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[[Image:Flickr_ymimexico_247769858--Jalapeno_poppers.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jalapeno poppers.]]
<!--Note for editors//This article has a long and intense history of terminology debates. Please review the talk page before making changes to lines to see if there is a previous established consensus or compromise-->
'''Jalapeño poppers''' are [[jalapeño]] [[chile pepper|pepper]]s that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of [[cheese]], [[spices]], and sometimes ground meat, and then deep fried. They are served (usually with some kind of dip) as appetizers at some Mexican- or Southwest-themed bars and restaurants.
An '''abortion''' is the premature termination of [[pregnancy]] resulting in the death of any or all carried [[embryo|embryo(s)]] or [[fetus|fetus(es)]]. In [[medicine]], the following terms are used to define an abortion:
* ''Spontaneous abortion'': An abortion due to accidental trauma or [[natural causes]]. Also known as a [[miscarriage]].
* ''Induced abortion'': Deliberate (human induced) abortion. Induced abortions are further subcategorized into therapeutic abortions and elective abortions.
** ''Therapeutic abortion'': An abortion perfomed because the pregnancy poses physical or mental health risk to the [[gravida|pregnant woman (gravida)]].
** ''Elective abortion'': An abortion perfomed for any other reason.
In common parlance, the term "abortion" is used exclusively for induced abortion.
A pregnancy that terminates early, but where the fetus survives to become a live infant, is instead termed a [[premature birth]]. A pregnancy that ends with an infant dead upon birth, due to causes such as spontaneous abortion, is termed a [[stillbirth]]. Certain forms of [[birth control]] are used to prevent implantation before the pregnancy occurs. These acts of [[emergency contraception]] are often considered the equivalent of abortion, but are not classified as such in medicine.
The [[ethics]] and [[morality]] of induced abortion have become the subject of an intense [[debate]] in the past 50 years in various areas of the world, including the [[United States of America]], [[Canada]] and a number of countries in [[Europe]].
While abortions can be performed and occur in any animal that gives birth, this article focuses exclusively on abortions performed upon [[human|humans]].
==Spontaneous abortion==
{{main|miscarriage}}
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Spontaneous abortions, known more commonly as miscarriages, occur frequently. Up to 78% of all conceptions may fail, in most cases even before pregnancy is confirmed. 15% of all confirmed pregnancies end in a miscarriage. Most miscarriages occur very early in a pregnancy. Since early [[embryonic development]] is an error prone process, the body may spontaneously abort if a fetus is not viable (i.e., due to genetic deformities, such as most cases of [[trisomy]]), or when the womb is unable to support the development of the fetus. A spontaneous abortion can be caused by accidental [[trauma]], while trauma with the intent to cause miscarriage is considered an induced abortion. Some [[states]] have laws increasing the criminal liability of a person who causes a miscarriage during an [[assault]] or other violent [[crime]].
==Induced abortions==
The term "abortion" is usually used by lay people to refer to '''induced abortion'''<!--rewording needed. Falsely implies that women are always the ones seeking the abortion.-->. Induced abortions are sought for a number of reasons, according to the [[Alan Guttmacher Institute]], there were 1.31 million abortions in the US in 2000, and cases of rape or incest accounted for 1.0% of abortions in 2000. Women from 27 nations reported the following reasons for seeking an induced abortion:{{ref|abortion1}}
*25.5% – Want to postpone childbearing
*21.3% – Cannot afford a [[baby]]
*14.1% – Has relationship problem or partner does not want pregnancy
*12.2% – Too young; parent(s) or other(s) object to pregnancy
*10.8% – Having a [[child]] will disrupt [[education]] or [[employment|job]]
* 7.9% – Want no (more) [[children]]
* 3.3% – Risk to [[fetal]] health
* 2.8% – Risk to [[maternal]] health
* 2.1% – Rape, incest, other
In many areas of the world, especially the developing nations or where induced abortions are illegal, many women choose or are pushed to perform abortions on themselves. These [[self-induced abortion|self-induced abortions]] are commonly [[unsafe abortions]] as described by the [[World Health Organization]]. Furthermore, some abortions are induced because of societal pressures, such as stigma of disabled persons and similar eugenic ideals, or laws, such as under China's [[one-child policy]]. These policies and societal pressures can lead to [[sex-selective abortion and infanticide]], which is illegal in most countries, but difficult to stop.
==Methods of inducing abortion==
Depending on the gestational age of the embryo or fetus, different methods of abortion can be performed to remove the embryo or fetus from the womb.
=== Chemical Abortion ===
{{main|Chemical Abortion}}
Effective in the first trimester of pregnancy, chemical abortions comprise 10% of all abortions in the United States and Europe. The process begins with the administration of either [[methotrexate]] or [[mifepristone]], followed by [[misoprostol]]. While misoprostol may also be used alone to induce abortion, the need for surgical intervention is slightly elevated to about 10%, compared to the 8% when medications are combined. When surgical intervention is neccessary, primarily vacuum uterine aspiration is used.
=== Surgical abortion ===
In the first fifteen weeks, [[suction-aspiration abortion|suction-aspiration]] or vacuum abortion are the most common methods, replacing the more risky [[dilation and curettage]] (D & C). ''[[Manual vacuum aspiration]]'', or MVA abortion, consists of removing the [[fetus]] or [[embryo]] by suction using a manual [[syringe]], while the ''[[Electric vacuum aspiration]]'' or EVA abortion method uses suction produced by an electric [[pump]] to remove the [[fetus]] or [[embryo]]. From the fifteenth week up until around the eighteenth week, a surgical [[dilation and evacuation]] (D & E) is used. D & E consists of opening the [[cervix]] of the [[uterus]] and emptying it using surgical instruments and suction.
''[[Dilation and suction curettage]]'' consists of emptying the [[uterus]] by suction using a different apparatus. ''[[Curettage]]'' refers to the cleaning of the walls of the [[uterus]] with a [[curette]]. ''[[Dilation and curettage]]'' (D & C) is a standard gynaecological procedure performed for a variety of reasons, such as examination.
As the [[fetus]] grows, other techniques must be used to induce abortion in the third [[trimester]]. Premature delivery of the human fetus can be induced with [[prostaglandin]]; this can be coupled with injecting the [[amniotic sac|amniotic fluid]] with caustic solutions containing [[saline (medicine)|saline]] or [[urea]]. Very late abortions can be brought about by the controversial [[intact dilation and extraction]] (intact D & X) which requires the surgical decompression of the fetus's head before evacuation and is controversially termed "[[partial-birth abortion]]". A [[hysterotomy abortion]], similar to a [[caesarian section]], can also be used at late stages of pregnancy. [[Hysterotomy abortion]] can be performed vaginally, with an incision just above the [[cervix]], in the late mid-trimester.
===Other means of abortion===
Certain herbs are considered by some to be effective [[abortifacient]]s. Using herbs in this way can cause serious side effects, including multiple organ failure and other serious injury, and are not recommended by physicians.{{ref|abortion7}}
Physical trauma to a pregnant woman's womb can cause an abortion. The severity of the impact required to cause an abortion carries high risk of injury to the pregnant woman, without necessarily inducing a [[miscarriage]]. Both accidental and deliberate abortions of this kind carry criminal liability in many countries.{{ref|abortion8}}
==Health risks==
Abortion brings with it the risk of serious complications, like most medical surgeries. These include a plethora of risks, including a perforated uterus, perforated bowel or bladder, septic shock, sterility, and death. However, accurately assessing all the possible risks of abortion is difficult, because of the lack of set definitions of terms and lack of follow-up reports on those who have had abortions.
One of the most pending after effects of any type of abortion is death. In a recent study, it was discovered that women who have abortions performed are at a higher risk of death than other women. 154 percent are at a higher risk of death due to suicide, 82 percent due to accidents, and 44 percent from natural causes and other complications. Less serious side-effects from abortion include: allergic reaction to the anesthetics, bleeding, and infection.
Traditional methods of abortion, which include over use of drugs to harm the fetus and inserting different materials into the uterus, also carries serious risks. Any abortion performed outside of a professional clinic is dangerous, for it can carry risks of serious infection, bleeding, organ injury, a cut or torn cervix, and death.
===Physical health===
Each phase of the abortion carries separate risks, and practitioners are not in agreement as to the best methods of mitigating those risks. The degree of risk depends upon the skill and experience of the practitioner; maternal age, health, and [[parity]]; [[gestational age]]; pre-existing conditions; methods and instruments used; medications used; the skill and experience of those assisting the practitioner; and the quality of recovery and follow-up care. A highly-skilled practitioner operating under ideal conditions will have a very low rate of complications, whereas an inexperienced practitioner in an unsanitary, ill-equipped and ill-staffed facility will typically have a high complication rate.
Some practitioners advocate using the minimal possible anesthesia, so that patient pain can alert the practitioner to possible complications. Others recommend [[general anesthesia]] in order to prevent patient movement which might cause a perforation. [[General anesthesia]] carries its own risks and most public health officials recommend against its routine use in abortion due to an increased risk of death.
[[Dilation]] of the [[cervix]] carries the risk of cervical tears or perforations, including small tears that might not be apparent and might cause [[cervical incompetence]] in future pregnancies. Most practitioners recommend using the smallest possible dilators, and using [[osmotic]] rather than [[mechanical]] dilators after the first [[trimester]] of pregnancy.
Instruments are placed within the [[uterus]] to remove the pregnancy. These can cause [[perforation]] or [[laceration]] of the uterus, and damage to structures surrounding the uterus. If the uterus is perforated, surrounding structures, especially the bowel, may be pulled through the perforation into the uterus. Partial [[evisceration]] can result, with its attendant risks, including [[peritonitis]] and the need for a [[colostomy]].
Laceration or perforation of the uterus or cervix can result in [[amniotic fluid embolism]], with the resulting risk of disseminated intravascular [[coagulopathy]], [[shock]], and death.
Incomplete emptying of the uterus can cause [[fever]], [[hemorrhage]], and [[infection]], which if not promptly diagnosed and treated can lead to [[sepsis]] and [[death]]. Another risk is failure to diagnose [[ectopic pregnancy]], which can lead to [[rupture]], [[infection]], [[hemorrhage]], [[sepsis]], and death. Use of ultrasound verification of the ___location and duration of the pregnancy prior to abortion, with immediate follow-up of patients reporting continuing pregnancy symptoms after the procedure, will virtually eliminate this risk. In some cases, the abortion will be unsuccessful and the pregnancy will continue. Most practitioners recommend a second procedure to terminate the pregnancy due to the possibility that the abortion attempt had caused injury to the fetus.
The sooner a complication is noted and properly treated, the lower the risk of permanent injury or death.
* ''Main article: '''[[Abortion-breast cancer (ABC) hypothesis]]'''''
:The controversial ''abortion-breast cancer (ABC) hypothesis'' posits an association between having an abortion and a higher risk of developing [[breast cancer]]. The proposed mechanism is based on the increased [[estrogen]] levels found during early [[pregnancy]], which initiate [[cellular differentiation]] (growth) in the [[breast]] in preparation for [[lactation]]. The ABC [[hypothesis]] states that if the pregnancy is aborted before full differentiation in the third [[trimester]], then more "vulnerable" undifferentiated cells would be left than prior to the pregnancy, resulting in an elevated risk of [[breast cancer]]. The majority of interview-based studies have indicated a link, and some have been demonstrated to be [[statistically significant]], but there remains debate as to their reliability because of possible [[response bias]].
:According to the [[National Cancer Institute]] (NCI), it is "well established" that "induced abortion is not associated with an increase in breast cancer risk." Those findings have been disputed by [[Joel Brind|Dr. Joel Brind]], a leading scientific advocate of the ABC hypothesis. Nevertheless, gaps and inconsistencies remain in the research as the "ABC link" continues to be a politicized issue.
* A specific and undisputed complication that can arise, especially with repeated abortions by a [[dilatation and curettage]], is the development of [[Asherman syndrome]].<!--orphan!-->
===Mental health===
<!--remove subsection entirely? -- I tend to agree. The medical literature has little to add here in terms of conclusive findings. -->
<!--I updated the opening paragraph with information gleaned from Congressional Record, which I researched when trying to sort out how pro-life activists could insist that there was no Koop Report, just a letter, while pro-choice activists insisted that there was indeed a Koop Report which they would cite extensively. It turned out that both were telling the truth, after a fashion.-->
The medical literature has not conclusively shown that abortion affects mental health.
:"[[George Walter]], an employee of then [[US Surgeon General]] [[C. Everett Koop]], conducted a review of more than 250 studies in the literature pertaining to the psychological impact of abortion. Walter conducted the review at the request of Koop, who was being pressured by then [[US President]] [[Ronald W. Reagan]] to produce a report. Walter consulted primarily with researchers from the [[Alan Guttmacher Institute]] and the [[Centers for Disease Control]], and used primarily studies recommended by researchers in favor of easy access to legal abortion. Walter submitted the report to Koop, who instructed Walter to shelve the report. Koop submitted a letter to Reagan indicating that the research was inconclusive. However, Walter released the report under Koop's name. Thus, public debates in the US as to the safety of legal abortion remain muddled. Opponents of abortion cite Koop's letter finding the evidence inconclusive, and those favoring the availability of legal abortion cite Walters' report, released under Koop's name, and attributed to Koop. "{{ref|Koop}}
Research on the risk of [[clinical depression]] associated with abortion has been inconclusive:
*Another study of 2,525 women revealed that women who had an abortion were more likely to report depression or lower satisfaction with their lives. However, they also often reported [[rape]], [[child abuse|childhood physical and sexual abuse]], and [[spousal abuse|violent partners]]. After controlling for the history of abuse, partner characteristics, and background variables, abortion was not related to [[mental illness|poorer mental health]].{{ref|abortion4}}
*A study in the Medical Science Monitor{{ref|abortion5}} stated that, "Consistent with previous research, the data here suggest abortion can increase stress and decrease coping abilities, particularly for those women who have a history of adverse childhood events and prior trauma." In the study, 65% of post-abortive [[United States of America|American]] women and 13.1% of [[Russia]]n women experienced multiple symptoms of increased arousal, re-experiencing, or avoidance associated with [[posttraumatic stress disorder]] (PTSD). According to the study, 14.3% of American and 0.9 % of Russian women met the full diagnostic criteria for PTSD.{{ref|abortion6}}<!--Needs a Source!//A related study showed that 82% of those who suffer from PTSD as a result of abortion actively attended religious services and 36% reported to have been victims of abuse or rape which could contribute to the disorder.--><!--Minor Objection to the statistic given in the paragraph: Paragraph fails to mention that of the 14.3% in America and .9% in Russia not all, or even most, of the women who meet full criteria for PTSD had abortions. It is suggested that the statistic be elaborated upon, so as not to mislead women into thinking that 14.3% of American and .9% of Russian women suffer PTSD as a direct result of abortion. // OK, in response to this minor objection immediately prior, I am quoting Labor Law Talk, under the "Possible side effects" header and the "Postabortion psychological issues" subheader.--> However, in all fairness, not all PTSD is necessarily from abortion. [http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com Labor Law Talk] has this commentary on the paper: "In keeping with the paper, it should however be noted that many day to day tasks cause problems for sufferers of PTSD, especially as a result of child abuse. Visits to dentists are often a problem, but women often still try to get to them and to avoid all events in life that might lead to re-traumatization." [http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Abortion]
See also: [[Abortion trauma syndrome]]
==History of abortion==
{{main|History of abortion}}
According to some [[anthropologists]], (induced) abortion has occurred from [[Ancient_history|ancient]] times forward. Abortions were induced with sharpened sticks, poisonous herbs, abdominal pressure, special exercises, and other techniques. Many ancient texts contain specific recipes for abortificants, or even descriptions of specialized [[medical]] instruments designed to remove a [[fetus]] from the [[womb]]. Along with changes in medical science, there have been changes in the [[Norm (sociology)|societal norms]] and laws that govern abortion.
==The abortion debate==
{{Main article|Abortion debate}}
Throughout the [[history of abortion]], induced abortions have always been a source of considerable [[debate]] and [[controversy]] regarding the morality and legality of abortion. An individual's position on the complex [[ethical]], [[moral]], [[philosophical]], [[biological]] and [[legal]] issues have a strong relationship with that individual's [[value system]]. A person's position on abortion may be best described as a combination of their personal beliefs on the morality of induced abortion, and that person's beliefs on the ethical scope and responsibility of legitimate [[government|governmental]] and legal [[authority]]. Another major factor for many individuals is authoritative religious doctrine. See [[religion and abortion]] for more.
Abortion debates, especially pertaining to abortion laws, are often spearheaded by [[advocacy|advocacy groups]] belonging to one of two camps. Those in favor of laws prohibiting abortion describe themselves as [[pro-life]]. Those against laws restricting abortion describe themselves as [[pro-choice]]. Both "pro-choice" and "pro-life" are [[loaded term|loaded terms]], designed to cast their position as advancing a general concept ("life" or "choice") that has broad support. Both terms are euphemisms designed to evade the use of the term "abortion", such as being "anti-abortion" or "pro-abortion". Individuals are also usually classified or self-described as pro-choice or pro-life, despite the range of intermediate opinions.
In debate, whether friendly discussion or political positioning, the arguments on abortion usually seek to change either an individual's [[beliefs]] on the moral permissibility of an induced abortion, or on the jutification of [[laws]] permitting or restricting abortion. Arguments on morality and legality tend to collide and combine, complicating the issue at hand.
===Public opinion===
Political sides have largely been divided into [[moral absolutism|absolutes]]. The abortion debate, as such, tends to centre around individuals who hold strong positions. However, public opinion varies from poll to poll, country to country, and region to region:
*'''Australia''': In a [[February]] [[2005]] [[AC Nielsen]] poll, as reported in the [[The Age]], 56% thought the current abortion laws were "about right," 16% want changes in law to make abortion "more accessible," and 17% want changes to make it "less accessible." [http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Poll-backs-abortion-laws/2005/02/15/1108230007300.html] A [[1998]] poll, conducted by Roy Morgan Research, asked, "Do you approve of the termination of unwanted pregnancies through surgical abortion?" 65% of the [[Australia| Australians]] polled stated that they approved of surgical abortion and 25% stated that they disapproved of it. [http://oldwww.roymorgan.com/polls/1998/3058]
*'''Ireland''': A [[1997]] [[Irish Times]]/MRBI poll of the [[Republic of Ireland|Republic of Ireland's]] electorate found that 18% believe that abortion should never be permitted, 35% that one should be allowed in the event that the mother's life is threatened, 18% if her health is at risk, 28% that "an abortion should be provided to those who need it," and 5% were undecided. [http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/front/1997/1211/archive.97121100003.html]
* '''Canada''': A recent poll of [[Canadians]], conducted in [[April]] [[2005]] by [[Gallup]], found that 52% of those polled want abortion laws to "remain the same," 20% want the laws to be "less strict," and 24% would prefer that the laws become "more strict." An earlier Gallup poll, from [[December]] [[2001]], asked, "Do you think abortions should be legal under any circumstances, legal only under certain circumstances or illegal in all circumstances and in what circumstances?" 32% of Canadians responded that they believe abortion should be legal in all circumstance, 52% that it should be legal in certain circumstances, and 14% that it should be legal in no circumstances. See [[Abortion in Canada]].
* '''The United States''': A [[CNN]]/[[USA Today]]/[[Gallup]] poll in [[August]] [[2005]], which asked [[United States| Americans]] if they considered themselves to be "pro-choice" or "pro-life," found that 54% of answered "pro-choice" while 38% answered "pro-life." An [[ABC News]]/[[Washington Post]] survey, in [[August]] [[2005]], asked, "Would you like to see the Supreme Court make it harder to get an abortion than it is now, make it easier to get an abortion than it is now, or leave the ability to get an abortion the same as it is now?" 42% of respondents said abortion should be "harder" to obtain, 9% that it should be "easier" to obtain, and 47% that ease or difficulty of access should remain the "same." A [[July]] [[2005]] [[Pew Research Center]] poll asked Americans about ''[[Roe vs. Wade]]'' and found that 29% want it overturned while 65% do not. [http://www.pollingreport.com/abortion.htm]
== Abortion law ==
{{Main article|Abortion law}}
[[image:AbortionLawsMap.png|thumb|250px|International status of abortion law]]
The [[Soviet Union]] ([[1920]]) and [[Iceland]] ([[1935]]) were some of the first countries to generally allow abortion. The second half of the twentieth century saw the liberalization of abortion laws in many other countries. In [[1973]], the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] struck down state laws banning abortion, controversially ruling that such laws violated an inferred [[right to privacy]] in the [[U.S. Constitution]]. The [[Supreme Court of Canada]], similarly, discarded its criminal code regarding abortion in [[1988]], after ruling that such restrictions violated the security of person guaranteed to women under in the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]. [[Ireland]], on the other hand, added an [[Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland| amendment]] to its [[Constitution of Ireland|Constitution]] in 1983 by popular referendum, recognizing "the right to life of the unborn." (see [[Abortion in Ireland]]).
Current laws pertaining to abortion are diverse. Religious, moral, and cultural sensibilities continue to influence abortion laws throughout the world. The [[right to life]], the right to [[liberty]], and the right to [[security of person]] are major issues of [[human rights]] that are sometimes used as [[justification]] for the existence or the absence of laws controlling abortion. Many countries in which abortion is legal require that certain criteria be met in order for an abortion to be obtained, often, but not always, using a [[trimester]]-based system to regulate the window in which abortion is still legal to perform:
* In the [[United States]], some states impose a 24-hour waiting period before the procedure, prescribe the distribution of information on [[fetal development]], or require that parents be contacted if their [[Minor (law)|minor]] daughter requests an abortion.
* In the [[United Kingdom]], as in some other countries, two doctors must first certify that an abortion is medically or socially necessitated before it can be performed.
Other countries, in which abortion is illegal, will allow one to be performed in the case of [[rape]], [[incest]], or danger to the pregnant woman's life or health. A handful of nations ban abortion entirely, such as [[Chile]], [[El Salvador]], and [[Malta]].
== Related topics ==
{{wikiquote}}
*[[Abortion in Canada]]
*[[Abortion in Ireland|Abortion in the Republic of Ireland]]
*[[Abortion in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Abortion in the United States]]
*[[Adoption]]
*[[Nuremberg Files]]
*[[Partial-birth abortion]]
*[[Pregnancy]]
*[[Religion and abortion]]
*[[Selective reduction]]
*[[Self-induced abortion]]
*[[Sex-selective abortion and infanticide]]
*[[Wrongful abortion]]
==Sources==
# {{note|abortion1}} Bankole, Akinrinola; Singh, Susheela; Haas, Taylor. "Reasons Why Women Have Induced Abortions: Evidence from 27 Countries." International Family Planning Perspectives, 1998
# {{note|abortion2}} Moreau, C. et al, ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15777440&query_hl=8 "Previous induced abortions and the risk of very preterm delivery"]'', BJOG. 2005; 112(4):430-7
# {{note|abortion3}} [http://news.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/05/15/nabort15.xml http://news.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/05/15/nabort15.xml]
# {{note|Beral}} Beral V, Bull D, Doll R, Peto R, Reeves G; Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and abortion: collaborative reanalysis of data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 83?000 women with breast cancer from 16 countries. Lancet. 2004 Mar 27;363(9414):1007-16. PMID 15051280
# {{note|Koop}}Koop CE. Post abortion syndrome: myth or reality? Health Matrix. 1989 Summer;7(2):42-4. PMID 10294679
# {{note|abortion4}} Denious, J. & Russo, N. F. (2000). The Socio-Political Context of Abortion and its Relationship to Women's Mental Health. In J. Ussher (Ed.). Women's Health: Contemporary International Perspectives (pp. 431-439). London: British Psychological Society.
# {{note|abortion5}} [http://www.medscimonit.com/medscimonit/index.php http://www.medscimonit.com/medscimonit/index.php - Medical Science Monitor]
# {{note|abortion6}} Vincent Rue, Priscilla Coleman, James Rue, David Reardon (2004). Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women. Med Sci Monit, 2004; 10(10): SR5-16
# {{note|abortion7}} Ciganda C, Laborde A., ''[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12807304&query_hl=9 "Herbal infusions used for induced abortion"]'', J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003; 41(3):235-9
# {{note|abortion8}} [http://www.efc.org.uk/Foryoungpeople/Factsaboutabortion/Unsafeabortion Education For Choice] – Unsafe abortion
==External links==
*[http://www.foodnetwork.com/food/recipes/recipe/0,1977,FOOD_9936_24509,00.html Emeril Live! Tailgating Recipe Contest Winner]
* [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion Abortion Statistics and Other Data]
*[http://southernfood.about.com/od/jalapenochilerecipes/r/bl21220b.htm Mexican Recipe]
* [http://www.abortionclinic.org The Abortion Clinic Directory]
*[http://annualreview.law.harvard.edu/population/abortion/abortionlaws.htm Abortion Laws of the World]
* [http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/abortion Abortion Policies: A Global Review]
'''The following links may be biased:'''
* [http://www.plannedparenthood.com/ Planned Parenthood]
* [http://www.care-net.org/ CareNet]
* [http://justfacts.com/abortion.htm Just Facts: Abortion]
* [http://agi-usa.org/ The Alan Guttmacher Institute]
* [http://www.womenonwaves.org/set-1020.628-en.html WomenonWaves.org]
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[[da:Provokeret abort]]
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[[fr:Interruption volontaire de grossesse]]
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[[ja:妊娠中絶]]
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[[pt:Interrupção da gravidez]]
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[[he:הפלה מלאכותית]]
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