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'''Streethouse''' is a small [[village]] to the east of [[Wakefield]], the south of [[Normanton, West Yorkshire|Normanton]] and the west of [[Pontefract]] in [[West Yorkshire]]. Formerly a mining village, Streethouse retains a train station on the line between [[Wakefield]] and [[Pontefract]] and a miners' club. Unemployment and deprivation prompted several locals to leave and there have been periods when much of the housing has been uninhabited. Streethouse suffers from similar problems to [[Fitzwilliam, West Yorkshire|Fitzwilliam]] and [[Grimethorpe]], though on a lesser scale.
{{Infobox_University
|name =College of William & Mary, The
|image_name = WMseal.gif
|image_size = 190px
|motto =
|established =[[1693]]<ref>The College gives its founding date as 1693[http://www.wm.edu/about/facts.php], but has not operated continuously since that time, closing in 1882 and re-opening in 1888; v. s. [[#Post-colonial history|Post-colonial history]]</ref>
|type =[[Public university]]
|endowment =US $492 [[million]]
|staff =
|faculty =763
|president =[[Gene R. Nichol]]
|chancellor =[[Sandra Day O'Connor]]
|students =7,709
|undergrad =5,734
|postgrad =1,975
|doctoral =
|profess =
|city =[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]]
|state =[[Virginia]]
|country =[[United Stats|U.S.]]
|campus =Small city, 1,200 acres (4.9 km²)
|colors =[[Green (colour)|Green]] and [[Gold (colour)|Gold]] {{color box|green}} {{color box|gold}}
|mascot =
|nickname = The Tribe
|athletics =[[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]], [[Colonial Athletic Association|CAA]]
|footnotes =
|website =[http://www.wm.edu/ www.wm.edu]
}}
The '''College of William & Mary''' (also known as '''William & Mary''', '''W&M''' or '''The College''') is a small [[coeducational]] [[public university]] located in [[Williamsburg, Virginia]], [[United States]]. It is the [[Colonial colleges|second-oldest]] institution of [[higher education]] in the [[United States]]. It is considered one of the original eight [[Public Ivies]] listed by Richard Moll in [[1985]].
A lot of crime is targeted at those who move into the village who do not have a history there. The police are unable to do anything as most people are related and will not report members of their family.
William & Mary was founded in [[1693]] by a [[Royal Charter]] issued by [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary II]] of England. William and Mary educated [[U.S. Presidents]] [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[James Monroe]], and [[John Tyler]] and other key figures important to the development of the nation, including U.S. [[Supreme Court]] Chief Justice [[John Marshall]] and 16 signers of the [[U.S. Declaration of Independence]]. W&M is notable in [[higher education]] for the founding of the [[Phi Beta Kappa]] academic [[honor society]].
In other words Streethouse, a village of no fewer than 200 houses is full of dirty thieving inbreds. Remarkably, there are only 5 families within those 200 houses - its quite scary what freakish little creatures they manage to produce. We are talking seriously gimpy plonkers with a whole host of odd looking features and delinquency of epidemic proportions. Luckily the delightful people of Streethouse have access to a state-of-the-art chip shop, the only disadvantage being that it is a three minute walk away from most houses. In addition, when it rains the giant puddle provides a free bathing area, its just a shame it isn't in the middle of the road. The people of Streethouse are easily recognisable from quite a distance, usually the mucky white tracksuit bottoms, stripey Ben Sherman jumpers and Burberry cap's give them away, not to mention the manure-like smell. It is estimated that the average Streethouse villager has between none and three bath's per year, consumes between six and seven hundred tonnes of chips and approximately four hundred gallons of special brew per quarter. They go through roughly 50 pairs of stolen white trainers per year and they don't understand English - the chances of this being read by one of them is estimated to be about sixteen billion to one. All in all, Streethouse is without doubt one of the most dangerous places in the Northern hemisphere. Make sure you avoid at all costs!!
Known for its [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] program, William & Mary also offers a [[Marshall-Wythe School of Law|law school]] (the first in the United States), as well as several other graduate programs. Although considered one of the first [[universities]] in America, the school retains the traditional "College" in its name as was specified in its [[Royal Charter]] of [[1693]]. The institution's official name is "''The College of William & Mary in Virginia''."
[[Category:Villages in West Yorkshire]]
==History==
=== Prologue===
[[Image:wren1.jpg|thumb|left|400px|[[Wren Building]] with a snow-covered statue of [[Lord Botetourt]]]]
A school of higher education for both Native American young men and the sons of the colonists was one of the earliest goals of the English leaders of the [[Virginia Colony]], which was initially based at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] in 1607. Within the first decade, a promising start of a school was initiated as part of the progressive colonial outpost of [[Henricus]] under the leadership of Sir [[Thomas Dale]]. However, the [[Indian Massacre of 1622]] destroyed the Henricus development, postponing the colonists' hopes for a school of higher education. It would be almost 70 more years before their efforts to establish a school of higher education would be successfully renewed with the founding of William & Mary.
===Founding and colonial history===
In 1691, the [[House of Burgesses]] sent [[James Blair (clergyman)|James Blair]] (the colony's top religious leader and rector of Henrico Parish at [[Varina]]) to [[England]] to secure a [[charter]] to establish "''a certain Place of Universal Study, a perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages, and the good arts and sciences...to be supported and maintained, in all time coming.''" Blair journeyed to [[London]] and began a vigorous campaign. With support from his friends, [[Henry Compton]], the [[Bishop of London]], and [[John Tillotson]] ([[Archbishop of Canterbury]]), Blair was ultimately successful. [http://www.wm.edu/news/index.php?id=2705]
''See also article [[James Blair (Virginia)]]''
[[Image:James Blair.jpg|frame|right|[[James Blair (Virginia)|Reverend Dr. James Blair]] (Founder)]]
The College was founded on [[February 8]], [[1693]], under a [[Royal Charter]] secured by Blair. Named in honor of the reigning monarchs [[William III of England|King William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Queen Mary II]], the College was one of the original [[Colonial colleges]]. The Charter named Blair as the College's first president (a lifetime appointment which he held until his death in 1743). The new school was also granted a [[coat of arms]] from the [[College of Arms]].[http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/seventeenth.php]
William and Mary was founded as an [[Anglican]] institution; governors were required to be members of the [[Church of England]], and professors were required to declare adherence to the [[Thirty-Nine Articles]].<ref>Webster, Homer J. (1902) "Schools and Colleges in Colonial Times," ''The New England Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly'', v. XXVII, p. 374, Google Books[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC01644447&pg=PA373]</ref>
The [[Royal Charter]] called for a center of higher education consisting of three schools: the Grammar School, the Philosophy School and the Divinity School. The Philosophy School instructed students in the advanced study of moral philosophy (logic, rhetoric, ethics) as well as natural philosophy (physics, metaphysics, and mathematics); upon completion of this coursework, the Divinity School prepared these young men for [[ordination]] into the [[Church of England]].
This early curriculum, a precursor to the present-day [[liberal arts]] program, made William and Mary the first American college with a full faculty. The College has achieved many other [[Wren Building#Priorities of the College|notable academic firsts]].
In 1693, the College was given a seat in the [[House of Burgesses]] and it was determined that the College would be supported by [[tobacco]] taxes and export duties on [[fur]]s and animal skins. In 1694, Blair returned from England, and William & Mary opened in the original "College Building" at [[Middle Plantation]], located on high ground midway across the [[Virginia Peninsula|Peninsula]] between the [[James River (Virginia)|James]] and [[York River]]s. The College Building (the precursor to today's [[Wren Building]]) was completed in 1699 on a picturesque site comprising 330 acres. The present-day College still stands upon those grounds.
After the statehouse at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] burned in 1698, the legislature moved temporarily to Middle Plantation, as it had in the past. Upon suggestion of students of the College, the capital was permanently relocated there, and Middle Plantation was renamed [[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg]].
[[Image:Thomas-Jefferson.jpg|145px|thumb|left|[[Thomas Jefferson]] (Class of 1762)]]
Williamsburg served as the capital of Colonial Virginia from 1699 to 1780. During this time, the College served as a law center and lawmakers frequently used its buildings. It educated future U.S. Presidents [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[James Monroe]], and [[John Tyler]]. The College issued [[George Washington]] his surveyor's certificate, which led to his first public office. Washington was later appointed the first American chancellor following the American Revolution [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellors]] in 1788, which was his last public office that he held until his death in 1799.
[[Image:WytheGeorge.jpg|thumb|right|[[George Wythe]] (America's first law professor)]]
[[George Wythe]], widely regarded as a pioneer in American legal education, attended the College as a young man, but dropped out unable to afford the fees. Wythe went on to become one of the more distinguished jurists of his time. Jefferson, who later referred to Wythe as "my second father," studied under Wythe from 1762 to 1767. By 1779, Wythe held the nation's first Law Professorship at the College. Wythe's other students included [[Henry Clay]], [[James Monroe]] and [[John Marshall]]. [http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/wythe.htm]
The College also educated three [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] Justices ([[John Marshall]], [[Philip Pendleton Barbour]] and [[Bushrod Washington]]) as well as several important members of government including [[Peyton Randolph]] and [[Henry Clay]].
===Secret societies===
The first secret society in America was established at the College in the 1760s.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} As it is known today, the Flat Hat Club is one of the most influential societies and is known for its ability to influence a variety of elections on campus.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
[[John Heath]] and [[William Short]] (Class of 1779) founded the [[Phi Beta Kappa]] academic honor society at William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as a secret literary and philosophical society. Additional chapters were soon established at Yale and at Harvard.[http://www.shsu.edu/~eng_wpf/frat_hist.html], and there are now 270 chapters nationwide,[http://www.pbk.org/about/history.htm]. Alumni [[John Marshall]] and [[Bushrod Washington]] were two of the earliest members of [[Phi Beta Kappa]], elected in 1778 and 1780, respectively. [http://www.pbk.org/about/history.htm]
Some of the secret societies known to exist at the College today are the [[Seven Society, Order of the Crown and Dagger]], the [[Bishop James Madison Society]], the [[Flat Hat Club]], the Alpha Club, the 13 Club, the W Society, the Williams, the Phi Society.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
=== Post-colonial history ===
The colonies declared their independence in 1776 and William & Mary severed formal ties to England. However, the College's connection to British history remains as a distinct point of pride; it maintains a relationship with the British monarchy and includes former Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] among those who have served as Chancellors. [[Queen Elizabeth II]] will be visiting W&M for the second time (the first was her historic{{Fact|date=April 2007}} U.S. visit with [[Prince Phillip]] in 1957).[http://www.wm.edu/hermajesty/history.php] Somewhat formal ties with royal England today is unique to W&M in U.S. [[higher education]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}}
[[Image:Wren 1859 william and mary.jpg|thumb|300px|Wren Building in 1859]]
In 1842, alumni of the College formed the [http://alumni.wm.edu/history/index.shtml Society of the Alumni] which is now the sixth oldest alumni organization in the United States.
During portions of the [[American Civil War]] (1861-1865), William & Mary was occupied by Union troops. The [[Battle of Williamsburg]] was fought nearby during the [[Peninsula Campaign]] on [[May 5]], [[1862]]; on September 9, 1862, drunken soldiers of the 5th Pennsylvania Cavalry set fire to the College Building, reportedly in an attempt to prevent [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] snipers from using it for cover.
Following restoration of the Union, the College's 16th president, [[Benjamin S. Ewell]], sought war reparations from the U.S. Congress, but he was unsuccessful. The College closed in 1882 due to lack of funds. During this time, President Ewell sounded the bell in the [[Wren Building]] every year, an act traditionally regarded as the start of the academic term. [http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/nineteenth2.php]
In 1888, William & Mary resumed operations under a substitute charter when the [[Commonwealth of Virginia]] passed an act[http://swem.wm.edu/departments/special-collections/exhibits/exhibits/charter/normal/] appropriating $10,000 to support the College as a state teacher-training institution. [[Lyon Gardiner Tyler]] (son of US President and alumnus [[John Tyler]]) became the 17th president of the College following President Ewell's retirement. Tyler, along with 18th president J.A.C. Chandler, expanded the College into a modern [[institution]]. Then, in March of 1906 the general assembly passed an act taking over the grounds of the colonial institution, and it has remained publicly supported ever since. In 1918, William & Mary was one of the first universities in Virginia to become [[coeducational]]. During this time, enrollment increased from 104 students in 1889 to 1269 students by 1932.
Significant campus construction continued under the College's nineteenth president, John Stewart Bryan. In 1935, the ''[[Sunken Gardens (Virginia)|Sunken Gardens]]'' were constructed, just west of the Wren Building. The sunken design is taken from a similar landscape feature at [[Chelsea Hospital]] in London, designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Thanks to the generosity of [[John D. Rockefeller, Jr.]], the Sir Christopher Wren Building, the President's House and the Brafferton (the President's office) were restored to their eighteenth century appearance between 1928 and 1932.
[[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] visited the College on October 16, 1957, where the Queen spoke to the College community from the balcony of the '''Wren Building'''.
In 1974, Jay Winston Johns willed [http://www.ashlawnhighland.org/ Ash Lawn-Highland], the 535-acre historic [[Albemarle County, Virginia]] estate of alumnus and U.S. President [[James Monroe]], to the College. The College restored this historic Presidential home near Charlottesville and opened it to the public. [http://www.ashlawnhighland.org/]
===The Sir Christopher Wren Building===
The building officially referred to as the "[[Sir Christopher Wren]] Building" was so named upon its completion in 1931 to honor the English architect [[Sir Christopher Wren]] attributed with the design for the College's main building by an eighteenth century author. Wren was famous for designing [[St. Paul's Cathedral]] in London. The Wren Building is based on the design of original College Building (1699) as it appeared after a 1716 remodeling. The basis for the 1930s name is a 1724 history in which Hugh Jones stated that the 1699 design was "first modelled by Sir Christopher Wren" and then was adapted "by the Gentlemen there" in Virginia; little is known about how it looked, since it burned within a few years of its completion and was remodeled by 1716. Therefore historians have little evidence to substantiate Jones's claim that Wren actually designed the 1699 main building. The College's Alumni Association recently published an article exploring Sir Christopher Wren's potential involvement in the original College Building. [http://www.wm.edu/alumni/WMAA/Magazine/Fall05/pages/Fall05_Wren.htm] A follow-up letter clarified the apocryphal nature of the Wren connection. [http://www.wm.edu/alumni/WMAA/Magazine/Win0506/Mailbox.pdf].
In the early 20th century, the Reverend Dr. [[W.A.R. Goodwin]] and [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.]] undertook a massive restoration project in Williamsburg -- the project culminated into [[Colonial Williamsburg]]. As part of this undertaking, the Wren Building was the first major building to be restored. Following a drawing on the Bodleian copper plate (ca. 1740) and plans Thomas Jefferson drew of the interior in 1772, the Boston architectural firm of [[Perry, Shaw & Hepburn]] restored the building to its second form (1705-1859). The architectural firm subsequently designed complete reconstructions of the Capitol and the Governor's Palace, the original versions of which had burned during the eighteenth century. [http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cfm]
Two other buildings around the Wren Building complete a triangle known as '''Ancient Campus''': the [[Brafferton (building)]] (built in 1723 and originally housing the Indian School, now the President and Provost's offices) and the '''President's House''' (built in 1732).
The [[Wren Building]] also holds the distinction of being the oldest functional educational building in the United States. The Wren Building was known in colonial times as "The College" because, in the early years of the institution, the entire College of William & Mary consisted solely of the [[Wren Building]]. Inside its hallowed walls, all students (males only at that time) lived, ate, studied, worshiped and learned.
== Academics ==
===History and milestones===
William and Mary is the second-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Of the original [[colonial colleges]], William & Mary was the "most prominent and had the best classroom and residential buildings." [http://www.greekpages.com/LocalsOnline/history.htm#pbk]
The College was the first to teach [[Political Economy]]; Adam Smith's ''[[Wealth of Nations]]'' was a required textbook [http://mason.wm.edu/overview/][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Priorities_of_the_College_%28W%26M%29.jpg]. In the reform of 1779, William & Mary became the first college in America to become a [[university]]<ref>http://www.wm.edu/law/about/firsts.shtml</ref>, establishing faculties of law and medicine; it was also the first college to establish a chair of modern languages. Chemistry was taught beginning in the nineteenth century; alumnus and future [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] founder [[William Barton Rogers]] served as the College's Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry from 1828-1835.
Beginning with his 1778 ''Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge,'' alumnus and future [[University of Virginia]] founder [[Thomas Jefferson]] was involved with efforts to [[secularize]] and reform the College's curriculum. Jefferson guided the College to adopt the nation's first elective system of study and to introduce the first student-adjudicated [[Honor code|Honor System]].<ref> However, a biographer notes that "Jefferson would one day sharply criticize William & Mary, and eventually he designed, built, and administered the University of Virginia in open opposition to his alma mater." {{cite book|title=Thomas Jefferson: A Life|author=Willard Sterne Randall|year=1994|publisher=HarperCollins|id=ISBN 0-06-097617-9}} [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0060976179&id=jxh4rGiz7GgC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=jefferson+%22william+and+mary%22+%22university+of+virginia%22&sig=8DPCM10dm_YxUZE0p0t6YXbcvMo p. 40]</ref>
Also at Jefferson's behest, the College appointed his friend and mentor [[George Wythe]] as the first Professor of Law in America in 1779. [[John Marshall]], who would later go on to become Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, was one of Wythe's students. The College's [[Marshall-Wythe School of Law]] is the oldest law school in the United States[http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/eighteenth2.php].
William & Mary has had five [[Rhodes Scholars]] since 1988 and many students have won Fulbright, Truman and Goldwater fellowships. [http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/twentieth4.php]
===Popular majors and Graduate Placement===
The most popular majors at the College are government, history, economics, English, biology, and business administration.
W&M students with at least a B+ average have a 70-75% acceptance rate to medical school and students with at least a B average enjoy an 80-85% acceptance rate to law school. It is worth noting that both these figures are double the national average. Sixty percent of W&M students go on to graduate school within 5 years of graduation [http://www.wm.edu/admission/?id=3154]
===Rankings===
In [[2007]] and for the past several years, William & Mary has ranked as the <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>6 public university in the nation by [[U.S. News and World Report]]. [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php] And among America's public four-year, degree-granting institutions, William & Mary is ranked <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>2 for its high graduation rate. [http://nces.ed.gov/ipedspas/RankByVar.asp] In the latest available US News rankings, it is ranked <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>31 among all national universities.[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php] In the last [[U.S. News and World Report|U.S. News]] ranking of quality undergraduate teaching, it ranked <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>1 among public universities. [http://www.wm.edu/about/rankings.php] In 2006, ''[[The Washington Monthly]]'' ranking, a survey which counterbalances the ''U.S. News'' rankings with a different methodology and intent (e.g., measuring the institution as an engine of service, beneficial research, and upward mobility), ranked W&M <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>19 among U.S. universities.[http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2006/0609.collegechart.html]
The 2007 [[U.S. News and World Report|U.S. News]] rankings placed W&M's [[Marshall-Wythe School of Law]] <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>27 among all law schools[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/law/brief/lawrank_brief.php] and the doctoral program in American colonial history <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>2 [http://www.wm.edu/about/rankings.php]. In 2007, Business Week ranked W&M's undergraduate business program <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>29 [http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/news_press_release,72535.shtml]. Similarly, in 2006, the Public Accounting Report ranked the undergraduate accounting program <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>23 and the graduate accounting program <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>24.[http://www.bentley.edu/graduate/banner_PDFs/pareport.pdf] In 2007, a survey completed by more than 1,000 U.S. and Canadian faculty members in international relations, identified William & Mary as one of the top five colleges or universities for an undergraduate student interested in international relations.[http://www.wm.edu/irtheoryandpractice/trip/surveyreport06-07.pdf] William & Mary was one of only five non-doctoral programs in the top 25.
In [[2007]] William & Mary moved up one place to rank as the <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>3 "best value" among America's public colleges in the latest issue of [[Kiplinger's Personal Finance]] Magazine. [http://finance.yahoo.com/college-education/article/102273/Best_Values_in_Public_Colleges]
According to a [[2006]] survey by the [[NCAA]], William & Mary athletes were ranked <sup><span style="font-variant:small-caps">#</font></sup>5 for graduation rates (tied with [[Stanford University]]). Of the six sports that are individually highlighted in the NCAA report, William & Mary shows a 100% graduation rate in three sports categories (football, women’s basketball and women’s track and field/cross county).[http://www.wm.edu/news/index.php?id=6999]
In summer 2005, [[Newsweek Magazine]] dubbed William and Mary the "hottest small state school" due to William and Mary's small enrollment (for a public university) and 34% increase in the number of applicants since 1999. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8939242/site/newsweek/page/2/]
In 2007 BusinessWeek ranked The Mason School of Business at The College of William and Mary 29th best undergraduate business program in the US. [http://bwnt.businessweek.com/bschools/undergraduate/07rankings/index.asp]
===Learning environment===
The ''State Council of Higher Education for Virginia'', a state organization charged with promoting Virginia's institutions of higher education, concluded:
:''William & Mary is one of the nation's premier public universities, combining the best features of an undergraduate college with those of a research university''. [http://research.schev.edu/roie/four_year/CWM/body.asp?i=1]
William & Mary's small university environment, with only 5,635 undergraduates enrolled, distinguishes it from larger research universities, and its 11:1 student-to-faculty is lower than most top public universities. 86% percent of undergraduate classes have fewer than 40 students. [http://www.wm.edu/admission/?id=3154] Many applicants indicate that they were drawn to W&M's small-college environment.
===Graduate programs===
William & Mary also enrolls approximately 2,000 students in the following graduate or professional schools:
* [[Marshall-Wythe School of Law|William & Mary Law School (Marshall-Wythe)]]
* [http://mason.wm.edu/mason/ Mason Business School]
* [http://www.wm.edu/fas/graduate/ Graduate School of Arts and Sciences]
* [http://www.wm.edu/tjppp/ Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy]
* [http://www.wm.edu/education/ School of Education]
* [http://www.vims.edu/ Virginia Institute of Marine Science]
===Admissions and selectivity===
Nationally, W&M's acceptance rates (ranging from 31% to 37%) place it among the most selective universities in the U.S. [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/webex/lowacc_brief.php][http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:jff_Ns7IPMYJ:www.wm.edu/news/pdf/College%2520of%2520William%2520andMary9%2520%25202005%252001pdf.pdf+standard+and+poor+ranking+of+william+and+mary&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1&client=safari]
The top five overlap schools for William & Mary applicants are the [[University of Virginia]], [[Duke University|Duke]], [[Georgetown University|Georgetown]], [[Cornell University|Cornell]], and [[Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt]]. [http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:jff_Ns7IPMYJ:www.wm.edu/news/pdf/College%2520of%2520William%2520andMary9%2520%25202005%252001pdf.pdf+standard+and+poor+ranking+of+william+and+mary&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1&client=safari]
For the 2005-06 academic year, 31.0% of applicants were admitted to William & Mary, more selective than the [[University of Virginia]] (37.7%) and [[Vanderbilt University]] (35.3%) but less selective than [[Georgetown University]] (21.5%), [[Duke University]] (21%), and [[Cornell University]] (27.1%). [http://apps.collegeboard.com/search/CollegeDetail.jsp?match=true&collegeId=3090&type=qfs&word=william%20and%20mary] Of those admitted to the 2005 enrolling class, 40.9% matriculated at William & Mary, an admissions [[yield]] that leads Vanderbilt's (39.4%) but trails those of the University of Virginia (52.8%), Georgetown University (47.2%), Cornell University (46.5%) and Duke University (43.2%). [http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cool/]
==Student life==
===Campus activities===
The College enjoys a temperate climate[http://www.wm.edu/environment/Watershed/Weather/KeckWeather.htm]. In addition to renovations on the student recreation center, (including a new gym, rock climbing wall, and larger exercise rooms)[http://www.wm.edu/recsports/] the largely wooded campus has its own lake and outdoor amphitheatre. Beaches at [[Virginia Beach]] are an hour away, and [[Washington DC]] is a two-hour drive to the north.
The College's University Center Activities Board ([http://www.wm.edu/ucab/ UCAB]) hosts concerts, comedians, and speakers on campus and in the 8,600-capacity [[Kaplan Arena]]. [http://flathat.wm.edu/story.php?issue=2006-04-28&type=4&aid=1]
===Honor System===
William & Mary's [[Honor code|Honor System]] was first established by [[Thomas Jefferson]] in 1779. During the orientation week, nearly every entering student recites the Honor Pledge in the Great Hall of the Wren Building pledging:
:''As a Member of the William & Mary community I pledge, on my Honor, not to lie, cheat, or steal in either my academic or personal life. I understand that such acts violate the Honor Code and undermine the community of trust of which we are all stewards.''
The Honor System stands as one of the College's most important traditions; it remains student-administered through the Honor Council with the advice of the faculty and administration of the College. The College's Honor System is codified such that students found guilty of cheating, stealing or lying are subject to sanctions ranging from an oral warning to dismissal. [http://www.wm.edu/deanofstudents/judicial/Honor_System.php]
===Traditions===
[[Image:CrimDell.jpg|thumb|right|375px|Crim Dell in the heart of W&M's wooded campus]]
William & Mary has a number of traditions, including the Yule Log Ceremony, at which the president dresses as [[Santa Claus]] and reads a rendition of "[[How the Grinch Stole Christmas]]," "A Visit from Saint Nicholas," or other holiday texts.
Incoming freshmen participate in Opening Convocation, at which they pass through the entrance of the Wren Building and are officially welcomed as the newest members of the College. Freshmen also have the opportunity, during orientation week, to serenade the President of the College at his home with the Alma Mater song. The Senior Walk is similar, in that graduating seniors walk through the Wren Building in their "departure" from the College. On the last day of classes, Seniors are invited to ring the bell in the cupola of the Wren Building.
Unofficial traditions include the Triathlon, a set of three tasks to be completed by each student prior to graduation. These include jumping the wall of the Governor's Palace in Colonial Williamsburg after hours, and if so inclined, running through the Boxwood Maze to the Palace itself, [[streaking]] through the Sunken Gardens, and swimming in the Crim Dell (pictured).
Legends include: kissing a date on the Crim Dell Bridge results in a future marriage. The crypt under the chapel can be reached via steam ducts under the campus and were supposedly used to steal bones from the grave of [[Norborne Berkeley, 4th Baron Botetourt]] who is entombed in the Wren Chapel. Many ghosts supposedly haunt the older sections of this school as it enters its 4th Century.
===W&M trivia===
* [[Hollywoodland]], the recent L.A. film noir centering around the mysterious death of [[Superman]] actor [[George Reeves]], is based upon a book co-authored by W&M professor Nancy Schoenberger
* As a college student at W&M, Thomas Jefferson attended lavish dinner parties held by royal governor [[Francis Fauquier]] where he developed his early love for wine (his favorites were madeira and claret). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/books/chapters/1203-1st-hail.html]
* There are elaborate catacombs running under the [[Wren Building]] and leading to tombs under the Wren Chapel, which have been closed off due to student explorations.
* The reigning British monarch [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] and her husband [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] spoke at the College on October 16, 1957, as did [[Charles, Prince of Wales|Prince Charles]] in 1993 at the 300th anniversary (or Tercentenary) of the founding of the College.
* [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] is scheduled to make a second historic visit to the College on May 4, 2007 to receive a class award, request the ringing of the Wren Bell and give remarks to students, faculty and alumni. [http://www.wm.edu/hermajesty/]
* The [[Steely Dan]] song "My Old School" with its lyric about William and Mary was widely thought to be about the College, but apparently is about songwriter [[Donald Fagen]]'s student days at [[Bard College]].
* Upon graduation in 1965, [[United States Secretary of Defense|U.S. Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert Gates]] received the Algernon Sydney Sullivan Award naming him the graduate that "has made the greatest contribution to his fellow man."
* Three people with ties to W&M, Chancellor [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], Board of Visitors member [[Laurence Eagleburger]], and alumnus [[Robert Gates]] were members of the 2006 [[Iraq Study Group]].
===Fraternities and sororities===
William & Mary has a long history of [[fraternities and sororities]] dating back to [[Phi Beta Kappa]], the first "Greek-letter" organization, which was founded there in [[1776]]. Today, Greek organizations play an important role in the College community, along with other social organizations (e.g., soccer house, theatre organizations). Overall, about one-third of its undergraduates are active members of the following 14 national fraternities and 12 sororities. [http://www.wm.edu/so/greeks/]
Fraternities represented at William and Mary are:
* [[Alpha Epsilon Pi]]
* [[Alpha Phi Alpha]]
* [[Alpha Tau Omega]]
* [[Beta Theta Pi]]
* [[Chi Phi]]
* [[Delta Chi]]
* [[Delta Phi]]
* [[Kappa Alpha Order]]
* [[Kappa Sigma]]
* [[Kappa Delta Rho]]
* [[Lambda Chi Alpha]]
* [[Pi Kappa Alpha]]
* [[Phi Kappa Tau]]
* [[Phi Mu Alpha]]
* [[Sigma Chi]]
* [[Sigma Pi]]
* [[Theta Delta Chi]]
Sororities represented are:
* [[Alpha Chi Omega]]
* [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]]
* [[Chi Omega]]
* [[Delta Delta Delta]]
* [[Delta Gamma]]
* [[Delta Sigma Theta]]
* [[Gamma Phi Beta]]
* [[Kappa Alpha Theta]]
* [[Kappa Delta]]
* [[Kappa Kappa Gamma]]
* [[Phi Mu]]
* [[Pi Beta Phi]]
===Athletics===
[[Image:Logo wm.gif|left]]
William & Mary's sports teams are known as "The Tribe." The College fields [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] [[Division I]] teams for men and women in basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, and indoor and outdoor track and field. In addition, there are women's field hockey, lacrosse and volleyball squads as well as men's baseball and football. In the 2004-05 season, the Tribe garnered 5 [[Colonial Athletic Association]] titles, and it leads the conference with over 80 titles. In that same year, several teams competed in the [[National Collegiate Athletic Association|NCAA]] Championships, and the football team appeared in the I-AA semifinals. [http://www.tribeathletics.com] The men's soccer team has produced some notable players; the goalkeeper [[Adin Brown]] was a back-to-back [[Division I First-Team All-American (soccer)|NCAA First Team All-American]] in 1998 and 1999. The football program has produced many NFL players and coaches; all pro safety Darren Sharper, current Steelers head coach Mike Tomlin, kicker Steve Christie, current Denver Bronco Mike Leach, 1-AA Walter Payton Offensive Player of the Year award winner QB Lang Campbell, WR Dominque Thompson, WR Rich Musinski, Hall of Fame coach Marv Levy, and Jacksonville Jaguars linebackers coach Mark Dufner. The men's cross country team finished 8th at the 2006 Division I National Championships. In addition, the track team has produced many All-Americans, including Brian Hyde, an Olympian and Collegiate record holder in the 1500 meter run.
In May of 2006, the NCAA ruled that the athletic logo (which includes two green and gold feathers) could create an environment that is offensive. In June the College appealed the decision regarding the use of the institution’s athletic logo to the NCAA Executive Committee; this appeal was rejected on August 3, 2006. The "Tribe" nickname, by itself, was found to be neither hostile nor abusive, but rather communicates ennobling sentiments of commitment, shared idealism, community and common cause. [http://www.wm.edu/news/?id=5338]. As a result, the current athletic logo contains only the word "Tribe." In October 2006 the College notified the NCAA that it would phase out the use of the two feathers before the fall of 2007.[http://www.wm.edu/news/index.php?id=6870] Some students have vowed to display it on their own at NCAA post-season games.
Previously, the College's "unofficial" mascot was "Colonel Ebirt" ("Tribe" backwards), which was discontinued.[http://www.wm.edu/news/index.php?id=5246]
==Leadership==
On [[July 1]], [[2005]], [[Gene R. Nichol]] (formerly Dean and Burton Craige Professor of the Law School of the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]]) was sworn in as the College's 26th President, succeeding [[Timothy J. Sullivan]]. Nichol has encountered controversy over his decision to remove the [[Gene Nichol#Wren Cross Controversy|Millington Cross]] from the College's Wren Chapel as well as over his decision not to bar the [[Sex Workers' Art Show]] (which had also visited W&M during President Sullivan's tenure, as well as Virginia Commonwealth University and many other universities nationally).
[[Sandra Day O'Connor]] was installed as the College's 23rd Chancellor on April 7, 2006. Until 1776, the Chancellor was an English subject, usually the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] or the [[Bishop of London]], who served as the College’s advocate to the crown, while a colonial President oversaw the day-to-day activities of the Williamsburg campus. Following the Revolutionary War, General [[George Washington]] was appointed as the first American chancellor; later President [[John Tyler]] held the post. The College has recently had a number of distinguished Chancellors: former [[Chief Justice of the United States]] [[Warren E. Burger]] (1986-1993), former [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] (1993-2000), and former [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Henry Kissinger]] (2000-2005).
The Student Assembly, the College's student government organization charged with student advocacy, social event planning, and appropriating funds to other student groups, has existed since 1915, with some structural reforms made in recent years.
''See Also: [[List of Presidents of William & Mary]]''
===W&M Board of Visitors===
* [[William Barr]]
* [[Laurence Eagleburger]]
* [[Michael K. Powell]]
==Commencement speakers==
*[[2007]] - [[Robert Gates]] (Class of 1965) (scheduled)
*[[2006]] - [[Desmond Tutu]]
*[[2005]] - [[Timothy J. Sullivan]] (Class of 1966)
*[[2004]] - [[Jon Stewart]] (Class of 1984)
*[[2003]] - [[Queen Noor of Jordan]]
*[[2002]] - [[Lamar Alexander]]
*[[2001]] - [[Madeleine Albright]]
*[[2000]] - [[Brent Scowcroft]]
*[[1999]] - [[John Warner]]
*[[1998]] - [[Joseph Ellis]] (Class of 1965)
*[[1997]] - [[Margaret Thatcher]]
*[[1996]] - [[Antonin Scalia]]
*[[1995]] - [[George H. W. Bush]]
*[[1994]] - [[George Will]]
*[[1993]] - [[Bill Cosby]]
*[[1992]] - [[James Baker]]
*[[1991]] - [[Hanna Holborn Gray]]
*[[1990]] - [[Douglas Wilder]]
*[[1989]] - [[Glenn Close]] (Class of 1974)
*[[1988]] - [[Colin Powell]]
*[[1987]] - [[Roger Mudd]]
*[[1986]] - [[Jeane Kirkpatrick]]
*[[1985]] - [[Grace Hopper]]
*[[1984]] - [[Paul Volcker]]
*[[1983]] - [[Elizabeth Dole]]
*[[1982]] - [[Garry Trudeau]]
*[[1981]] - [[William F. Buckley, Jr.]]
*[[1980]] - [[Art Buchwald]]
*[[1979]] - [[Jeff MacNelly]]
*[[1978]] - [[Barbara Jordan]]
== Distinguished William & Mary alumni ==
{{main|List of Notable Alumni from the College of William and Mary}}
William & Mary has produced a large number of distinguished alumni including: [[U.S. Presidents]] [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[John Tyler]], and [[James Monroe]]; key figures in American history [[Peyton Randolph]], [[Henry Clay]] and [[Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court]] [[John Marshall]]; [[MIT]] founder [[William Barton Rogers]]; U.S. Military [[Generals]] [[Winfield Scott]] and [[David McKiernan]]; [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] headcoach [[Mike Tomlin]], football Hall-of-Famer [[Lou Creekmur]], and [[Minnesota Vikings]] safety [[Darren Sharper]]; major league baseball players [[Vic Raschi]] and [[Curtis Pride]]; the popular entertainers [[Scott Glenn]], [[Glenn Close]], [[Linda Lavin]] and [[Jon Stewart]]; fashion designer [[Perry Ellis]]; and the 22nd [[U.S. Secretary of Defense]] [[Robert Gates]].
==Notable professors==
* [[James L. Axtell]] - William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Humanities; inducted to [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (2004)<ref>http://www.wm.edu/history/directory.php?personid=6545</ref>
* [[George Grayson]] - Government professor, noted expert in Latin American politics, Senior Associate with the Americas Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies<ref>http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_experts/task,view/id,283/</ref>
* [[Charles Hobson]] - author of several prominent books on Chief Justice [[John Marshall]], and the editor of the Marshall papers (housed at W&M's [[Marshall-Wythe School of Law|law school]])<ref>http://www.wm.edu/jmp/hobson.htm</ref>
* [[Jack B. Martin]] - Associate Professor and Chair of English; author of a [[Creek language]] dictionary along with [[Margaret Mauldin]]<ref>http://www.wm.edu/linguistics/directory.php?personid=12595</ref>
* [[Mitchell Reiss]] - Professor of Government and Law; Director of Policy Planning ([[U.S. Department of State]])<ref>http://www.wm.edu/government/directory.php?personid=8963</ref>
* [[William H. Starnes, Jr.]] - Professor Emeritus; inventor of ester thiol organic PVC stabilizers<ref>http://www.wm.edu/chemistry/facultydirectory.php?personid=1228082</ref>
* [[William Van Alstyne]] - Professor of Law, nationally known constitutional scholar, noted to be among the most frequently cited scholars (top forty) in the preceding half century and elected into the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1994 <ref>http://www.wm.edu/law/facultyadmin/faculty/van_alstyne-873.shtml</ref>
* [[Dirk Walecka]] - Emeritus Professor of Physics; recipient of Tom Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics from [[American Physical Society]]; former director of CEBAF/JLAB<ref>http://www.wm.edu/physics/faculty.php?personid=4833</ref>
* [[Lawrence Wilkerson]] - Harriman Visiting Professor of Government and Public Policy,<ref>http://www.wm.edu/news/index.php?id=6966</ref> former Chief of Staff to [[Colin Powell]], and critic of [[Iraq War]] intelligence <ref>http://www.wm.edu/news/?id=6479</ref>
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
===Further information===
*[http://www.wm.edu/ The College of William & Mary (official site)]
**[http://www.wm.edu/vitalfacts/ Historical Chronology]
**[http://www.wm.edu/about/wren/wrenchapel/htmls/wmaerials.html W & M (aerial photographs)]
**[http://www.wm.edu/news/wmnews/ W & M News (official publication of the administration)]
*[http://www.swem.wm.edu/departments/special-collections/exhibits/exhibits/charter/charter/ The Royal Charter of the College]
*[http://swem.wm.edu/ Earl Gregg Swem Library]
*[http://www.jstor.org/journals/00435597.html The William & Mary Quarterly]
*[http://www.tribeathletics.com Athletics department]
*[http://www.wm.edu/dcoffice/ W & M Washington, DC Office]
===Alumni organizations===
*[http://www.wmalumni.com/ William & Mary Alumni Association (formerly the Society of the Alumni)]
*[http://mason.wm.edu/Mason/Our%20Community/Alumni/ Mason School of Business Alumni Association]
*[http://www.wm.edu/law/alumni/ Marshall-Wythe School of Law Alumni Association]
*[http://www.vims.edu/alumni/ Virginia Institute of Marine Science Alumni Office]
===Student organizations===
*[http://www.wm.edu/studentactivities/ W&M Student Activities] and [http://www.wm.edu/ucab/ Student Activities Board]
*[http://flathatnews.com/ The Flat Hat]
*[http://www.wcwm.org/ WCWM, the official radio station]
*[http://sin.wm.edu/ Student Information Network]
*[http://www.vainformer.com/ The Virginia Informer]
*[http://www.dogstreetjournal.com/ The DoG Street Journal]
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/seac/ Student Environmental Action Coalition]
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/reveille Reveille - Women's A Cappella]
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/oneaccord One Accord - Men's Christian a cappella]
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/sci-fi The Science Fiction & Fantasy Club]
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/wmas William & Mary Anime Society]
*[http://www.sinfonicron.org/ Sinfonicron Light Opera Company]
*[http://www.wm.edu/so/choir/ William & Mary Choir]
===Institutes and special projects===
*[http://www.wm.edu/airc/ American Indian Resource Center]
*[http://fsweb.wm.edu/ccb/ Center for Conservation Biology]
*[http://www.courtroom21.net Courtroom 21 Project: World's Most Advanced Courtroom (School of Law)]
*[http://www.wm.edu/environment/KeckLab.html Keck Lab for Environmental Sciences]
*[http://www.wm.edu/oieahc/ Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture]
*[http://www.compsci.wm.edu/SciClone/index.html SciClone: largest academic Sun Microsystems cluster in western hemisphere]
*[http://www.vims.edu Virginia Institute of Marine Science]
*[http://www.wm.edu/wmindc W&M in Washington Semester Program]
*The Institute of Bill of Rights Law
{{Public colleges and universities in Virginia}}
{{Colonial Athletic Association}}
{{CAA Football Conference}}
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[[Category:Universities and colleges in Virginia|William & Mary, College of]]
[[Category:1693 establishments|William & Mary, College of]]
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[[Category:Public universities|William & Mary, College of]]
[[Category:Colonial Athletic Association|William & Mary College of]]
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