Golden Gate Bridge and Wikipedia:WikiProject James Bond: Difference between pages

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Revision as of 18:05, 30 June 2007

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{{Infobox_Bridge

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|bridge_name= Golden Gate Bridge

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| height="80" colspan="2" valign="top" style="padding:0.2em; background:#f9f9ff; border: solid thin #80737C; text-align:center | {{shortcut|WP:007|WP:BOND|WP:OO7}} <big> '''Welcome to WikiProject James Bond'''</big>.<br>

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The James Bond WikiProject exists to help improve the encyclopedic content of [[James Bond]]-related articles, [[:Category:WikiProject James Bond articles|from novels and films to characters and gadgets]].

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| {{Wikipedia:Version 1.0 Editorial Team/James Bond articles by quality statistics}}

|carries= 6 lanes of [[U.S. Route 101]]/[[State Route 1 (California)|CA 1]], pedestrians and bicycles

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|crosses= [[Golden Gate]]

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|locale= [[San Francisco, California]] and [[Marin County, California]]

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|maint= [[Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District]] [http://www.goldengate.org/]

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|id=

|design= [[Suspension bridge|Suspension]], [[Truss arch bridge|truss arch]] & [[Truss bridge|truss causeways]]

|mainspan= {{convert|4200|ft|m|0}}<ref name="Denton">Denton, Harry et al. (2004) "Lonely Planet San Francisco" ''Lonely Planet'', United States. 352 pp. ISBN 1-74104-154-6</ref>

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|width= {{convert|90|ft|m|0}}

|height= {{convert|746|ft|m|0}}

|clearance= {{convert|14|ft|m|1}} at toll gates, higher truck loads possible

|below= {{convert|220|ft|m|0}} at mean higher high water

|traffic= 100,000<ref name="Denton"/>

|open= [[May 27]], [[1937]]

|closed=

|toll= $5.00 (southbound) ($4.00 with [[FasTrak]])

|map_cue=Connects:

|map_image= San Francisco Bay bridges.svg

|map_text=Northern San Francisco Peninsula with Southern [[Marin County]]<br><br>Location 2 on map

|map_width= 180px

|coordinates= {{coor dms|37|49|10|N|122|28|43|W|region:US_type:landmark}}

}}

The '''Golden Gate Bridge''' is a [[suspension bridge|suspension]] [[bridge]] spanning the [[Golden Gate]], the opening into the [[San Francisco Bay]] from the [[Pacific Ocean]]. It connects the city of [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]] on the northern tip of the [[San Francisco Peninsula]] to [[Marin County, California|Marin County]] as part of [[US Highway 101]] and [[California State Highway 1]].

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The Golden Gate Bridge was the [[List of largest suspension bridges|largest suspension bridge]] in the world when it was completed in 1937 and has become an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and the [[United States]]. It is currently the second longest suspension bridge in the United States after the [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]] in [[New York City]].

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==History==

[[Image:Ggb in fog.JPG|thumb|left|Golden Gate Bridge and the fog as seen from [[Twin Peaks, San Francisco, California|Twin Peaks]]]]

[[Image:As ggb.jpg|thumb|left|[[Blue Angels|Air show]] over Golden Gate Bridge]]

[[Image:Sunoverbridge.jpg|thumb|left|The sun and the bridge]]

The crossing of the Golden Gate Strait was for many years accomplished by a ferry running between the [[Hyde Street Pier]] at the foot of Van Ness Avenue in [[San Francisco]] and [[Sausalito]] in [[Marin County]]. The idea of a bridge to span the Golden Gate Strait was brought up in an article by the engineer James Wilkins.<ref name="Owens">Owens, T. O. (2001) "The Golden Gate Bridge" ''The Rosen Publishing Group''. 24 pp. ISBN 0-8239-5016-6</ref> The bridge later earned its name, Golden Gate Bridge, after a mention of it in 1927, by San Francisco city engineer [[M. M. O’Shaughnessy]].<ref>Gudde, Erwin G. "California Place Names" (2004) ''University of California Press'', London, England. 467 pp. ISBN 0-520-24217-3.</ref>

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The bridge was the idea of [[Joseph Strauss]], an engineer responsible for over 400 drawbridges, though they were far smaller than this project and mostly inland.<ref name="Denton"/> Starting in 1921 with his first drawings that were far from approved,<ref name="Owens"/> Strauss spent over a decade drumming up support in Northern California. Strauss' initial design<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1999 | url = http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/exhibits/bridge/up028.html | title = Bridging the Bay: Bridges That Never Were | format = | work = | publisher = UC Berkeley Library | accessdate = 2006-04-13|accessyear = }}</ref> comprised a massive [[cantilever]] on each side connected with a central suspension segment. Other key figures in the bridge's construction include architect [[Irving Morrow]], responsible for the [[Art Deco]] touches and the choice of color, and engineer [[Charles A. Ellis|Charles Alton Ellis]] and bridge designer [[Leon Moisseiff]], who collaborated on the complicated mathematics involved.

*A new [[Wikipedia:WikiProject James Bond/Collaboration of the fortnight]] section has been added, please contribute.

* Both '''Casino Royale''' and '''GoldenEye''' failed for featured article status.

* Wiki Project James Bond Up and Away on 17 April 2007.

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The project cost over $27 million.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = | url = http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/bridge/gate_2.html | title = Bridging the Bay: Bridges That Never Were | format = | work = | publisher = UC Berkeley Library | accessdate = 2007-02-19|accessyear = }}</ref>

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In May 1924, a hearing, through a petition, was heard by Colonel Herbert Deakyne for the Secretary of War in a request to use land for the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. Col. Deakyne, in the Secretary of War's name, approved to give the land needed for the bridge structure and leading roads to the "Bridging the Golden Gate Association" and both the San Francisco and the Marin counties pending further bridge plans by Mr. Strauss.<ref>Miller, John B. (2002) "Case Studies in Infrastructure Delivery" ''Springer''. 296 pp. ISBN 0-7923-7652-8.</ref>

* Added plot summaries to the leads of [[Goldfinger (film)]], [[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)]], [[Diamonds Are Forever (film)]], [[The Man with the Golden Gun (film)]], [[The Spy Who Loved Me (film)]], [[A View to a Kill]] and [[Licence to Kill]]. ([[User:IzzyVanHalen|Callum J. Stewart]] 14:19, 24 April 2007 (UTC)) EDIT: added summaries to the leads of [[Dr. No (film)]], [[Live and Let Die (film)]] and [[For Your Eyes Only (film)]] ([[User:IzzyVanHalen|Callum J. Stewart]] 22:34, 24 April 2007 (UTC))

[[Image:GoldenEndFortMason.JPG|thumb|left|The bridge spans the Golden Gate.]]

* Added a plot summary to [[You Only Live Twice (film)|You Only Live Twice]]. [[User:Editus|Editus]] 1800 UTC 23.4.07 EDIT: did the same for [[Thunderball (film)|Thunderball]] 1907 UTC 23.4.07

* Overhauled the [[Octopussy]] page to resemble CR (06), still needs referenceing, but got rid of useless trivia and put in [[Talk:Octopussy]]. [[User:SpecialWindler|SpecialWindler]] 00:18, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

* Added the template above with the assessment statistics by quality.[[User:SpecialWindler|SpecialWindler]] 23:15, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

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The [[Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District|Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District]] was incorporated in 1928 as the official entity to design, construct, and finance the Golden Gate Bridge. The District includes not only the City & County of San Francisco, and Marin County, in whose boundaries the bridge sits, but also [[Napa County, California|Napa]], [[sonoma County, California|Sonoma]], [[Mendocino County, California|Mendocino]] and [[Del Norte County, California|Del Norte]] counties. Representatives from each of the six counties sit on the District's Board of Directors. Voters within the District approved funding for the project in 1930 through a special bond issue that put their homes, farms and business properties up as collateral. This bond issue raised the initial $35 million to finance the building of the Bridge. Construction began on [[January 5]], [[1933]].<ref>Jackson, Donald C. (1995) "Great American Bridges and Dams" ''John Wiley and Sons''. 360 pp. ISBN 0-471-14385-5</ref> The construction budget at the time of approval was $30.1 million. Actual construction costs turned out to be $36.7 million, resulting in a [[cost overrun]] of 22%. The last of the construction bonds were retired in 1971, with $35 million in principal and nearly $39 million in interest being financed entirely from tolls. Strauss, a graduate of the [[University of Cincinnati]], placed a brick from his [[alma mater]]'s demolished McMicken Hall in the south anchorage before the concrete was poured. A unique aspect of the bridge's construction was the safety net set up beneath it, significantly reducing the expected number of deaths for such a project. 11 men were killed from falls during construction, and approximately 19 men were saved by the safety net. 10 of the deaths occurred near completion, when the net itself failed under the stress of a scaffold fall. The 19 workers whose lives were saved by the safety nets became proud members of the (informal) ''Halfway to Hell Club''.<ref>http://goldengatebridge.org/research/facts.php#HalfwayHell</ref>

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===User template===

Add '''<nowiki>{{User James Bond}}</nowiki>''' to your user page and sign below to join this WikiProject.

{{Template:User James Bond}}

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==Project Members==

[[Image:GG-bridge-cable.jpg|thumb|left|On the south side of the bridge, a 36 3/8" wide cross section of the cable containing 27,572 separate wires is on display.]]The bridge has approximately 1,200,000 total rivets. Upon comletion Joseph Strauss wrote a poem now on the Golden Gate Bridge entitled "The Mighty Task is Done." Weeks of civil and cultural activities called "the Fiesta" surrounded the opening of the bridge, completed in April 1937 and opened to pedestrians on [[May 27]] of that year, Mayor [[Angelo Rossi]] presiding. The next day, President Roosevelt pushed a button in [[Washington, DC]] signaling the official start of vehicle traffic over the Bridge at noon. When the celebration got out of hand, the [[SFPD]] had a small riot in the uptown [[Polk Gulch]] area.

{| class="wikitable" width="98%"

|+Members

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!Member!!Date Joined!!Fav. Bond!! Fav. Film

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|{{User|Ganfon|}}|| [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]

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|{{User|SpecialWindler}}|| [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Timothy Dalton]] || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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|{{User|23skidoo}}|| [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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|{{User|Ernst Stavro Blofeld}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]]||[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]] / [[Live and Let Die]]

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|{{User|Warlordjohncarter}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || ||

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|{{User|El Greco}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] ||

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| {{User|K1Bond007}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || ||

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| {{User|ColdFusion650}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Daniel Craig]] || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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| {{User|Chrislk02}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[Goldeneye]]

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| {{User|Cliff smith}} || [[April 17]] [[2007]] || || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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| {{User|Will2710}} || [[April 19]] [[2007]] || [[Timothy Dalton]] || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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| {{User|Highfields}} || [[April 19]] [[2007]] || [[Pierce Brosnan]] || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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|{{User|The Giant Puffin}}|| [[April 22]] [[2007]] || [[Roger Moore]] || [[Goldeneye]]

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|{{User|Snowolf}}|| [[April 22]] [[2007]] || [[Roger Moore]] ||

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|{{User|IzzyVanHalen}}|| [[April 23]] [[2007]] || [[Timothy Dalton]] || [[From Russia With Love]]/[[The Living Daylights]] (tie)

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|<s>{{User|Editus}}</s> (old account)<br>{{User|Editus Reloaded}} || [[April 23]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery ]] || [[Goldeneye]]

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|{{User|AldeBaer}}|| [[April 26]] [[2007]] || [[Daniel Craig]] || [[Never Say Never Again]]

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|{{User|Emperor001|}}|| [[April 27]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[You Only Live Twice]]

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|{{User|Eric1985}}|| [[April 28]] [[2007]] || [[Pierce Brosnan]] || [[Moonraker (film)|Moonraker]]

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|{{User|Zerorules677}}|| [[April 30]] [[2007]] || [[Daniel Craig]] || [[Casino Royale (2006)]]

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|{{User|Vikrant Phadkay}}|| [[May 3]] [[2007]] || [[Pierce Brosnan]] || [[Octopussy]]

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|{{User|Tprosser}}|| [[May 14]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[From Russia With Love]]

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|{{User|Davidbspalding}}|| [[May 23]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]

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|{{User| Tovojolo}}|| [[June 16]] [[2007]] || [[Sean Connery]] || [[Goldfinger (film)| Goldfinger]]

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|{{User|Namesbondjamesbond}}|| [[June 30]] [[2007]] || [[Daniel Craig]] || [[From Russia with Love (film)|From Russia with Love]]

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==Banner==

[[Image:Golden Gate Bridge from underneath.jpg|thumb|right|A photograph of the bridge from a boat underneath.]]

Please tag relevant articles as '''<nowiki>{{WikiProject James Bond|class=|importance=}}</nowiki>'''

{{WikiProject James Bond|class=NA|importance=NA}}

This banner should be used with the project's assessment criteria. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject James Bond/Assessment|here]] for the project's assessment guidelines.

'''Comment''': Can somebody add the importance feature underneath on this template, so we can see the importance of the article without having to go to edit, (I'd do it myself but the syntex stuff too complecated??? [[User:SpecialWindler|SpecialWindler]] 23:19, 17 April 2007 (UTC)

Since its completion, the bridge has closed due to windy conditions five times; 1951, 1982, 1983, 1996, and 2005.<ref>Cheever, David (1999) "Daytrips San Francisco & Northern California" ''Hastingshouse / Daytrips Publ.'' 352 pp. ISBN 0-8038-9441-4.</ref> The 1982 event in particular was severe enough to set the bridge in visible motion, undulating in a motion somewhat reminiscent of the catastrophic "[[Galloping Gertie]]" in Washington State.

::If you look at the bottom of the page, where all the categories are listed, it is listed there. ^{[[User:{{{User|El Greco}}}|{{{User|El Greco}}}]] ([[User talk:{{{User|El Greco}}}|talk]] <small>•</small> [[Special:Contributions/{{{User|El Greco}}}|contribs]])} 00:45, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

To commemorate Joseph Strauss for his part taken in the construction of the bridge, a statue of him was relocated in 1955 near the structure to remind people how important his work was in the building of the Golden Gate Bridge.<ref name="Owens" />

==Recognized content==

The center span was the [[List of largest suspension bridges|longest among suspension bridges]] until 1964 when the [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]] was erected between the boroughs of [[Staten Island]] and [[Brooklyn]] in [[New York City]]. The Golden Gate Bridge also had the world's tallest suspension towers at the time of construction, and retained that record until more recently. In 1957, [[Michigan]]'s [[Mackinac Bridge]] surpassed the Golden Gate Bridge's length to become the world's longest two tower suspension bridge in total length between anchorages. The longest center suspension span in the world and the longest two tower suspension bridge between anchorages is currently the [[Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge]] in [[Japan]].

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<br><br><br><br><br>

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*[[Casino Royale (2006 film)]]

*[[Thunderball (novel)]]

*[[GoldenEye]]

<br><br>

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*[[James Bond]]

*[[Pierce Brosnan]]

*[[Sean Bean]]

*[[The World Is Not Enough (song)]]

*[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]

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== Open tasks ==

[[Image:alyssamcpherson.jpg|right|thumb|A typical view of the bridge from the Presidio as the fog rolls in.]]

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[[Image:Morning Fog at GGB.JPG|thumb|right|Advection fog at the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco]]

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* Survey articles to make sure a balance is maintained between film and novel references where applicable; it should not be forgotten that the books came first (there are occasional articles such as [[List of James Bond henchmen]] that profess to reference the novels but only contain film-based information). Articles on characters that appear in both the novels and the films should always include information on their literary counterparts.

As the only road to exit San Francisco to the north, the bridge is part of both [[U.S. Route 101]] and [[California State Route 1]] and on an average day there are 100,000 vehicles crossing the bridge.<ref name="Denton"/> The bridge has six total lanes of vehicle traffic, and walkways on both sides of the bridge. The median markers between the lanes are moved to conform to traffic patterns. On weekday mornings, traffic flows mostly southbound into the city, so four of the six lanes run southbound. Conversely, on weekday afternoons, four lanes run northbound. While there has been discussion concerning the installation of a [[Barrier transfer machine|movable barrier]] since the 1980s, the Bridge Board of Directors, in March 2005, committed to finding funding to complete the $2 million study required prior to the installation of a moveable median barrier. The eastern walkway is for pedestrians and bicycles during the weekdays and during daylight hours only, and the western walkway is open to bicyclists on weekday afternoons, weekends, and holidays.

*Occasionally review all articles that have been placed on the [[:Wikipedia:WikiProject James Bond/Articles]] page for [[Special:Recentchangeslinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject James Bond/Articles|recent changes]].

The [[speed limit]] on the Golden Gate Bridge was reduced from 55 mph (90 km/h) to 45 mph (70 km/h) on [[October 1]], [[1983]].

*Cite sources on [[James Bond]]. This will greatly help it to featured status, the current Mission of the Week.

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* Resolve the issue of [[Casino Royale (1967 film)|Casino Royale (1967)]] being considered an unofficial Bond film by adding applicable sources to this and related articles, preferably books or media coverage.

On [[September 1]], [[2002]], the toll for Southbound [[motor vehicle]]s was raised from US$3.00 to $5.00. Northbound motor vehicle traffic, cycling, and pedestrian traffic remain toll free. The rate for two-axle vehicles and motorcycles with cash is $5 and $4 with [[FasTrak]] electronic RF payments. For vehicles with more than two axles, the toll rate is $2.50 per axle. <ref>Schulte-Peevers, Andrea (2003) "Lonely Planet California" ''Lonely Planet'', United States. 737 pp. ISBN 1-86450-331-9</ref> <ref>[http://goldengatebridge.org/tolls_traffic/toll_rates_carpools.php]</ref>

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== Categories ==

On [[November 10]], [[2006]], the [[Board of Directors]] of the Golden Gate Bridge District recommended a [[Sponsor|corporate sponsorship]] program for the bridge, as it has been losing money for several years. The Public Information Committee has said that any sponsorship program will not include changing the name of the bridge, or placing [[advertising]] on the bridge itself, although it's not clear what such a deal ''would'' include. [[As of 2006]], Phase I of the project, which involved investigating potential sponsors of the bridge and analyzing the fiscal benefits has been completed, and Phase II, actual implementation of the program, is awaiting a go-ahead from the Board. [http://goldengate.org/news/CorpSponsor.php]. As of February 2007, the Board has made a $1 toll increase their most favored option to increase funding. [http://goldengate.org/news/bridge/TollIncrease070212.php]

* [[:Category:Films]]

<categorytree>James Bond</categorytree>

== Aesthetics Films==

<center>{{tl|Bond movies}}</center>

[[Image:Ggb by night.jpg|thumb|The Golden Gate Bridge by night, with part of downtown [[San Francisco]] visible in the background at far left.]]{{User:Mactographer/ggbridge}}The color of the bridge is an orange vermilion called ''[[International orange]]''. The color was selected by consulting architect Irving Morrow because it blends well with the natural surroundings yet enhances the bridge's visibility in fog.

The bridge is widely considered one of the most beautiful examples of bridge engineering, both as a structural design challenge and for its aesthetic appeal. It was declared one of the modern [[Seven Wonders of the World|Wonders of the World]] by the [[American Society of Civil Engineers]]. According to Frommer's travel guide, the Golden Gate Bridge is "possibly the most beautiful, certainly the most photographed, bridge in the world."<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://www.frommers.com/destinations/sanfrancisco/A25170.html | title = Golden Gate Bridge - Museum/Attraction View - San Francisco - Frommers.com | format = | work = | publisher = Frommers | accessdate = 2006-04-13|accessyear = }}</ref> (although Frommers also bestows the "most photographed" honor on [[Tower Bridge]] in [[London]], [[England]] <ref>{{cite web | last =

| first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://www.frommers.com/destinations/london/A29870.html | title = Tower Bridge - Museum/Attraction View - London - Frommers.com | format = | work = | publisher = Frommers | accessdate = 2006-04-13 | accessyear = }}</ref>)

{{Bond movies}}

Aesthetics was the foremost reason why the first design of Joseph Strauss was rejected. Upon re-submission of his bridge construction plan, he added details, such as lighting to outline the bridge's cables and towers.<ref>Rodriguez, Joseph A. (2000) [http://jpe.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/20/1/52-a.pdf Planning and Urban Rivalry in the San Francisco Bay Area in the 1930s]. ''Journal of Planning Education and Research'' v. 20 pp. 66-76.</ref>

==Characters==

The Golden Gate Bridge has a similar sister bridge in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. The red-painted [[25 de Abril Bridge|Ponte 25 de Abril]] (25th April Bridge) is 2,278 meters long and spans 1,013 m.

<center>{{tl|James Bond characters}}</center>

{{James Bond characters}}

The aesthetics of the bridge are often cited as a prime reason not to erect a suicide barrier on the bridge.

== Paintwork Books==

<center>{{tl|Bond books}}</center>

The bridge was originally painted with [[red lead]] primer and a [[lead]]-based [[topcoat]], which was touched up as required. In the mid-1960s, a program was started to improve corrosion protection by stripping the original paint off and repainting the bridge with [[zinc silicate]] primer and, originally, [[vinyl]] topcoats.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://goldengatebridge.org/research/facts.php#PaintHowOften | title = Golden Gate Bridge: Research Library: How Often is the Golden Gate Bridge Repainted? | format = | work = | publisher = Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District | accessdate = 2006-04-13 | accessyear = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBIntOrngPaint.php | title = Golden Gate Bridge: Construction Data: Painting The Golden Gate Bridge | format = | work = | publisher = Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District | accessdate = 2006-04-13|accessyear = }}</ref> [[Acrylic paint|Acrylic]] topcoats have been used instead since 1990 for air quality reasons. The program was completed in 1995, and there is now maintenance by 38 painters<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://goldengatebridge.org/research/facts.php#IronworkersPainters | title = Golden Gate Bridge: Construction Data: How Many Ironworkers and Painters Maintain the Golden Gate Bridge? | format =

| work = | publisher = Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District | accessdate = 2006-04-13 | accessyear = }}</ref> to touch up the paintwork where it becomes seriously eroded.

[[Image:Golden Gate Bridge 2003.jpg|thumb|center|550px|Golden Gate Bridge, with its approach arch over [[Fort Point]] at the San Francisco terminus (right). Behind the arch is [[Angel Island (California)|Angel Island]], and to the left of that, [[Tiburon, California]], mostly obscuring the [[East Bay (California)|East Bay]] hills.]]

{{Bond books}}

== Golden Gate Bridge and atmospheric optics==

The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the best places to see rare atmospheric optical phenomena. For example, the next two pictures show fog shadows of the Golden Gate Bridge North Tower.

[[Image:Fog shadow of GGB.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Fog shadow between observer and Golden Gate Bridge]]

[[Image:IMG 4355a.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Fog shadow above Golden Gate Bridge]]

These fascinating shadows look odd since humans are not used to seeing shadows in three dimensions. The thin fog was just dense enough to be illuminated by the light that passed through the gaps in the tower structure. As a result, the path of the tower's shadow through the "fog" appears darkened. In a sense, these shadow lanes are similar to [[crepuscular rays]], which are caused by cloud shadows, but here, they're caused by the tower's shadows. Solar [[Corona (meteorology)|coronae]] in the fog are much closer to an observer than typical examples in overhead clouds.[[Image:Coronae over GGB.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Solar [[Corona (meteorology)|corona]] over Golden Gate Bridge]]

The Golden Gate Bridge is also one of the best places in the world to see a rare combination of a solar [[Glory (optical phenomenon)|glory]], a [[Brocken spectre]] and a [[Fog bow|fogbow]].

[[Image:Fogbowspectre.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Solar [[Glory (optical phenomenon)|glory]], a [[Brocken spectre]] and a [[Fog bow|fogbow]]]]

[[Image:Iridescent fog.jpg|thumb|300px|Partial solar [[Corona (meteorology)|corona]], iridescent fog and a fog shadow over South Tower]]

==User Suicides Templates==

{{main|Wikipedia:WikiProject James Bond/User Templates}}

The Golden Gate Bridge is a notorious site for [[suicide]]. The official suicide count ended in 1995 when the number approached 1,000. In the eight years preceding 2003, there was an average of one suicide jump every two weeks, which brought the unofficial total to over 1,300 suicides.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2003 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/031013fa_fact?031013fa_fact| title = Jumpers: The fatal grandeur of the Golden Gate Bridge | format = | work = The New Yorker | publisher = | accessdate =10-24 | accessyear =2006 }}</ref> Until the official count was discontinued, suicide locations were officially documented according to which of the bridge's 128 lamp posts the jumper was nearest to when he or she jumped.

== Parent projects ==

There were 34 confirmed bridge jump suicides in 2006, in addition to four jumpers whose bodies were never recovered and various unwitnessed deaths that appeared to be suicides but could not be confirmed. The California Highway Patrol removed seventy apparently suicidal people from the bridge that year. <ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/01/17/BAGSLNK7ER4.DTL | title = 34 confirmed suicides off GG Bridge last year | format = | work = The San Francisco Chronicle | publisher = | accessdate =1-17 | accessyear =2007 }}</ref> Currently, it is said that a person jumps off the Golden Gate Bridge every 15 days.[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/lkl.html]

* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Film]]

* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Novels]]

The 220 foot (67 m) fall from the bridge takes four seconds and jumpers hit the water at 75 miles per hour (120 km/h). [[As of 2006]], only 26 people are known to have survived the jump.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2003 | url = http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/031013fa_fact?031013fa_fact| title = Jumpers: The fatal grandeur of the Golden Gate Bridge | format = | work = The New Yorker | publisher = | accessdate =10-24 | accessyear =2006 }}</ref> Those who do survive always strike the water feet first and most suffer multiple internal injuries and broken bones. One young man, John Kevin Hines, survived a jump off the bridge in 2000, although the impact broke his back and shattered multiple [[vertebrae]].<ref>{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2005 | url = http://www.straightdope.com/columns/050311.html | title = Could you jump off a bridge or a tall building and survive the fall? | format = | work = The Straight Dope | publisher = Cecil Adams | accessdate = 2006-04-12 | accessyear = }}</ref>

|}

[[Category:WikiProject James Bond]]

[[Image:suicidemessageggb01252006.JPG|thumb|right|As a [[suicide prevention]] initiative, this sign promotes a special telephone available on the bridge that connects to a [[crisis hotline]].]]

A young woman from [[Piedmont, California]], Sarah Rutledge Birnbaum, may be the only person to have jumped from the bridge twice. She survived the first jump in early 1988, but died in her second attempt later that year.

Methods have been discussed to reduce the number of suicides. One idea introduced has been to close the bridge to pedestrians at night. Cyclists are still permitted across at night, but they have to be buzzed in and out through the remotely controlled security gates.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first =

| authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://goldengatebridge.org/bikesbridge/bikes.php | title = Golden Gate Bridge: Bikes and Pedestrians | format =

| work = | publisher = Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District | accessdate = 2006-04-13 | accessyear = }}</ref> Attempts to introduce a suicide barrier have been thwarted by engineering difficulties, high costs, and public opposition. The estimated cost of a barrier is between $15 and $20 million.<ref>{{cite web | last = | first =

| authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | url = http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_SDQTNNP | title = Deadly Beauty | format = | work = | publisher = The Economist | accessdate = 2006-06-10 | accessyear = 2006}} </ref> On [[January 27]] [[2005]], Bridge District staff re-introduced for the eighth time the topic of a suicide barrier to the Bridge’s Building and Operations committee, citing "the high profile of this issue in recent press and community conversations." On [[March 11]] [[2005]], the Board of Directors of the Golden Gate Bridge voted 15-1 to approve a two-year, $1.78 million plan to explore the feasibility of a barrier. Proponents of the barrier cite the example of the [[Empire State Building]] and the [[Eiffel Tower]], where suicides dropped to zero after a barrier was put up. Those against the barrier argue that a barrier would be unsightly, too costly, and would simply move suicides elsewhere. One way of discouraging suicides, rather than directly preventing them, [[Jump for Life]], was proposed in late 2005. The program seeks to make the bridge a less attractive place to take one's own life.

Suicide on the Golden Gate Bridge is a theme of [[Jenni Olson]]'s experimental film, ''[[The Joy of Life]]'' (2005) and documentarian [[Eric Steel]]'s controversial 2006 film ''[[The Bridge (documentary film)|The Bridge]]'' which recorded 23 of the 24 known suicides during 2004.

The [[Bureau of Inverse Technology]] have deployed a number of Suicide Boxes containing motion-detecting cameras to monitor suicides on the Golden Gate Bridge and correlate, in real-time, the number of jumpers with the [[Dow Jones Industrial Index]] to create their "Despondency Index".{{Fact|date=May 2007}}

:''See also: [[suicide bridge]]''.

{{Commons|Golden Gate Bridge}}

==See also==

*[[49-Mile Scenic Drive]]

*[[Megaprojects]]

== External links ==

* [http://www.goldengate.org/ The official website of the Golden Gate Bridge]

* [http://www.e-tv.co.za/goldengatebridge Video of the 1936 opening day of Golden Gate Bridge]

* [http://www.goldengatebridgephotos.net/ Golden Gate Bridge Photographs]

* [http://gocalifornia.about.com/cs/sanfrancisco/a/ggbridge.htm Golden Gate Bridge Visitor Guide]

* [http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?031013fa_fact The New Yorker: Fatal Grandeur of the Golden Gate Bridge]

* [http://sfgate.com/lethalbeauty/ Lethal Beauty], a series of articles from the San Francisco Chronicle about suicides on the Golden Gate Bridge.

* [http://www.sfmuseum.net/ The Museum of San Francisco]'s [http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist10/ggbridging.html Story Behind the Construction of the Span]

* [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldengate/index.html PBS American Experience]

* [http://goldengatebridge.org/research/factsGGBDesign.php Golden Gate Bridge Design and Construction Statistics]

* [http://goldengatebridge.org/projects/retrofit.php Golden Gate Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project]

* {{structurae|id=s0000029|title=Golden Gate Bridge}}

* [http://cic.nist.gov/vrml/cis2.html VRML and Google Earth 3D Models of the Golden Gate Bridge] (Click on 'CIS/2 Models in Google Earth' in the What's New section)

{{geolinks-US-colorphoto|37.81972|-122.47858|13}}

{{geolinks-US-surrounds|37.81972|-122.47858|Golden+Gate+Bridge}}

* [http://www.virtuar.com/ysf2/golden_gate_bridge.htm Golden Gate Bridge Virtual Tour]

== References ==

<div class="references-small">

<references/>

* Tad Friend: [http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/031013fa_fact ''Jumpers: The fatal grandeur of the Golden Gate Bridge''], [[The New Yorker]], Oct 13, 2003 v79 i30 page 48

* "[http://www.vibrationdata.com/golden.htm Golden Gate Bridge Natural Frequencies]", ''Vibrationdata.com'', Apr 5, 2006

</div>

{{SFBridges}}

{{start box}}

{{succession box | before = [[George Washington Bridge]]|title = [[List of largest suspension bridges|Largest Suspension Bridge]] | years = 1937 - 1964 | after = [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]]}}

{{end box}}

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|upstream = North Bay:<br>[[Richmond-San Rafael Bridge]]<br>[[Image:I-580 (CA).svg|24px|Interstate 580]]

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South Bay:<br>[[Transbay Tube]]<br>''BART''

|upstream signs =

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[[Category:Bridges in California]]

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[[Category:Buildings and structures in San Francisco]]

[[Category:Historic civil engineering landmarks]]

[[Category:Landmarks in San Francisco]]

[[Category:San Francisco Bay]]

[[Category:Suspension bridges]]

[[Category:Toll bridges in California]]

[[Category:Transportation in San Francisco]]

[[Category:Works Progress Administration]]

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