Fundamentals of Thought''. It will put you on the right path!"</blockquote>

* [[Geology]]

Hayes also appears in the Scientology film ''[[Orientation (film)|Orientation]]'', giving a testimonial on how Scientology has helped him.

** [[Economic geology]]

** [[Engineering geology]]

** [[Environmental geology]]

** [[Historical geology]]

*** [[Glaciology]]

*** [[Quaternary geology]]

** [[Planetary geology]]

** [[Sedimentology]]

** [[Stratigraphy]]

** [[Structural geology]]

* [[Geochemistry]]

* [[Geography]]

** [[Physical geography]]

* [[Geomorphology]]

* [[Geophysics]]

** [[Geochronology]]

** [[Geodynamics]] (see also [[Tectonics]])

** [[Geomagnetic]]s

** [[Gravimetry]] (also part of [[Geodesy]])

** [[Seismology]]

* [[Hydrogeology]]

* [[Mineralogy]]

** [[Crystallography]]

** [[Gemology]]

* [[Petrology]]

* [[Volcanology]]

===Pedosphere===

In February 2006, Hayes appeared in a Scientology music video called "United".

* [[Soil science]]

** [[Edaphology]]

** [[Pedology (soil study)|Pedology]]

===Systems===

==South Park's Chef==

* [[Environmental science]]

* [[Geography]]

** [[Human geography]]

** [[Physical Geography]]

* [[Gaia theory (science)|Gaia theories]]

===Others===

By the late 1990s, he was best known as the voice of Chef on the [[Comedy Central]] series ''[[South Park]]''. A song from the series performed by Chef, "[[Chocolate Salty Balls]] (P.S. I Love You)", received some international radio airplay in 1999. It reached Number One on the [[UK singles chart]] and also on the Irish singles chart. The track subsequently appeared on the album ''[[Chef Aid: The South Park Album]]'' in 1998.

* [[Cartography]]

* [[Geoinformatics]] ([[GIS]])

* [[Geostatistics]]

* [[Geodesy]] and [[Surveying]]

===Hayes's departureNotes and criticism=references ==

<div class="references-small">

<!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->

<references/>

</div>

==See also==

In the ''South Park'' episode "Trapped in the Closet", a satire and exposé of Scientology, Hayes did not appear in his role as Chef. In an interview for ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' on [[January 4]], [[2006]], Hayes was asked about the episode. Hayes said that he told the creators, [[Matt Stone]] and [[Trey Parker]], "Guys, you have it all wrong. We're not like that. I know that's your thing, but get your information correct, because somebody might believe that shit, you know?" He then told them to take a couple of Scientology courses to understand what they do.[http://www.avclub.com/content/node/44132/2]

* [[List of basic earth science topics]]

* [[List of geoscience organizations]]

On [[March 13]], [[2006]], Hayes announced he was asking to be released from his contract with Comedy Central, citing recent episodes which satirized religious beliefs as being intolerant. "There is a place in this world for satire, but there is a time when satire ends and intolerance and bigotry towards religious beliefs of others begins," he was quoted in a press statement. Hayes, however, did not directly mention Scientology. A response from Stone said that Hayes' complaints stemmed from the show's criticism of Scientology and that he "has no problem -- and he's cashed plenty of checks –– with our show making fun of Christians."[http://www.cbc.ca/story/arts/national/2006/03/13/southpark-chef-quits.html]. Stone adds, "[We] never heard a peep out of Isaac in any way until we did Scientology. He wants a different standard for religions other than his own, and to me, that is where intolerance and bigotry begin." A [[March 23]], [[2006]] BBC News story quoted Stone as saying, "In 10 years and over 150 episodes of South Park, Isaac never had a problem with the show making fun of Christians, Muslims, Mormons or Jews. He got a sudden case of religious sensitivity when it was his religion featured on the show."[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4836286.stm]

Stone and Parker agreed to release Hayes from his contract per his request.[http://www.pulse24.com/Showbiz/Top_Story/20060313-003/page.asp].

Additionally, on [[January 4]], [[2006]], Hayes defended ''South Park's'' style of controversial humor to ''the Onion's'' AV Club, noting that he was not pleased with the show's treatment of Scientology, but conceding that he "understand[s] what [Matt and Trey] are doing." [http://www.avclub.com/content/node/44132/2]

On [[March 20]], [[2006]], Roger Friedman of Fox News reported having been told that the statement was made in Hayes's name, but not by Hayes himself, as he suffered a [[stroke]] in January and has not been seen in public since. He wrote: "Isaac Hayes did not quit ''South Park''. My sources say that someone quit it for him. ... Friends in Memphis tell me that Hayes did not issue any statements on his own about South Park. They are mystified." [http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,188463,00.html]. In fact - Isaac Hayes's answer to a question on XM radio show "Opie and Anthony" about a month after the episode aired "What did you think about when Matt and Trey did that episode on Scientology?" was "One thing about Matt and Trey, they lampoon everybody, and if you take that shit serious, I'll sell you the Brooklyn bridge for two dollars. That's what they do."

This led to suspicion that Hayes was somehow coerced into quitting following his stroke.

==="The Return of Chef" episode===

{{mainarticle|The Return of Chef}}

{{spoiler}}

The South Park season 10 premiere (aired [[March 22]], [[2006]]) featured The Return of Chef. The episode addressed Hayes' departure using sound clips from Chef's past appearances, intentionally sounding like a bad splicing job. It depicts Chef as brainwashed by the [[Super Adventure Club]], and, as a result, becoming a budding [[Child sexual abuse|child molester]]. There are many striking resemblances between the Church of Scientology and the Super Adventure Club which pulls Chef away from South Park using brainwashing. It is a thinly-veiled telling of the Hayes/South Park break up story from the point of view of Trey Parker and Matt Stone, who use the church/club metaphor to attack Scientology even more openly and harshly than in the episode that supposedly caused Hayes' departure.

The episode ends with Chef choosing to stay with the club rather than returning to South Park, and then dying a painful and graphically violent death. At his funeral, Kyle urges the town of South Park to "remember Chef as the jolly old guy who always broke into song," and that they not let "the events of the last few days take away the memories of how much Chef made us smile." He also tells them that they should not blame Chef for his defection, but rather "be mad at that fruity little club for scrambling his brains." The final scene depicts Chef being resurrected in the image of [[Darth Vader]] by the Super Adventure Club.

==Discography==

*''[[Presenting Isaac Hayes]]'' (1967)

*''[[Hot Buttered Soul]]'' (1969)

*''[[Enterprise]]'' (1970)

*''[[...to Be Continued]]'' (1970)

*''[[The Isaac Hayes Movement]]'' (1970)

*''[[Black Moses]]'' (1971)

*''[[Shaft (album)|Shaft]]'' (1971)

*''[[In the Beginning]]'' (1972)

*''[[Joy]]'' (1973)

*''[[Live at the Sahara Tahoe]]'' (1973)

*''[[Tough Guys]]'' (1974)

*''[[Truck Turner]]'' (1974)

*''[[Chocolate Chip]]'' (1975)

*''[[Disco Connection]]'' (1976)

*''[[Groove-A-Thon]]'' (1976)

*''[[Juicy Fruit]]'' (1976)

*''[[A Man and a Woman]]'' (1977)

*''[[New Horizon]]'' (1977)

*''[[For the Sake of Love]]'' (1978)

*''Hotbed'' (1978)

*''Don't Let Go'' (1979)

*''And Once Again'' (1980)

*''Royal Rappins'' (1980)

*''Lifetime Thing'' (1981)

*''U-Turn'' (1986)

*''Love Attack'' (1988)

*''Wonderful'' (1994)

*''Branded'' (1995)

*''Raw and Refined'' (1995)

*''Instrumentals'' (2003)

*''At Wattstax'' (2003) (recorded live at Wattstax Aug. 20, 1972)

* Hot Buttered Soul (2003) reissued on SACD by audiophile label Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab

==Filmography==

{{wikinews|Isaac Hayes quits South Park over Scientology episode}}

*''Soul in Cinema: Filming Shaft on Location'' (1971) (short subject)

*''Save the Children'' (1973) (documentary)

*''The Black Moses of Soul'' (1973) (documentary)

*''[[Wattstax]]'' (1973) (documentary)

*''[[Truck Turner]]'' (1974)

*''Three Tough Guys'' (1974)

*''It Seemed Like a Good Idea at the Time'' (1975)

*''[[Escape from New York]]'' (1981)

*''Counterforce'' (1987)

*''Dead Aim'' (1987)

*''[[I'm Gonna Git You Sucka]]'' (1988)

*''Fire, Ice & Dynamite'' (1990)

*''Guilty as Charged'' (1991)

*''Prime Target'' (1991)

*''Final Judgement'' (1992)

*''Deadly Exposure'' (1993)

*''[[CB4]]'' (1993)

*''[[Posse (1993 film)|Posse]]'' (1993)

*''[[Robin Hood: Men in Tights]]'' (1993)

*''Oblivion'' (1994)

*''[[It Could Happen to You (film)|It Could Happen to You]]'' (1994)

*''Magic Island'' (1995) (voice only)

*''Oblivion 2: Backlash'' (1996)

*''Orientation: A Scientology Information Film'' (1996) (short subject)

*''[[Flipper (1996 film)|Flipper]]'' (1996)

*''Illtown'' (1996)

*''Uncle Sam'' (1997)

*''[[Six Ways To Sunday]]'' (1997)

*''[[The Blues Brothers|Blues Brothers 2000]]'' (1998)

*''Ninth Street'' (1999)

*''[[South Park: Bigger Longer & Uncut]]'' (1999) (voice)

*''Dead Dog'' (2000)

*''[[Reindeer Games]]'' (2000)

*''[[Shaft (2000 film)|Shaft]]'' (2000) (Cameo)

*''[[Dr. Dolittle 2]]'' (2001) (voice)

*''Chelsea Walls'' (2001) (Cameo)

*''Only the Strong Survive'' (2002) (documentary)

*''Soulsville'' (2003) (documentary)

*''Dodge City: A Spaghetto Western'' (2004)

*''Dream Warrior'' (2004)

*''[[Hustle & Flow]]'' (2005)

*''United'' (2005) (short subject)

*''[[Return to Sleepaway Camp]]'' (2006)

==References==

<references/>

{{Earth science}}

==External links==

{{Natural sciences-footer}}

<!--category links-->

*[http://www.isaachayes.com IsaacHayes.com]

*[http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:hh8gtq0ztu45 Allmusic Entry]

*{{imdb name|id=0005002|name=Isaac Hayes}}

* [http://media.libsyn.com/media/tsoya/tsoya012006.mp3 MP3 audio interview] with Stax Records expert Rob Bowman on the radio program [[The Sound of Young America]], including information on Hayes' performance at Wattstax

*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1903439408592098325&q=innerviews InnerVIEWS with Ernie Manouse: Isaac Hayes] (TV interview)

[[Category:1942Physical births|Hayes, Isaacsciences]]

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[[Category:Scientologists|Hayes, Isaac]]

[[Category:The A-Team actors|Hayes, Issac]]

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[[tl:Agham pandaigdig]]

[[th:วิทยาศาสตร์โลก]]

[[vi:Khoa học Trái Đất]]

[[ur:زمینیات]]

[[zh:地球科学]]