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[[Image:Superbowl Trophy Crop.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|The winning Super Bowl team receives the [[Vince Lombardi Trophy]].]]
In professional [[American football]], the '''Super Bowl''' is the [[championship]] game of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). The game and its ancillary festivities constitute '''Super Bowl Sunday''', which over the years has become likened to an unofficial U.S. [[national holiday]].
==History==
The Super Bowl was first played [[January 15]] [[1967]] as part of an [[AFL-NFL Merger|agreement]] between the NFL and its younger rival, the [[American Football League]] (AFL) in which each league's championship team would play each other in an "'''AFL-NFL World Championship Game'''". After the leagues [[AFL-NFL Merger|merged]] in 1970, the Super Bowl became the NFL's championship game. Since then, the game has been played annually on a Sunday as the final game of the [[NFL playoffs|the playoffs]], originally early to mid-January when there was a 14 game schedule, but late January or even the first Sunday in February as the current 16 game schedule dictates (a 17th bye-week has been added for TV exposure).
The Super Bowl is usually the most-watched U.S. [[television]] broadcast of the year, attracting many companies to spend millions of dollars on [[television commercial|commercial]]s. This has caused the starting time of the game to be pushed back later and later, to ensure the Sunday night [[prime time]] audience on the East Coast. The last true day game (which ended before local sunset) of the series was [[Super Bowl XI]] in January [[1977]].
In addition, many popular singers and musicians have performed during the Super Bowl's pre-game and [[Super Bowl Halftime Shows|halftime]] ceremonies. This is the second-largest U.S. food consumption day, following [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]].<ref name="USDA">{{cite web | url=http://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_Events/NR_012706_01/index.asp | publisher=[[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] | title=USDA Offers Food Safety Advice for Your Super Bowl Party | accessdate=2007-01-10}}</ref>
The Super Bowl uses [[Roman numerals]] to identify each game, rather than the year it was held. The NFL season extends beyond New Year's Eve, so identifying the games by the year of the Super Bowl could cause some confusion. For example, the [[Indianapolis Colts]], winners of [[Super Bowl XLI]] are the champions of the [[2006 NFL season|2006 season]], even though the championship game was played in February 2007.
==Origins==
The Super Bowl was created as part of the [[AFL-NFL Merger|merger agreement]] between the [[National Football League]] (NFL) and its rival, the [[American Football League]] (AFL). After its inception in 1920, the NFL fended off several rival leagues before the AFL began play in 1960. The intense competitive war for players and fans led to serious merger talks between the two leagues in 1966, culminating in a merger announcement on [[June 8]], [[1966]].
One of the conditions of the [[AFL-NFL Merger]] was that the winners of each league's championship game would meet in a contest to determine the "world champion of football". According to [[NFL Films]] President [[Steve Sabol]], then NFL Commissioner [[Pete Rozelle]] wanted to call the game "The Big One".<ref name="big one">{{cite web|url=http://www.heralddemocrat.com/articles/2007/02/06/commentary/comm01.txt|title='The Big One' back again|last=Southerland|first=Edward|publisher=The Herald Democrat|date=[[2007-02-06]]|accessdate=2007-02-07}}</ref> During the discussions to iron out the details, AFL founder and [[Kansas City Chiefs]] owner [[Lamar Hunt]] had jokingly referred to the proposed interleague championship as the "Super Bowl." Hunt thought of the name after seeing his kids playing with a toy called a [[Super Ball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/bears/chi-0701300052jan30,1,233400.story?track=rss&ctrack=1&cset=true|title=Legends of the Bowl|accessdate=2007-01-31|author=Rex W. Huppke|date=[[2007-01-30]]|format=html|publisher=[[Chicago Tribune]]|quote=Lamar Hunt, who died in December, coined the term Super Bowl in the late 1960s after watching his kids play with a Super Ball, the bouncy creation of iconic toy manufacturer Wham-O.}}</ref> The ball is now on display at the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] in [[Canton, Ohio]]. The name was consistent with postseason [[college football]] games which had long been known as "[[bowl game]]s" (the term originates from the [[Rose Bowl Game]], which was in turn named for the [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|bowl-shaped stadium]] in which it is played). Hunt only meant his suggested name to be a stopgap until a better one could be found.
After the NFL's [[Green Bay Packers]] convincingly won the first two Super Bowls, some team owners feared for the future of the merger, since many doubted that AFL teams could compete with their NFL counterparts. That all changed with one of the biggest upsets in sports history, the AFL's [[New York Jets]] defeat of the [[Baltimore Colts]] in [[Super Bowl III]] in Miami. One year later, the AFL's [[Kansas City Chiefs]] defeated the NFL [[Minnesota Vikings]] 23-7 and won [[Super Bowl IV]] in New Orleans, the last World Championship game played between the champions of the two leagues.
When the NFL and AFL merged into one combined league for the [[1970 NFL season|1970 season]], three NFL teams joined the 10 AFL teams to form the [[American Football Conference]] (AFC): the Baltimore (now Indianapolis) Colts, the original Cleveland Browns (now Baltimore Ravens), and the Pittsburgh Steelers. The other 13 teams became the [[National Football Conference]] (NFC). Since then, the Super Bowl has featured the champions of the AFC and NFC, which are determined each season by the league's [[NFL playoffs|playoff tournament]]. As of [[Super Bowl XLI]], former AFL teams have won 12 Super Bowls, pre-1970 NFL teams have won 28, and one game was won by a team created after 1970 (Tampa Bay in [[Super Bowl XXXVII]]).
The NFL commissioner at that time, [[Pete Rozelle]], is often considered the mastermind of both the merger and the Super Bowl. His leadership guided them into the merger agreement and cemented the preeminence of the Super Bowl. The game remains his crowning achievement and was an important factor in him being selected by [[Time Magazine]] as one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century.
The winning team gets the [[Vince Lombardi Trophy]], named for the coach of the [[Green Bay Packers]], who won the first two Super Bowl games and 3 of the 5 preceding NFL Championships (1961-62, 1965)<ref>[[History of NFL Championships|NFL championships]]</ref>. Following his death in September [[1970]], the trophy was named the Vince Lombardi Trophy, first awarded at [[Super Bowl V]] in Miami.
==Television coverage==
By any measure, the Super Bowl is one of the most watched television programs of the year in the U.S. The game tends to have high [[Nielsen Ratings|Nielsen television ratings]] which usually come in around a 40 rating and 60 share (''i.e.,'' on average, 40 percent of all U.S. households, and 60 percent of all homes tuned into television during the game). This means that on average, 80 to 90 million [[United States|Americans]] are tuned into the Super Bowl at any given moment. It is also estimated that 130-140 million tune into some part of the game.<ref name="msnbc">{{cite web | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11205332/ | title = Super Bowl 2nd-most watched show ever | date = [[2006-02-07]] | accessdate = 2007-01-15 | publisher = MSNBC.com | author = Associated Press }}</ref> NFL press releases have stated that recent Super Bowls have been available to ''potential'' audiences of approximately one billion worldwide, although independent studies suggest that the average global viewership is just over 100 million – the vast majority of whom are U.S. viewers <ref name="si_rushin">{{cite web | url = http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/writers/steve_rushin/02/03/rushin0206/ | title = A Billion People ''Can'' Be Wrong | date = [[2006-02-06]] | accessdate = 2007-01-15 | publisher = Sports Illustrated | last = Rushin | first = Steve }}</ref> (as compared to the estimated 715.1 million people who watched the final match of the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]]).
Given the immense popularity of the Super Bowl, it may be surprising to discover that videotapes of the telecasts of the first two Super Bowls are not known to exist. This is especially shocking for Super Bowl I, which was covered by both [[NBC]] and [[CBS]]. According to [[Sports Illustrated]], the only footage of the first telecast known to exist is a two minute clip of the first game. From the early days of television into the 1960s, copies of TV broadcasts were routinely erased, known as [[wiping]], mainly because nobody thought anyone would want to watch the same show they had just seen. Another reason was that videotape in those days was prohibitively expensive.
The highest rated game according to Nielsen was [[Super Bowl XVI]] in 1982 which was watched in 49.1% of households (73 share) or 40,020,000 households at the time. Super Bowl XVI is #4 on Nielsen's list of top-rated programs of all time, and 3 other Super Bowls (XII, XVII, XX) made the top 10.<ref name="top-rated">{{cite web | url = http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/recording/tv-toprated.html | title = Television's Top-Rated Programs | date = [[2000-04-30]] | accessdate = 2007-01-15 | publisher = Nielsen Media Research }}</ref> Although the proliferation of cable and satellite television has undercut broadcast ratings somewhat in recent years, the game is still so popular that a number of networks actually schedule [[Counterprogramming|original programming]], such as independently produced halftime entertainment, during the game, simply to take advantage of a large audience already in front of the television.
Following [[Apple Computer]]'s [[1984 (television commercial)|1984 commercial]] introducing the [[Apple Macintosh]] computer, directed by [[Ridley Scott]], the broadcast of the Super Bowl became the premier showcase for [[high concept]] or simply extravagantly expensive commercials. Famous commercial campaigns include the [[Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch)|Budweiser]] "Bud Bowl" campaign, and the 1999 and 2000 [[dot-com]] ads. Prices have increased each year, with reports citing a record [[United States dollar|US $]]2.6 million for a 30 second spot during [[Super Bowl XLI]] in 2007. <ref name="super_bowl_ad_figures">{{cite web | url = http://www.sptimes.com/2007/01/05/Business/Super_bowl_XLI_ads_wi.shtml | title = Super bowl XLI ads will cost a record $2.6M | date = [[2007-01-05]] | accessdate = 2007-05-24 | publisher = St. Petersburg (Florida) Times }}</ref> Many people tune in to the Super Bowl solely to watch [[Advertising in the Super Bowl|the creative commercials.]]
==Entertainment==
Earlier Super Bowls/NFL Championships featured halftime show consisting of marching bands from local colleges or high schools. But as the popularity of the game increased, so did the potential of exposure. This has led to trend where a number of popular singers and musicians have performed during its pre-game ceremonies, the [[halftime show]], or even just singing the national song of the United States, "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" (see [http://www.superbowl.com/features/entertainment/anthem-honorroll Super Bowl anthem performers]). [[Super Bowl XL]] in 2006 featured [[Stevie Wonder]], [[Joss Stone]], and [[John Legend]] during the pre-game ceremonies; [[Aaron Neville]], [[Aretha Franklin]], and [[Dr. John]] performed the Star Spangled Banner; and [[The Rolling Stones]] played during the halftime show. Unlike regular season or playoff games, one hour is allocated for the Super Bowl halftime.
During halftime show of [[Super Bowl XXXVIII]] in [[Houston]] in the year [[2004]], [[Justin Timberlake]] removed a piece of [[Janet Jackson]]'s top, exposing her right breast with a star-shaped ring around the nipple. Timberlake and Jackson have maintained that the incident was accidental, calling it a "wardrobe malfunction." To make matters worse<!-- (for who?) -->, the game was airing on [[CBS]], and [[MTV]] (at the time, a corporate sister company of CBS within [[Viacom]]), produced the halftime show. Immediately after that live (not tape-delayed) moment, the producer cut to a very wide-angle shot and the announcer said, "Thank you for watching the Super Bowl halftime show!" followed immediately by a commercial break. However, viewers with [[TiVo]] captured the moment in detail, and video captures circulated quickly on the Internet.
The NFL, embarrassed from the incident, permanently banned MTV from doing another halftime show in any capacity. This also led to the [[FCC]] tightening controls on [[indecency]] and fining CBS US$225,000 for the incident, as well as fining each of CBS's then twenty owned and operated stations. The following year, [[Paul McCartney]] gave an uncontroversial halftime performance for [[Super Bowl XXXIX]].
{{further|[[Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy]]}}
Except for [[Super Bowl XXXIX]], the famous [[I'm Going to Disney World!|"I'm Going to Disney World!"]] [[Advertising campaign]] took place at every Super Bowl since it started at [[Super Bowl XXI]]. Typically, Disney ran the ad several times during the game showing several players from both teams practicing the catch-phrase. The campaign has been restarted for [[Super Bowl XLI]].
==Venue==
[[Image:Ford Field Super Bowl XL night.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Looking towards Ford Field the night of Super Bowl XL.]]
The ___location of the Super Bowl is chosen by the NFL well in advance, usually 3 to 5 years before the game. Cities compete to host the game in a selection bidding process.
Over half of the Super Bowls have been played in one of three cities: [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] (nine times, six times at the [[Louisiana Superdome]] and three times at now-demolished [[Tulane Stadium]]), the [[South Florida metropolitan area|Greater Miami Area]] (eight total, five times at [[Miami]]'s [[Miami Orange Bowl|Orange Bowl]] and three times at [[Miami]]'s [[Dolphin Stadium]]), and the [[Greater Los Angeles Area]] (seven total, five times at [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]]'s [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl stadium]] and twice at the [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]]). [[Tampa, Florida]] has hosted the Super Bowl three times (twice at the now demolished [[Tampa Stadium]] and one time at [[Raymond James Stadium]]). Miami Gardens has been selected to host [[Super Bowl XLIV]] in 2010. Although [[Hurricane Katrina]] damaged the [[Louisiana Superdome]] and the city of New Orleans, it was renovated, and some city officials have stated that they would like to put in another bid sometime in the future. The last time the Los Angeles area hosted the game was [[Super Bowl XXVII]] in 1993; the area is currently not considered a possible venue after the league's two teams vacated the city in 1995: the [[Oakland Raiders|Raiders]] moved back to [[Oakland, California]], and the [[St. Louis Rams|Rams]] moved to [[St. Louis, Missouri]].
Coincidentally, no NFL team has ever played the Super Bowl on its own home turf. However, [[Super Bowl XIV]] (which involved the then-[[St. Louis Rams|Los Angeles Rams]]) was played at nearby Pasadena's Rose Bowl stadium; and [[Super Bowl XIX]] (which involved the [[San Francisco 49ers]]) was played at the nearby [[Stanford Stadium]] on the [[Stanford University]] campus near [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]]. Neither of these stadiums (both neutral sites) has ever been a home to an NFL team (though the 49ers played a home game at Stanford Stadium vs. the [[New England Patriots]] after the [[Loma Prieta earthquake]] postponed the World Series a week and forced the 49ers from [[Candlestick Park]].)
A potential venue currently must meet these qualifications in order to be a Super Bowl host:{{Fact|date=January 2007}}
*Average high temperature of at least 50 degrees Fahrenheit in February, unless the game is being played in an indoor arena.
*Stadium with 65,000 seats or more.
*Space for 10 photo trailers and 40 television trucks.
*600,000 square feet of exhibit space for fan events.
*Large, high-end hotel for teams and NFL.
*50,000 square feet of space for news media ("[[Radio Row#Super Bowl|Radio Row]]").
*Enough "quality" hotel rooms within a one-hour drive for 35% of the stadium's capacity.
*Separate practice facilities for each team.
Exceptions are at the discretion of the NFL. For instance, cruise ships made up the discrepancy in hotel rooms for [[Jacksonville, FL|Jacksonville]] in [[Super Bowl XXXIX]].
On [[March 5]] [[2006]], [[Arrowhead Stadium]] in [[Kansas City, Missouri]], a 'cold weather' city, was awarded the rights to host Super Bowl XLIX in [[2015]]. However, the game was contingent on the successful passage of two sales taxes in [[Jackson County, Missouri]] on [[April 4]] [[2006]]. The first tax would have funded improvements to Arrowhead, home of the Chiefs and the [[Kansas City Wizards]] [[Major League Soccer]] team, and neighboring [[Kauffman Stadium]], home of the [[Kansas City Royals]] [[Major League Baseball]] team. The second tax would have allowed the construction of a "rolling roof" between the two stadiums.<ref name="kcchiefs">{{cite web | url = http://www.kcchiefs.com/news/2006/01/24/chiefs_sign_new_lease_with_jackson_county_team_awaits_april_vote/ | title = Chiefs sign new lease with Jackson County, team awaits April vote | publisher = Kansas City Chiefs | accessdate = 2007-01-15 | date = [[2006-01-24]]}}</ref> However, the second tax failed to pass. With increased opposition by local business leaders and politicians, Kansas City eventually withdrew its request to host the game by [[May 25]] [[2006]].<ref name="espn">{{cite web | url = http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2458407 | title = No rolling roof, no Super Bowl at Arrowhead | publisher = ESPN.com | author = Associated Press | accessdate = 2007-01-15 | date = [[2006-05-25]]}}</ref>
The designated "[[home team]]" alternates between the NFC team in odd-numbered years (the [[Chicago Bears]] in [[Super Bowl XLI|2007]]), and the AFC team in even-numbered years (the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] in [[Super Bowl XL|2006]]). The home team is given the choice of either wearing their colored [[Jersey (clothing)|jerseys]] or their white ones; this started with [[Super Bowl XIII]]. Prior to that, the home team always wore the dark jerseys. While most home teams in the Super Bowl choose to wear their colored jerseys, only the Cowboys in [[Super Bowl XIII|XIII]] and [[Super Bowl XXVII|XXVII]], the [[Washington Redskins]] in [[Super Bowl XVII|XVII]], and the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] in [[Super Bowl XL]] have worn white as the home team. The Cowboys (since 1965) and Redskins (since the arrival of coach [[Joe Gibbs]] in 1981) have traditionally worn white at home. Meanwhile, the Steelers, who have always worn their black jerseys at home since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970, opted for the white jerseys after winning three consecutive playoff games on the road wearing white. The Steelers' decision was a mirror opposite of the [[New England Patriots]] in [[Super Bowl XX]]. The Patriots traditionally wore white jerseys at home during the [[1985 NFL season|1985]] season, but after winning playoff games on the road against the [[New York Jets]] and [[Miami Dolphins]] wearing their red jerseys, New England opted to wear red for the Super Bowl as the designated home team vs. the [[Chicago Bears]] and lost.
==Game history==
[[Image:Super bowl XI ticket and ring.jpg|thumb|250px|right|A [[Super Bowl ring]] and a ticket for [[Super Bowl XI]]. A Super Bowl ring is given to each member of the winning team to commemorate their Super Bowl victory.]]
[[Image:Stamp-ctc-first-super-bowl.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The first Super Bowl was played in 1967, as commemorated by this stamp issued in 1999 by the United States Postal Service featuring the ticket for that first game.]]
{{for|a list of Super Bowl games, champions, and appearances|List of Super Bowl champions}} This is largely because the NFL does not allow the team that wins the coin toss to defer their choice to the second half,{{Fact|date=February 2007}} as is the case in high school and college football, and the game is not, by design, played in the type of extreme conditions that would grant an advantage to choosing a side of the field to defend. Below is a chart of the coin tosses performed to date:<ref name="cointoss">{{cite web|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/story.jsp?story_id=1386 | title=Heads or tails: history of the Super Bowl coin toss | publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame | accessdate=2007-02-07}}</ref>
The NFC has won the coin toss nearly twice as often as the AFC. They have won the coin toss 27 times compared to 14 times for the AFC.
Statistically, there is little correlation between winning the toss and winning the Super Bowl. The record for the team winning the coin toss is 19-22, having been 17-13 after Super Bowl XXX. The team winning the toss has lost the game for the last four years and 9 times in the last 11 years.
===Conference domination by Super Bowl decade===
{| class="wikitable"
!Decade (Season-Season)!!Leader!!Conference & games won
|-
|[[1966 NFL season|1966]]-[[1975 NFL season|1975]]||[[American Football League|AFL]]/[[American Football Conference|AFC]], 7-3||AFL/AFC-[[Super Bowl III|III]], [[Super Bowl IV|IV]], [[Super Bowl V|V]], [[Super Bowl VII|VII]], [[Super Bowl VIII|VIII]], [[Super Bowl IX|IX]] and [[Super Bowl X|X]]. [[National Football League|NFL]]/[[National Football Conference|NFC]] [[Super Bowl I|I]], [[Super Bowl II|II]] and [[Super Bowl VI|VI]].
|-
|[[1976 NFL season|1976]]-[[1985 NFL season|1985]]||tied, 5-5||AFC-[[Super Bowl XI|XI]], [[Super Bowl XIII|XIII]], [[Super Bowl XIV|XIV]], [[Super Bowl XV|XV]] and [[Super Bowl XVIII|XVIII]]. NFC-[[Super Bowl XII|XII]], [[Super Bowl XVI|XVI]], [[Super Bowl XVII|XVII]], [[Super Bowl XIX|XIX]] and [[Super Bowl XX|XX]].
|-
|[[1986 NFL season|1986]]-[[1995 NFL season|1995]]||NFC, 10-0||NFC-[[Super Bowl XXI|XXI]], [[Super Bowl XXII|XXII]], [[Super Bowl XXIII|XXIII]], [[Super Bowl XXIV|XXIV]], [[Super Bowl XXV|XXV]], [[Super Bowl XXVI|XXVI]], [[Super Bowl XXVII|XXVII]], [[Super Bowl XXVIII|XXVIII]], [[Super Bowl XXIX|XXIX]] and [[Super Bowl XXX|XXX]].
|-
|[[1996 NFL season|1996]]-[[2005 NFL season|2005]]||AFC, 7-3||AFC-[[Super Bowl XXXII|XXXII]], [[Super Bowl XXXIII|XXXIII]], [[Super Bowl XXXV|XXXV]], [[Super Bowl XXXVI|XXXVI]], [[Super Bowl XXXVIII|XXXVIII]], [[Super Bowl XXXIX|XXXIX]] and [[Super Bowl XL|XL]]. NFC-[[Super Bowl XXXI|XXXI]], [[Super Bowl XXXIV|XXXIV]] and [[Super Bowl XXXVII|XXXVII]].
|-
|[[2006 NFL season|2006]]-now||AFC, 1-0||AFC-[[Super Bowl XLI|XLI]]
|}
===Past Trends===
In the history of the Super Bowl, the following have never occurred:
*Two [[wild card (sports)|wild card]] teams meeting. Eight wild card teams (since the 1970 merger) have won conference titles, but seven of the eight have come from the same conference (the AFC). The [[1975 NFL season|1975]] [[Dallas Cowboys]] remain the lone NFC wild card team to win a conference title.
*An overtime game. The closest instances to overtime play were in [[Super Bowl V]] ([[Indianapolis Colts|Baltimore]]'s Jim O'Brien's winning field goal with :05 left, breaking a 13-13 tie), [[Super Bowl XXXIV]] ([[Tennessee Titans|Tennessee]]'s Kevin Dyson stopped one yard short of a tying touchdown as time expired), [[Super Bowl XXXVI]] ([[New England Patriots|New England]]'s Adam Vinatieri's winning field goal as time expired, breaking a 17-17 tie), and [[Super Bowl XXXVIII]] (another game-winning field goal for New England by Vinatieri with :04 left, breaking a 29-29 tie).
*A [[shutout]]. [[Super Bowl VII]] with Miami Dolphins kicker [[Garo Yepremian]]'s failed field goal attempt is perhaps the most dramatic example of a near shutout (the Washington Redskins scored their only points on that play, with 2:07 remaining in the game). The lowest number of points scored in a Super Bowl is 3, put up by those same Dolphins in the previous year's Super Bowl, [[Super Bowl VI]].
*A punt returned for a touchdown.
*A team playing a Super Bowl on their own home field. (Though [[Super Bowl XIV]] was played at the [[Rose Bowl (stadium)|Rose Bowl]] in [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]] near the Rams' then-home of Los Angeles and [[Super Bowl XIX]] was played at Stanford Stadium which is a short distance from the 49ers' home stadium, [[Candlestick Park]].)
==NFL trademark issues==
The NFL is vigilant on stopping unauthorized commercial use of its [[trademark]]ed terms "NFL," "Super Bowl," or "Super Sunday"; as a result, many events and promotions timed to the game but not sanctioned by the NFL are forced to refer to it as "the [[Big Game]]," or with other generic descriptions.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.hollywoodreporteresq.com/thresq/ip/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003538980 | accessdate = 2007-02-04 | last = Gardner | first = Eriq | date = [[2007-01-29]] | work = The Hollywood Reporter, Esq.|title=Super Bowl, Super Trademarks: Protecting the NFL's IP}}</ref>
==TV networks to cover Super Bowl==
future games in italics
{| class="wikitable"
! Network !! Super Bowls broadcast
|-
|[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]||XIX, XXII, XXV, XXIX, XXXIV, XXXVII, XL
|-
|[[CBS]]||I*, II, IV, VI, VIII, X, XII, XIV, XVI, XVIII, XXI, XXIV, XXVI, XXXV, XXXVIII, XLI, ''[[Super Bowl XLIV|XLIV]]''
|-
|[[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]||XXXI, XXXIII, XXXVI, XXXIX, ''[[Super Bowl XLII|XLII]]'', ''[[Super Bowl XLV|XLV]]''
|-
|[[NBC]]||I*, III, V, VII, IX, XI, XIII, XV, XVII, XX, XXIII, XXVII, XXVIII, XXX, XXXII, ''[[Super Bowl XLIII|XLIII]]''
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> CBS and NBC simultaneous broadcast
==Stadiums to host both a Super Bowl and a World Series==
future games in italics
{| class="wikitable"
! Stadium !! Location !! Super Bowls hosted !! World Series hosted
|-
|[[Dolphin Stadium]]||[[Miami Gardens]], [[Florida]]||XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI, ''XLIV''||[[1997 World Series|1997]], [[2003 World Series|2003]]
|-
|[[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum|L.A. Coliseum]]||[[Los Angeles]]||I, VII||[[1959 World Series|1959]]
|-
|[[Qualcomm Stadium]]||[[San Diego, California|San Diego]]||XXII, XXXII, XXXVII||[[1984 World Series|1984]], [[1998 World Series|1998]]
|-
|[[Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome]]||[[Minneapolis]]||XXVI||[[1987 World Series|1987]], [[1991 World Series|1991]]
|}
Of the above-mentioned ballparks, only Qualcomm Stadium hosted both events in the same calendar year (1998)
==Stadiums to host Super Bowl==
In order of first time hosted
future games in italics
{| class="wikitable"
! Stadium !! Location !! Super Bowls hosted
|-
|Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum||Los Angeles||I, VII
|-
|[[Orange Bowl Stadium]]||[[Miami, Florida|Miami]]||II, III, V, X, XIII
|-
|[[Tulane Stadium]]||[[New Orleans]]||IV, VI, IX
|-
|[[Rice Stadium]]||[[Houston, Texas|Houston]]||VIII
|-
|[[Rose Bowl Stadium]]||[[Pasadena, California]]||XI, XIV, XVII, XXI, XXVII
|-
|[[Louisiana Superdome]]||[[New Orleans]]||XII, XV, XX, XXIV, XXXI, XXXVI
|-
|[[Pontiac Silverdome]]||[[Pontiac, Michigan]]||XVI
|-
|[[Tampa Stadium]]||[[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]]||XVIII, XXV
|-
|[[Stanford Stadium]]||[[Stanford, California]]||XIX
|-
|Qualcomm Stadium||San Diego||XXII, XXXII, XXXVII
|-
|Dolphin Stadium||Miami Gardens, Florida||XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI, ''XLIV''
|-
|Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome||Minneapolis||XXVI
|-
|[[Georgia Dome]]||[[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]]||XXVIII, XXXIV
|-
|[[Sun Devil Stadium]]||[[Tempe, Arizona]]||XXX
|-
|[[Raymond James Stadium]]||Tampa||XXXV, ''XLIII''
|-
|[[Reliant Stadium]]||Houston||XXXVIII
|-
|[[Jacksonville Municipal Stadium|AllTel Stadium]]||[[Jacksonville, Florida]]||XXXIX
|-
|[[Ford Field]]||[[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]||XL
|-
|''[[University of Phoenix Stadium]]''||''[[Glendale, Arizona]]''||''XLII''
|-
|''[[Dallas Cowboys New Stadium]]''||''[[Arlington, Texas]]''||''XLV''
|}
==Trivia==
{{Trivia|date=June 2007}}
*Despite winning just five Super Bowls, the [[Dallas Cowboys]] actually have seven [[Super Bowl MVP]]s all-time so far; one MVP from a Super Bowl loss and one victory which featured two co-MVPs. Because of this, the [[Indianapolis Colts|Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts]] have only one MVP despite winning both [[Super Bowl V]] and [[Super Bowl XLI]].
*In 6 of the last 7 Super Bowls, the team that won the coin toss went on to lose the game.
*The Raiders (Oakland & Los Angeles) and Colts (Baltimore & Indianapolis) are the only teams to win Super Bowls for 2 cities.
*Currently, twelve defending Super Bowl champions have failed to make the playoffs: The [[1968 NFL season|1968]] [[Green Bay Packers|Packers]], [[1970 NFL season|1970]] [[Kansas City Chiefs|Chiefs]], [[1980 NFL season|1980]] and [[2006 NFL season|2006]] [[Pittsburgh Steelers|Steelers]], [[1981 NFL season|1981]] [[Oakland Raiders|Raiders]], [[1982 NFL season|1982]] [[San Francisco 49ers|49ers]], [[1987 NFL season|1987]] and [[1991 NFL season|1991]] [[New York Giants|Giants]], [[1988 NFL season|1988]] [[Washington Redskins|Redskins]], [[1999 NFL season|1999]] [[Denver Broncos|Broncos]], [[2002 NFL season|2002]] [[New England Patriots|Patriots]] and [[2003 NFL season|2003]] [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers|Buccaneers]].
*No team has won three straight Super Bowls. The following teams are the only ones to win two back-to-back: Green Bay (I, II), Miami (VII, VIII), Pittsburgh twice (IX, X) and (XIII, XIV), San Francisco (XXIII, XXIV), Dallas (XXVII, XXVIII), Denver (XXXII, XXXIII), and New England (XXXVIII, XXXIX). Of these teams, none have played in the Super Bowl the following year to even attempt the three-peat.
*The best short term Super Bowl run has been 4 out of 6 years, by Pittsburgh ([[1974 NFL season|1974]]-[[1979 NFL season|79]]> IX, X, XIII, XIV). Dallas ([[1992 NFL season|1992]]-[[1995 NFL season|95]]> XXVII, XXVIII, XXX), and New England ([[2001 NFL season|2001]]-[[2004 NFL season|04]]> XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX) have won 3 out of 4.
*Finishing second: The [[Buffalo Bills]] played in 4 straight Super Bowls (XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII), losing them all. The [[Minnesota Vikings]] also lost 4 times, but not consecutively (IV, VIII, IX, XI).
*Teams scoring first are currently 26-15 (.634); 14-7 with a touchdown, 11-8 with a field goal and 1-0 with a [[Safety (football score)|safety]].
*Teams scoring the game's first touchdown are currently 30-11 (.732); teams scoring the game's first field goal, 21-18 (.538).
*Teams scoring 30 points or more are currently 21-1 (.955) {17-0 since [[1979 NFL season|1979]]}; teams scoring fewer than 20 points are currently 4-31 (.114) {0-22 since [[1975 NFL season|1975]]}. Additionally, teams scoring 32 points or more are undefeated (18-0) and teams scoring fewer than 14 points are winless (0-17).
*Field goals have been attempted in every Super Bowl to date, and converted in all but two: VII and IX. In VII Miami and Washington were both 0 for 1, as were both Pittsburgh and Minnesota in IX (not counting an additional Pittsburgh attempt aborted by a fumbled snap).
*To date, there have been at least two touchdowns scored in every Super Bowl.
*Only two [[AFL-NFL merger|post-merger]] expansion teams have failed to win a conference title: the [[Houston Texans]] and [[Jacksonville Jaguars]]. The [[1999 NFL season|1999]] expansion [[Cleveland Browns]] are a continuation of the original franchise.
==See also==
*[[List of Super Bowl champions]]
*[[Super Bowl MVP]]
*[[National Football League championships]]
*[[List of quarterbacks with multiple Super Bowl wins]]
*[[Super Bowl records]]
*[[Advertising in the Super Bowl]]
*[[Super Bowl Halftime Shows]]
*[[Super Bowl ring]]
*[[National Football League lore]]
*[[List of NFL franchise post-season droughts]]
*[[Grey Cup]] - [[Canadian Football League]]
*[[List of sporting events]]
==Footnotes==
<div class="references-small">
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==References==
*{{cite book | title=2006 NFL Record and Fact Book | publisher=Time Inc. Home Entertainment | id=ISBN 1-933405-32-5}}
*{{cite book | title=Total Football II: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League | publisher=[[Harper Collins]] | id=ISBN 1-933405-32-5}}
*{{cite book | title=The Sporting News Complete Super Bowl Book 1995 | id=ISBN 0-89204-523-X}}
*{{cite book | title=The Super Bowl: An Official Retrospective with DVD | publisher=Ballantine Books | date=2005 | id=ISBN 0-345-48719-2}}
*{{cite book | last=MacCambridge | first=Michael | title=America's Game | publisher=Random House | date=2004 | id=ISBN 0-375-50454-0}}
*Chris Jones ([[2 February]] [[2005]]). "NFL tightens restrictions on Super Bowl advertisements". ''Las Vegas Review-Journal''.
*John Branch ([[4 February]] [[2006]]). "Build It and They Will Come". ''New York Times''.
*[http://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/super/superbowl-plays.htm Super Bowl play-by-plays] from [[USA Today]] (Last accessed [[September 28]], [[2005]])
*[http://www.sportsnetwork.com/default.asp?c=sportsnetwork&page=nfl/superbowl/2005/superbowl-alltime-odds.htm All-Time Super Bowl Odds] from The Sports Network (Last accessed [[October 16]], [[2005]])
*[http://espn.go.com/page2/s/superbowlmoments100.html 100 Greatest Super Bowl Moments] by Kevin Jackson, Jeff Merron, and David Schoenfield; espn.com (Last accessed [[October 31]], [[2005]])
*Various Authors - "SI's 25 Lost Treasures" - Sports Illustrated, [[July 11]], [[2005]] p114.
*"The Super Bowl I-VII." Lost Treasures of NFL Films. ESPN2. [[26 January]] [[2001]].
*"MTV's Super Bowl Uncensored". MTV. [[27 January]] [[2001]].
*"Talk Shows." CBS: 50 Years from Television City. CBS. [[27 April]] [[2002]].
*{{cite news |first=Tommy |last=Dee |title="Super Bowl Halftime Jinx" |date=January 2007 |publisher= Maxim Magazine Online |url=http://www.maximonline.com/articles/index.aspx?a_id=7435&src=cl9 |accessdate=2007-01-25 }}
==External links==
*[http://www.superbowl.com/ Official Super Bowl Website]
*{{dmoz|Sports/Football/American/NFL/Super_Bowl/|Super Bowl}}
*[http://www.winsupertickets.com SuperBowl Ticket Lottery]
*[http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/009486.html U.S. Census Bureau Facts for Features: Super Bowl XLI]
*[http://commercial-acrhive.com/SuperBowlCommercials Adland Commercial Archive]- The Commercial Archive has 35 years of Super Bowl commercials in quicktime format.
{{SuperBowl}}
{{NFL}}
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