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'''Bì Shēng''' ({{zh-tsw|t=畢昇|s=毕升|w=Pì Shēng}}; [[990]]-[[1051]] AD) was the inventor of the first known [[movable type]] [[printing]] system. Bi Sheng's type was made of baked clay and was invented between [[1041]] and [[1048]] in [[China]].
[[Image:TARDIS.jpg|right|thumb|The current TARDIS prop as seen at the BBC Wales reception in 2005.]]
The '''TARDIS'''<ref>Generally, TARDIS is written in all upper case letters—this convention was popularised by the [[Target Books|Target]] [[List of Doctor Who novelisations|novelisations]] of the 1970s. However, the use of ''Tardis'' is equally correct and consistent with current [[Abbreviation#Style conventions|British press style]], in which [[acronym]]s (where initials spell a new pronounceable name) are referred to with only the first letter capitalised (for example, Bafta), while [[initialism]]s (which are not pronounced as words), such as BBC, are capitalised in their entirety - and many examples of the form ''Tardis'' are found in media and, occasionally, licensed publications (in the [[List of Doctor Who serials#Series 1 (2005)|2005 series]] episode "[[World War Three (Doctor Who)|World War Three]]", the [[caller ID]] of the TARDIS is displayed on [[Rose Tyler]]'s [[mobile phone]] as ''"Tardis calling"''—this capitalisation of only the initial letter being the default setting for [[Nokia]] mobile phones).</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title=First reference in print
|url=http://www.cuttingsarchive.org.uk/radiotim/cs-s01-04/season1/dal_a.htm
|date=December 1963}} The word ''Tardis'' first appeared in print in the Christmas 1963 edition of ''[[Radio Times]]'' and this BBC publication has often italicised it to connote a ship's name (cutting available from ''The Doctor Who Cuttings Archive'' [http://www.cuttingsarchive.org.uk/index.htm]).</ref> is a [[time travel|time machine]] and [[spacecraft]] in the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[science fiction on television|science fiction television]] programme ''[[Doctor Who]]''. The name is an [[acronym]] of '''T'''ime '''A'''nd '''R'''elative '''D'''imension(s) '''I'''n '''S'''pace.<ref>There is some disagreement over whether the "D" in the name stands for "dimension" or "dimensions"; both have been used in various episodes. The very first story, ''[[An Unearthly Child]]'' (1963), used the singular "Dimension" and other episodes followed suit for the next couple of years. The 1964 novelisation ''[[The Daleks|Doctor Who in an Exciting Adventure with the Daleks]]'' used the plural "Dimensions" for the first time and the 1965 serial ''[[The Time Meddler]]'' (1965) introduced it to the television series. Since then both versions have been used on different occasions; for example, it is singular again when mentioned in ''[[Frontios]]'' (1984). In "[[Rose (Doctor Who)|Rose]]" (2005), the Doctor uses the singular form (although this was a decision of the actor [[Christopher Eccleston]]—the line was scripted in the plural). Likewise, the Tenth Doctor keeps the word firmly singular in "[[Smith and Jones (Doctor Who)|Smith and Jones]]" (2007).</ref> The name TARDIS may also be a bilingual pun, as the word "tardis" translates from Latin as "late" (akin to the English word "tardy").
Bi Sheng was a commoner and his ancestry and details were not recorded. He was recorded only in the ''Writings Beside the Meng Creek'' (夢溪筆談 Mengxi Bitan, or [[Dream Pool Essays]]) by Chinese scholar [[Shen Kuo]] (沈括) (1031–1095). ''Writings Beside the Meng Creek'', however, gave detailed and sufficient description on the technical details of Bi Sheng's invention of movable type:
A product of [[Time Lord]] technology, a properly maintained and piloted TARDIS can transport its occupants to any point in time and space. The interior of a TARDIS is much [[Creative geography|larger]] than its exterior, which can blend in with its surroundings through the ship's chameleon circuit. In the series, the [[Doctor (Doctor Who)|Doctor]] pilots an unreliable, stolen, obsolete Type 40 TARDIS whose chameleon circuit is stuck, giving it the shape of a 1950s-style London [[police box]]. It was stolen from the shipyards of [[Gallifrey]] where it had been stripped for spare parts, and the unpredictability of the TARDIS' short range guidance — that is, relative to the size of the entire Universe — has often been a plot point in the Doctor's travels.
:''When he wished to print, he took an iron frame and set it on the iron plate. In this he placed the types, set close together. When the frame was full, the whole made one solid block of type. He then placed it near the fire to warm it. When the paste [at the back] was slightly melted, he took a smooth board and pressed it over the surface, so that the block of type became as even as a whetstone.''
Although "TARDIS" is a type of craft, rather than a specific one, the Doctor's TARDIS is usually referred to as "the" TARDIS or, in some of the earlier [[List of Doctor Who serials|serials]], just as "the ship". (In the two 1960s [[Dr. Who (Dalek films)|Dalek films]], the craft was referred to as ''Tardis'', without the definite article.)
:''For each character there were several types, and for certain common characters there were twenty or more types each, in order to be prepared for the repetition of characters on the same page. When the characters were not in use he had them arranged with paper labels, one label for each rhyme-group, and kept them in wooden cases''.<ref name=Tsien>
''Doctor Who'' has become so much a part of British [[popular culture]] that not only has the shape of the police box become more immediately associated with the TARDIS than with its real-world inspiration, the word "TARDIS" has been used to describe anything that seems bigger on the inside than on the outside.<ref>{{cite web
{{cite book
| url = http://www.jessesword.com/sf/view/424
|last= Tsien
| title = Full record for Tardis-like adj.
|first= Tsuen-Hsuin
| work = Science Fiction Citations
|editor= Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China,
| accessdate = 2006-04-19
|title= Paper and Printing
}}</ref> The name TARDIS is a registered [[trademark]] of the [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=1068700 |title=Case details for Trade Mark 1068700 |accessdate=2007-01-28 |publisher=[[United Kingdom Patent Office|UK Patent Office]] }}</ref>
|year= 1985
|publisher= Cambridge University Press
==Conceptual history==
|___location= Cambridge
[[Image:TARDIS2.jpg|right|thumb|The Mark II fibreglass ''TARDIS'' used between 1980 and 1989 and seen at BBC Television Centre.]]
|chapter= part one, vol.5
[[Image:Earls Court Police Box.jpg|left|thumb|Police box mounted with a modern surveillance camera outside Earl's Court tube station in London.]]
|page=201-202.
When ''Doctor Who'' was being developed in 1963, the production staff discussed what the Doctor's time machine would look like. Due to budgetary constraints,<ref>Howe; Walker (2003), p. 23</ref> it was decided to make it resemble a [[police box]]. This was explained in the context of the series as a disguise created by the ship's "[[chameleon]] circuit", a [[cloaking device|mechanism]] which is responsible for changing the outside appearance of the ship in order to fit in with its environment. A further premise was that the circuit was broken, explaining why it was "stuck" in that form.
The idea for the police-box disguise came from [[BBC]] staff writer [[Anthony Coburn]], who rewrote the programme's first episode from a draft by [[C. E. Webber]].<ref>Howe; Walker (2003), p. 15–16</ref> Coburn is believed to have conceived the time machine's external form after spotting a real police box while walking near his office on a break from writing the episode. In that first episode, ''[[An Unearthly Child]]'', the TARDIS is first seen in a 1963 junkyard; it subsequently malfunctions, retaining the police box shape in a prehistoric landscape.
At the time of the series' debut in 1963, the police box was still a common fixture in British cities (it was used in the 1960s as a temporary holding cell for suspected offenders until police back-up arrived), and with some 700 in [[London]] alone, it was a logical choice for camouflaging a time machine. While the idea may have begun as a creative ploy by the BBC to save time and money on props, it soon became an [[in-joke]] genre convention in its own right as the old-style police box was phased out of use. The [[anachronism]] has become more pronounced since there have been very few police boxes of that style left in Britain for some considerable time. Despite changes in the prop, the TARDIS has become the show's most consistently recognisable visual element.
The type of police box the TARDIS resembled was normally constructed out of concrete. However, the props for the television series were originally made out of wood, and later on from fibreglass, for easy transportation and construction on ___location as well as within the confines of a studio set. The props have also varied slightly in their dimensions and designs over the years, and do not conform precisely to their real-life counterparts.
The production team conceived of the TARDIS travelling by [[materialization (science fiction)|dematerialising]] at one point and rematerialising elsewhere, although sometimes in the series it is shown also to be capable of conventional space travel. In the 2006 [[Christmas]] special, "[[The Runaway Bride]]", the Doctor remarks that for a space ship, the TARDIS does remarkably little flying. The ability to travel simply by fading into and out of different locations became one of the trademarks of the show, allowing for a great deal of versatility in setting and storytelling without a large expense in special effects. The distinctive accompanying sound effect — a cyclic wheezing, groaning noise — was originally created in the [[BBC Radiophonic Workshop]] by [[Brian Hodgson]]. He produced the effect by dragging a set of house keys along the strings of an old, gutted [[piano]]. The resulting sound was then recorded and electronically processed with echo and reverb. When employed in the series, the sound is synchronised with the flashing light on top of the police box. The comic strip feature of ''[[Doctor Who Magazine]]'' traditionally represents the ship's distinctive dematerialisation sound with the [[onomatopoeia|onomatopoeic]] phrase "vworp vworp".
In 1996, the BBC applied to the [[United Kingdom Patent Office|UK Patent Office]] to register the TARDIS as a [[trademark]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=C&trademark=2104259 |title=Case details for Trade Mark 2104259 |accessdate=2007-01-17 |publisher=[[United Kingdom Patent Office|UK Patent Office]] }}</ref> This was challenged by the [[Metropolitan Police Service|Metropolitan Police]] who felt that they owned the [[intellectual property|rights]] to the police box image. However, the Patent Office found that there was no evidence that the Metropolitan Police — or any other police force — had ever registered the image as a trademark. In addition, the BBC had been selling [[Doctor Who merchandise|merchandise]] based on the image for over three decades without complaint by the police. The Patent Office issued a ruling in favour of the BBC in 2002.<ref name="trademark">{{cite web |url=http://www.patent.gov.uk/tm//legal/decisions/2002/o33602.pdf |title=IN THE MATTER OF Application No. 2104259 by The British Broadcasting Corporation to register a series of three marks in Classes 9, 16, 25 and 41 AND IN THE MATTER OF Opposition thereto under No. 48452 by The Metropolitan Police Authority |accessdate=2007-01-17 |last=Knight |first=Mike |format=[[PDF]] |publisher=[[United Kingdom Patent Office|UK Patent Office]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/2352743.stm |title=BBC wins police Tardis case |accessdate=2007-01-17 |date=[[2002-10-23]] |work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref>
==General characteristics==
[[Image:Hartnellconsole.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The console room from the first episode of ''[[Doctor Who]]'', "[[An Unearthly Child]]" (1963).]]
TARDISes are grown, not made ("[[The Impossible Planet]]"). They draw their power from several sources, but primarily from the [[Black hole#The singularity|singularity]] of an artificial [[black hole]], known as the [[Eye of Harmony]] ([[Doctor Who (1996 film)|the 1996 ''Doctor Who'' television movie]]). In ''[[The Edge of Destruction]]'' (1964), the power source of the TARDIS (referred to as the "heart of the TARDIS") is said to be beneath the central column of the console, with the rise and fall of the column an indication of its functioning. They are also said to draw power from the entire universe as revealed in the episode "[[Rise of the Cybermen]]", in which the TARDIS is brought to a parallel universe and cannot function without the use of a crystal power source from within the TARDIS, charged by the Doctor's life force.
Other elements needed for the proper functioning of the TARDIS and requiring occasional replenishment include [[mercury (element)|mercury]] (used in its fluid links), the rare ore Zeiton 7 (''[[Vengeance on Varos]]'', 1985) and "artron energy." The latter is a form of temporal energy, generated by Time Lord minds, which is also said to help power TARDISes (''[[The Deadly Assassin]]'', 1976; ''[[Four to Doomsday]]'', 1982). Another form of energy, "huon energy", is found in the heart of the TARDIS and (apart from the activities of the [[Torchwood Institute]]) nowhere else in the universe ("[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]").
Before a TARDIS becomes fully functional, it must be primed with the biological imprint of a Time Lord, normally done by simply having a Time Lord operate the TARDIS for the first time. This imprint comes from the [[Rassilon]] Imprimatur, part of the biological makeup of Time Lords, which gives them both a [[symbiosis|symbiotic]] link to their TARDISes and the ability to withstand the physical stresses of time travel (''[[The Two Doctors]]'', 1985).
Without the Imprimatur, molecular disintegration would result; this serves as a safeguard against misuse of time travel even if the TARDIS technology were copied. Once a time machine is properly primed, however, with the imprint stored on a device called a "briode nebuliser", it can be used safely by any species.<ref>The [[Sixth Doctor]] stated this in ''[[The Two Doctors]]'' (1985). However, the veracity of this information may be suspect, as the Doctor later revealed that he had made some facts up to confuse the [[Sontaran]]s and their allies, who were trying to duplicate the Imprimatur to prime their own time vessel.</ref> According to Time Lord law, unauthorised use of a TARDIS carries "only one penalty", implied to be death.
A TARDIS usually travels by dematerialising in one spot, traversing the [[Time vortex (Doctor Who)|time vortex]], and then rematerialising at its destination, without physically travelling through the intervening space. However, the Doctor's TARDIS has been seen to be able to fly through physical space, first in ''[[Fury from the Deep]]'' (1968) and at repeated times throughout the revived series, most notably in "[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]" (2006). As seen in the latter, extended flight puts a strain on the TARDIS' systems. While a TARDIS can materialise inside another, if both TARDISes occupy exactly the same space, a Time Ram will occur, resulting in the mutual annihilation of both (''The Time Monster''). In ''Logopolis'', the Master tricked the Doctor into materialising his TARDIS around the Master's, creating a dimensionally recursive loop (each TARDIS appears inside the other's console room).
Apart from the ability to travel in space and time (and, on occasion, to other dimensions), the most remarkable characteristic of a TARDIS is that its interior is much larger than it appears from the outside. The explanation is that a TARDIS is "dimensionally transcendental", meaning that its exterior and interior exist in separate dimensions. In ''[[The Robots of Death]]'' (1977), the [[Fourth Doctor]] tried to explain this to his [[companion (Doctor Who)|companion]] [[Leela (Doctor Who)|Leela]], using the [[analogy]] of how a larger cube can appear to be able to fit inside a smaller one if the larger cube is farther away, yet immediately accessible at the same time (see [[Tesseract]]). According to the Doctor, transdimensional engineering was a key Time Lord discovery. To those unfamiliar with this aspect of a TARDIS, stepping inside the ship for the first time usually results in a reaction of shocked disbelief as they see the interior dimensions.
[[Susan Foreman]], the Doctor's granddaughter, claimed to have coined the name TARDIS: "I made [it] up from the initials". However, the word TARDIS is used to describe other Time Lords' travel capsules as well. ''The Discontinuity Guide'' by [[Paul Cornell]], [[Keith Topping]] and [[Martin Day]] suggests that "[she] was an influential young lady, and her name for time machines caught on." The [[Virgin New Adventures]] novel ''[[Lungbarrow]]'' by [[Marc Platt]] records Susan telling the [[First Doctor]] that she gave him the idea when he was, implicitly, the "[[Other (Doctor Who)|Other]]".
As seen in ''[[The Trial of a Time Lord]]'' (1986), the experiences of the TARDIS and its crew can be recorded and played back from the Matrix, the Time Lord computer network that is the repository of all their knowledge. The Doctor implies in this serial, with his protestations of being "bugged", that the TARDIS is not normally connected to the Matrix in this manner.
The TARDIS has been shown to be incredibly rugged, withstanding gunfire ([[Doctor Who (1996 film)|the 1996 ''Doctor Who'' television movie]]), temperatures of 3000 degrees without even scorching ("[[42 (Doctor Who)|42]]"), and falls in excess of several miles ("[[The Satan Pit]]"). In ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'', after the TARDIS fell down the side of a cliff (and was later found to be undamaged) the [[Third Doctor]] remarked that it "may have its faults, but it is indestructible." Though consistent for things not intended to destroy the TARDIS, this clearly doesn't apply when facing more advanced weapons, such as Dalek missiles ("[[The Parting of the Ways]]"), which require additional shielding. At the end of "[[Last of the Time Lords]]", the prow of the [[RMS Titanic]] smashes into the console room. This contradicts with the facts that the exterior and interior of the TARDIS are in seperate dimensions, and that the TARDIS is indestructable. This may or may not be resolved in [[Voyage of the Damned (Doctor Who)|the following episode]].
==The Doctor's TARDIS==
[[Image:Secondaryconsole.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The secondary console room from the 1976–1977 season.]]
In the programme, the Doctor's TARDIS is an obsolete Type 40 TT capsule (presumably TT stands for "time travel") that he unofficially "borrowed" when he departed his home planet of [[Gallifrey]]. According to the [[Eighth Doctor Adventures]] novel ''[[The Gallifrey Chronicles]]'' by [[Lance Parkin]], it previously belonged to a Time Lord named Marnal, who was, like the Doctor, somewhat of a renegade. By the time of ''[[The Ribos Operation]]'', the Doctor has been flying it for 523 years.
There were originally 305 registered Type 40s, but all the others had been decommissioned and replaced by new, improved models (''[[The Deadly Assassin]]''). However, the changing appearance of the primary console room over the years and the [[Second Doctor]]'s statement in 1972's ''[[The Three Doctors]]'' ("Ah! I can see you've been doing the TARDIS up a bit. I don't like it.") suggests that the Doctor does upgrade the TARDIS's systems on occasion, though it has been implied that the ship's ability to reconfigure its interior architecture applies to the console room too.
The TARDIS was already old when the Doctor first took it, but exactly how old is a matter of conjecture; the [[Doctor Who spin-offs|spin-off media]] have, on a number of occasions, had the TARDIS wait around for the Doctor for decades and even centuries in relative time. In "[[The Empty Child]]" (2005), the Ninth Doctor claimed that he has had "900 years of phone box travel", meaning the TARDIS is at least that old or has been stuck in that shape for that amount of time from the Doctor's personal perspective. In the unfinished TV serial [[Shada]], fellow Time Lord Professor Chronotis said that the Type 40 TARDISes came out when he was a boy, which showed how old he was considering that he was on his final incarnation.
===Exterior===
As noted above, although the TARDIS is supposed to blend inconspicuously into whatever environment it turns up in, it invariably retains the shape of a [[police box]] (which it first took when landing in 1963) because of a faulty chameleon circuit. The exact nature of the fault has never been specified. The circuit was first mentioned, but not given a technical name, in the second episode of the series, where the First Doctor and Susan noted it was malfunctioning. It was first termed the "camouflage unit" in ''[[The Time Meddler]]'' (1965). The name was changed to "chameleon circuit" in the [[Target Books]] [[List of Doctor Who novelisations|novelisations of the serials]], and this term eventually made its way on screen in ''[[Logopolis]]'' (1981). The circuit was called a "[[cloaking device]]" by the [[Eighth Doctor]] in the [[Doctor Who (1996)|''Doctor Who'' television movie]], but is again referred to as a chameleon circuit in the 2005 series episode "[[Boom Town (Doctor Who)|Boom Town]]".
The Doctor attempts to repair the circuit at different points, namely in ''Logopolis'' and ''[[Attack of the Cybermen]]'', but the successful transformation of the TARDIS into the shapes of a [[pipe organ]] and an elaborate gateway in the latter serial was followed by a return to the status quo. The circuit was also repaired during the [[Virgin New Adventures]] novels, but again the TARDIS' shape was eventually set back to a default police box shape. In "[[Boom Town (Doctor Who)|Boom Town]]" (2005), the Ninth Doctor implied that he had stopped trying to fix the circuit quite some time ago because he'd become rather fond of the police box shape — a claim the Eighth Doctor likewise made in the 1996 television movie.
Cosmetically, the police box exterior of the TARDIS has remained virtually unchanged, although there have been slight modifications over the years. For example, the sign on the door concealing the police telephone has changed from black letters on a white background to white on black and white on blue at various times. Other modifications include the continual jumping back and forth of wording on the phone panel from reading "Urgent Calls" to "All Calls". The "POLICE BOX" sign was wider from [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 18 (1980–81)|Season 18]] onwards and for the 2005 series, but not for the television movie. Early in the programme the TARDIS also had a [[St John Ambulance]] badge on the main doors, but this eventually disappeared. "The Empty Child" revealed that the telephone cupboard could be opened and actually contained a telephone, but that this device is non-functional because it is not hooked up to any telephone lines.
Despite the anachronistic police box shape, the TARDIS' presence is rarely questioned when it materialises in the present-day United Kingdom. In "Boom Town", the Doctor simply noted that humans do not notice odd things like the TARDIS, echoing a similar sentiment expressed by the [[Seventh Doctor]] in ''[[Remembrance of the Daleks]]'' (1988), that humans have an "amazing capacity for self-deception". Various episodes, namely "[[The Sound of Drums]]", also note that the TARDIS generates a perception filter to reinforce the idea that it is perfectly ordinary.
For most of the series' run, the exterior doors of the police box operated separately from the heavier interior doors, although sometimes the two sets could open simultaneously to allow the ship's passengers to look directly outside and vice versa. The revived series' TARDIS features no such secondary doors; the police box doors open directly into the ship. The entrance to the TARDIS is capable of being locked and unlocked from the outside with a key, which the Doctor keeps on his person and occasionally gives copies of to his companions. In the 1996 television movie, the Eighth Doctor (and the Seventh before him) kept a spare key "in a cubby hole behind the 'P'" (of the POLICE BOX sign). In ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'', a Citadel Guard on Gallifrey is initially baffled by the archaic lock when attempting to open the Doctor's TARDIS. Newer TARDIS models apparently have more advanced locking mechanisms that are touch-sensitive or may be operated by remote control.
In the 2005 series, the keys are also remotely linked to the TARDIS, capable of signalling its presence or impending arrival by heating up and glowing. The TARDIS keys have varied in design from an ordinary [[pin tumbler lock|Yale key]] to an [[ankh]]-like key embossed with an alien pattern (identified in [[Terrance Dicks]] and [[Malcolm Hulke]]'s 1972 book ''The Making of Doctor Who'' as the constellation of Kasterborous, Gallifrey's home system) from the [[Third Doctor]]'s era on. The revived series uses the [[Yale lock|Yale]] key version.
The TARDIS lock's security level has varied from story to story. Originally, it was said to have 21 different "holes" and would melt if the key was placed in the wrong one (''[[The Daleks]]'', 1963). The [[First Doctor]] was also able to unlock it with his ring (''[[The Web Planet]]'', 1965) and repair it by using the light of an alien sun refracted through the ring's jewel (''[[The Daleks' Master Plan]]'').
The changing design of the TARDIS keys also suggests that the Doctor changes the lock system every now and then, and that it does not always work the same way. In ''[[Spearhead from Space]]'' (1970) the Third Doctor said that the lock had a metabolism detector, so that even if an unauthorised person had a key, the doors would remain locked. This security measure was also seen in the [[New Series Adventures (Doctor Who)|New Series Adventures]] novel ''[[Only Human]]'' by [[Gareth Roberts (writer)|Gareth Roberts]], which called it an "advanced [[meson]] recognition system." The Ninth Doctor claimed that when the doors were shut, even "the assembled hordes of [[Genghis Khan]]" could not enter ("[[Rose (Doctor Who)|Rose]]", 2005). In "[[Doomsday (Doctor Who)|Doomsday]]" when the TARDIS is confiscated, the Doctor claims, "You'll never get inside it." That being said, several people have managed to just wander into the TARDIS without any problem over the years, including some who became companions; since the TARDIS uses keys, it could easily have been left unlocked.
The doors are supposed to be closed while materialising; in ''[[Planet of Giants]]'' (1964), the opening of the doors during a materialisation sequence caused the ship and its occupants to shrink to doll size. In ''[[The Enemy of the World]]'' (1967), taking off while the doors were still open resulted in [[Cabin pressurization#Rapid loss of pressurization (rapid decompression)|rapid decompression]], with the villainous Salamander being sucked out of the TARDIS. The Second Doctor and his companions managed to cling to the console, and the crisis passed when [[Jamie McCrimmon|Jamie]] managed to shut the doors. In ''[[Warriors' Gate]]'' (1981), the doors open during flight between two universes, admitting a Tharil named Biroc, and allowing the time winds to burn the Doctor's hand and seriously damage [[K-9 (Doctor Who)|K-9]]. In "[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]", however, the doors can be opened safely while the ship is in vacuum, as the TARDIS somehow protects its occupants. This is inconsistent with "[[The Family Of Blood]]", where the Doctor "tricks" one of the Family onto the TARDIS then opens the doors to suck her into the event horizon of a collapsing galaxy; he may have temporarily lowered the defences in this instance.
In the Seventh Doctor audio drama ''[[Colditz (Doctor Who audio)|Colditz]]'', a character was killed by being halfway inside the TARDIS when it dematerialised. Although it is not specifically mentioned, the emotion displayed by the Doctor and Ace gives the impression that the character was cut in half. As usual for ''Doctor Who'', the canonicity of non-television stories is unclear.
The Time Lords (as well as similarly powerful beings) are able to divert the TARDIS' flight path (''[[The Ribos Operation]]'', 1978), as the Master also did once (''[[The Mark of the Rani]]'', 1985). The Rani used a Stattenheim [[remote control]] to summon her TARDIS to her. In ''The Two Doctors'', the [[Second Doctor]] also used a portable Stattenheim.
The exterior dimensions can be severed from the interior dimensions under extraordinary circumstances. In ''[[Frontios]]'' (1984), when the TARDIS was destroyed in a [[Frontios#Tractator|Tractator]]-induced meteor storm, the interior ended up outside the police box shell with various bits embedded in the surrounding rock. The Doctor eventually tricked the Gravis, leader of the Tractators, into reassembling the ship. In "[[Father's Day (Doctor Who)|Father's Day]]" (2005), a temporal paradox resulting in a wound in time threw the interior of the ship out of the wound, leaving the TARDIS an empty shell of a police box. The Doctor attempted to use the TARDIS key in conjunction with a small electrical charge to recover the ship, but the process was interrupted and the TARDIS was only restored after the paradox was resolved. In the final scene in "[[Last of the Time Lords]]", the bow of the [[Titanic]] somehow smashes through the inside wall of the TARDIS.
===Interior===
[[Image:TARDIS wardrobe.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The TARDIS wardrobe from "The Christmas Invasion".]]
Once through the doors of the police box, the TARDIS interior has a vast number of rooms and corridors. The exact dimensions of the interior have not been specified, but apart from living quarters, the interior includes an art gallery (which is actually an ancillary power station), a bathroom with a swimming pool, a medical bay, and several brick-walled storage areas (all seen in ''[[The Invasion of Time]]'', 1978). Portions of the TARDIS can also be isolated or reconfigured; the Doctor was able to jettison 25% of the TARDIS' structure in ''[[Castrovalva]]'' to provide additional "thrust".
Despite a widespread assumption that the interior of the TARDIS is infinite, there are indications that it is not. In ''[[Full Circle (Doctor Who)|Full Circle]]'' (1980), [[Romana]] stated that the weight of the TARDIS in [[List of Doctor Who planets#A|Alzarius']] Earth-like gravity was 5 × 10<sup><small>6</small></sup> [[kilogram]]s (5000 tonnes). Presumably that referred to its internal weight as the TARDIS has been seen on several occasions to be light enough to be lifted by several men as in ''[[Marco Polo (Doctor Who)|Marco Polo]]'', pushed by a group of small blue maintenance workers on Platform One in "[[The End of the World]]", and implied but not seen in "[[Army of Ghosts]]" (although most real police boxes were concrete) and any movement of the exterior has also been known to be transmitted to its interior.
In the tie-in novels, the interior of the TARDIS has been known to contain an entire city (''[[Cat's Cradle: Time's Crucible]]''), used to encompass an entire parallel Earth (''[[Blood Heat]]''), and is big enough to dwarf Gallifrey itself when turned inside out (''[[The Ancestor Cell]]''). It is also seen to exist in multiple timelines.
A distinctive architectural feature of the TARDIS interior is the "[[roundel]]". In the context of the TARDIS, a roundel is a circular decoration that adorns the walls of the rooms and corridors of the TARDIS, including the console room. Some roundels conceal TARDIS circuitry and devices, as seen in the serials ''[[The Wheel in Space]]'' (1968), ''Logopolis'', ''[[Castrovalva]]'' (1981), ''[[Arc of Infinity]]'' (1983), ''[[Terminus (Doctor Who)|Terminus]]'' (1983), and ''[[Attack of the Cybermen]]'' (1985). The design of the roundels has varied throughout the show's history, from a basic circular cut-out with black background to a photographic image printed on wall board, to translucent illuminated discs in later serials. In the secondary console room, most of the roundels were executed in recessed wood panelling, with a few decorative ones in what appeared to be [[stained glass]]. In the new series, the roundels are built into hexagonal recesses in the walls of the new console room.
Other rooms seen include living quarters for many of the Doctor's companions, although the Doctor's own bedroom has never been mentioned or seen. The TARDIS also had a "Zero Room" — a chamber that was shielded from the rest of the universe and provided a restful environment for the [[Fifth Doctor]] to recover from his [[Doctor (Doctor Who)#Changing faces|regeneration]] in ''Castrovalva'' — which was among the 25% jettisoned. However, the [[Seventh Doctor]] spin-off novel ''[[Deceit (Doctor Who)|Deceit]]'' indicated that the Doctor rebuilt the Zero Room shortly before the events of that novel. In some of the [[First Doctor]] serials, a nearby room contains a machine that dispenses food or nutrition bars to the Doctor and his companions. This machine disappears after the first few serials, although mention is occasionally made of the TARDIS kitchen.
Although the interior corridors were not seen in the 2005 series, the fact that they still exist was established in "[[The Unquiet Dead]]", when the Doctor gives Rose some very complicated directions to the TARDIS wardrobe. The wardrobe is mentioned several times in the original series and spin-off fiction, and seen in ''[[The Androids of Tara]]'' (1978), ''[[The Twin Dilemma]]'' (1984) and ''[[Time and the Rani]]'' (1987). The redesigned version, from which the [[Tenth Doctor]] chooses his new clothes, was seen in "[[The Christmas Invasion]]" (2005) as a large multi-levelled room with a spiral staircase. Designer Ed Thomas has suggested that more rooms may be seen in coming episodes.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/5222610.stm
| title=Time Lord handed permanent home
| publisher=BBC News
| date=[[2006-07-27]]
| accessdate=2006-07-28
}}</ref> The Doctor also mentions in "[[The Shakespeare Code]]" that the TARDIS has a rather spacious [[attic]].
====The console room====
[[Image:Tardisconsole.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The console room from the 1984–1988 seasons.]]
The most often seen room of the TARDIS is its console room, where its flight controls are housed. The console room was designed by [[Peter Brachaki]] and was the only set he designed for the show. It was built on a shoestring budget and a tight schedule, which led to Brachacki leaving the show due to disagreements with the production team and possibly a feeling that he had been given an impossible task. Despite his leaving the show and mixed reactions as to how the set looked (producer [[Verity Lambert]] liked it but director [[Waris Hussein]] did not), the basic design of the hexagonal console and wall roundels has persisted to the present day.<ref>{{cite visual | director=Levine, Ian | date=2006 | url= http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0775493 |title= Inside The Spaceship: The Story Of The TARDIS | medium=Documentary | ___location= London | distributor=BBC Worldwide}}</ref>
The TARDIS has at least two console rooms: the primary, white-walled, futuristic one most used throughout the programme's history and the secondary console room used during [[List of Doctor Who serials#Season 14 (1976–77)|Season 14]], which has wood panelling and a more antique feel to it. The cavernous, [[steampunk]]-inspired console room of the television movie may have been a reconfiguration of either of the previously mentioned console rooms (as first suggested in New Adventures novels and later in the [[Big Finish Productions]] [[Radio drama|audio plays]]) or another one entirely.
In the Third Doctor serial ''[[The Time Monster]]'' (1972), the console room of the TARDIS was dramatically altered, including the wall roundels. This new set, designed by Tim Gleeson, was disliked by producer Barry Letts who felt that the new roundels resembled washing-up bowls stuck to the wall. As it turned out, the set was damaged in storage between production blocks and had to be rebuilt, so this particular design only saw service in the one serial.
In the 2005 series, the console room became a dome-shaped chamber with organic-looking support columns, as well as the aforementioned lack of interior doors. How this configuration came about is not explained, but the TARDIS interior was severely damaged by a [[cold fusion]] explosion in ''The Gallifrey Chronicles''. Although the story written before the start of the 2005 series, Parkin has suggested in the [[Outpost Gallifrey]] fan forum that the new configuration could be a result of the TARDIS repairing itself after this event.
The Virgin novels introduced a tertiary console room, which was described as resembling a [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] [[cathedral]] (''[[Nightshade (Doctor Who)|Nightshade]]'' by [[Mark Gatiss]]). Another novel (''[[Death and Diplomacy]]'' by [[Dave Stone]]) suggested that the "native" configuration is so complex and irrational that most non-Time Lords who witness it are driven mad from the experience.
=====The TARDIS console=====
The main feature of the console rooms, in any of the known configurations, is the TARDIS console that holds the instruments that control the ship's functions. The appearance of the primary TARDIS consoles has varied widely but share common details: hexagonal pedestals with controls around the periphery and a moveable column in the centre that bobs rhythmically up and down when the TARDIS is in flight, like a pump or a piston. The arrangement of the controls implies that it was designed to be manned by more than one person. One piece of [[Fanon (fiction)|fan continuity]], used in the spin-off media and also mentioned by the current production team, is that the intended number of operators is somewhere between three and six Time Lords. This may explain why the Doctor tends to do a lot of manic running around the console while he is piloting the TARDIS as well as the occasional difficulty he has in controlling it. His apparent lack of piloting skills are brought into focus in "The Shakespeare Code" when [[Martha Jones]] inquires as to whether a test had to be passed to fly the TARDIS; [[Doctor (Doctor Who)|the Doctor]] replies that there was, but he failed it. The Master also performs manic frantic running actions when stealing the Doctor's TARDIS in "Utopia", supporting the idea that more people should be operating it.
The console can be operated independently of the TARDIS. During the Third Doctor's era, he occasionally detaches the console from the TARDIS to perform repairs on it. In ''[[Inferno (Doctor Who)|Inferno]]'' (1970) the Doctor rides a detached console into a parallel universe.
[[Image:Tvmconsole.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The console room from the 1996 television movie.]]
The central column is often referred to as the "time rotor", although when the term was first used in ''[[The Chase (Doctor Who)|The Chase]]'' (1965) it referred to a different instrument on the TARDIS console. However, the use of this term to describe the central column was common in fan literature and was finally used on screen to refer to the central column in ''[[Arc of Infinity]]'' (1983) and ''[[Terminus]]'' (1983). The current production team uses the term in the same way. It has also been called the "time column" in ''[[Logopolis]]'' (1981).
The secondary console was smaller, with the controls hidden behind wooden panels, and had no central column. The 1996 television movie console also appeared to be made of wood and the central column connected to the ceiling of the console room. The new series' console is circular in shape and divided into six segments, with both the control panels and the central column glowing green, the latter once again connected to the ceiling.
The new series console has a much more thrown-together appearance than previous consoles, with bits of junk from various eras substituting as makeshift controls, including a glass paperweight, a small bell, and a bicycle pump, the latter identified in the Tenth Doctor interactive mini-episode "[[Attack of the Graske]]" as the vortex loop control. Three other controls - the dimensional stabiliser, vector tracker, and the handbrake - were also identified, but although the stabiliser had been mentioned before in the series, the canonicity of the mini-episode is also unclear. As seen in "[[World War Three (Doctor Who)|World War Three]]", there is also a working telephone attached to the console.
Precisely how much control the Doctor has in directing the TARDIS has been inconsistently portrayed over the course of the series. The First Doctor did not initially seem to be able to accurately steer it, but over time subsequent Doctors seemed to be able to pilot it with more precision (for example, in ''[[Logopolis]]'', the [[Fourth Doctor]] is able to make a "short hop" to the exact coordinates when he initially lands the TARDIS 1.6 metres off target). The Tenth Doctor also turned the TARDIS 90 degrees after landing with the doors against a wall in ''[[Fear Her]]'' (2006). However, writers continue to use the [[plot device]] of having the TARDIS randomly land somewhere, or imply that the TARDIS is "temperamental" in its courses through time and space.
Following the ''[[The Key to Time|Key to Time]]'' season (1978–79), the Doctor installed a randomiser to the console which prevented the Doctor (and by extension the evil and powerful [[Black Guardian]]) from knowing where the TARDIS would land next. This device was eventually removed in ''[[The Leisure Hive]]'' (1980). In the 2005 and later series, the Doctor is shown piloting the TARDIS at will, although he still makes the occasional error, such as missing his intended mark by a century (1879 instead of 1979) in "[[Tooth and Claw (Doctor Who)|Tooth and Claw]]" (2006).
In "Boom Town", a portion of the TARDIS console opens to reveal a luminescent vapour within, described by the Doctor as the "heart of the TARDIS", harkening back to the description in ''The Edge of Destruction''. In "[[The Parting of the Ways]]" (2005) it was shown that this is connected to the powerful energies of the [[Time vortex (Doctor Who)|time vortex]].
==TARDIS systems==
[[Image:Tinterior1.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The current series console room, first seen in "[[Rose (Doctor Who)|Rose]]".]]
Because the TARDIS is so old, it is inclined to break down. The Doctor is often seen with his head stuck in a panel carrying out maintenance of some kind or another, and he occasionally has to give it "percussive maintenance" (a good thump on the console) to get it to start working properly. The second-hand nature of the TARDIS may account for some of this. Efforts to repair, control, and maintain the TARDIS have been frequent plot devices throughout the show's run, creating the amusing irony of a highly advanced time machine which, at the same time, is an obsolete and unreliable piece of junk.
===Controls===
The TARDIS possesses telepathic circuits, although the Doctor prefers to pilot it manually. In ''[[Pyramids of Mars]]'' (1975), the Fourth Doctor told [[List of Doctor Who villains#Sutekh|Sutekh]] that the TARDIS controls were "isomorphic," meaning only the Doctor could operate them. However, this characteristic seems to appear and disappear when dramatically convenient, and various companions have been seen to be able to operate the TARDIS and even fly it. It has been theorised that either the Doctor was lying to Sutekh or the isomorphic feature is a security feature that the Doctor can activate and deactivate when convenient. The Eighth Doctor does just this in the [[Big Finish Productions]] audio play ''[[Other Lives]]'' (2005) to allow his companion [[C'rizz]] to operate the console. In "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]", [[Master (Doctor Who)|the Master]] has little trouble stealing the Doctor's TARDIS, despite the Doctor's efforts, although the Doctor locks the coordinates of the TARDIS so that it can only journey between the year 100 trillion and the time-space coordinates of last place the TARDIS landed (with eighteen months leeway).
Apart from the sound that accompanies dematerialisation, in ''[[The Web of Fear]]'' (1968), the TARDIS console was also seen to have a light that winked on and off during landing, although the more usual indicator of flight is the movement of the central column. The TARDIS also possesses a scanner so that its crew may examine the exterior environment before exiting the ship. In the 2005 series the scanner display is attached to the console and is able to display television signals as well as various computing functions and occasionally what the production team has stated are Gallifreyan numbers and text.
The 2005 series also sees the addition of the tribophysical waveform macro kinetic extrapolator to the TARDIS in the episode "[[Boom Town (Doctor Who)|Boom Town]]". This control was originally an intergalactic 'surf board' taken from the [[Slitheen]]. In the 2005 episode "The Parting of the Ways", Captain Jack Harkness uses it to rig up a force field that defends the ship from Dalek missiles. The Doctor uses it again in the Christmas 2006 episode "The Runaway Bride", to jar it a few hundred metres off course when being dragged back to the Empress of Racnoss, in a similar maneuver to one he used in ''The Web of Fear'' with another extra device he plugged into the console. In the last appearance, the TARDIS coral has begun to grow over the extrapolator, implying that the TARDIS is in some way starting to absorb it into its own systems.
In the television movie, access to the Eye of Harmony is controlled by means of a device that requires a [[retina scan|human eye]] to open. Why the Doctor would program such a requirement is [[retcon|retroactively explained]] in the [[Big Finish Productions]] audio play ''[[The Apocalypse Element]]'', where a [[Dalek]] invasion of Gallifrey prompts the Time Lords to code their security locks to the [[retina]]l patterns of the [[Sixth Doctor]]'s companion [[Evelyn Smythe]].
===Defences===
Some of the TARDIS' other functions include a force field and the Hostile Action Displacement System (HADS), which can [[teleportation|teleport]] the ship away if it is attacked (''[[The Krotons]]'', 1968). The force field may no longer be present on the current TARDIS, as an external device had to be hooked up to provide one in "[[The Parting of the Ways]]"; however, the force field may simply have been insufficient to deal with the Dalek weaponry being fired at it, as the Daleks would presumably have sufficient weaponry to pose a threat to the Time Lords during the [[Time War (Doctor Who)|Time War]]. The TARDIS' [[List of Doctor Who items#C|Cloister Bell]] sounds when "wild catastrophes and sudden calls to man the battle stations" are imminent (''Logopolis'').
The interior of the TARDIS is said to be in a state of "temporal grace" (''[[The Hand of Fear]]'', 1976). The Fourth Doctor explains that, in a sense, things do not exist while inside the TARDIS. This has the practical effect of ensuring that no [[weapon]]s can be used inside its environs, though like many of the TARDIS' functions is ignored when dramatically convenient. Weapons have been fired in the console room in ''Attack of the Cybermen'', ''[[Earthshock]]'' (1982) and "[[The Parting of the Ways]]", among others. When confronted by [[Nyssa]] on this contradiction in ''[[Arc of Infinity]]'', the Doctor responded, "Yes, well, nobody's perfect." In ''The Invasion of Time'', a guard's patrol staser will not function, even though K9's nose laser does. The Doctor explains on this occasion that the staser will not work within a relative dimensional stabiliser's field (such as that found in the TARDIS), perhaps explaining the inconsistent nature of weapon usage within the ship. In the audio story ''[[Human Resources (Doctor Who audio)|Human Resources]]'', when a character mentions the temporal grace function, the Eighth Doctor says that his TARDIS "hasn't done that in years".
===Other systems===
[[Image:JadePagoda.jpg|right|thumb|The "Jade Pagoda," art by Peter Elson.]]
The TARDIS also grants its passengers the ability to understand and speak other languages. This was previously described in ''[[The Masque of Mandragora]]'' (1976) as a "Time Lord gift" which the Doctor shared with his companions, but was ultimately attributed to the TARDIS' telepathic field in "[[The End of the World (Doctor Who)|The End of the World]]" (2005). In "The Christmas Invasion", it was revealed that the Doctor himself is an integral element of this capability. [[Rose Tyler|Rose]] is unable to understand the alien [[List of Doctor Who monsters and aliens#Sycorax|Sycorax]] whilst the Doctor is in a regenerative crisis. In "[[The Impossible Planet]]" (2006), it is said that the TARDIS normally even translates writing; in that episode, the TARDIS is unable to translate an alien script, which the Doctor claims makes the language "impossibly old". In the Ninth Doctor Adventures novel ''[[Only Human]]'', the telepathic field includes a filter that replaces foul or undesirable language with more acceptable terms. The TARDIS' telepathic field may also extend to a "perception filter" which partially disguises its apparent anachronisms and oddities ("[[The Sound of Drums]]").
At times the TARDIS appears to have a mind of its own. It is heavily implied in the television series that the TARDIS is "alive" and intelligent to a degree (first in ''The Edge of Destruction''), and shares a bond with those who travel in it; in the television movie the Doctor calls the TARDIS "sentimental." In "[[The Parting of the Ways]]", the Doctor leaves a message for [[Rose Tyler|Rose]] when he believes he will never return, asking her to let the TARDIS die. In the same episode, Rose claims that the TARDIS is alive, echoing the Doctor's earlier statement in "Boom Town". The Doctor's TARDIS is also explicitly said to have died in the new series episode "[[Rise of the Cybermen]]", though the Doctor is able to revive it by giving up some of his life energy (reducing his life expectancy by a decade in the process). Other abilities the TARDIS displays include creating snow via "atmospheric excitation" ("[[The Runaway Bride (Doctor Who)|The Runaway Bride]]") and through a "chameleon arch", engineering an almost [[witness protection]]-style relocation by making its Time Lord another species and placing them in a new fabricated identity with new memories somewhere else in space and time ("[[Human Nature (Doctor Who episode)|Human Nature]]", "[[The Family of Blood]]", "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]").
In the novels, a portion of the TARDIS could be separated and used for independent travel. This was featured in two Virgin novels, ''[[Iceberg (Doctor Who)|Iceberg]]'' by [[David Banks]] and ''[[Sanctuary (Doctor Who)|Sanctuary]]'' by [[David A. McIntee]]. This subset of the TARDIS, resembling a small [[pagoda]] fashioned out of [[jade]], had limited range and functionality, but was used occasionally when the main TARDIS was incapacitated. The sentient characteristics of the TARDIS have been made more explicit in the [[Doctor Who#spin-offs|spin-off]] novels and [[radio drama|audio plays]]. In the Big Finish audio play ''[[Omega (Doctor Who audio)|Omega]]'', the Doctor meets a TARDIS which "dies" after its Time Lord master's demise.
==Other TARDISes==
[[Image:Rani TARDIS.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The interior of the Rani's TARDIS]]
Other TARDISes have appeared in the television series. [[Master (Doctor Who)|The Master]] had at least two TARDISes of his own,<ref name="BBC Episode Guide">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/keepertraken/detail.shtml BBC - Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide - The Keeper of Traken - Details]</ref> each a more advanced model than the Doctor's. The chameleon circuits on these were fully functional, and his TARDISes have been seen in various forms, including: a fully functional spacecraft, a [[Longcase clock|grandfather clock]], a [[fireplace]], an [[Ionic order|Ionic column]], a lorry, and an [[iron maiden (torture device)|iron maiden]]. In the reconstructed ''[[Shada]]'', the Time Lord known as [[Professor Chronotis]] has a TARDIS disguised as his quarters at Cambridge University. His was the only TARDIS ever seen in the TV series that was older than the Doctor's (or would have been had the story been finished as scheduled).
Other Time Lords with TARDISes included the [[Meddling Monk]] and the [[Rani (Doctor Who)|Rani]]. The [[List of Doctor Who villains#W|War Chief]] provided dimensionally transcendent time machines named SIDRATs (Space and Inter-Dimensional Robot All-purpose Transporter, according to the novelisation of ''[[The War Games]]'') to the alien race known as the [[The War Games|War Lords]]. In the script for ''The Chase'', Dalek time machines are known as DARDISes.
In the spin-off media, Gallifreyan Battle TARDISes have appeared in the comic books, novels and audio plays, which fire "time torpedoes" that freeze the target in time. The renegade Time Lady [[Iris Wildthyme]]'s own TARDIS was disguised as a No. 22 [[Routemaster|London Bus]], but was slightly smaller on the inside than it is on the outside. The [[Eighth Doctor Adventures]] novels have stated that future model Type 102 TARDISes will be fully sentient, and able to take on humanoid form (''[[Alien Bodies]]''). The [[Eighth Doctor]]'s companion [[Compassion (Doctor Who)|Compassion]] was the first Type 102 TARDIS (''[[The Shadows of Avalon]]''), and she was seen to have enough [[firepower]] to annihilate other TARDISes (''[[The Ancestor Cell]]''). The [[Shalka Doctor|"unofficial" Ninth Doctor]] from the 40th anniversary animated webcast ''[[Scream of the Shalka]]'' had a TARDIS console room that looked similar to the Eighth Doctor's steampunk version.
In the Big Finish audio play ''[[The One Doctor]]'', [[confidence trickster]] [[Banto Zame]] impersonated the Doctor. However, due to incomplete information, his copy of the TARDIS (a short range [[teleportation|transporter]]) was called a Stardis instead, resembled a [[Port-a-john|portaloo]] rather than a police box, and was not dimensionally transcendental. In ''[[Unregenerate!]]'', the [[Seventh Doctor]] and [[Melanie Bush|Mel]] stopped a secret Time Lord project to download TARDIS minds into bodies of various alien species. This would have created living TARDIS pilots loyal to the Time Lords and ensuring that they would have ultimate control over any use of time travel technology by other races. Those created before the project was shut down departed on their own to explore the universe.
Since the destruction of Gallifrey and the Time Lords as stated in the 2005 series, the Doctor believes that his TARDIS is the last in the universe ("[[Rise of the Cybermen]]", 2006). The removal of Gallifrey — and by implication the Eye of Harmony — may also be why the TARDIS in "Boom Town" needed to refuel using radiation from a space-time rift. In "Rise of the Cybermen" the Doctor also states that the TARDIS draws power from "the universe", but is unable to do so while in an alternate reality.
The [[28 October]] [[2006]] ''[[Radio Times]]'', in an image of the [[Torchwood Institute#Torchwood Three, Cardiff|Torchwood Three]] headquarters, identified [[List of Torchwood items#T|a piece]] of large [[coral]] on [[Captain Jack Harkness]]'s desk as the beginnings of a TARDIS. [[John Barrowman]], who plays Jack in ''[[Torchwood]]'' and ''[[Doctor Who]]'' confirmed that "Jack's growing a TARDIS... It's probably been there for 30 years. I suppose in 500 years he'll be able to begin the carving process".
==Other appearances==
===Spin-offs===
*The Doctor's TARDIS has appeared in the ''[[Torchwood]]'' episode "[[End of Days (Torchwood)|End of Days]]". Because Torchwood is situated near a rift of temperal energy, the [[Doctor (Doctor Who)|Doctor]] often appears near it to recharge the TARDIS. In the episode, [[Jack Harkness]] hears the tell-tale sound of the engines, smiles and afterwards is nowhere to be found.
*[[Sarah Jane Smith]] has a diagram of the TARDIS in her attic, as shown in ''[[The Sarah Jane Adventures]]'' pilot episode, "[[Invasion of the Bane]]".
===Merchandising===
As one of the most recognisable images connected with ''Doctor Who'', the TARDIS has appeared on numerous items of merchandise associated with the programme. TARDIS scale models of various sizes have been manufactured to accompany other ''Doctor Who'' dolls and action figures, some with sound effects included. Fan-built full-size models of the police box are also common. There have been TARDIS-shaped video games, play tents for children, toy boxes, cookie jars, book ends, key chains, and even a police-box-shaped bottle for a TARDIS bubble bath. The 1993 [[VHS]] release of ''The Trial of a Time Lord'' was contained in a special edition tin shaped like the TARDIS.
With the 2005 series revival, a TARDIS-shaped DVD/CD cabinet, standing 22 inches (55 cm) tall with adjustable shelves, was made by Cod Steaks Ltd, a [[Bristol]]-based model-making company. Other TARDIS-related merchandise announced in conjunction with the new series included a TARDIS coin box and a TARDIS that detects the ring signal from a mobile phone and flashes when an incoming call is detected, a TARDIS "Zipperdrobe" (wardobe made of fabric), as well as a children's book (the ''TARDIS Manual'') which contained information on the ship and a pop-out-and-make cardboard model. The complete 2005 season DVD box set released in November 2005 resembles a TARDIS. Firebox, a UK based manufacturer of [[computer]] [[peripherals]] have made a 4-port [[USB Hub]] shaped like a TARDIS.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Doctor Who Tardis 4-Way USB Hub
| publisher = Firebox.com
| url = http://www.firebox.com/index.html?dir=firebox&action=product&pid=1713
| accessdate = 2007-01-31 }}</ref>
A model TARDIS, used in the television series' production in the 1970s, sold at auction in December 2005 for [[Pound sterling|£]]10,800.<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4529332.stm
| title=Miniature Tardis sells at auction
| publisher=BBC News
| date=[[2005-12-15]]
| accessdate=2006-04-19
}}</ref>
However, Bi Sheng's fragile clay types were not practical for large-scale printing.<ref>Sohn, Pow-Key, "Early Korean Printing," ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'', Vol. 79, No. 2 (Apr.-Jun., 1959), pp.96-103 (100)</ref> The government official [[Wang Zhen (official)|Wang Zhen]] (fl. [[1290]]-[[1333]] AD) improved Bi Sheng's fragile clay types by creating movable types out of wood, as his process increased the speed of typesetting as well. Afterwards, metal movable type printing was developed in China and Korea.
===Popular culture===
The TARDIS has frequently appeared or been referred to in popular culture outside of ''Doctor Who''. The TARDIS has also appeared in many [[Doctor Who spoofs|''Doctor Who'' spoofs and parodies]] over the years.
==See Also==
*When answering children's questions on an episode of the BBC television programme ''[[Blue Peter]]'' in October 2006, British [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Tony Blair]] compared the interior of his official residence at [[10 Downing Street]] to the TARDIS when asked if it was larger on the inside than it looked from the street. "Yes, I mean a lot bigger, we call it like the Tardis."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5401250.stm|title=No 10 'like Tardis', says Blair|publisher=[[BBC News Online]]|date=[[2006-10-03]]|accessdate=2006-10-03}}</ref>
*[[History of typography in East Asia]]
*[[Woodblock printing]]
*In the [[Computer role-playing game|PC game]] [[Fallout (computer game)|Fallout]], the TARDIS is featured in an [[Easter egg (virtual)|Easter Egg]], where it appears in a desolated piece of desert and disappears when approached.<ref>{{cite web
*[[Johannes Gutenberg]]
| last = Meltzer
*[[Printing press]]
| first = Steve
*[[Hua Sui]]
| year = April, 2002
| url = http://www.quandaryland.com/jsp/dispArticle.jsp?index=619
| title = Fallout Walkthrough
| publisher = Quandary Computer Game Reviews
| accessdate = 2006-04-19
}}</ref> The [[MMORPG]] ''[[Asheron's Call]]'' uses the TARDIS in a similar manner.<ref>{{cite web
| last = "Maggie the Jackcat"
| url = http://www.thejackcat.com/AC/Odds'nEnds/tardis.htm
| title = TARDIS
| work = Maggie the Jackcat's Fabulous AC Guide
| accessdate = 2006-04-19
}}</ref>
*At [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] radio stations, a "Tardis Booth" refers to a small studio where an interviewee or reporter may participate in a radio programme in another city or timezone. It is so-called because it "'transports you' to wherever the interview is."<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://imaginingaustralia.blogs.com/photos/launch/andrewpetetardisbooth.html
|title = Launch Photos July 2004 — Tardis Booth 1
|publisher = Imaginingaustralia.blogs.com
|accessdate = 2006-09-05
}}</ref>
*Since 1986, all [[Sun Microsystems|Sun]] [[UNIX]] workstations at the Department of [[Information Technology]] and [[Electrical Engineering]] of the [[ETH Zurich]] have been called "Tardis".<ref>{{cite web
| last = Oetiker
| first = Manuel
| year = [[2005-12-19]]
| url = http://computing.ee.ethz.ch/os/unix/tardis.en.html
| title = All about TARDIS
| publisher = ETH Zurich, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering
| accessdate = 2006-04-19
}}</ref>
*The ''Tardis Project'' is a student-run [[UNIX]] computing facility established in 1987 in the Computer Science department (now [[University of Edinburgh School of Informatics|Informatics]]) of the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.tardis.ed.ac.uk
|title = The University of Edinburgh Tardis Project
|publisher = School of Infomatics, University of Edinburgh
|accessdate = 2006-08-06
}}</ref> The name was chosen because the project's first computer was a GEC-63, a [[minicomputer]] housed in a large blue cabinet resembling the TARDIS.
*TARDIS is also the name of two separate types of [[radar]] interfaces: one for airports which is an acronym for "Terminal Automated Radar Display and Information System"<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://www.senate.gov/~schumer/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR00087.html
| title=Schumer Releases FAA Evaluation of Stewart Airport
| publisher=Senator Schumer Website: Press Room
| date=[[1999-11-29]]
| accessdate=2006-06-21
}}</ref> and one for the [[Panavia Tornado]] fighter aircraft, an acronym for "Tornado Advanced Radar Display Information System".<ref>{{cite news
| url=http://www.baesystems.com/newsroom/2004/feb/090204news1.htm
| title=BAE Systems Receives $70 Million Contract for Radar Map Display Subsystem on UK Tornado Aircraft
| publisher=BAESYSTEMS.com
| date=[[2004-02-09]]
| accessdate=2006-06-21
}}</ref> Whether the acronyms were influenced by ''Doctor Who'' is not known.
*Tardis Environmental Ltd., primarily a supplier of [[portable toilet]]s in the [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], is named after the TARDIS. Their company logo is an orange police box and their company slogan is: ''"Just what the Doctor ordered"''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tardishire.co.uk/portable_toilet_hire.htm |title=Tardis Environmental UK: Tardis Portable Toilet Hire |accessdate=2007-01-21}}</ref> A 'Turdis' is apparently a UK industry-wide [[nickname]] for a single re-circulating [[chemical toilet]] unit on account of its resemblance to the Doctor's time machine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.partyoffers.co.uk/articles/portable_toilet_hire_for_the_uk_event_industry.html |title=Portable Toilet Hire For The UK Event Industry |accessdate=2007-01-21 |last=Stebbings |first=Jon |year=2006 |work=Party Offers}}</ref>
*The webcomic ''[[Schlock Mercenary]]'' has a story arc where Captain Tagon, Elf Foxworthy and Sgt Schlock are inserted into the target zone via a blue teraport cage which looks like a police phone box.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.schlockmercenary.com/d/20041007.html |title=Schlock Mercenary |accessdate=2007-03-12 |last=Tayler |first=Howard |date=[[2004-10-07]]}}</ref>
*Electronic music group [[The KLF]], calling themselves "The Timelords," recorded a novelty song called "[[Doctorin' the Tardis]]" using the [[Doctor Who theme music]] and a versions of [[Gary Glitter]]'s "[[Rock and Roll (Part Two)]]" and [[Sweet (band)|Sweet]]'s "Blockbuster." The song went to the top of the English charts, and The KLF later wrote a book about the ordeal, ''[[The Manual (How to Have a Number One the Easy Way)]]''.
*Musicians [[The Cinematic Orchestra]] make mention of a Tardis in their track "All Things to All Men" (featuring [[Roots Manuva]]) from their 2002 album ''[[Every Day]]'' in the chorus section "...Just say when/and I'll take you to my Tardis/Who's the hardest?/Who's the hardest?".
* At Burgmann College, a residential college affiliated with the [[Australian National University]], each study bedroom has a cupboard with sink called a TARDIS.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Burgmann College Study Bedrooms
| work =
| publisher =
| date =
| url = http://www.anu.edu.au/res/burgmann/prospective_residents/rooms/
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| accessdate = }}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Creative geography]]
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
<div class="references-small">
*{{cite book | last = Harris | first = Mark | title = The Doctor Who Technical Manual | publisher = [[Random House]] | date = 1983 | ___location = [[United Kingdom|UK]] | id = ISBN 0-394-86214-7}}
*{{cite book | last = Nathan-Turner | first = John | authorlink = John Nathan-Turner | title = The TARDIS Inside Out | publisher = Picadilly Press, Ltd | date = 1985 | ___location = [[United Kingdom|UK]] | id = ISBN 0-394-87415-3}}
*{{cite book | last = Howe | first = David J. | authorlink = David J. Howe | coauthors = [[Stephen James Walker]] | title = The First Doctor Handbook | publisher = [[Virgin Books|Virgin Publishing]] | date = 1994 | ___location = [[London]] | id = ISBN 0-426-20430-1}}
*{{cite book | last = Howe | first = David J. | authorlink = David J. Howe | coauthors = [[Stephen James Walker]] | title = The Television Companion: The Unofficial and Unauthorised Guide to Doctor Who | publisher = [[Telos Publishing Ltd.]] | date = 2003 | ___location = [[United Kingdom|UK]] | id = ISBN 1-903889-51-0}}
*{{cite book | last = Howe | first = David J. | authorlink = David J. Howe | coauthors = Arnold T. Blumberg | title = Howe's Transcendental Toybox: The Unauthorised Guide to Doctor Who Collectibles |publisher = [[Telos Publishing Ltd.]] | date = 2003 | ___location = [[United Kingdom|UK]] | id = ISBN 1-903889-56-1}}
</div>
==External links==
{{wiktionary|tardis}}
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/characters/tardis.shtml The TARDIS on the official BBC ''Doctor Who'' website]
*[[Wikia:tardis:TARDIS]] at the [[Wikia:tardis:Main Page|Tardis Index File]]
*[http://homepages.paradise.net.nz/~trekker/policeboxes/props.html The TARDIS Library] - A guide to the history of TARDIS props by Anthony Sibley
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/making/360/index.shtml TARDIS 360° Views] - virtual views of the 2005 series TARDIS console room
*[http://homepages.bw.edu/~jcurtis/Z1R0_2.htm Doctor Who Collectibles: An Annotated Bibliography]
*[http://www.policeboxes.com Policeboxes.com] - a catalogue of model police boxes
*[http://www.radiotimes.com/content/features/galleries/doctorwhocovers/18/ Doctor Who ''Radio Times'' covers] - some showing the TARDIS (and ''"inside the Tardis"'')
*[http://www.the-tardis.com The TARDIS] - Home of the TARDIS Scanner
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