Alcatraz Island and Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology: Difference between pages

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{{Infobox_University

{{otheruses|Alcatraz (disambiguation)}}

|image_name= BUET logo.png

{{Infobox_protected_area | name = Alcatraz Island

|

| ucn_category = V

|name=Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology

| image = Alcatraz_Island.jpg

|motto=

| caption = Alcatraz Island in 2005

|established=[[1962]] see history below |

| ___location = [[San Francisco Bay Area]], [[California]], [[USA]]

|type=[[Public university|Public]], [[Coeducational]]

| nearest_city = [[San Francisco, California]]

|chancellor=[[Dr. Fakhruddin Ahmed]] |

| lat_degrees = 37

|vice_chancellor=Dr AMM Safiullah

| lat_minutes = 49

|city=[[Dhaka]] |

| lat_seconds = 35

|country=[[Bangladesh]]

| lat_direction = N

|students=4000 |

| long_degrees = 122

|faculty=350 |

| long_minutes = 25

|address=Palashi,Dhaka-1000 |

| long_seconds = 21

|telephone=880.2.966 5650-80 |

| long_direction = W

|campus=[[urban area|Urban]], = 1876.8685 acres (0.076331 km²)|

|website=[http://www.buet.ac.bd/ www.buet.ac.bd]

| established = 1972

| visitation_num =

| visitation_year =

| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]

}}

'''Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology''' ([[Bengali]]: বাংলাদেশ প্রকৌশল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ''Bangladesh Prokoushol Bishshobiddalôe'') or '''BUET''' is a Government [[Engineering]] University in [[Bangladesh]]. It is the oldest Engineering institution in the region, and is regarded to be among the top universities for technical education.{{cn}} The medium of instructions in this top graded university{{cn}}is English. Many international students prefer this university for offering high standard of education and low expense.{{cn}}

'''Alcatraz Island''' (sometimes informally referred to as simply '''Alcatraz''' or by its pop-culture name, '''The Rock''') is a small [[island]] located in the middle of [[San Francisco Bay]] in [[California, United States]]. It served as a lighthouse, then a military fortification, then a military prison followed by a federal prison until 1963, when it became a national recreation area.

About five thousand [[student]]s are enrolled in [[undergraduate]] and [[postgraduate]] studies [[engineering]], [[architecture]], [[planning]] and [[science]] in this institution. The total number of [[teacher]]s is over 400. The University has continued to expand over the last three [[decade]]s with the construction of new academic buildings, [[auditorium]] complex, halls of residence etc.

Today, the island is a historic site supervised by the [[National Park Service]] as part of the [[Golden Gate National Recreation Area]] and is open to tours. Visitors can reach the island by [[ferry]] ride from Pier 33, near [[Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco, California|Fisherman's Wharf]] in San Francisco. It is listed as a [[National Historic Landmark]].

==History==

[[Image:BUET monument 1.JPG|right|thumb|250px|Language movement monument in front of BUET]]

The [[United States Census Bureau]] defines the island as Block 1067, Block Group 1, [[census tract|Census Tract]] 179.02 of [[San Francisco County, California]]. There was no population on the island as of the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-show_geoid=Y&-tree_id=4001&-_caller=geoselect&-context=dt&-errMsg=&-all_geo_types=N&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_P001&-redoLog=false&-transpose=N&-search_map_config=|b=50|l=en|t=4001|zf=0.0|ms=sel_00dec|dw=0.020424711768001758|dh=0.01212236021278709|dt=gov.census.aff.___domain.map.EnglishMapExtent|if=gif|cx=-122.36723887116453|cy=37.811907020664684|zl=2|pz=2|bo=318:317:316:314:313:323:319|bl=362:393:358:357:356:355:354|ft=350:349:335:389:388:332:331|fl=381:403:204:380:369:379:368|g=100$10000US060750179021000&-PANEL_ID=p_dt_geo_map&-_lang=en&-geo_id=100$10000US060750179021067&-CONTEXT=dt&-format=&-search_results=15000US060750179021&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U Block 1067, Block Group 1, Census Tract 179.02, San Francisco County] United States Census Bureau</ref>

'''BUET''' was established in the late 19th century as a [[Cadastre|survey]] [[school]] for training [[Surveyor (surveying)|surveyor]]s. ''Dhaka Survey School'' was established at Nalgola, in Old Dhaka in 1876 to train surveyors for the then [[Government]] of [[Bengal]] of [[British India]]. Later, generous grants from Nawab Ahsanullah, a renowned [[Islam|Muslim]] patron of Education and member of the Nawab family of Dhaka enabled it to expand as a full fledged [[engineering]] school. ''Ahsanullah School of Engineering'' offered three-year [[diploma]] courses in [[Civil Engineering]], [[Electrical Engineering]] and [[Mechanical Engineering]]. In recognition of the generous financial contribution from the then [[Nawab]] of Dhaka, it was named after his father [[Khawja Ahsanullah]]. It moved to its present premises in 1912.

[[Image:Reg building.JPG|thumb|140px|left|Dr. M.A. Rashid Building]]

It is home to the now abandoned [[prison]], the oldest operating [[lighthouse]] on the [[West Coast of the United States]], early military [[fortification]]s, and natural features such as [[rock pool]]s, a [[seabird]] colony (mostly [[Western Gull]]s, [[cormorant]]s, and [[egret]]s), and unique views of the coastline.

After the [[partition of India]] in 1947, it was upgraded to ''Ahsanullah Engineering College'', as a [[Faculty (university)|Faculty]] of [[Engineering]] under the [[University of Dhaka]], offering four-year [[bachelor's]] courses in Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, [[chemical engineering|Chemical]] and [[metallurgy|Metallurgical Engineering]].

===Natural history===

The first European to discover the island was [[Juan de Ayala]] in 1775, who charted the San Francisco Bay and named the island "La Isla de los Alcatraces," which means "Island of the Cormorants".<ref>[http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/rs1.htm A Brief History of Alcatraz Island]</ref>

In 1962, it was renamed as ''East Pakistan University of Engineering and Technology'' (EPUET). A partnership with the ''Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas'' (renamed [[Texas A&M University]] in 1963) was forged, and professors from A&M came to teach and to formulate the curriculum. During this period, EPUET offered courses in Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, and Chemical engineering, and Architecture.

===Lighthouse history===

The discovery of gold in California in 1848 brought thousands of ships to San Francisco Bay, creating an urgent need for a navigational lighthouse. In response, Alcatraz lighthouse #1 was erected and lit in the summer of 1853. As the first lighthouse built on the Pacific Coast, this third-order lens [[Fresnel lens|fresnel]] lighthouse contained a California Cottage design with a short tower protruding from the center, similar to the [[Point Loma Lighthouse (old)|Old Point Loma Lighthouse]] in [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] and to the [[Point Pinos Lighthouse]] in [[Pacific Grove, California|Pacific Grove]]. In 1856, a fog bell was added to the lighthouse.<ref name="lighthouse">[http://lighthousegetaway.com/lights/alcatraz.html Lighthouse history.]</ref>

After the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|liberation war]] of 1971, [[Bangladesh]] became independent, and ''EPUET'' was renamed to ''Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)'''.

After 56 years of use, Alcatraz lighthouse #1 was torn down in 1909 to make way for the construction of Alcatraz prison. Alcatraz lighthouse #2 was located next to the cellhouse and completed on [[December 1]], [[1909]]. Its 84-foot tower of concrete contained a smaller, fourth-order lens. In 1963, the fresnel lens of Alcatraz lighthouse #2 was replaced with an automated rotating beacon. The keepers were then discharged.<ref name="lighthouse" />

==Campus==

===Military history===

The BUET campus is in the heart of the [[capital]] city of Dhaka. It has a compact campus with ''halls'' of residence within walking distances of the academic buildings. At present the campus occupies 76.85 [[acre]]s (311,000 [[metre|m²]]) of land. The academic area is confined in and around the old campus occupying 30.24 [[acre]]s (122,000 m²) of land defined by shahid sharani, Bakshi Bazar road and the [[Asian Highway]]. This area accommodates five faculties, two institutes, the administrative building, the central [[library]], main [[sports]] facilities, the [[auditorium]] complex, the BUET Club and eighty two units of residential accommodation of [[teacher]]s, staff and employees and the [[Vice-Chancellor]]'s bungalow.

[[Image:AlcatrazIsland-1895.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Alcatraz Island, 1895.]]

Alcatraz had a military installation established in 1850 which was later used as a military prison to incarcerate, amongst others, some [[Hopi]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] men.<ref>"The most painful story of resistance to assimilation programs and compulsory school attendance laws involved the Hopis in Arizona, who surrendered a group of men to the military rather than voluntarily relinquish their children. The Hopi men served time in federal prison at Alcatraz". {{cite book

| last = Child

| first = Brenda J.

| authorlink =

| coauthors =

| title = Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900-1940

| publisher = University of Nebraska Press

|date=February 2000

| ___location =

| pages = p. 13

| url =

| doi =

| id = ISBN 0-8032-6405-4 }}</ref>

==Academics==

During the [[First World War]] it held conscientious objectors, including [[Philip Grosser]] who wrote a pamphlet entitled 'Uncle Sam's Devil's Island' about his experiences. <ref>

===Faculties and departments===

Grosser, P., Block, H., Blackwell, A. S., & Berkman, A. (1933). Uncle Sam's Devil's Island: experiences of a conscientious objector in America during the World War. [Boston, Mass: Published by a Group of friends. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13728108]</ref>

[[Image:BUET EME Building.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Building at BUET]]

[[Image:Civil Engineering Building of BUET seen from EME Building.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Civil engineering building]]

[[Image:BUET archi front.JPG|right|thumb|200px|Architecture building]]

*Faculty of Architecture & Planning

**Dept. of Architecture (Arch)

**Dept. of Urban & Regional Planning (URP)

**Dept. of Humanities (Hum)

* Faculty of Civil Engineering

**Dept. of Civil Engineering (CE)

**Dept. of Water Resources Engineering (WRE)

* Faculty of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

**Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE)

**Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE)

* Faculty of Engineering

**Dept. of Chemical Engineering (ChE)

**Dept. of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering (MME)

**Dept. of Chemistry (Chem)

**Dept. of Mathematics (Math)

**Dept. of Physics (Phys)

**Dept. of Petroleum & Mineral Resources Engineering (PMRE)

* Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

**Dept. of Mechanical Engineering (ME)

**Dept. of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NAME)

**Dept. of Industrial & Production Engineering (IPE)

===Admissions===

=== Prison (penological) history===

Undergraduate admission in BUET is very much competitive. After completion of higher secondary level(HSC) education, a student can submit his application for undergraduate admission if he fulfils the minimum requirement. Students with a minimum percentage in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and English of their higher secondary examination are allowed to appear in the admission test. The formidable screening process allows only 4500 - 5000 students to sit for the admission test out of approximately 40,000 applicants. After the intricate admission test, the best 825 students get the opportunity to study in this prestigious institution. However, for admission to M.S. and Ph. D. programs candidates are required to appear in interviews.

Due to its isolation from the outside by the cold, shark-infested waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was used to house Civil War prisoners as early as 1861. In 1898, the Spanish-American war would increase the prison population from 26 to over 450. After the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]], civilian prisoners were transfered to Alcatraz for safe confinement. By 1912 there was a large cellhouse, and in the 1920s a large 3-story structure was nearly at full capacity. <ref>[http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/rs1.htm A Brief History of Alcatraz Island]</ref>

International students must submit satisfactory TOEFL or IELTS score as a proof of their English proficiency as a basic requirements for admission.

The [[United States Disciplinary Barracks]] on Alcatraz was acquired by the [[United States Department of Justice]] on [[October 12]], [[1933]], and the island became a federal prison in August [[1934]]. During the 29 years it was in use, the jail held such notable criminals as [[Al Capone]], Robert Franklin Stroud (the [[Birdman of Alcatraz]]), [[James J. Bulger|James "Whitey" Bulger]] and [[Alvin Karpis]], who served more time at Alcatraz than any other inmate. It also provided housing for the Bureau of Prison staff and their families.

====EscapeStudent attempts==life==

===Halls of residence===

[[Image:View_from_Alcatraz.jpg|left|thumb|250px|View of San Francisco from Alcatraz Island]]

[[Image:Sony Memorial Sculpture BUET by Ragib Hasan.jpg|right|thumb|Sabekunnahar Sony Memorial Sculpture, beside Titumir Hall.]]

During its twenty-nine years of operation, the penitentiary logged no prisoners as having ever successfully escaped. Thirty-four prisoners were involved in fourteen attempts, two men trying twice; seven were shot and killed, two drowned, five were unaccounted for, and the rest were recaptured. Two prisoners made it off the island but were returned, one in 1945 and one in 1962.

Student dormitories (called ''halls'' in BUET) are important features in campus life. There are eight residential halls to provide housing for BUET students. The ''Shahid Smriti Hall'' is reserved for young [[teacher]]s who do not have an official quarter in the campus and for postgraduate students. The ''Ladies Hall'' is for female students, and the remaining six halls are for male students studying in the undergraduate level.

These halls were built in different times. Different architectural designs of different ages are prominent in the construction of these halls.

The most famous escape attempt involved [[Frank Morris]] and brothers [[John Anglin|John]] and [[Clarence Anglin]], popularized in the [[film|motion picture]] ''[[Escape from Alcatraz (film)|Escape from Alcatraz]]''. The three disappeared from their cells on [[June 11]] [[1962]] in one of the most intricate escapes ever devised.

Administrative head of a hall is its [[provost (education)|provost]], usually chosen from the senior [[teacher]]s of different faculties. 3 Assistant Provosts are also in the authority of the Halls.

Behind the prisoners' cells in Cell Block B (where the escapees were interned) was an unguarded meter-wide utility corridor. The prisoners chiselled away the moisture-damaged concrete from around an air vent leading to this corridor, using tools such as a metal spoon soldered with silver from a dime and an electric drill improvised from a stolen vacuum cleaner motor. The noise was disguised by accordions played during music hour, and their progress was concealed by false walls which, in the dark recesses of the cells, fooled the guards.

[[Image:Alcatraz cell.JPG|thumb|right|200px|The interior of a regular cell in the row known as ''Broadway''.]]

The escape route then led up through a fan vent; the fan and motor had been removed and replaced with a steel grille, leaving a shaft large enough for a prisoner to climb through. Stealing a [[carborundum]] cord from the prison workshop, the prisoners had removed the rivets from the grille and substituted dummy rivets made of soap. The escapees also stole many raincoats to use as a raft for the trip to the mainland. Leaving [[papier-mâché]] dummies in their cells, the prisoners are estimated to have entered San Francisco Bay at 10pm.

Most of the halls are named after prominent personalities in the history of Bangladesh. These are listed below:

The official investigation by the [[FBI]] was aided by another prisoner, Allen West, who also was part of the escapees' group but was left behind. (West's false wall kept slipping so he held it into place with cement, which set; when the Anglin brothers accelerated the schedule, West desperately chipped away at the wall but by the time he did his companions were gone.) Articles belonging to the prisoners (including plywood paddles and parts of the raincoat raft) were located on nearby [[Angel Island (California)|Angel Island]], and the official report into the escape says the prisoners drowned while trying to reach the mainland in the cold waters of the bay.

*Ahsanullah Hall

[[Image:Alcatraz11.JPEG|thumb|left|300px|The Rock, as viewed from [[San Francisco]]]]

*Ladies Hall

In 2003, [[Jamie Hyneman]] and [[Adam Savage]], the co-hosts of the San Francisco-based [[Discovery Channel]] [[television series]] ''[[MythBusters]]'', sought to prove whether the escapees could have survived. Using similar materials to those used in 1962, they constructed an inflatable [[raft]] from 50 rubber raincoats and made plywood paddles. Hyneman and Savage selected a date when the tide direction and rate matched that of the escape attempt, and with another crew member, Will Abbot, standing in for the third prisoner, they were able to paddle with the outgoing tide to the [[Marin Headlands]], near the north tower of the [[Golden Gate Bridge]]. The trip took 40 minutes and Hyneman and Savage agreed that the escape could have succeeded: the only problem with calling the myth "confirmed" is the simple fact that there's no actual evidence to show the escapees actually succeeded.

*Dr. M. A. Rashid Hall

*Nazrul Islam Hall

*Sher-e-Bangla Hall

*Suhrawardy Hall

*Titumir Hall

*Shahid Smriti Hall

===Activities===

Also, tests using the [[U.S. Army]] [[Corps of Engineers]]' scale model of San Francisco Bay indicated that paddles or other debris thrown into the water from the landing ___location would be carried by the returning tide to Angel Island. This proved that the escape was possible with the resources available to the escapees and provided an explanation for the ___location of the escape debris found by the FBI. (Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman had drawn a similar conclusion using scale models of San Francisco bay, but the segment was cut for time and not seen until their [[MythBusters episodes: Specials#Special 4 — "MythBusters Outtakes"|"MythBusters Outtakes"]] special over a year after the original episode.)

*BUET participated in the [[ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest]] every year since 1998, achieving the 11th position in the whole world in 2000.

*BUET participated in the [http://www.buet.ac.bd/eee/news/news1/news.html IEEE Myron Zucker Student Design Contest] in 2001, placed first,[[Chicago]], [[USA]].

*BUET participated in [http://www.energychallenge.org/2003FEC.htm The 2003 International Future Energy Challenge] in 2003 and was awarded ''Honorable Mention'' award.

*BUET participated in the ''Asia-Pacific Robot Contest'' [[ABU ROBOCON 2005]] [[Beijing]] and was awarded the Panasonic Award.

*BUET participated in [http://www.energychallenge.org The 2005 International Future Energy Challenge] in 2005 and was awarded ''Honorable Mention'' award.

*BUET student won the 2006 IEEE[http://www.ieee.org] Region 10 Student Paper Contest.

*BUET won the [http://www.ieee.org/organizations/foundation/2007news.html Student Enterprise Award] in 2007 from IEEE[http://www.ieee.org]

==Institutes and Centers==

Leading Alcatraz historian Frank Heaney has spoken to relatives of the Anglin brothers who claim to have received postcards from South America signed by the two, but Frank Morris was never heard from again. Despite these claims, the actual fate of the escapees remains unknown; a $1,000,000 reward offered by the Alcatraz ferry operator Red & White Fleet Inc. in 1993 for the prisoners' recapture remains unclaimed.

There are total nine institutes and centers in BUET.

* Institute of Information & Communication Technology (IICT)

* Institute of Appropriate Technology (IAT)

* Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM)

* International Training Network Centre (ITN)

* Centre for Energy Studies (CES)

* Center for Environmental & Resource Management (CERM)

* Center for Biomedical Engineering Research (CBER)

* Bureau of Research, Testing & Consultation (BRTC)

* Accident Research Centre (ARC)

==Distinguished Alumni==

== Alcatraz as a national recreation area ==

<div style="clear: both"></div>

[[Image:Alcatraz Island Flowers.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Flowers on Alcatraz. In the background is the Warden's Home, destroyed by fire during the Indian occupation.]]

By decision of US [[Attorney General of the United States|Attorney General]] [[Robert F. Kennedy]], the penitentiary was closed for good on [[March 21]], [[1963]]. It was closed because it was far more expensive to operate than other prisons (nearly $10 per prisoner per day, as opposed to $3 per prisoner per day at Atlanta)<ref>[http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/rs5.htm A Brief History of Alcatraz, p.5]</ref>, and the bay was being badly polluted by the sewage from the approximately 250 inmates and 60 Bureau of Prisons families on the island. The [[United States Penitentiary, Marion|United States Penitentiary]] in [[Marion, Illinois]], a new, traditional land-bound prison opened that same year to serve as a replacement for Alcatraz.

A large number of BUET alumni are working in the industry and academia both in Bangladesh and outside Bangladesh. Famous BUET alumni and former faculty members include Structural Engineer [[Fazlur R. Khan|Fazlur Rahman Khan]] {{Fact|date=March 2007}}, who designed [[John Hancock Center]] (100-story) and [[Sears Tower]](108-story) , the tallest building in the United States since its completion in 1974.

[[Image:Brandt's Cormorant Alcatraz.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Brandt's Cormorant]] nesting on Alcatraz Island]]

====American Indian Occupation====

In 1969, a group of American Indians from many different tribes, calling themselves [[Indians of All Tribes]] (many individual Indians voluntarily relocated to the Bay Area under the Federal [[Indian Reorganization Act]] of 1934),{{Fact|date=February 2007}} occupied the island, and proposed an education center, ecology center and cultural center. According to the occupants, the 1868 Fort Laramie treaty[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Laramie_%281868%29] between the US and the Sioux conceded all retired, abandoned or out-of-use federal land to the Native people from whom it was acquired. During the occupation, several buildings were damaged or destroyed, including the recreation hall, the Coast Guard quarter and the Warden's home. A number of other buildings (mostly apartments) were destroyed by the US Government after the occupation had ended. After 18 months of occupation, the government forced the occupiers off. But the end of the Termination policy and the new policy of self-determination were established in 1970, in part as a result of the publicity and awareness created by the occupation. Graffiti from the period of American Indian occupation is still visible at many locations on the island [http://www.csulb.edu/~aisstudy/alcatraz/index.html].

==External links==

[[image:Batrachoseps attenuatus.jpg|left|thumb|200px|<center>[[California slender salamander]]</center>]]

*[http://www.buet.ac.bd Official BUET Web Site]

====The Alcatraz Development Concept====

In 1993, the National Park Service published a plan entitled ''[http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:sCBari8GzzMJ:www.nps.gov/archive/goga/admin/planning/alca-eis/doc/chap1.doc+Alcatraz+Development+Concept+and+Environmental+Assessment&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=2 Alcatraz Development Concept and Environmental Assessment.]'' This plan, approved in 1980, doubled the amount of Alcatraz accessible to the public to enable visitors to enjoy its scenery and bird, marine, and animal life, such as the [[California slender salamander]].<ref>Adams, Gerald D. (July 27, 1993) [[San Francisco Examiner]]. ''Alcatraz Proposal Highlights Wildlife Plan Would Open Up More of Rock.'' News section, pg. A1.</ref>

Today American Indian groups, the International Indian Treaty Council, for example, hold ceremonies on the island. The most notable of these are on Columbus Day and Thanksgiving Day when they hold a "Sunrise Gathering".

In 2006, the Park Service awarded the ferry contract to Hornblower Yachts ferry operator Alcatraz Cruises. Because Hornblower does not employ union labor, there have been protests for several months and several demonstrations with nearly 1,000 participants{{Fact|date=February 2007}}.

===Man made features===

The parade grounds. Carved from the hillside during the late 19th century and covered with rubble since the government demolished guard housing in 1971, the area has become a habitat and breeding ground for black-crowned night herons, western gulls, slender salamanders and deer mice.

The Agave Path, a trail named for its dense growth of that amaryllis-family plant. Located atop a shoreline bulkhead on the south side, it provides a nesting habitat for night herons.

{{Public Universities of Bangladesh}}

===Natural features===

====Habitats====

[[Cisterns]]. A bluff that, because of its moist crevices, is believed to be an important site for [[California slender salamander]]s.

Cliff tops at the island's north end. Containing a onetime manufacturing building and a plaza, the area is listed as important to nesting and roosting birds.

The powerhouse area. A steep embankment where native grassland and creeping wild rye support a habitat for deer mice.

[[Tide pools]]. A series of them, created by long-ago quarrying activities, contains still-unidentified invertebrate species and marine algae. They form one of the few tide-pool complexes in the Bay, according to the report.

Western cliffs and cliff tops. Rising to heights of nearly 100 feet, they provide nesting and roosting sites for sea birds including pigeon guillemots, cormorants, Herrmann's gulls and western gulls. Harbor seals can occasionally be seen on a small beach at the base.

{{wide image|Alcatraz03182006.jpg|2000px|<center>''A panorama of Alcatraz as viewed from San Francisco Bay, facing east. The campanile on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, can be seen to the right.''</center>}}

====Vegetation====

Historic gardens. Planted by prison guards' families, they are now overgrown and have also become a bird nesting habitat.

==Appearances in popular culture==

A view of Alcatraz is often used in an [[establishing shot]] of films and television shows set in San Francisco. It plays a more-direct role in a number of movies, books, and video games:

* ''[[Birdman of Alcatraz (film)|Birdman of Alcatraz]]'' - starring [[Burt Lancaster]]

* ''[[Escape from Alcatraz (film)|Escape from Alcatraz]]'' - starring [[Clint Eastwood]]

* ''[[The Enforcer]]'' - third installment in the [[Dirty Harry]] series where terrorists use Alcatraz after the Mayor of San Francisco is kidnapped.

* ''[[Murder in the First]]'' - starring [[Kevin Bacon]], [[Christian Slater]] and [[Gary Oldman]]

* ''[[The Rock (film)|The Rock]]'' - movie that used Alcatraz as the base of hostage situation, starring Sean Connery and Nicolas Cage, with Ed Harris as a renegade general controlling the ___location of the rockets and renegades.

* ''[[Lupin III: Alcatraz Connection]]'' - In the 2001 installment of the [[Lupin III]] anime movie series, Alcatraz is a central ___location utilized by a villainous sect.

* ''[[Al Capone Does My Shirts]]'', a novel about a boy and his [[autism|autistic]] sister living on Alcatraz Island

* ''Alcatraz'', a follow-up to the computer game ''Hostages'' was released in 1992 for Amiga, Atari ST and DOS. It was a side-scrolling shoot-em-up with some first-person indoor sequences. The plot involved US Navy SEALS rescuing hostages from a terrorist-occupied Alcatraz.

* Alcatraz is a playable level in ''[[Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4]]'' and has many features of the real Alcatraz, but has been adapted for gameplay purposes.

* There are two chapters (five levels) that take place in Alcatraz in ''[[Hulk (video game)|Hulk]]'' where the [[Hulk (comics)|Hulk]] must investigate gamma-powered soldiers underground Alcatraz.

*''[[X-Men: The Last Stand]]'' features Alcatraz as the development center for a controversial "cure" for [[mutant (Marvel Comics)|mutants]]. It is here the final battle between [[Magneto (comics)|Magneto]]'s [[Brotherhood of Mutants]] and [[Professor X]]avier's [[X-Men]] takes place.

*In [[DC Comics]] continuity, Alcatraz is an active [[metahuman]] prison (''[[Teen Titans]]'' vol. 3 #1).

*In "[[World of Warcraft]]" one of the instanced dungeons is named Arcatraz, a very similar name. The Arcatraz is also a prison. There is also an island in Dustwallow Marsh on the continent of Kalimdor named Alcaz Island that holds an important political prisoner.

*Was the main plot for [[The Power of Two]], an episode of the popular WB series, [[Charmed]]

*In the video game ''[[Shadow Hearts: From the New World]]'', the party travels to Alcatraz in order to save [[Al Capone]].

*In the game Red alert 2 [[Yuri's revenge]] the first mission involves you destroying a fortification made by Yuri on Alcatraz Island.

*In a version of the popular video game San Francisco Rush, Alcatraz is the main setting

* In the game [[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six 3]], you have to rescue several hostages from Alcatraz Prison.

===More===

The spanish swimmer [[David Meca]] was the first to cross swimming the waters between Alcatraz and San Francisco

==References==

<references/>

* {{cite book | first=Paul | last=Dowswell | title=Tales of Real Escape | id=ISBN 0-7460-1669-7 | year=1994 | publisher=Usborne Publishing Ltd| ___location=London, England}}

==External links==

{{commons|Alcatraz}}

{{commonscat|Alcatraz Island}}

* [http://www.nps.gov/alcatraz/ National Park Service - Alcatraz Official Website]

* [http://www.bop.gov/about/history/alcatraz.jsp Federal Bureau of Prisons - A Brief History of Alcatraz]

* [http://gocalifornia.about.com/cs/sanfrancisco/a/alcatraz.htm Alcatraz Island] Visitor Guide

* [http://www.militarymuseum.org/Alcatraz.html California State Military Museum - Post at Alcatraz Island]

* [http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/alcatraz.htm Report on the 1962 escape incident] (from the [[FBI]]'s [[United States FOIA|FOIA]] electronic reading room)

* [http://www.alcatrazhistory.com/ AlcatrazHistory.com]

* [http://www.alcatrazunion.com/ alcatrazunion.com] - There is currently a labor dispute involving the ferry service to and from Alcatraz

{{Geolinks-US-buildingscale|37.82721|-122.42389}}

[[Category:Public universities of Bangladesh]]

{{San Francisco}}

[[Category: Educational institutions established in 1962]]

[[Category:Landmarks in California]]

[[Category:Defunct prisons]]

[[Category:Golden Gate National Recreation Area]]

[[Category:Islands of San Francisco Bay]]

[[Category:Landmarks in San Francisco]]

[[Category:Prisons in California]]

[[Category:Prison museums]]

[[Category:Registered Historic Places in California]]

[[Category:National Historic Landmarks of the United States]]

[[Category:1850 establishments]]

[[bn:বাংলাদেশ প্রকৌশল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]

[[bn:আলকাটরাজ দ্বীপ]]

[[de:Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology]]

[[bs:Otok Alcatraz]]

[[bgpl:АлкатрасBUET]]

[[cs:Alcatraz]]

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[[es:Prisión de Alcatraz]]

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[[id:Pulau Alcatraz]]

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[[he:אלקטרז]]

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[[ja:アルカトラズ島]]

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